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6stTravel: anticipating connections in a reciprocal travel community Professor Janet Dickinson, Bournemouth University [email protected]
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Page 1: 6stTravel: anticipating connections in a reciprocal travel community

6stTravel: anticipating connections in a reciprocal travel community

Professor Janet Dickinson, Bournemouth [email protected]

Page 2: 6stTravel: anticipating connections in a reciprocal travel community

Time poses travel problems

Page 3: 6stTravel: anticipating connections in a reciprocal travel community

How routine is our travel?

• Temporal rhythms and peak demand– Various control points in time

• Work starts at …• Shops close at …• Son must be at rugby at …

– Also daily routines• Daylight hours• Meal times• Bodily needs

Page 4: 6stTravel: anticipating connections in a reciprocal travel community

But… there are other temporal issues

• Incidents in time – weather changes, a sick child, urgent work

• Blurring of work/social‐life time

Page 5: 6stTravel: anticipating connections in a reciprocal travel community

Multiple competing forms of time

My time

My son’s time

The bus time

The food’s time

The weather’s time

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Shared aggregate patterns but ad‐hoc individual routines

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Anticipating Connections

• Habitual individuals• Place related flows• Weather related flows• Group related activities• etc

WHO, WHEN, WHERE, MODE, SPARE CAPACITY?

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6th Sense Collaborative Travel Apps

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Collaborative Travel Apps

Tracking applications• Automatic distribution of a 

person’s location gives opportunities to connect

• Mining of location feeds enable understanding of past and potential future travel patterns

• This can be revealed to users

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Studland beach

The Square andCampus pub

Swanage

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Collaborative Travel Apps

Social Network of Users• People and things

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Collaborative Travel Apps

Messaging tools• General messages• Place specific messages• Time limited• One‐to‐one messages

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App TrialsTrial app Dates Context Users (n)6STTravel June 2013 Maiden Newton village 

community, Dorset10

6STCampsite July/August 2013

Tourism – Tom’s Field Campsite, Dorset

37 over a rolling 5 week period

6STTravel Dec 2013/Jan 2014

Martock village community, Somerset

8

LinkLocal April/May 2014

Wester Hailes urban fringe community, Edinburgh

11

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Reciprocal travel communities

• Negotiated exchange – economic (eg AvegoDriver or Bringbee)

• Reciprocal exchange – dyads in your social network (eg take turns with Kate to get boys to rugby)

• Generalised exchange – 6th Sense Travel Apps

NEED HELPERS AND USERS WHO NEED HELP

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Norms of reciprocity

• We seek a balance of giving and receiving help• We avoid feelings of indebtedness

• One of several fundamental barriers to app enabled collaborative travel. Others include:– Critical mass, establishing user need, trust, freeloading, control and independence, subjective time pressure, appropriate community context

I’m not very good at accepting help… you see that as a sign of 

weaknessJulie, Campsite trial

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How can we make it easy to ask for travel help via an app?

1. User protocol to establish norms for reciprocal exchange 

2. Embedding virtual credit in the app for first time users 

3. User champions providing opportunities for new users to respond to help requests 

4. Visualising successful exchanges to the user group5. Information sharing as a means to build credit6. Demonstrating how users who give help may also 

benefit  

Page 17: 6stTravel: anticipating connections in a reciprocal travel community

Future Internet of Things

• Prompts a reappraisal of the people‐to‐people Internet

• Growing capability to anticipate people’s need– This may reduce the need to ask for help– Opportunities for those less able to reciprocate– New forms of community support– New economic models and new forms of civic participation

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6stTravel: anticipating connections in a reciprocal travel community

Professor Janet Dickinson, Bournemouth [email protected]