6H 2 O + 6CO 2 + 36 ATP C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Cellular Cellular Respiration Respiration Harvesting Chemical Harvesting Chemical Energy Energy Glucose + Oxygen > Water + Carbon Dioxide +ATP
6H2O + 6CO2 + 36 ATPC6H12O6 + 6O2
Cellular RespirationCellular RespirationHarvesting Harvesting
Chemical EnergyChemical Energy
Glucose + Oxygen > Water + Carbon Dioxide +ATP
GlucoseGlucose
Glucose is the fuel most commonly Glucose is the fuel most commonly used by the cellused by the cell
The breakdown of The breakdown of
glucose is AEROBIC glucose is AEROBIC
Respiration withRespiration with
oxygen.oxygen.
Cellular Cellular RespirationRespirationA process in A process in
which glucose which glucose molecule is molecule is broken down broken down and ATP is and ATP is released.released.
Energy IN A CellEnergy IN A Cell
The energy source we need is The energy source we need is
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate).ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). ATP consist ofATP consist of: an adenosine molecule, a : an adenosine molecule, a
ribose sugar, an 3 phosphate groups.ribose sugar, an 3 phosphate groups. Cells need a constant supply of ATP.Cells need a constant supply of ATP. Having ATP is like having your battery Having ATP is like having your battery
charged.charged.
Aerobic RespirationAerobic Respiration
Requires oxygenRequires oxygen Aerobic respiration-process in which ATP Aerobic respiration-process in which ATP
is made using oxygen.is made using oxygen. Occurs in the mitochondriaOccurs in the mitochondria of the cell. of the cell. Aerobic respiration happens in ALL Aerobic respiration happens in ALL
aerobic organisms (plants/animals)aerobic organisms (plants/animals)
Three Stages of Cellular RespirationThree Stages of Cellular Respiration
GlycolysisGlycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle or Kreb Citric Acid Cycle or Kreb CycleCycle
Electron TransportElectron Transport
11stst STEP STEP
GlycolysisGlycolysis—aerobic or —aerobic or anerobic (no oxygen)anerobic (no oxygen)
1.1. Takes place in cytoplasm.Takes place in cytoplasm.2.2. Glucose main food source.Glucose main food source.3.3. Makes only 2 ATP’s.Makes only 2 ATP’s.
22ndnd Step Step Citric Acid Cycle or Kreb Citric Acid Cycle or Kreb
CycleCycle1.1. Occurs in the mitochondria.Occurs in the mitochondria. 2.2. Oxygen must be present.Oxygen must be present.3.3. Carbon Dioxide is given off.Carbon Dioxide is given off.4.4. ENERGY is held in bonds of ENERGY is held in bonds of
hydrogen.hydrogen.5.5. Makes 2 ATPs.Makes 2 ATPs.
33rdrd Step Step
Electron Transport ChainElectron Transport Chain1.1. Bonds are broken.Bonds are broken.2.2. Energy is released.Energy is released.3.3. Hydrogen and Oxygen bond Hydrogen and Oxygen bond
(Water is given off).(Water is given off).4.4. 34 ATP’s are made.34 ATP’s are made.
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATIONANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
Does not require oxygen.Does not require oxygen. Anaerobic respiration-process of Anaerobic respiration-process of
making ATP without oxygen.making ATP without oxygen. Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cellOccurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
Two types of anaerobic respirationTwo types of anaerobic respiration
1.1. Lactic acid fermentationLactic acid fermentation
2.2. Alcoholic fermentationAlcoholic fermentation
Cellular RespirationFermentation in the Absence of Oxygen
2 Types each identified by its
waste products
(1) Alcoholic Fermentation
(2) Lactic Acid Fermentation
Lactic Acid FermentationLactic Acid Fermentation
Occurs in animal cells Occurs in animal cells
when oxygen is not when oxygen is not
present.present. SORE MUSCLESSORE MUSCLES
will occur.will occur.
Alcoholic FermentationAlcoholic Fermentation
Occurs in bacteriaOccurs in bacteria
and yeast cell.and yeast cell.Produces alcohol Produces alcohol
and carbon dioxide.and carbon dioxide.Micro-organisms thatMicro-organisms that
make yeast, breadmake yeast, bread
and wine.and wine.
Alcoholic FermentationAlcoholic Fermentation
Some organisms carry out alcoholic fermentation. This wasdiscovered by Louis Pasteur in his study of the chemistryof wines. Yeasts break down the sugars in the juice topyruvate by glycolysis, then the pyruvate is dismantled toyield CO2 and ETHANOL. If the fermentation continues
until all the sugar is used, a dry wine is produced. Iffermentation is stopped before all the sugar is used, thena sweet wine is produced.
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis Process by which plants and other autotrophs Process by which plants and other autotrophs
store the energy of sunlight into sugars.store the energy of sunlight into sugars. Requires sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.Requires sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.
6 CO6 CO22 + 6 H + 6 H220 0 C C66HH1212OO6 6 + 6 O + 6 O22
Occurs in the leaves of plants in organelles Occurs in the leaves of plants in organelles called chloroplasts.called chloroplasts.
FACTS TO KNOWFACTS TO KNOW
Site for PhotosynthesisSite for Photosynthesis::
chloroplastchloroplast ChlorophyllChlorophyll- Green plant- Green plant
pigment found in the pigment found in the
chloroplastchloroplast Organ of PhotosynthesisOrgan of Photosynthesis::
LeafLeaf
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis: The Chemical : The Chemical ProcessProcess
Occurs in two main phasesOccurs in two main phases.. Light reactionsLight reactions Dark reactions (aka – the Calvin Cycle)Dark reactions (aka – the Calvin Cycle)
Light reactions Light reactions are the “photo” part of are the “photo” part of photosynthesis. Light is absorbed by photosynthesis. Light is absorbed by pigments.pigments.
Dark reactions Dark reactions are the “synthesis” part of are the “synthesis” part of photosynthesis. Trapped energy from the sun photosynthesis. Trapped energy from the sun is converted to the chemical energy of sugars. is converted to the chemical energy of sugars.
1.DEPENDS UPON LIGHT1.DEPENDS UPON LIGHT
2. LIGHT IS ABSORBED 2. LIGHT IS ABSORBED
3. WATER IS SPLIT3. WATER IS SPLIT
LIGHT REACTIONLIGHT REACTION (LIGHT – DEPENDENT(LIGHT – DEPENDENT))
DARK REACTIONDARK REACTION (LIGHT-INDEPENDENT)(LIGHT-INDEPENDENT)
1.1. LIGHT IS NOT NECESSARY.LIGHT IS NOT NECESSARY.
2. THIS REACTION FOLLOWS THE 2. THIS REACTION FOLLOWS THE LIGHT REACTION.LIGHT REACTION.
3. SUGAR (GLUCOSE) IS MADE.3. SUGAR (GLUCOSE) IS MADE.
4. CARBON DIOXIDE IS GIVEN OFF.4. CARBON DIOXIDE IS GIVEN OFF.
PHOTOSYNTHESISPHOTOSYNTHESIS
This reaction is one of the most important This reaction is one of the most important chemical reactions that takes place on chemical reactions that takes place on earth.earth.
ALL FOOD COMES DIRECTLY OR ALL FOOD COMES DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY FROM PLANTSINDIRECTLY FROM PLANTS