6 6 C H A P T E R SYSTEM UNIT
Dec 13, 2015
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© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Lecture Objectives
System unit componentsMicroprocessorsMemory
Microprocessor Details• Microprocessor Components• Main Types (CISC/ RISC) of
Microprocessors• Word Size of a Microprocessor
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System Board
Connects all components
Allows communication between devices
Main board or motherboard
Circuit board electronic components
Sockets
Slots
Bus lines
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Microprocessor
Central Processing Unit (CPU )
Two basic components Control unit
Arithmetic and logic unit
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© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The Microprocessor chip
Control Unit sends control signals to the rest of the devices like
Memory – reading/writing for instructions/data/resultsArithmetic Logic UnitOther external devices – for input/output etc.
ALU performs arithmetic or logical operations
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© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
… The Microprocessor chip
Input DevicesInput Devices Output DevicesOutput DevicesMouseKeyboard
PrinterScreen
Program Problem DataControl
UnitALU
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Microprocessor Chips
Chip capacities are expressed in word sizes
Types of microprocessor chipsCISC chips: Complex instruction chips
Most widely used design
Used by Intel
RISC chips: Reduced instruction set computer chipsUses fewer instructions
Design is simpler and less costly
Used by the PowerPC
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© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Microprocessor & Small Server Chips
CISC ExamplesPentium III and Pentium IV are most recent formsIntel, AMD and Cyrix III are popular vendors of CISC type
RISC ExamplesMotorola’s PowerPC
Compaq's Alpha
Silicon Graphics' MIPS
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Microprocessor & Server Chips
Manufacturer Processor Type Typical Use
Intel Pentium CISC Microcomputers
AMD Athlon CISC Microcomputers
hammer CISC Workstations
Motorola PowerPC RISC Apple computers
Sun SPARC RISC Workstations
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© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Microprocessor Chips
Word sizeNumber of processed bitsExpresses chip capacitySize of word determines power
32 bit processor– 4 bytes at a time64 bit processor – 8 bytes at a time
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Specialty Processors
Graphics coprocessors
Parallel processors
Smart cards
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More Microprocessor Detail on the Web
The Pentium 4 and the PowerPC G4e (and Part II)
http://www.arstechnica.com/cpu/01q2/p4andg4e/p4andg4e-1.html
a detailed comparison of the very different designs of the world's two most popular processors.
Inside the IBM PowerPC 970 (and Part II)
http://www.arstechnica.com/cpu/02q2/ppc970/ppc970-1.html
a detailed look at the design of the just-released PowerPC G5, including comparisons to the G4e and Pentium-4.
Into the K7 (and Part II) http://www.arstechnica.com/cpu/3q99/k7_theory/k7-one-1.html
a detailed look at the Athlon, the only competitor to ever really challenge Intel's dominance in the world of x86 processors.
The UltraSPARC III http://www.aceshardware.com/Spades/read.php?article_id=115
a brief look at the only mainstream processor to still use purely in-order execution, along with its other features such as a wave-pipelined D-cache.
Itanium: Titan or Titanic? http://www.aceshardware.com/read.jsp?id=45000183
a brief look at both the design and the performance of "the most controversial Intel CPU the industry has ever seen".
The Pentium 4 and Hyper-Threading
http://www.aceshardware.com/read.jsp?id=50000319
some benchmarks for real-world applications showing where SMT helps and where it doesn't (at least
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© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Technology Description from Intel Executives
Commentary by WILLIAM A. SWOPE, President Intel Architecture Group [video clip]
Commentary by MICHAEL J. FISTER, Vice President and General Manager, Enterprise Platforms Group [ Video clip]