6.7 – COUNTERCULTURE Unit 6 – The Cold War and Culture Section 7 – Counterculture
6.7 – COUNTERCULTURE Unit 6 – The Cold War and Culture
Section 7 – Counterculture
Learning Targets & Key Words
The Students Will
Be Able To
(TSWBAT):
• Define counter-
culture and
understand the
different
categories of
counter-culture
that existed in the
1960s and 70s
Key Words:
Counter-Culture
Feminism
Roe v. Wade
Hippy
Woodstock
Clean Air Act
Environmental Protection Agency
EQ: What is counter-culture?
How did the women’s
movement, hippy movement,
and the environmental
movement gain popularity?
Counterculture
• Def.: A way of life and set of attitudes opposed to or at variance with the prevailing social norm.
1960s Counterculture:
• Experimentation in political activism, music, art, sexuality, drugs, and spirituality
• “Generation gap” between youth and their parents • Women’s rights, Hippy Movement,
Minority Rights, Environmentalism
I. WOMEN’S RIGHTS
Women’s Liberation Movement
• Women in the 1950s
• Denied basic human rights and
were trapped in the house
• Employment discrimination
• Feminism
• Def: The belief that men and
women should have equal rights
and opportunities
• Women came together to
organize activities to support
women’s rights and interest in the
1960s
Betty Friedan & The Feminine Mystique (1963)
• Early feminist book
• Credited with sparking the 2nd -wave of feminism
• Age of marriage was dropping, birth rate &
unhappiness of women increasing in the
1950s
• Women’s magazines/media created the idea of the
“feminine mystique” – the idea that women are
naturally fulfilled by devoting their lives to being
housewives and mothers
• Women should have CHOICES & no societal
expectations
• Calls for equal edu. & employment
“We can no longer ignore the voice within women that says: ‘I want
something more than my husband and my children and my home.’”
Equal Pay Act (1963)
• Law aimed at
ending wage
disparity based on
sex
• Signed by JFK (part
of the New Frontier
program)
National Organization for Women (NOW)
• Founded in 1966
• Betty Friedan was 1 of 28 founding
members
• Unified women’s rights movement
• Worked to get the ERA passed
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
• Originally written by Alice Paul & Crystal Eastman; first proposed in Congress in 1923
• Passed in in 1972
• Created equality under the law • Laws/rights cannot be denied based on sex
• Outlawed employment discrimination based on sex
Equal Rights Amendment
Title IX (1972)
• Law that required gender equity for boys and girls in every educational program that receives federal funding
• Athletics, Access to Higher Education, Career Education, Education for Pregnant and Parenting Students, Employment, Learning Environment, Math and Science, Sexual Harassment, Standardized Testing and Technology
Advances in Birth Control
The Pill
• Approved by the FDA in 1960
Roe v. Wade (1973)
• Supreme Court rules that abortion is legal
• Relied upon the 14th amendment – right to privacy under the due process clause
• Abortion is legal, but states must regulate abortions
• Seen as liberating to women (similar effect of Margaret Sanger’s birth control movement)
• Prompted national debate that still continues today
Roe vs. Wade
Pro-Choice vs. Pro-Life
II. THE RISE OF THE HIPPY
Hippies
• Term comes from being
“hip”
• Most valued freedom,
nature, intimacy, peace,
sharing, and spirituality
• Many were political
activists
• Women’s rights, Civil
Rights, Anti-Vietnam
Haight-Ashbury
Way of Life
• Distance from mainstream
culture • Often discarded possessions
• Distinct fashion • Flowing clothing, colorful, beads,
headbands, bellbottoms, tie-dye
• Beards, afros, longhair
• San Francisco and Haight
Ashbury • Birth place of the hippy movement
• Neighborhood in San Francisco
Woodstock
• August 15-17, 1969
• Music festival in NY • Meant to promote peace in a time of tension and war (Civil Rights, Vietnam)
• Famous artists of the day performed: • Jimi Hendrix, Santana, The Grateful Dead, Creedence Clearwater Revival, The Who, Jefferson Airplane, The Band, Janis Joplin, Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young, etc.
Country Joe’s Anti-Vietnam War Song:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7Y0ekr-3So
Stop at 1:30
Jimi Hendrix plays the National Anthem:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjzZh6-h9fM
CCR performs Born on the Bayou:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_9KKo8mZ5Eo
Woodstock
Woodstock
1969
Drug Culture
• Drugs like marijuana and LSD
were a big part of the
hippy/counterculture movement.
• Using drugs made hippies
feel like the were rebelling
from mainstream society.
• Timothy Leary (a Harvard
professor) was an advocate of
LSD.
• LSD was created by a Swiss
scientist, used by the CIA, and
tested for use by psychiatrists
before it became illegal.
III. ENVIRONMENTALISM
Environmental Movement
• Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring
• Book about the dangers of pollution in the
environment
• Criticized the use of DDT and other pesticides
• Earth Day (April 22)
• First started in 1970
• Meant to promote environmental awareness
(pollution, recycling, etc.)
• Clean Air Act
• 1st created in 1963; strengthened in 1970
• Established the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) to regulate pollution
Rachel Carson
Earth Day
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA, ’70)
-Clean Air Act (’70)
-Clean Water Act (’73)
-Endangered Species Act (’73)
Love Canal
Superfund
Three Mile Island
Nuclear power
plant meltdown
Counter-Culture Flipbook
• EQ: Why was each part of the counter-culture movement of the 1960s significant?
• Using your textbook and your notes, you will create a flipbook to describe the significance of each part of the counter-culture movement of the 1960s
• Read the following sections to learn more about each movement: • P. 910-919 – Counterculture, Women’s Movement, Hippies,
Minority Rights (Farmers, Indians, etc.)
• P. 958-61 – Environmentalism