6.3 Section Objectives – page 157

• Relate monomers and polymers

Objectives:

• Describe how polymers are formed and broken down in organisms.

• Describe the basic structure and function of carbohydrates.

• Describe the structure and function of lipids.

• Carbon compounds vary greatly in size.

Life’s Large Molecules

• Straight chains, branched chains, or rings.

• 4 types: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

• Life’s molecules = Organic = Carbon.

Polymers

• Small molecules (monomers) bond together to form long chains called polymers.

Building Polymers • Monomers are added to a chain by releasing a

water molecule.

• Dehydration reaction (synthesis).

6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163

Breaking Polymers • Cells break bonds between monomers by

adding water• Hydrolysis

reaction

• A carbohydrate is an organic molecule composed of C, H, and O with a ratio of about 1: 2: 1.

“Carbs”

• Main fuel supply for cellular work.

• 2 sugar monomers is a disaccharide (sucrose = glucose + fructose).

Carbohydrate Forms • A single carbohydrate monomer is called

a monosaccharide (ie. glucose, fructose, galactose)

• Energy storage or support.

Carbohydrate Forms • Polysaccharides are polymers composed

of many monosaccharide monomers. (ie. starch, glycogen, cellulose)

• Hydrophilic.

• Lipids are large organic molecules that are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen. (ie. fats, oils, waxes)

Lipids

• Hydrophobic

• Function: boundaries, messengers, stored energy.

• Fats: 3 carbon backbone + 3 fatty acid chains.

– saturated and unsaturated

– stored energy

Lipids

• Steroids: 4 fused rings.

– hormones, support

• How are monomers and polymers related?

• How are polymers formed?

• How are polymers broken down?

• What is a carbohydrate?

• What is a lipid?

Reconnect to Objectives