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ÆW¹dA³�« …d�«– v� —uH×�Drescher,J.(1944),A widow s petition.Bulletin de la societie d archeologiecopte,V.X,p91-96.Winter,J.G.(1933),Life and letters frompapyri.

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Rédacteur en chefYoussef Sidhom

Directrice de rédactionLaura Hakim

CartoucheEquipe de rédaction:

Abdel Massih FelliDalia Victor

Michael VictorNévine Lameï

Caroline Onsy, Nermine OnsyMise en page:

Héba AdelRévision:

Rafik Baracat

18 Mars 20079 Baramhat 1723

28 Safar 14281ère ANNEE NUMERO 46

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Le président de la République Française a

adressé plusieurs messages aux Français en forme de testa-ment politique.

" JE ne solliciterai pas vos suffrages pour un nouveau man-dat. " c'est avec " beaucoup d'émotion ", " avec au coeurl'amour et la fierté de la France " que Jacques Chirac s'estadressé aux Français pour leur faire part de ce choix. " Auterme du mandat que vous m'avez confié, le moment seravenu pour moi de vous servir autrement ", a-t-il dit dans uneallocution radiotélévisée. " D'une manière différente, maisavec un enthousiasme intact et la même passion d'agir pourvous, je continuerai à mener les combats qui sont les nôtres,les combats de toute ma vie, pour la justice, pour le progrès,pour la paix, pour la grandeur de la France. "

Jacques Chirac a indiqué qu'il aurait ultérieurement " l'oc-casion d'exprimer ses choix personnels " pour la prés-identielle. Après avoir défendu son bilan, notamment la res-tauration des valeurs républicaines et la laïcité, il a préféréadresser " plusieurs messages " aux Français en forme detestament politique.

" Ne composez jamais avec l'extrémisme, le racisme,l'antisémitisme ou le rejet de l'autre. Dans notre histoire,l'extrémisme a déjà failli nous conduire à l'abîme. C'est unpoison. Il divise. Il pervertit, il détruit ", a-t-il dit. Il a égalementexalté " le beau combat de la France " pour " l'unité " et " lacohésion ". " Oui, nos valeurs ont un sens ! Oui, la France estriche de sa diversité ! Oui, l'honneur de la politique, c'estd'agir d'abord pour l'égalité des chances ! ", a-t-il lancé.

Jacques Chirac a appelé les Français à toujours croire eneux et en la France. " Nous avons tant d'atouts. Nous ne dev-ons pas craindre les évolutions du monde. Ce nouveau

Egypte

La réforme constitutionnelle en cours ne re-mettra pas en cause le fait que la charia is-lamique restera la source principale de la législa-tion en Egypte, a assuré Gamal Moubarak, filsdu chef de l'Etat et haute figure du parti au pou-voir, cité par la presse vendredi. "Il n'y a aucuneintention de contourner l'article 2", qui porte surla charia islamique, a déclaré M. Moubarak ensoulignant que "cet article restera" dans la Con-stitution égyptienne "Le but des allégations surun amendement de l'article 2 de la Constitution,qui porte sur la charia islamique, est de semerla confusion sur les amendements con-stitutionnels prévus", a encore déclaré aux jour-nalistes, Gamal Moubarak, président du comitépolitique du Parti National démocrate et adjointau secrétaire général.

Quartette arabeCondolizza Rice ar-

rivera en Egypte le 25mars et participera le jourmême à une réunion duQuartette arabe dans laville d'Assouan en Haute-Egypte, a déclaré M.Aboul Gheït. La sec-rétaire d'Etat, qui doitrencontrer le PrésidentHosni Moubarak, se ren-dra également à deux reprises en Israël et dansles territoires palestiniens, avant et après saréunion en Egypte avec le Quartette arabe, aprécisé le ministre. Le Quartette arabe regroupel'Egypte, l'Arabie Saoudite, la Jordanie et lesEmirats Arabes Unis.

SyrieJavier Solana demande à Bachar el-Assad

de faire des efforts pour aider à la stabilité duLiban... Le représentant de la diplomatie eu-ropéenne a rencontré le président Syrien cemercredi dernier. Damas est isolé sur la scèneinternationale depuis l'assassinat de l'ancienPremier ministre libanais Rafic Hariri. Mais Da-mas pose plusieurs conditions à sa coop-ération. Bachar el-Assad veut notamment queles européens et les américains l'aident à rep-rendre le contrôle du plateau du Golan occupépar les forces israéliennes depuis 1967. JavierSolana a demandé aux autorités syriennes decombattre le trafic d'armes avec le Liban etfournir un effort maximal pour appliquer la rés-olultion de l'ONU qui prévoit le désarmementdu Hezbollah.

Royaume-UniGreenpeace a répondu de manière spec-

taculaire en déployant une banderole sur leparlement, au projet de Tony Blair de renouvelerle système de dissuasion nucléaire britannique.Le Premier ministre soumettra au vote en fin dejournée son plan de modernisation de la forcede frappe nucléaire. S'il obtient une majorité,Tony Blair a prévu la construction de nouveauxsous marins, armés de missiles balistiques nu-cléaires Trident. Mais beaucoup de députés sedemandent si cette stratégie est la bonne, aumoment où l'armée de sa majesté est en dif-ficulté en Iraq, et aurait davantage besoin deblindés et de transports de troupes. Deux mini-stres du gouvernement ont déjà démissionné, etentre 60 et 70 députés travaillistes ont annoncéqu'ils voteraient contre. Mais Tony Blair n'as pasde souci à se faire concernant le vote, puisqueles conservateurs ont annoncé qu'ils appuierontle projet

Corée du NordSelon Mohamed El Baradei, le directeur gén-

éral de l'Agence de l'énergie atomique des na-tions unies, les re-sponsables nord coréensont réaffirmé leur désirde fermer leurs in-stallations nucléaires.D'après Mohamed El Ba-radei, La Corée du Nordest prête à travailler avecles agences concernées,pour leur permettre devérifier la fermeture desinstallations nucléaires etnotamment la centrale deYongByon. La Corée duNord a cependant posé une condition : la levéedes sanctions financières qui pèsent sur lepays, en particulier sur les comptes bloquésdans une banque de Macao. Une mesure prom-ise par Washington, et qui suit son cours. Lavisite historique du chef de l'AIEA à Pyon-gyang, faisait suite à l'accord conclu le 13 févri-er à Pékin entre la Corée du Nord d'une part, laChine, le Japon, la Corée du Sud, la Russie etles Etats-Unis d'autre part. Une nouvelle ses-sion de pourparlers à six débutera lundi pro-chain à Pékin.

Le président américain George W.

Bush a affirmé sa détermination à faireadopter une réforme des lois amér-icaines sur l'immigration et a évoqué unplan régional pour lutter contre le traficde drogue et le crime, mercredi au derni-er jour de sa tournée en Amérique lat-ine.

La réponse américaine à la questionmigratoire, préoccupation majeure enAmérique latine, s'est à nouveau im-posée dans l'agenda de M. Bush à me-sure qu'il se rapprochait de la frontièredes Etats-Unis à l'issue d'une tournéede six jours.

Cette dernière était destinée à contrerle mouvement anti-américain et anti-libéral qui s'est considérablement ren-forcé en Amérique latine et à convaincreque les Etats-Unis se préoccupaientd'autre chose que de commerce et delutte contre la drogue.

Mais, au Mexique, l'immigration, év-oquée dans les quatre pays précédem-ment visités, ne pouvait manquer de re-venir au premier plan.

"Je travaillerai avec le Congrès, avecles membres des deux partis, pour faireadopter une loi sur l'immigration quinous permettra de faire respecter enmême temps la loi et les valeurs hu-maines d'une manière qui correspondeaux valeurs des Etats-Unis d'Amérique",a déclaré M. Bush lors d'une conférencede presse commune avec son homo-logue mexicain Felipe Calderon à Mér-ida sud-est du Mexique.

La réforme que M. Bush défend depuisdes mois prévoit un renforcement de lafrontière et de l'immigration clandestine,mais ouvre aussi la voie à la régular-isation d'une partie des douze millionsd'étrangers travaillant clandestinementaux Etats-Unis. Quatre ou cinq millionsd'entre eux sont Mexicains.

La réforme se heurte aux résistancesdes amis républicains de M. Bush auCongrès.

Mais M. Bush s'est dit "optimiste"quant à la possibilité de trouver un "ter-rain d'entente".

M. Calderon a exprimé "les in-quiétudes" mexicaines sur le respectdes droits de l'homme par les Etats-Unisdans le traitement de ceux qui traversentla frontière. Il a déclaré que celle-ci de-vait rapprocher et non diviser les deuxpays et a indiqué que le Mexique et lesEtats-Unis envisageaient l'ouverture denouveaux points de passage.

La veille, il avait à nouveau critiqué laconstruction d'environ mille kilomètresde mur sur un tiers de la frontière.

Celle-ci cristallise les préoccupationsdes deux gouvernements comme lepoint de passage de tous les trafics.

M. Calderon "travaillera avec les Etats-

Unis et les pays d'Amérique centralepour développer un plan régional" contrele trafic de drogue et le crime, a dit M.Bush.

La Maison Blanche a indiqué récem-ment que ce plan viserait surtout à ren-forcer le partage des informations entre

Jacques Chirac ne briguerapas un nouveau mandat

Michael Victor

tarif d’abonnement: Egypte:65 L.E - Pays arabes: 150 L.E - L’europe: 90 dollars - L’amérique: 100 dollars - L’australie: 120 dollars américain

les gouvernements.Mais M. Bush a

donné satisfactionà son collèguemexicain enévoquant la"responsabilité"qu'ont lesEtats-Unis decombattre laconsommation destupéfiants sur leurterritoire pour nepas encourager lestrafics.

M. Bush achevaitau Mexique unetournée où il s'estemployé àaméliorer sonimage et celle desEtats-Unis, avec unrésultat incertain.

Une vingtaine depersonnes ont étéblessées à Mexicoquand unemanifestation de plusieurs centaines demilitants de gauche, étudiants, syn-dicalistes ou défenseurs de l'environne-ment a dégénéré en jets de bouteilles,de pierres et de peinture sur les po-liciers protégeant l'ambassade amér-icaine.

Ces manifestations, qui ont ac-compagné M. Bush tout au long de sonpériple dans cinq pays, ont rarementrassemblé plus de quelques centaines

de personnes et n'ont donné lieu qu'àdes incidents limités.

Mais ils ont mis en lumière le mouve-ment fait d'opposition à la guerre en Iraket à la politique de libéralisation deséchanges des Etats-Unis, du sentimentd'être négligé au profit de la lutte contrele terrorisme ou le trafic de drogue, etglobalement d'hostilité à M. Bush.

M.V

Fin de la visite deBush au MexiqueFin de la visite deBush au MexiqueFin de la visite deBush au MexiqueFin de la visite deBush au MexiqueFin de la visite deBush au MexiqueFin de la visite deBush au Mexique

JJJJOOOOUUUURRRRNNNNEEEEEEEE FFFFRRRRAAAANNNNCCCCOOOO----EEEEGGGGYYYYPPPPTTTTIIIIEEEENNNNNNNNEEEE DDDDEEEESSSS CCCCEEEERRRREEEEAAAALLLLEEEESSSS

Le président américain

George W. Bush et son

homologue mexicainFelipe Calderon

Le président américain

George W. Bush et son

homologue mexicainFelipe Calderon

monde, il faut le prendre à bras-le-corps, maissans jamais brader notre modèle français ", a-t-ilprévenu. Comme en signe d'avertissement à Ni-

colas Sarkozy qui en propose l'adaptation après l'avoir jugéobsolète. Chirac qui, vendredi, à l'occasion de son dernierConseil européen à Bruxelles, a fait son mea culpa aprèsl'échec du référendum en mai 2005, a estimé qu'il était vitalde poursuivre la construction européenne.

" La France doit affirmer l'exigence d'une Europe puis-sance. D'une Europe politique. D'une Europe qui garantissenotre modèle social ", a-t-il ajouté.

" La France a des responsabilités particulières "

Alors que son action internationale est un point fort de sonbilan, il a souligné que la France n'est pas un pays commeles autres et qu'elle a des responsabilités particulières ". "Face au risque d'un choc des civilisations, face à la montéedes extrémistes religieux, la France doit défendre la tolér-ance, le dialogue et le respect entre les hommes et entre lescultures ". Il a également insisté sur " le devoir de la France "," peser de tout son poids " pour l'aide au développement etmener " la révolution écologique qui s'engage ".

Séquence émotion Jacques Chirac a conclu par une déclaration d'amour à laFrance et aux Français : " Pas un instant, vous n'avez cesséd'habiter mon coeur et mon esprit. Pas une minute, je n'aicessé d'agir pour servir cette France magnifique. CetteFrance que j'aime autant que je vous aime " et qui " n'a pasfini d'étonner le monde ".

L'Association France Export Céréales a organisé le mardi 13 mars au Caire, la 11ème

Journée franco-égyptienne des céréales sous le patronage du Ministère égyptien de l'Ag-riculture et de la Bonification des terres, en coopération avec l'Ambassade et la Missionéconomique française en Egypte.

Selon Hassan Behnam, Directeur du bureau de presse régional d'UBIFRANCE, un grandnombre de personnalités et d'experts liés au secteur du blé et des céréales ont assisté àcette rencontre pour faire le point sur les échanges mondiaux des céréales et les ca-ractéristiques de la récolte française 2006. Les exposés techniques par des intervenantsfrançais et égyptiens ont porté sur l'adéquation des blés français aux exigences de fabrica-tion des différents pains arabes. Dans le cadre de ce séminaire, un exposé de meunerie aété également proposé.

Avec 420.000 tonnes de blés déjà contractées, la France reste un fournisseur ma-jeur de céréales de l'Egypte et demeure, avec 34,9 millions de tonnes de blés produitsdont 15,2 millions de tonnes exportées, l'un des pays clefs de l'équilibre mondial del'offre et de la demande.

La position de la France est d'autant plus nécessaire à cet équilibre que la demande estsupérieure à l'offre : la production mondiale est estimée à 589 millions de tonnes et la de-mande à 606 millions de tonnes. Ainsi, les stocks seront largement utilisés pour satisfaireles besoins de consommation et atteindront des niveaux très bas en fin de campagne. Enconséquence de cette tension entre l'offre et la demande, tous les prix mondiaux affichentune hausse de 35 à 50%.

Au niveau mondial, les blés français sont recherchés. Réputés pour leurs qualités, lesventes françaises de blés sont soutenues, parfois vers des marchés nouveaux soucieux detrouver des blés de haut niveau qualitatif.

Sur l'Egypte l'effet prix explique le recul des ventes françaises mais les blés françaisrestent appréciés pour leurs qualités boulangères ainsi que leurs qualités meunières deblé semi hard, homogènes et propres.

En général, les farines issues des blés français permettent une amélioration de l'aspectdu pain, des volumes et des goûts plus briochés. Par ailleurs, les rendements en farine sontaméliorés de 2 % au moins et conduisent à une économie du même ordre, soit 4 USD/tonne selon les cours actuels. Les utilisateurs disent que travailler avec l'origine française,c'est travailler en confiance.

If it weren’t tragic, it

would be downright funny

Editor-in-chiefYoussef Sidhom

Managing EditorSamia Sidhom

Sunday

18 March 20079 Baramhat 1723

28 Safar 1428YEAR 7

ISSUE 318

Watani Francophone

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Published by Watani Printing and Publishing Corporation 27, Abdel Khaleq Tharwat st. Cairo – Egypt Tel. 202-3927201, 202-39360 51 Fax 202-3935946 Website: www.watani.com.eg E-Mail: [email protected]

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NEWSLINE

tion to Norway for its recent decision towrite off 76 per cent of Egypt’s debts.These debts amount to 185.4 billion Kro-ner—some $25.8 billion.

Nile navigationAn integrated plan has been set up to

finalise the development of the River Nilenavigational watercourse by the end ofthis year. The Nile operation will be car-ried out in conjunction with the ports andmarinas plan for loading and unloading,and comes as a prelude to link the riverand the land transportation networks, withthe purpose of creating an integrated onecovering all Egypt. The Cabinet is lookinginto the plan which a spokesman said wastaking into consideration all Nile trans-port: passengers, goods, and Nile cruising.

New projectPetroleum Minister Sameh Fahmi has

laid the foundation stone of a new pet-rochemical plant in Port Said with a ca-pacity of 400,000 tons annually and in-vestments of $750 million. The plantproduces propylene and polypropylenecompounds, which are used in food pack-aging, carpets and other essential in-dustries. Fahmi said the project provides2,500 job opportunities.

Slovak-Egyptian ScienceEgypt has signed a bilateral agreement on

scientific and technological co-operationwith the Slovak Republic. Slovakia regu-larly provides scholarships to Egyptian stu-dents within the framework of a Slovak pro-

gramme and the Egyptian national scholar-ship programme.

Maritime cableEgypt’s National Telecommunications

Regulatory Authority (NTRA) and the ArabCompany for maritime cables have signedan agreement to install the first Egyptian-Arab maritime cable for communications.Egypt will have a 51 per cent stake in theproject. Communications and InformationTechnology Minister Tarek Kamel said theagreement marked a new stage on the roadto liberalising the communications sector.

Half-a-million visitorsDespite bad weather and heavy rains,

thousands queued in front of the Grand Pa-lais Museum in central Paris for a chance to

Youssef Sidhom

Aiding Somali refugeesEgypt has extended urgent medical aid

to some 170,000 Somali refugees in Ken-ya, through the Egyptian Foreign Min-istry's Fund for Technical Cooperationwith Africa. Egypt’s ambassador to Nai-robi oversaw the handing over of the as-sistance to the United Nations refugeecommission office in Nairobi. Egypt re-cently offered material and technical as-sistance to Kenya to face drought andfloods, and has announced that it will dig50 wells in Kenya as a gift to the AfricanState.

Debts clearedForeign Minister Ahmed Abul-Gheit has

expressed Egypt’s thanks and apprecia-

see Egypt’s "Sunken Treasures" on exhibit.The number of visitors has exceeded half amillion. The exhibit, which started last De-cember, ended last Friday.

Shooting ChampionshipEgypt has won the eighth African shoot-

ing championship qualifier for the 2008Beijing Olympic Games. Eight Egyptianplayers qualified for the Olympics afterwinning the gold medals in the tournamentat the shooting fields of the Armed Forcesin Cairo earlier this month. Egyptians won16 gold, nine silver and ten bronze medalsin the contest, ranking first among 208players from 12 participating countries.South Africa came second with six gold,four silver and four bronze medals, and Tu-nisia came third with three gold, four silver

Today Watani resumes printing problemcases with the Civil Register Authority(CRA). The root of this notorious problemgoes back to the fact that, starting this year,the old ID papers which were issued man-ually by the Civil Register Authority willbe invalidated, and new computerised IDdocuments will replace them. It is thus in-evitable for Egyptians to acquire new com-puterised identity papers. In the process ofapplying for and obtaining these papers,many find themselves faced with un-warranted data entry errors which should bevery easy to correct once the clerks refer tothe original, authentic, hand-written, CRA-issued documents. But, more often thannot, CRA clerks refuse to do so, and sendthe applicants instead on arduous, prob-lematic tasks to prove the veracity of theirID data.

Following is a new set of CRA problemcases.

Both Samah William Aziz and her father,who are Christians, were registered as Mus-lims in their computerised birth certificate.Ironically, the computerised birth certificateof Samah’s brother correctly cites the fatheras Christian.

Ireni Yehia Ibrahim Atta was born inAlexandria in 1971, and possesses manual-ly-issued ID and birth certificate which citeher as a Christian born to Christian parents.Her computerised birth certificate cites hermother as a Muslim.

Mrs N.S.M (who wished her name to bewithheld) was born in1937 in Fayoum. Sheis in possession of a manually-issued ID,birth certificate and passport, has workedfor decades with the Tax Authority, andregularly cashes her pension. When she ap-plied for a computerised ID, she was toldthat her name was not registered on thecomputer and she had to go back to Fay-oum to re-register her name in the manualfiles.

The case of Mina Hanna Baskharon Han-na is exceptional. Mina was born to Egyp-tian parents in Giza in 1990, and has correctmanual ID and birth certificates. When hereceived the computerised birth certificate,he found all the information correct exceptthat his homeland was cited as Namibia.Mina, who probably never heard of Na-mibia, went to the CRA to correct the mis-take, only to be told that ‘the computer nev-er lies’.

The story of Fahim Habib Basada Faltasis unique in kind. Fahim, who was born in1924, wrote to Watani: "I am relating a truestory. I am 82 years old, and applied to As-suit CRA for a computerised ID, submittingthe documents required. The applicationwas returned to me with a note saying‘birth certificate has been tampered with’since the clerk found nothing in the certif-icate to indicate my parents’ nationality orreligion. This was obvious since, at the timeI was born, birth certificates did not includeboxes for the parents’ nationality or re-ligion, and I was simply registered as Egyp-tian and Copt. Authorities at the time appar-ently assumed children would follow theirparents nationality and religion. The CRA,however, asked me to apply for a new birthcertificate. When I got it, I found my par-ents registered as Muslims. Does it makeany sense for two Muslim parents to reg-ister their son as a Christian? When Isought to correct the mistake, the CRAasked me to provide a certificate from thearchbishopric of Assuit proving my parentswere Christian. I did that, but was furtherasked to furnish their death certificates,which I failed to do since they died some60 years ago and I do not even rememberthe dates of their deaths. What am I to do?"

Mr Fahim spared me the effort of writinga conclusion to this editorial when hewrote: "May God forgive those who distortthe beautiful image of Egypt ingrained inour souls."

Maged SamirEvery Cairene knows that Cairo is a city of contrasts. Grand,modern suburbs built to a high-standard stand side by side withsquatter, randomly-built sections. Old Maadi with its charming vil-las and gardens lies next to New Maadi with its narrow and crowd-ed alleyways and back-to-back multi-storey buildings. The wideboulevards and modern high-rises of Mohandessin neighbour thepoor, noisy Boulaq al-Dakrour.

Aerial tripA seminar organised in Cairo by the Goethe Institute—the Ger-

man cultural centre—featured Mohamed Ibrahim, geographicalcommunications systems expert at the German agency for tech-nical co-operation, who took his audience on an aerial trip withGoogle Earth above the skies of Cairo.

It was revealed that one third of Cairo’s poorer districts lie in the

southern suburb of Helwan. At the turn of the 20th century Hel-wan had a reputation as a beautiful wintering spot; its warm sunnyweather and it sulphur springs made it a first class health spa, tosay nothing of its Japanese gardens and splendid Wax Museum.All this changed irrevocably with Egypt’s industrial boom in the1950s and 1960s, when cement, iron and steel factories were builton the outskirts of Helwan and countless related industries sprangup in the vicinity. One of the world’s most beautiful spas turnedinto one of its most polluted areas.

How many square kilometresSquatter areas around greater Cairo expanded by crawling to-

wards the city centre. Google Earth indicated that the establish-

PPPPrrrroooobbbblllleeeemmmmssss oooonnnn hhhhoooolllldddd Cairo’s double-faceCairo’s double-faceCairo’s double-faceCairo’s double-faceCairo’s double-faceCairo’s double-faceCairo’s double-face

ment of Cairo’s underground metro lines has led to an oppositetrend, with squatter areas extending outside greater Cairo.

Dr Ibrahim indicated the features which characterise randomly-built squatter areas, such as narrow roads, a lack of services, densepopulation and poor housing. He added that developers estimatedthese areas in Egypt at some 133 square kilometres, while the gov-ernment placed the figure at a mere 34 square kilometres. A work-shop was arranged to clear up the discrepancy, with 60 peopleworking for almost four months to verify the figures. Results re-vealed that Giza alone was home to some 73 square kilometres ofsquatter residence.

Accurate figures are essential for decision making and budgetallocation, Dr Ibrahim said. He highlighted the importance ofcooperation between the residents of squatter areas and the de-cision makers.

One o’clock in the afternoon of Friday 9March, in one of the narrow streets of the ran-domly built, sprawling district of Imbaba, Giza,a bout of temper led to a horrible crime. AttaAttiya, 55, and his 25-year-old son Magdi wereheading to their poultry shop in their Jeepwhen, as they passed through al-MashrouStreet, their way was blocked by a truck. Theyasked the truck driver to give them way, he re-fused, an argument ensued, followed by insultsand curses, and the rage turned into a streetfight. Passersby, family members and friendsall joined in. Atta and Magdi beat the driverwho then called for a cousin’s help; HamedMehanny Suweif came to the rescue, shot thefather and son dead and ranaway.

The following day saw the po-lice catch the murderer, and thetear-stained family members andfriends of the victims attend thefuneral with burning hearts. Thefamily is a branch of the famousal-Kadareaks of al-Badaari, As-siut, while the killer belongs to theArab Moteirs of Abnoub, also inAssiut. They all come from UpperEgypt, where an eye should ac-count for an eye, a life for a life,and vendetta is held sacred.

Men, not chickensThe victims’ family refused to

accept condolences—a very ob-vious indication of their in-tention to avenge their dead.They accused the police of treat-ing them harshly since EsmatAttiya, the first victim’s son andthe other’s brother, was detaineddirectly after the crime andcharged with possessing an un-licensed weapon, whereas thekiller was only arrested a day lat-er. Attiya was allowed to attendthe funeral service, then releasedon bail. The Attiyas insisted that,unless they revenged their dead,they could never raise theirheads high in dignity. "We losttwo men," one of them told Wa-tani, "not two of the chickensour women breed on the roof-top". When asked about their re-lations with the Muslims in theneighbourhood, they said thatthey maintained perfectly nor-mal relations with them, worked

for space, it is no wonder that disputes ariseregularly.

Sheikh Adel, a butcher on the street toldWatani that Copts were in general thewealthier members of the Imbaba com-munity, and were hence frequently objectsof resentment of the poorer masses. Therewere thus fears that the recent crime wouldtake a sectarian turn since people of thesame religion usually sided with one an-other.

First and, hopefully, last

It was the opinion of the clergy of StMina’s Church of Imbaba that rec-

onciliation was essential in con-taining the crisis, but it couldonly come following a just andfair trial in court. Sheikh Salah,Imam of al-Ikhlas Mosque on thesame street said it was not theright time to push for rec-onciliation with the victims’ fam-ily at the peak of their anger andgrief. It would probably be betterwhen the wrath calms down.

Mamdouh Abdel-Hamid, MPfor Imbaba, told Watani therewere no problems between Mus-lims and Copts in Imbaba. Sec-tarian incidents are the result ofignorance and narrow-mindedness propagated by ex-tremist religious thought, such asthe Wahabi movement, whichfinds fertile ground amid rampantpoverty. Abdel-Hamid calls forNGOs to join clergy to spreadawareness. Copts should play apositive role in the political fieldand should be granted fair repre-sentation in legislative councils,he insisted.

Sobhy al-Qalaawy, deputy ofthe Lawyers Syndicate Com-mittee in Imbaba asserted thatImbaba was rife with problems;eight murders were recently com-mitted in the span of four days.However, he said, this last crimewas the first to involve Copts andMuslims. Let us hope it would bethe last.

Nader ShukryEmad Khalil

with them hand in hand, and didbusiness with them. "This incidenthas nothing to do with religion,"they said.

Ayman al-Hamzawi, head of the In-vestigations Department at Imbaba Police Sta-tion said the crime was the outcome of a streetfight and carried no sectarian implications. Thepolice were in control of the situation, hestressed, and keen on achieving reconciliationbetween the two families since a vendettawould only lead to more crime.

Cause for troubleAhmed Hassan, lawyer of the defendant, said

Suweif had indeed committed acrime, but he had been severely pro-voked. He said the defendant shouldnot be charged with murder, but with

assault which led to death. Hassan hopes rec-onciliation could be managed; the vendetta al-ternative is too bleak to contemplate, he said.Especially that, in vendetta, a head accountedfor a head, meaning that one can expect twodeaths.

At al-Mashrou Street, the scene of the crime,Watani talked to the locals. It takes no effortto realise that the street is in itself a majorcause for trouble. Narrow and crowded, withpedestrians, cars, trucks, and tuk-tuks vying

al-Mashrou Street

in Imbaba

al-Mashrou Street

in Imbaba

al-Mashrou Street

in Imbaba

al-Mashrou Street

in Imbabaal-Mashrou Street

in Imbaba

al-Mashrou Street

in Imbaba

al-Mashrou Street

in Imbaba

In Watani’s editorial of 4 March, itwas mentioned that a Christian manwas sentenced to six years in prison. Itshould read six months. The editorregrets the error.

CORRECTIONCORRECTION

A life for a lifeA life for a lifeA life for a lifeA life for a lifeA life for a lifeA life for a lifeA life for a life

3Watani International18 March 2007

Techno

Can ‘Islam’ be reformed from within, or is Mus-lim violence and hatred due entirely to the teach-ings and history? These were some of the majorissues raised at the Secular Islam Summit in StPetersburg, Florida, last week.

A landmark event, the summit brought togethersuch brave and eloquent defenders of freedom andconscience as the scholar Ibn Warraq (his nom deguerre); Iranian exile and activist BanafashehZand-Bonazzi; Austin Dacy of the Center for In-quiry; as well as many other Muslim and ex-Mus-lim dissidents.

Most were incredible orators, some were en-tertainers, others were deep and mournful think-ers. They included: Egyptian-born Dr. TawfikHamid, who was once a “colleague” of Osamabin Laden’s second in command, Al-Zawahiri;The Gandhi-like Dr. Shahriar Kabir, Bangladesh’sleading human rights activist; Tashbih Sayeed,Pakistan’s foremost opponent of radical Islam, aman of few, but fiery words; Dr. Afshin Ellian, anIranian professor in exile in Holland, a close friendof Aayan Hirsi Ali, and a man of genial wit andwide-ranging knowledge; Egyptian-Palestinian-American author, Nonie Darwish a warm but ab-solutely uncompromising thinker and speaker; andSyrian-American psychiatrist, Wafa Sultan , thewoman who became instantly famous for her de-bate on Al-Jazeera TV. A small, trim woman, sheis a towering speaker, theatrically thrilling and pas-sionate.

Indeed, there were so many excellent speakersthat I cannot do them all justice here. For now, letme focus on only two. The opening speeches weredelivered by Ibn Warraq, a consummate intellec-tual and committed secularist, and Irshad Manji,the best-selling author and a onetime master ofthe spunky sound bite who is now a bit more mod-erate and modest in tone.

Ibn Warraq spoke of the dangers that Muslimsin the Islamic world face for speaking the truthabout Islam, including prison, torture, exile anddeath. Proving his point was the fact that a numberof invitees to the summit from Egypt, Iraq, andSaudi Arabia did not attend after receiving onetoo many death threats or after being told that theirfamilies would be targeted if they chose to attend.Most writers have been stopped in their tracks bysuch Muslim-on-Muslim repression.

Warraq explained that he wants an Islamic “En-lightenment,” à la John Stuart Mill, rather than a“Reformation,” which he considers mere tinker-

Wanted: An Islamic EnlightenmentPhyllis Chesler

ing. He believes that Western values are univer-sal, although he felt that most human rights initia-tives within the West, including the Human RightsCommission in Geneva, are “hopeless” and willnot push sovereign Muslim tyrannies toward re-form. He mourned the fact that the West contin-ues to “apologize for colonialism and racism” andthat Turkey still “refuses to acknowledge the Ar-menian genocide.”

A running theme of Ibn Warraq’s remarks wasthe unjust treatment of Muslims in Islamic coun-tries. For instance, he insisted that “protecting non-Muslims in Muslim societies” is crucial and can“lead to pluralism and tolerance for Muslims aswell.” He called for a “legal recourse” within theIslamic world for the widespread denial of free-dom of speech. He “demanded the re-writing ofanti-American, anti-Israel, and anti-Jewish text-books, especially in Saudi Arabia and Egypt,”adding that he considers such hatred “scandalous.”Warraq also implored “women’s groups in theWest to defend Muslim women”under siege.

In this connection, he assailedthe “inconsistency and hypocrisy ofthe “western multi-culturalists, in-cluding feminists” and stated thatthe “law of the western secular statemust override religious law whenreligious law denies basic humanrights.” Some European police - hementioned Sweden in particular -still return the victims of familyviolence to the families that will killthem. In his view, the “rights ofwomen are central to Islamic reform.” Warraqsummed up his views on reform with the follow-ing credo: “No to female genital mutilation; no toforced and polygamous marriage; no to genderseparatism.”

Irshad Manji spoke next. She began with thewise observation that “courage is not the absenceof fear but the recognition that some things aremore important than fear.” Manji, whose entou-rage included a young woman in hijab, describedherself as a “person of faith but not a dogmatist.”Manji found support for her moderation in a quotefrom the Qur’an, which “tells us to oppose yourfamily” when the truth or true inner struggle is atstake. She pointed out that the “Qur’an says noth-ing about the proper form of government,” whichsuggests that Islam should remain a private faith,not a political movement or a government.

In Manji’s opinion, “this silence is deliberateand gives us room to experiment with a different

form of government.” Calling for “Muslim plu-ralism,” Manji decried theocratic governments. Inthis regard, Manji commented that someone“should tell President Bush that he should not haveempowered the theocrats in Iraq.”

Manji proved an equal opportunity critic. Shecastigated “missionary atheists” who are so “an-gry that they resemble religious fundamentalists.”At the same time, she criticized those Muslimswho are so “submissive to authority that they can-not stand up to (unjust or tyrannical) authority.”Agreeing with Ibn Warraq about the universal na-ture of human rights, she condemned the popularview that we are “not supposed to criticize an-other culture” if we are not part of it.

Manji shared Warraq’s view that “more Mus-lims have been raped, tortured and murdered byother Muslims than by westerners.” Finally, shemade a point that I have made many times - andwhich has gotten me demonized as a “racist” -namely, that so-called western “anti-racists” are

really acting as “racists” when theyhold Muslims to lower standards outof some misguided notion of respect.

There was much more on offer atthe summit. Other subjects of dis-cussion included the war betweenSunni and Shiia Muslims; the natureof jihad; and the Islamic Caliphate.It is worth noting that the tenor ofthe week was very different fromwhat many have come to expectfrom conferences on Islam. The con-ference also presented a declarationin English, Arabic, Bengali and Per-

sian.One might think that the western media would

have flocked to the summit in droves. It’s not everyday, after all, that Muslim reformers and dissidentsgather for a forthright discussion about the trou-bles of Islam and the Islamic world. Such was notthe case, with some notable exceptions. Curiously,both al-Jazeera and al-Arabiya, not previouslyknown for their support of Islamic reform, cov-ered the conference, which aired live and in Ara-bic. It is an unhappy irony that these noble dissi-dents should face ostracism and grave danger inMuslim lands and only to be similarly ignored bythe Western intelligentsia and media.

Nonetheless, the summit was a remarkable suc-cess. As a participant, I was privileged to stand insolidarity with these dissidents. They are our besthope in the fight to win hearts and minds.__________________________FrontPageMagazine (abridged)

The Chinese government announced the formationof a new agency to oversee investment of China’s$1 trillion in foreign currency reserves,representing a potent new force in internationalfinance.

Finance Minister Jin Renqing offered nospecifics about how much of the currency reserveswould be made available to the investment agency.But analysts say the agency is expected to controlone of the world’s biggest investment funds, andone that could singlehandedly alter the value ofmany assets.

The government said one model for the agencywas Temasek Holdings, the Singaporegovernment’s successful investment agency, whichmanages an $84 billion global portfolio ofinvestments.

China already has the world’s largest foreignexchange holdings, and they are growing rapidlybecause of the country’s huge trade surpluses. Mostof the reserves China now accumulates areconservatively invested in U.S. Treasury bonds andother government securities, which earn littlereturn for China yet help to keep interest rates inthe United States and other countries low.

But the investment agency being established willallow China to diversify its foreign exchangeholdings. Analysts say the agency could deployhundreds of billions of dollars to acquire financialor strategic assets around the world, particularlyin developing countries in Africa and LatinAmerica.

“They’re not going to be looking for financialassets, but energy assets and natural resources,minerals — things China desperately needs,” saidJing Ulrich of J.P. Morgan.

China’s currency-exchange reserves are nowheld by its central bank, the People’s Bank ofChina, and most of the reserves are expected tocontinue to be held there, in safe, conservativeinvestments in government securities.

But a large sum of money is expected to beshifted to the new agency or investment group,which could aggressively invest it for higherreturns. Some of the money could even possiblybe used to acquire stocks, corporate bonds or realestate holdings in other parts of the world.

Some financial experts are already talking aboutthe huge potential impact of China’s emergenceas a major global investor, and how that could push

Economy

How Will China Invest Its MassiveForeign Currency Reserves?

Jim Yardleyasset prices higher and create even morecompetition for scarce resources.

But Jin, the finance minister, suggested that thenew investment agency would not simply beallowed to speculate.

“The biggest priority is safety, and under theprinciple of security we will try to will try toincrease the efficiency of management and theinvestments’ returns,” Jin said at his newsconference during the two-week meeting of theNational People’s Congress, the country’s largelyceremonial national legislature.

Andy Rothman, a strategist at CLSA Asia-Pacific Markets, said the government wouldprobably be extremely conservative in how itinvested and would initially use only a smallfraction of its overall reserves. “I think they aregoing to move very, very slowly to diversify whatthey are doing. Nobody should expect thatsuddenly they are going to invest $1 trillion.”

Some analysts say the formation of the newagency means that Beijing is moving away fromheavy reliance on investing in dollars through U.S.Treasury securities, and that could affect interestrates in the United States, which are being keptdown by China’s huge purchases.

But foreign exchange reserves are accumulatingso quickly in China, at more than $20 billion amonth, analysts say, that it’s possible that for thetime being the agency would be operating withonly a small portion of the money nowaccumulating.

China’s foreign exchange holdings are just oneof the latest signs of the country’s spectacular rise— and of its growing influence in the globaleconomy and financial markets.

With that growth have come rising costs foreducation, health care and pension funds. Makinga better return on government holdings, analystssay, will allow the government to cope with someof these problems.

Rothman said the formation of the newinvestment agency should be viewed in the contextof other new government measures, like the recentefforts to pass a private property law and a law toequalize corporate taxes. He said China was tryingto create the legal and regulatory structure tounderpin its still-evolving market economy.

Jin, the finance minister, said the new agencywould answer directly to the State Council, theequivalent of China’s cabinet.__________________________The New York Times (abridged)

Enemies of France should fervently favor the elec-tion of Ségolène Royal as that country’s next presi-dent. The Socialist candidate has unveiled her plat-form, and if this charmingly ignorant hack—hergaffes, especially on foreign policy, are becominglegendary—wins this spring’s election, France’seconomy, now none too robust,will be on a North Korea-like tra-jectory.

Mademoiselle Royal wantsto scrap recently enacted lawsmaking it easier for small com-panies to hire and fire workers.Small businesses are the biggestjob creators, but her prescriptionswill help increase the country’sunemployment rate, which is al-ready about twice that of the U.S.Royal wants to boost France’sjob-killing minimum wage, med-dle even more in its nationalizedelectric industry and increasestate control over the financial and media sectors.Government spending—which makes our levelslook parsimonious—will soar to pay for a raft ofexpensive social, economic and environmentalprograms she’s advocating.

Royal also wants to end the European Cen-tral Bank’s independence by mandating that “eco-nomic growth” will be the primary considerationin setting monetary policy, which in this context

French Elections

Royal Rubbish!

Steve Forbesmeans ginning-up the printing presses. France’sleft-wing femme fatale thinks stable money is theenemy of progress. She’s apparently too young toremember the devastating inflation of the 1970sand early 1980s. Nor does she seem to recall whathappened the last time a French president tooksocialism seriously: In 1981 newly electedFrançois Mitterrand went on a nationalization andtax-hiking binge. France’s currency cratered and

the economy sputtered—so badly thatwithin a couple of years Mitterrandmade an abrupt U-turn.

Royal’s opponent, Interior Min-ister Nicolas Sarkozy, wants to cuttaxes, reduce regulations and scaleback the scope of the state to rev upFrance’s long-anemic economy. Hewould be the most serious reformer thecountry’s had in nearly half a century.Naturally, his crybaby critics whinethat his proposals are nothing morethan “cold, heartless, impoverishingAnglo-American capitalism.”

If Sarkozy pulls off a win, buyFrench equities—and those of Ger-

many and Italy. France will become an innova-tive, dynamic economic player again, andSarkozy’s example could finally, positively shakeup lethargic Germany and Italy. If Royal reigns,however, France and Western Europe will descendinto increasing irrelevance, becoming more andmore museum-like places for tourists.________________Forbes Magazine

It is the greatest newspaper story ever told, and itwas told again last week. In New York the Oscar-winning film-maker James Cameron pulled backa curtain to reveal two cream-coloured limestonecoffins, flown in from Jerusalem. One of them,he said, had once held the recently crucified bodyof Jesus of Nazareth. Another — there are 10 inthe set — had held that of Mary Magdalene.

“It doesn’t get bigger than this,” he said, andthen claimed it did. He had evidence that Jesusand Mary Magdalene had married and that an-other coffin — or “ossuary” — had contained ason, Judah.

It was a scene-stealing performance from theman who swept the Oscars with Titanic in 1998.Indeed, it could hardly have been more dramaticif Cameron had come on stage wearing the Turinshroud.

If true, his claims would fracture the 2,000-year-old pillars of Christian history: the New Testa-ment reports that Jesus rose from the tomb afterthree days — no ossuary necessary — and “after40 days” ascended into heaven. “If Christ is notraised,” said St Paul, who had quite a lot ridingon it, “then our faith is in vain.”

Confusing for booksellers, too: should DanBrown be moved to “factual”? After all, The DaVinci Code also has Jesus getting in the familyway with Mary Magdalene.

Cameron produced the Israeli Antiquities Au-thority to confirm that the 10 ossuaries — or“bone-boxes”, originally dug up in a Jerusalemsuburb in 1980 — were inscribed with a collec-tion of names pointing right back to the originalJesus and Mary. The inscriptions included “Yeshuabar Yosef” (Hebrew: Jesus son of Joseph),“Maria”, “Matia” (Matthew), “Yose” (Joseph),“Mariamene e Mara” (Greek: Mary the teacheror Mary Magdalene) and “Yehuda bar Yeshua”(Aramaic: “Judah son of Jesus”).

Finding just these names on coffins from thesame 1st-century tomb was way too much of acoincidence, said Cameron. “The chances of find-ing that combination together was like finding a

Jesus’ Tomb: Let’s Bury that Idea Straight AwayMartin Wroe grave marked Ringo next to others marked John,

Paul and George.”As a way of promoting his film The Lost Tomb

of Jesus, which airs tonight on the Discovery Chan-nel, he could hardly have done more.

The film, he says, offers “tangible, physical, ar-cheological and in some cases forensic evidence”for the existence of Jesus.

The only snag is that nobody is looking for anyevidence. “I can’t believe how far behind the gamehe is,” says Tom Wright, one of the Church ofEngland’s leading New Testament scholars andnow Bishop of Durham. “Scholars from all reli-gious traditions and none have no doubts that Je-sus lived. The argument is about whether he waswho he said he was.”

As for the statistics and the names, ProfessorGeza Vermes, world authority on the life and timesof Jesus and one of the first to study the 1st-cen-tury Dead Sea Scrolls discovered in 1947, findsCameron’s claims more Hollywood than Jerusa-lem.

“These are such common names of the time thatnothing would oblige you to connect them withthe figures of the New Testament. You’d also haveto assume that Joseph and Mary — who famouslylived in Nazareth — moved to Jerusalem to beburied there.

Now, says Professor Vermes, who calls himselfa “sympathetic agnostic”, “if we had an inscrip-tion saying ‘This is Jesus, son of Joseph, celebratedas the Messiah’, then we might be getting some-where, because why would you need an ossuaryif the body has been raised . . . but I wish I hadn’tsuggested that because it will give someone anidea!”

Bruce Longenecker, New Testament specialistat St Andrews University, knows a thing or twoabout 1st-century names: of all those found in therelevant archeological area, 9% are “Jesus”, 14%“Joseph”, 10% “Judas” and 5% “Matthew”. “It’snot as if they had hundreds of names to choosefrom, so there’s nothing statistically significantabout finding such a grouping in Jerusalem at thetime,” he says.

But if Cameron’s claims are so risible, why theglobal fascination? It’s the paradox of our religious

curiosity in our allegedly secular age, saysLongenecker. “We have such a hunger to find waysof interpreting Jesus that are different to orthodoxdepictions, that artefacts are leapt on and mas-saged, often in rather farfetched ways.”

The most famous 20th-century example was theTurin shroud, which fell from grace in the 1980safter radiocarbon dating suggested it was medi-eval smoke and mirrors. But while an ossuary orshroud can command a global 21st-century audi-ence, down the centuries relics have always beenbox office. Collect all the pieces of the True Crossvenerated in hundreds of European churches andyou could rebuild Noah’s Ark. From Veronica’sVeil (used to wipe the forehead of Jesus) to theCrown of Thorns and the Holy Lance (whichpierced Jesus’s side to confirm his death), relicshave always lured the devout.

“There have been quite a few foreskins of Je-sus,” says Professor Vermes. “And several headsof John the Baptist. The believer wants somethingtangible to confirm their faith, the unbelieverwants the same to disprove it.”

Take it from me, he says, speaking as someonewho knows, “Neither will have it.” History won’tturn up that kind of proof.

But Keith Ward, former regius professor of di-vinity at Oxford University, wonders if the presentfascination with shrouds and tombs is differentfrom religious veneration. Relics offered a senseof devotion because of their perceived link to Je-sus — “like people who collect football shirts”— but “this modern obsession is the opposite”.

“Like The Da Vinci Code, it is the simple desireto shock even when the argument is breathtak-ingly literalistic, ludicrous and superstitious.”

It’s no different from campaigning secularistswho have taken to attacking religious belief, Wardsays. “It’s part of the same syndrome as RichardDawkins and Daniel Dennett, writing shallowbooks which attack Christianity but are still takenseriously. As a scholar, I don’t care if people aren’treligious, but I am dumbfounded at the second-rate thinking.”________________The Sunday Times

BillionairesRank Name Citizenship Age Net Worth

($ Billion)1 William Gates III USA 51 56.02 Warren Buffett USA 76 52.03 Carlos Slim Helu Mexico 67 49.04 Ingvar Kamprad & family Sweden 80 33.05 Lakshmi Mittal India 56 32.06 Sheldon Adelson USA 73 26.57 Bernard Arnault France 58 26.08 Amancio Ortega Spain 71 24.09 Li Ka-shing Hong Kong 78 23.010 David Thomson & family Canada 49 22.011 Lawrence Ellison USA 62 21.512 Liliane Bettencourt France 84 20.713 Alwaleed Bin Talal Alsaud Saudi Arabia 50 20.314 Mukesh Ambani India 49 20.115 Karl Albrecht Germany 87 20.016 Roman Abramovich Russia 40 18.717 Stefan Persson Sweden 59 18.418 Anil Ambani India 47 18.219 Paul Allen USA 54 18.020 Theo Albrecht Germany 84 17.5

62 Naguib Sawiris Egypt 52 10.0158 Onsi Sawiris Egypt 77 5.0226 Nassef Sawiris Egypt NA 3.9664 Samih Sawiris Egypt 50 1.5_____________________Source: Forbes Magazine

Students in history classes at Middlebury Collegethis spring may have to change the way they doresearch for papers or tests. Although they canconsult the online encyclopedia Wikipedia forbackground, they are not allowed to cite it as asource.

Professors who drafted the new policy at theVermont college praise the free website as a“wonderful innovation.” They note the more than1.6 million entries, the up-to-date bibliographies,and the links to relevant, often more reliable sites.But they caution that its open-editing system,which allows anyone to write or edit entriesanonymously, carries a risk of error.

Just this month a dark cloud fell overWikipedia’s credibility after it was revealed thata trusted contributor who claimed to be a tenuredprofessor of religion was actually a 24-year-oldcollege dropout. He was also one of the appointed“arbiters” who settled disputes betweencontributors.

For the many “wiki”-type sites – ones thatcompile knowledge with volunteers – such anethical misstep would be a test of their ability forinternal correction. But it also reinforces educators’warnings to students to be “informationallyliterate” in how to use the six-year-old Wikipediaand to rely more on the thousands of more-scholarly databases online.

Wikipedia not only challenges the concept ofwhat an encyclopedia is; it also raises an intriguingquestion: What qualifies as intellectual authorityin an age of information overload, when societyrelies increasingly on the Internet?

Some critics are troubled by what they regardas a tendency on the Web to value anonymous,collective thought over individual intellect. Someclaim Wikipedia devalues traditional scholarship.Supporters counter that the online encyclopedia’sconstant and easy revision of articles onlystrengthens their credibility. Fans also praiseWikipedia for “democratizing” knowledge, pitting

pedigreed academics against amateur scholars.Globalization and technology are creating other

socio-cultural changes that challenge old notionsof expertise. When people can now more easily,say, sell a house, write a will, or file a complextax return, they defer less to authorities, amongthem lawyers, clergy, teachers, and otherprofessionals.

The Internet’s ability to empower individualswith an illusion of infinite knowledge challengeseven notions of reality. Like Pontius Pilate’squestion – What is truth? – supporters ofWikipedia are asking “Whose truth?”

Is information on the site absolute fact or simplya matter of group consensus? Is any informationaccurate only by agreement of those with extensivecredentials using peer review, or do the masseshave a voice?

If other schools follow Middlebury’s lead, thecollective effect could encourage Wikipedia toraise its standards. Scholars, too, might benefitfrom using “wiki” practices, such as open accessand wider input.

Middlebury’s policy serves as a reminder aboutthe need to carefully sift any information on theInternet. Over time, users will force sites likeWikipedia to build up the same trust andreputations now granted to established institutionssuch as universities or old-style encyclopedias.Truth, like truthfulness, must be demonstrated._____________________________Christian Science Monitor, editorial

Wikipedia’s Sticky WicketInternet

Irshad Manji

Fourth

Forum

of Arabic

Reform

at the

Bibliotheca

Alexandrina

public of China to the Middle East and from the United States of America toAfrica. The author applies his extraordinary gifts as a narrator, vividly cap-turing the lives of ordinary people as they struggle to live, to fight and to dothe right thing: most of his characters manage none of these. In a string ofshort stories we follow a British family in the Far East who travel alone, andcollide with the ruthless side of the country, slowly becoming complicit inits appalling violence. Another narrative describes an oil worker in a dustyCentral Asian village who knows that he can control a local beauty. A fur-ther account presents a ploddingly respectable London lawyer who chancesupon a stash of cocaine and discover that it offers him the wealth and statushe is longing for. In the American Midwest we have a narrative of a devotedhousewife who finds herself strangely compelled to betray her husband andfamily.

Matthew Kneale transports all readers across many frontiers in an in-stant, setting the foreign and the familiar side by side and challengingour understanding of both. This collection gains momentum until theworld seems to be unravelled to us in a new way.

The beautifully crafted short story entitled White is under twenty pagesin length. It is concerned with a suicide activist; out to destroy others andwilling to annihilate himself as a martyr. The main character is called Yu-nis. He carries the title of the tenth Surah of the Qur’an because he isnamed after the biblical character Jonah, who is known as dhu al-Noon,‘Lord of the fish’. Perhaps we are looking at one who is lost in a belly ofdarkness. Yunis will at first be confident as the story opens, then lackingsufficient conviction as the narrative moves forward, but ultimately he islost as the tale shifts to its conclusion. Yunis has certainly worked with theQur’an, though perhaps he does not embrace it properly as a religious text,but as a repetitive score for brainwashing. In his approaching end as a sui-cide bomber Yunis felt geared up and serene: ‘Today all would be perfect:today God would lead him forward to make everything white.’ But, in ahasty change through only a few pages of uncertainty and anxiety, hisconfidence has vanished: ‘Was this what God wanted, that he shouldmake these ones white?’ There are no essential geographical, theologicalor emotional boundaries in this kind of storytelling, though those who in-fluence Yunis most do tell him that by suicide bombing he is doing ‘some-thing beautiful’ that will ‘make history.’ The pain of loneliness haunts Yu-nis. So does the mesmerising vision of his much-loved Jewish girlfriendRachel, with the more compassionate remembrance of his dyspeptic uncleIbrahim. Hurtful thoughts weigh him down and Yunis questions if he iseven in the hands of God. Yunis has no peace. Accompanying an or-thodox Jew on a bus to Tel Avis, Yunis thought, ‘I can make you white.’But he was already threatened inwardly concerning the absurdity of sui-cide bombing. Could he even think of Paradise? Did God want life, not

death? Readers must read the story and should not be told the ending. White is

the kind of story which can affect us most of all.

The Revd. Dr. John H. Watson is an Anglican priest who has been writing thefortnightly Coptophile Column for Watani International since 2002. He is the

author of several books including Among the Copts (2000), Christians Ob-served (2004), and Listening to Islam (2005).

Watani International2 18 March 2007

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Professor Richard Dawkins may not be the most popular person amongst peo-ple of ‘religion’ but he certainly knows about the tragedies that affect the re-ligious.

Fiction too can express the same tragedy of Geriniol. Matthew Kneale’s finecollection of short stories, "Small Crimes in an Age of Abundance" (Picador,London 2005) takes us on a journey around today’s uncertain world. The narra-tion moves from the United Kingdom to South America, from the Peoples Re-

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The ‘citizenship’

whimGeorge Riad

The Coptophile Column

The Muslim Brothers on

citizenship concepts

Despite glowing declarations by leadingfigures of the Muslim Brotherhood (MB) on citizenshiprights and equality, the movements’ actual stances yieldnegative indications.

Unethical rightsIn the recent parliamentary discussions on Constitutional

amendments, MB representatives strongly opposed incl-uding the concept of citizenship in the Constitution, des-cribing it as a bizarre, heretic notion. MP Ragab Abu-Zeidsaid "the concept of citizenship was coined in the West; itimplies separation of religion and State [an anathema forthe MB]. The political climate in Egypt cannot acc-ommodate this." MP Hamdi Hassan, the MB spokesman inParliament, said the term ‘citizenship’ was ambiguous andelastic, and was rejected by the MB. The MB, he said,believed the aim to insert a ‘citizenship’ clause in the Con-stitution was to counter the Second Article which stipulatesthat Egypt is a Muslim State and that Islamic shari’a orjurisdiction is the main source of legislation. The concept ofcitizenship, he said, involved ‘unethical’ rights.

ContradictoryBased upon MB declarations, one can claim no under-

standing of the movement’s real intentions. Their recentannouncements about establishing a political party basedupon citizenship rights and allowing Coptic membershipare still fresh in mind. Prominent MB leader Essam al-Erian said the MB did not reject citizenship and did notobject to its inclusion in the Constitution. He suggested adraft of the First Article to read: "Egypt is a democraticcountry with equal opportunity, rights and duties for all,insuring freedom, justice and dignity". Erian thus directlycontradicted Hassan.

The MB should figure out a way to clear up such contra-dictions. Otherwise, one is bound to look for an explanationbased upon past experience, which in no way supportsequality or citizenship concepts.

Saadawi, who receiveddeath threats for her liber-al books and articles onwomen’s rights. Saadawirecently left Egypt for theUnited States as a visitingprofessor at the Universityof Michigan.

Osama Ghazali Harb, amember of the nationalcouncil for human rights,said that using mediatechnology and satellitebroadcasting to exhibitwomen as sexual objectsfostered harassmentagainst them.

Right to decent lifeOn the second day, Mar-

ianne Mishreqi spokeabout the importance ofthe right of poor people tolead a decent life. She sug-gested, for instance, thatthe less well-off should

have an equal opportunity of acquiringloans.

During the session of humanrights and development, Gehad al-Khazen, editor-in-chief of Al-Hayatnewspaper, warned of the gravity ofreligious war in the Arab region. Hefeared civil war between the Shiiasand Sunnis in Iraq, and added that itwas easy to defend Islam, but notthrough posters issued by Muslimsin some European countries whichused the motto "Kill Islam’s en-emy". This gave an indication of

It will be obvious to all religious people in the modern world – ofwhatever faith system – that any religious belief is now rigorouslyquestioned. In modern literature – fact or fiction – religion is in thedock.

Patricia Hampl, from St. Paul, Minnesota wrote Virgin Time: Insearch of the contemplative life, and more recently (Granta 87Autumn 2004) produced a remarkable essay entitled Pilgrim. Hamplhad been to Israel as part of a ‘friendship mission’ and the tour in-cluded places like the historic fortress of Masada, the famed literarycaves of Qumran, East Jerusalem, Caesarea and many other sites.Just one incident in the tour of the ‘friendship mission’ affected her.She had been a little dehydrated and two female members of the‘mission’ who were not believers instructed her to keep drinkingSprite from a can. Patricia Hampl drank the Sprite and then, feelingthe grainy champagne of this fizzy drink, she felt it spark throughher. From that moment on she suddenly knew that she was not dying.The ladies were firm in response: "They had attested stoutly to theiratheism as to a matter of basic hygiene. Culture – yes, they had said.But religion? – A ruinous mixture of nonsense and trouble. Evil, onehad said." In the Concise Oxford Dictionary there are at least fivedefinitions of the word ‘religion.’ Hampl was trained through yearsof Roman Catholic schooling and surely knew what ‘religion’ is, butdefining the word in modern times has become a much greaterproblem for any believer of any kind anywhere.

The reshuffling of letters from a single word or a sentence, whichwe call an anagram, has often successfully produced marvellouspuzzles and games. One approved choice has always been the ad-aptation of "total abstainers" to "sit not at ale bars." In October2005, Richard Dawkins, who is professor of the public under-standing of Science at Oxford University, created his own anagram,which is likely to survive everlastingly! "Gerin Oil (or Geriniol togive it its scientific name) is a powerful drug which acts directly onthe central nervous system to produce a range of characteristic symp-toms, often of an antisocial or self damaging nature. If administeredchronically in child hood, Gerin oil can permanently modify thebrain to produce adult disorders, including dangerous delusionswhich have proved very hard to treat."

Dawkins explains that Geriniol is readily obtainable anywhere inthe world. A prescription is not needed. It is traded on the streets andin purpose-built structures. The distributors occupy influential posi-tions and have the attention of presidents and prime ministers.Geriniol has tax-exempt status. Schools using the drug are subsidised andchildren are often hooked on the substance, with a harmful prognosis fortheir adult minds. Dawkins reported that he was prompted to write his ar-ticle because of the smiling face of a man in Bali, who ecstatically greetedthe news of his execution in court because he had murdered large numbersof innocent holidaymakers. The drugged man punched the air, ‘deliriouswith joy’ when he knew that he was about to become a Geriniol ‘martyr’.

The Coptophile Column

terrorism, he said.Mr Khazen stressed the importance

of development in the Arab region,mentioning that there were two bil-lion people who had no sewerage ser-vice while 1.2 billion did not haveclean drinking water.

Mohamed Fayeq, secretary-generalof the Arab organisation for humanrights, referred to the problem of inc-reasing corruption in Arab states andsaid that—along with poverty—itwas one of the major obstacles in theway of development. Fayek said that,across the world, 850 million peoplewere starving and another two billionare suffering from malnutrition. "Thecost of education in the countries ofThird World is $6 billion, whilecosmetics in the US cost $8 billion,"Mr Fayeq pointed out.

HonoursIn the closing session names of the

winners were announced of the prizein the name of Dr Adel Abu-Zahra.The environment Prize went to theDevelopment Association in the vil-lage of Gharabawi, the empowermentfor women’s prize to the Future As-sociation for Development, and theprize for creativity to the Gudran(Walls) Institution for Arts and De-velopment in Alexandria. The CopticEvangelical Association for socialservices in Cairo won the prize offree expression, and the special prizewent to Tamer Bahaa’eddin Anis,founder of the first civil associationfor deaf-mute people.

Nevine Kameel

The Fourth Forum ofArab Reform at theBibliotheca Alex-andrina was attendedby more than 700 in-tellectuals, writers andpoliticians from 18Arab nations as well asrepresentatives of sev-eral organisations.

The forum, which wasopened by the library’sdirector, Dr Ismail Serageddin, ad-dressed the vital issues of humanrights, the status of women, and de-velopment.

Dr Serageddin said that the liber-alisation of individuals led to thefreedom of society as a whole. In oth-er words, society could never bestrong unless its members were incontrol of their due rights and free-dom. The Arab world, Dr Serageddinadded, tended to reject plurality inpolitics, opinion and religion.

The second sexThe liveliest session of the three-

day conference was the one whichdiscussed "Violence against women".Gaber Asfour said women faced dis-crimination on political, religious,cultural, and educational levels. Theintellectual and politician Mona Mak-ram Ebeid said that the moral vi-olence women faced was in no wayless cruel than physical violence. DrEbeid referred to Egyptian feminist,physician and writer Nawal al-

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Watani International4

Watani International 3

18 March 2007

18 March 2007

Pope Shenouda IIIPope Shenouda III

Translated by: Dr Wedad Abbas

Contemplation on (Jn17); the soliloquy be-tween the Lord Christ and God the Father: Hesaid to he Father, "I have glorified You on theearth…

"I have finished the work which You giv-en Me to do"

The Lord Christ glorified the Father, notby words but by work.

He gave us an example of glorifying bywork, not by tongue. He repeatedly said,"My food is to do the will of Him whosent Me, and to finish His work." (Jn4: 34;6: 38: 17: 4).

He did not say I have done it, but He said"I have finished it":

This shows that He did it perfectly; for Hewas perfect in fulfilling the Father’s will, andin revealing to the people the Father’s will.So, on the cross, having completed the Re-demption, He said, "It is finished".

Can you as well say the same to the Lordas the Lord said it to the Father? Probablyyou mean:

You, O Lord, have started the work withYour grace, and I only finished it.

With my knowledge I can do nothing; foryou have said, "Without Me you can do noth-ing." (Jn15: 5) And as Your apostle said, "Forit is God who works in you both to will andto do for His good pleasure." (Phil2: 13) It isYou, Lord, who paid for this work, and I fin-ished it also by you.

Or rather, it is You, O Lord, who fin-ished this work by Yourself and ascribed itto me, out of Your humbleness.

You always do this. You gave us the lawand the commandments, but you called it "thelaw of Moses" (Jn7: 23) You said, "Mosescommand to give a certificate of divorce,""Moses, because of the hardness of yourhearts, permitted you to divorce…" (Mt19: 7,8) Actually it is you, O Lord, who com-manded and permitted, but you ascribed it toMoses! It is the same when You permit that amiracle be worked by one of Your martyrs orsaints, so that people may love him while thepower with which he did it is Yours. PerhapsI may say:

The work which You gave me to do, Idid take part with You in finishing it.

I have communion with the Holy Spiritwho works within me, through me, and withme, as St. Paul said about himself and Apol-los, "we are God’s fellow workers," "I plant-ed, Apollos watered, but God gave the in-crease." (1Cor3: 6-9) If this is the case ofsuch two great saints, how much rather weshould say?

The work You have finished, and I was amere tool in Your hand.

Indeed, not unto us, O Lord, but Your namegive glory (Ps115: 1)! Who am I to say that Ihave finished any work? It is You who beginand who finish; who give the desire, the will,and the power. You take part with Your ser-vants in every good work.

The words of the Lord reveal full hon-esty in work and in life..

But what is the work which God gave us todo? Part of it is for ourselves, to sanctify our-selves. The other part is for the others, to leadthem to God. That is why St. Paul said to hisdisciple Timothy:

"Take heed to yourself and to the doc-trine. Continue in them, for in doing thisyou will save both yourself and those whohear you." (1Tim4: 16)

So, God gave you: yourself and the doc-trine, and He wants you to be honest re-garding both responsibilities.

Perfection in all responsibilities: Perfection in the ministry as well.Have you finished all your responsibilities

towards your family, your studies, your work,and your social and personal duties, and at thesame time you have not forgotten your spir-itual practices and your attachment to God?

Take for example Joseph the Righteous.He was watchful over himself, keen on

keeping himself chaste, so he said, "How thencan I do this great wickedness, and sin againstGod?" (Gen39: 9) Also towards the others, hewas perfect, and he was a means of life toeverybody in his epoch. The work which Godgave him was to be minister of provisions andsent to him preserve life (Gen45: 5). He alsowas perfect in his work in the house of Pot-iphar, and the Lord made all he did to prosperin his hand (Gen39: 3), and the same hap-pened when he was in prison. The Psalmisttherefore said about the righteous that "what-ever he does shall prosper." (Ps1: 3) But meresuccess in life is not enough, for perfection isrequired in every work.

Have you done perfectly your duty,whether social or spiritual, towards yourfamily?

What about God’s commandments whichHe requires you to talk of them when you sitin your house and when you walk, and toteach them diligently to your children (Deut6:7)? See what the Lord said:

I have manifested Your name:I have manifested it to those you have giv-

en Me…They were Yours, You gave themto Me, and they have kept Your word (Jn17:6). Yea, how often did the Lord speak tothem about the heavenly Father, His care,and His love!

Have you, likewise, manifested His nameto the people?

I fear you sometimes feel ashamed of themention of His name and hide yourself. Seehow David the Prophet took pride in theLord, saying, "I will speak of Your tes-timonies also before kings," (Ps119: 46) "Iwill lift up my hands in Your name. My soulshall be satisfied as with marrow and fat-ness." (Ps63: 4, 5).

Your name, O Lord, is my sweet song andthe focus of my talk with the others. I findpleasure in speaking to them about You.

Beloved is Your name, wherever I go Imention it, because I love You and I lovethem, so I want them to love You. Many peo-ple, when meeting, speak on various subjects,and only remember God when they are facingsome problems so that God may solve them.

The example of David the Prophet andGoliath the Valiant:

Everybody was speaking about the man whohad come up, his huge body, his power, hisweapon, his threats, the fear of the army fromhim, and the king promised reward reward forwhoever kills him (1 Sam17: 25). No one men-tioned God! But young David came and man-ifested God’s name to the people and to Go-liath in a way full of faith. David said, "Who isthis uncircumcised Philistine, that he shoulddefy the armies of the living God?" (1Sam17:26, 36) And when king Saul tried to warn himthat it was difficult because he was a youth andhe a man of war from his youth, David toldhim how God helped him when a lion and abear attacked him while keeping the sheep.Then he said to Saul, the Lord who deliveredme from the paw of the lion and…of the bear,He will deliver me…" So, he drew near to thePhilistine and said, "You come to me with asword, with a spear, and with a javelin. But Icome to you in the name of the Lord ofhosts…This day the Lord will deliver you intomy hand…that all the earth may know thatthere is a God in Israel…Then all this assemblyshall know that the Lord doe not save withsword and spear, for the battle is the Lord’s,and He will give you into our hands."

Because the name of the Lord is im-portant, we put it in the beginning of the re-quests in the Lord’s Prayer. "Hallowed beYour name".

We can reveal its holiness by manifesting tothe people His greatness and sublimity, Hiseternity and unlimitedness, His holiness, per-fection, and omnipotence, His wonders andmiracles, His love and His care for us. We singto Him, saying:

Sweet and blessed is Your name, on themouths of Your saints.

Beloved is Your name; it is my meditationall day long, as the Psalmist says (Ps119).However, you should not only manifest Hisname to the people, but manifest it in such away that they may love Him, follow Hisways and keep His commandments.

So the Lord said in His soliloquy, "…andthey have kept Your word," "I have declared tothem Your name, and will declare it, that thelove with which You loved Me may be inthem, and I in them." (Jn17: 6, 26).

Whom You have given Me. Who arethose?

Anybody that You brought into My way, thatYou let Me meet with, or let him come to Me,not only the twelve, my own whom I loved tothe end, but also the multitude on the mount,the crowd, Zacchaeus the tax-collector whoclimbed up the tree (Lk19: 4), Nicodemus whowas afraid of the Jews (Jn3: 1, 2), and Marthawho was worried about many things while onething only in need (Lk10: 41).

It is a lesson to every minister: to manifestname of the Lord to the people, to every-body:

To everybody, not only in Jerusalem and inJudea, but also in Samaria and to the end of theearth (Acts1: 8), far to Gentiles (Acts22: 21)."As you have testified for Me in Jerusalem, soyou must also bear witness in Rome." (23: 11)

But beware Lest your works make people blaspheme

against the good name which you manifestto them, as St. Paul rebuked the Romans(Rom2: 24). You should manifest God’s nameby your life, not by mere words for people willnot be impressed by words not supported by alife attached to God. As St. John says, "In thisthe children of God and the children of the dev-il are manifest." (1Jn3: 10). Now let me askyou frankly:

How many people got to know God’sname through you?

What is your harvest of those who knewGod’s name through you and whom you led toHim, who remember their meeting with youand remember God’s name that was the subjectof the meeting—especially those who had noattachment to God before, who have not setGod before them (Ps54)? See also what theLord said:

"I kept them in Your name. Those whomYou gave Me I have kept; and none of themis lost." (Jn17: 12).

So, you ought, not only to manifest God’sname to the people, but also to keep them inHis name; that is, to watch God’s work in theirlife so that the love with which He loved youmay be in them, and that no one may perish.

"Holy Father, keep through Your name thosewhom You have given Me." (Jn17: 11)

Let them not fall away from that name. Soalso the Lord said about His sheep, "I givethem eternal life, and they shall never perish,neither shall anyone snatch them out of Myhand…no one is able to snatch them out of MyFather’s hand." (Jn10: 28, 29).

Do you do that for those whom the Lord hasgiven you? Do you pray for them and offerburnt offerings on their behalf as Job the right-eous used to do for his children (Job1: 5)?Brother, do this and you will live.

Those whom the Lord gave you are Hisown children.

The Lord said, "They were Yours, You gavethem to Me, and they have kept Your word."(Jn17: 6) As for you, keep the gift; they areHis, and they are entrusted to you. Keep themin His name. But who are they? They are notonly your household:

He gave you friends, colleagues, ac-quaintances, neighbors, and many others.

Are you ashamed to mention the Lord’sname to them? Do you think His name will an-noy those who like to lead a life of amusementand pleasure? Nay, it will awaken them.

You have only to sow the seed on al types ofland: that with thorns, or which has no depth(Mt13). Who knows? Perhaps the seed falls ongood land and it will give fruit. Put before youthe words of the Lord: "I have declared to themYour name, and will declare it, that the lovewith which You loved Me may be in them, and Iin them." May the Lord be with you, with yourwords, your ministry, and with the seeds yousow. May you hear Him say to you, "Blessedshall be the produce of your ground (Deut28: 4).

should turn off their mobile phones so as not to interrupt the meet-ing, when suddenly his own cell phone rang loudly. He quicklyturned it off in embarrassment, and everyone laughed. He also told

of the time when they went to the beach and one old lady took off her shoesand waded into the water. She apparently enjoyed it so much that she gotvery wet and lost her shoes. Luckily, someone had an extra jacket for herand she did not catch cold.

Much effortThen it was time for the play. The audience kept silent when the per-

formance started, appreciating how much effort their colleagues had put intoit. The play was about Simon, who was one of the 70 Jewish scholars whoare said to have translated the Torah from Hebrew into Greek in Alexandriain the second century BC, during the Ptolemaic era. Tradition has it thatSimon lived on to a ripe old age until he witnessed the Baby Jesus beingtaken into the temple by Mary and Joseph. The most moving part in the playwas when Simon recited the well-known verse: "Lord, now lettest thou thyservant depart in peace, according to thy word. For mine eyes have seen thysalvation which thou hast prepared before the face of all people. A light tolighten the Gentiles and the glory of thy people Israel."

Mr Sorour Hanna, who played the role of Simon, told Watani that heloved acting and that his wife, children and grandchildren, as well as FatherSergious, encouraged him a lot.

Invigorating"I am extremely happy since this is the first time I have ever acted," Mrs

Margaret, who played the role of Simon’s friend, said. Her husband, MrHelmi, who played a Roman soldier, said that he forgot a few lines duringthe performance, but the audience’s encouragement gave him the push tofocus and continue.

Father Sergious encourages the old people not only to take part in theactivities but also to continue learning. He encouraged Mr Said Rawi to gaindegrees in theology and Coptic language from the Coptic Clerical College.

I left the party feeling happy, invigorated, and deeply moved. In Egypt,such elderly people who are no longer able to work are usually swept to oneside. They frequently succumb to loneliness, a sure formula for more illnessand disability. St Joseph’s has succeeded in providing them with a warmcommunal life that props up their spirits and enlivens their days.

In contemplating the life of an artist, one looksfor the prints he or she has left on the nation’s his-tory and the satisfaction and pleasure his art gave.Works of art, critical articles and art books arespoken registers through which the observer canlearn about his art, his life, the environment inwhich he grew up, and reflect the artist’s ability toreconcile to the sufferings of life.

Salah Taher (1911 – 2007) graduated from Cai-ro’s School of Fine Arts in 1934. From then on,never ceased painting or creating. His work be-came well known in the 1930s and remained pop-ular; and his personality, his quiet, simple smile,his patience and love of art always shone through.

TeacherTaher started out as an art teacher at the Ab-

basiya School in Alexandria, where he met andmingled with other artists of the Alexandriaschool. There he held the second of his exhibi-tions, a major step forward. His style was ver-satile; he moved between different artistic schools

such as the academic, impressionist, and roman-tic, yet presenting his subjects as coherent groups.Appointed a professor of higher studies at theSchool of Fine Arts, he became head of the LuxorAtelier in 1944. In 1953 he returned to Cairo todirect the Museum of Modern Art.

In 1959 he was appointed personal assistant tothe Minister of Culture, and in 1961 as a managerto the General Administration of Fine Arts. Helater became president of the Cairo Opera House.

Taher was an artistic adviser at Al-Ahram from1966 until his death. In 1984 he headed theSociety of Lovers of Fine Arts. In 1998 YasserSaif established an NGO, Society of the Lovers ofSalah Taher, which lists his works in order toprotect them against loss or plagiarism.

Not isolatedSalah Taher was a leading member of Egypt’s

20th-century contemporary abstract school. Hewas also one of the few who specialised in the artof portrait painting with its distinguished, multi-vision style.

In the United States, Taher saw contemporaryart and tried his best to keep up with scientific andtechnological development. He believed that artcould not be isolated from material or emotionalreality. His unique paintings are distinguished bytheir magnificent lines and creative colours, andexpress various subjects inspired from an archi-tectural heritage. His own philosophy is apparentfrom his library, which contains books in variousfields: literature, art, astronomy, music, medicineand yoga, which he practiced. All those interestswere brought within his range as an artist and apersonality, in his speech, in his lectures and inhis art. Taher’s wife Aida was a sculptor, and hisonly son Ayman Taher is also an artist.

Mary MansourEvery couple of weeks, the older members of the congregation ofSt George’s Church in Heliopolis gather together for a prayermeeting—named after St Joseph who, according to tradition, washimself an old man—presided over by Father Sergious Sergious.

Unusual ideaThe group sessions were founded by Father Sergious’ late wife, Mrs

Minervat, who used to arrange for young people to give parties to entertainthe elderly. Just before one such party the young people cancelled at the lastminute, and it was then that Mrs Minervat suggested that the seniors them-selves arrange an evening of entertainment. At the time it seemed an unusualidea, and the elderly were rather shy and diffident at the thought of acting,singing or performing. But they apparently liked the idea and quickly inter-acted, learnt to work as a team, and embarked on their training. One of themwrote a script for a play, and they all joined in with enthusiasm.

The meetings were suspended when Mrs Minervat died, but resumedshortly afterwards under the supervision of Father Sergious. He stressedthat a life of thanksgiving and faith was greatly related to happiness, con-tentment and peace, and was the only cure for depression. He added that anold person had to thank God for the long and fruitful life He had given himto glorify His name.

SpontaneityI had the pleasure of attending one of St Joseph’s prayer meetings. Mrs

Zeizaf, the oldest member of the group, took the stage to give the openingaddress. Mrs Zeizaf, who walks with a stick, suddenly exclaimed: "Do I haveto remain standing during my speech?" So Father Sergious rushed to offerher a chair, telling the audience how grateful everyone was to have her backwith them after a bout of serious illness. "Her presence with us today isalmost a miracle," he said. Mrs Zeizaf was happy and said proudly, "Thismeeting makes me feel 20 years younger." She talked of her happiness whenthey all gathered for breakfast after Holy Mass. Everyone clapped so hardwhen she finished that she said, beaming, "Shall I say it over again?"

A huge cake was brought in to celebrate the birthdays of those who wereborn that month, and everyone sang "Happy birthday to you".

Mr Sorour, one of the group members, then presented the latest news. Helisted their parties and picnics, and spoke of amusing situations they hadfound themselves in, like the time Father Sergious demanded that everyone

Young at 70

Wagdy Habashy

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As Egypt celebrates Mother’s day

next Wednesday, Watani celebrates by

sharing time with some wonderful

mothers and grandmothers—and why

not fathers and grandfathers too?

As Egypt celebrates Mother’s day

next Wednesday, Watani celebrates by

sharing time with some wonderful

mothers and grandmothers—and why

not fathers and grandfathers too?

C'est avec beaucoup de tendresse et d'émotion que je te rends cet hom-mage.

Merci de m'avoir donné ton cœur, ta beauté, ton temps, tu sais mamanque même si j'ai grandi j'ai toujours besoin de ton amour, de ta tendresse,de tes bras, de ta voix.

Que de sacrifices dans ton cœur, que d'efforts, que de travail et qued'amour. Le Bon Dieu est certes au courant de ton immense dévouement.jamais je ne t'ai vue te plaindre. Pour toi maintenant c'est le repos bienmérité. Maintenant, tu dois être l'invitée d'honneur au banquet de l'Eter-nité. Là-haut tu dois être comblée, choyée, tu dois être couverte de douceuret papa et tous ceux qui t'ont précédé doivent être de la partie pour par-tager avec toi ce juste retour de tes bontés.

Maman ! Tu étais chère et Tu occupais une grande place dans moncœur. Tu étais force de vie malgré ton chagrin et ta grande solitude par-fois.

Tu as fermé les yeux Maman, pour toujours. Mon cœur et mon esprit sedressent vers le ciel pour t'offrir un bouquet de roses éternelles.

Par tes mains tu m'as appris ce qu'était le travail. Par tes mains j'aicompris aussi que l'on pouvait semer la joie en aimant travailler. Tu necessais de dire combien c'était important pour toi de nous montrer que letravail ne tue pas.

J'ai appris de toi tout ce qu'une bonne personne et mère doit savoir pourêtre appréciée. J'ai appris à faire tant de choses comme tu pouvais si bienme le dire : " Quand tu fais quelque chose, fais-le bien et met beaucoupd'amour dans ce que tu entreprends. "

Maman, je ne t'oublierai jamais, tu restes dans mon coeur. Le jour de tafête, mon cœur et mon esprit se dressent vers le ciel pour t'offrir un bou-quet de roses éternelles.

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Watani Francophone6 18 Mars 2007

Dans le cadre du programme " Génération

musiques ", le Centre français de culture et decoopération, Mounira, avec le soutien de " Cul-tures France "- ministère des Affaires étrangères, en partenariat avec le Centre Saqqiet Al Sawiau Caire et le Centre culturel jésuite d'Alex-andrie, propose pour la Journée internationale dela Francophonie, une festivité musicale, avec legroupe français " Kaolin ". le groupe Kaolin avecson nom d'argile, est composé d'un quatuor mu-sical: Guillaume Cantillon (Chant et basse), Lud-wig Martins dit Lulu et Julien Cantillon (guitare etchant) et Olivier Valty. Le groupe Kaolin se dis-tingue par un style de musique à mi-chemin entrele rock et la pop et par la qualité poétique de sestextes. Créé à la fin des années 90, le groupeKaolin, aux influences musicales diverses maisaux textes résolument attachés à leur langue ma-ternelle, s'est fait connaître du grand public enassurant les premières parties de Dolly, Sté-réophoniques et de Jean-Louis Murat ainsi quepar un passage très remarqué aux " Trans-musicales " de Rennes en 2002.

Originaires de Montluçon, le groupe Kaolinreste attaché à leur Auvergne natale et continu-ent de répéter dans cette ville. Kaolin a réussi,par excellence, à conquérir beaucoup d'oreillescitadines, précisément à Auvergne, ravies depouvoir s'ouvrir à un genre nouveau : bien plusque du post-rock. Ce groupe plane au-dessus dela mêlée des autres groupes français, étant don-né qu'il possède un style qui peut s'apparentertantôt au post-rock le plus atmosphérique, tantôtà un power pop rageux, mais dans tous les casavec un sens de la mélodie qui les préserve detoute étiquette simpliste et réductrice. Il était

Conférence" Pratiques funéraires en Egypte gréco-romaine : l'ex-

ploration des nécropoles de l'oasis de Kharga " est le titrede la conférence qui sera donnée par Françoise Dumand,professeur émérite d'Histoire des religions à l'Universitéde Strasbourg et Directrice des fouilles d'El Deir (oasis deKharga). La conférence sera donnée en traduction si-multanée français-arabe. Le 21 mars, à 18h30, à l'auditor-ium du CFCC, Mounira.

Cinéma " Le lait de la tendresse humaine ", une comédie dramatiquefrançaise de Dominique Cabera, avec Marilyne Canto, Dom-inique Blanc et Patrick Bruel. Il s'agit d'un film qui relate l'his-toire de Christelle qui a trente ans et qui travaille dans la ré-gion de Besançon. Elle vient dedonner naissance à une fille, Cendrine,après avoir eu deux fils, Rémi et Céd-ric. Christelle ne parvient pas à faireface à ce que cette naissance supposecomme changements dans sa vie. Elles'enfuit de chez elle. C'est la voisine dudessus, Claire, une bibliothécaire, quila recueille. Celle-ci prend soin deChristelle, l'écoute. Sa vie en sera bou-leversée. Le film sera sous-titré en arabe. Le 21 mars, à20h30, à l'auditorium du CFCC, Mounira.

Films d'animation Dans le cadre du cycle "Courts de Récré", une série defilms d'animation seront projetés le 18 mars, au Centrefrançais de culture et de coopération, Mounira. Les filmsseront Le manie-tout de Georges Le Piouffle, Poteline deChloé Miller, Fond de teint de Marie-Louise Mendy et Ma-rottes de Benoît Razy et Les crayons de Didier Barcelo (le11 mars). Ce dernier film traite d'une jolie petite fille amou-reuse d'un garçon écrit dans son journal intime. Elle utilisedes crayons à dessin. Les objets peuvent-ils ressentir desémotions? Il semblait que oui…".A 18h30.

donc évident que le groupe Kaolin choisit commepour l'un de ses albums, le titre de Mélanger lescouleurs, lancé sur marché en 2006. Sans oub-lier ses deux autres albums: Allez (2002 - Rose-bud Barclay) et De retour dans nos criques (2004- Rosebud Barclay), au titre "bucolique". Les pa-roles des chansons du groupe Kazolin peuventparaître idéalistes, mais sont d'une grande poé-sie, d'un rare esthétisme et avec toujours unepart de rêve. Son approche esthétique de la mu-sique se répercute sur ses pochettes d'albums et

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Marco Naguib

que la barque qui les em-menait -elle et sa famille -puisse rester équilibrée.

De même, la littérature despharaons incarnait l'image dela relation forte qui liait lamère et son fils. Il y avait tantd'histoires laissées par laneuvième famille des ra-messides, parmi ces histoiresil y en avait celle qui abordaitla vie d'un enfant Horus etl'intention d'une mère quiéduquait son enfant unebonne éducation. L'histoireparlait d'un enfant nomméHorus qui a été vaincu par lapauvreté et la maladie à lasuite d'un problème commispar son frère. L'épouse de cefrère prenait en charged'éduquer le petit, le joint àune école où il apprenait l'éc-riture et toutes les techniquesde guerre.

Parmi les images qui in-carnent la place importantede la femme pharaonique: leroi Ahmosis, qui avait chasséles Hiksos, décrivait sa mèrecomme étant un " RakettKatt" ce qui signifie la mèreindulgente, et qui soulignel'effet important des in-structions et des conseils ma-ternels tout au long de savie..

Il faut noter que la mèrepharaonique était trop mure et indulgente ce qui la poussait à accorderune grande attention à sa fille exactement pareille à celle accordée augarçon car elle avait la conviction que cette fille sera une future mère.

Les pères pharaoniques incitaient leurs fils à renouveler lemémorandum de leurs mères. Les anciens textes soulignaient lagratitude des enfants envers leurs parents.

Le sage "Any" conseillait son fils "Khonsouhotep" au temps de la Dy-nastie pharaonique moderne en lui disant: "approche l'eau à ta mère quivivait dans le désert de Gabbana et n'oublie jamais d'assumer ce de-voir".

De tout ce qui précède, nous pouvons concevoir à quel point la mèrepharaonique était digne d'être toujours mentionnée dans les manuscritsde l'histoire des Anciens Egyptiens.

Elle est ta maman qui a

pris en charge ta re-sponsabilité toute seule sansmoi et quand elle t'a fait join-dre l'école où tu a appris l'éc-riture, elle se rendait à l'écolerégulièrement en t'emmenantle pain quotidien. Quand tugrandiras et deviendras pèrede famille, souviens-toi tou-jours tout ce que ta mère a faitpour toi " .

C'est par ces paroles que lepère pharaonique conseillait àson fils de se rappeler du rôlede sa mère au cours de saformation et de tout ce qu'ellelui a fourni de joie et de sé-rénité. C'est ainsi que la mèrepharaonique a occupé uneplace importante dans les an-ciennes époques

La maternité était enracinéedans le coeur de l'AncienEgyptien depuis les premierstemps qui nous ont aidé à dé-couvrir quelques déesses ca-ractérisées par les qualitésdes mères à l'instar de : Ha-thor, déesse de maternité etde soin, concrétisée sousforme d'une vache " symbolede tendresse ". Cette déessea allaité le dieu Horus au borddu Nil quand il était enfant.

La maternité qui s'incarnaitde cette façon dans cette société des dieux imaginée par l'Ancien Egyp-tien, s'incarne alors beaucoup plus fortement dans ce monde matérielcontrôlé par les liens familiaux et sociaux.

La famille pharaonique égyptienne était cohérente et stable, les statuesles témoignaient, le père et la mère apparaissaient ensemble dans unecérémonie, restant sur une même chaise large et autour d'eux, les en-fants se réunissaient restant sur des chaises basses ou s'agenouillaientsur la terre.

Les relations familiales apparaissaient aussi dans les places calmes etvides, si le père de famille voulait s'amuser par la pêche dans le Nil, il nes'emparait jamais de ce plaisir seul, il prenait son fils avec lui pour luiporter son chasse et y participait. Son épouse le soutenait de derrière,sa fille s'agenouillait pour tenir les branches de papyrus ou de lotus pour

Hathor déesse de maternité et de soin

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dans ses clips.Ce groupe, tout au long de sa jeune carrière, a

eu la chance de collaborer avec les Valentinsd'Edith Fambuena, Paul Corkett (The Cure, Pla-cebo) et Dave Fridmann (Mercury Rev, TheFlaming Lips).

Lors de deux soirées consécutives au Caire età Alexandrie, tout amateur de rock français seraréjouit des plus belles chansons du groupe Kao-lin qui a choisi des mélodies qui s'écoutent augrand air.

La mère pharaonique sur les pages de l'histoire







"Francophonie et Francophilie".Dans le cadre de la Journée internationale de la Francophonie qui "ne peut se limiter au seul

champ linguistique, elle investit tous les domaines qu'ils soient économiques, scientifiques, culturels,voire politiques et rejoint par là même la Francophilie. Celle-ci témoigne avant tout d'une volonté depromouvoir le dialogue entre les cultures, les civilisations et les sociétés", le Centre français de cul-ture et de coopération à Héliopolis, propose la projection du film Madame brouette du SénégalaisMoussa Sene Absa ( Version originale sous-titrée en français). Il relate le portrait haut en couleursd'une jeune femme dans un quartier populaire de Dakar qui cherche chaque jour à assurer sa survieet celle de sa famille toujours avec une généreuse gaieté et bonne humeur. Le 20 mars à 19 h.

Laura Hakim

Maman!Hommage à Maman

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6290

Education