6/12 Focus: Do Now: – Complete the Regents Review Warm up Questions ***Castle Learning Regents Review 8 due Friday***

• 6/12 Focus: • Do Now: – Complete the Regents Review Warm

up Questions

***Castle Learning Regents Review 8 due Friday***

Absolute MonarchsAbsolute Monarchs

• Power is in the hands of ONE person (centralized)

• Determined gov’t policies without the consent of their people

• Ruled using the Divine Right Theory (god said they can rule)

Peter the Great

Louis XIV

Phillip II

Charles I

Catherine the Great

Russia

France

Spain

England

Russia

Magna Carta

Petition of Right

Habeas Corpus Act

English Bill of Rights

Limits placed on Absolute Monarchs in England

Influences on Early

Russia

Influences on Early

Russia

Byzantine

Byzantine

Mongols

Mongols

Cyrillic Alphabet

Eastern Orthodox Christianity

Architecture & Art

Autocratic Government

Close Relationship between church and state

Isolated Russia from W. Europe

Model for absolute rule of the czars Cut off Russia from

Renaissance and technological advances

Decline of Kiev and rise of Moscow

1.1. The theory justifying a The theory justifying a monarch’s rule by God’s monarch’s rule by God’s authority is calledauthority is called

A. laissez faire B. predestination C. totalitarianism D. divine right

2.2. Many European monarchs of the Many European monarchs of the 1600s maintained that they 1600s maintained that they should have absolute power to should have absolute power to rule because they: rule because they:

A. needed to defend their nations against threats from the Western Hemisphere

B. thought that all people should have the right to a good ruler

C. had been given their power to govern from God

D. thought that communism was the superior political system

3.3. The primary goal of most of The primary goal of most of Europe’s absolute monarchs Europe’s absolute monarchs was towas to

A. support political freedom for the new middle classes

B. centralize their political control over their nations

C. prevent contact with areas beyond Europe’s borders

D. maintain peaceful relations with nearby nations

4.4. Which quotation was most likely Which quotation was most likely made by an absolute monarch?made by an absolute monarch?

A. “The government that governs best, governs least.”

B. “I am the state.” C. “The government must be based on a

sound constitution.” D. “It is the parliament that must make

the laws.”

5.5. Which person is credited with Which person is credited with saying “L’état, c’est moi” (I am saying “L’état, c’est moi” (I am the state)?the state)?

A. Louis XIV B. Karl Marx C. John Locke D. Queen Isabella

7. The primary purpose of the Magna Carta was to:

A. Limit the power of the king B. Install Oliver Cromwell as dictator C. Justify the Glorious Revolution D. Charter the East India Company

8. What happened in Russia as a result of actions taken by Peter the Great?

A. Russia was weakened by French invasions B. Catholicism became the state religion C. The Duma was reformed and the serfs were

freed. D. Russia borrowed Western ideas and

expanded its territories

9. These events in English history were similar in that they all:

A. promoted religious freedom B. limited the power of the monarchC. provided universal suffrageD. supported divine right theory

• Magna Carta signed by King John• Habeas Corpus Act passed during the rule of Charles II• Bill of Rights agreed to by William and Mary

10. The foreign policy of many Russian rulers supported the country’s desire for:

A. Access to inland citiesB. More mineral resources C. Extensive canal systems D. Warm-water ports

• Known as “carriers of civilizations”; traded goods and spread ideas throughout the Mediterranean; inventors of the modern alphabet

• Conquered large empire from Greece to Eastern border of India

• Conquest led to the creation of Hellenistic Culture

• Blended Greek, Persian, Indian, and Egyptian culture

• conquests secured trade and travel along the Silk Road

• Goods and technologies spread from Asia to Europe during the Pax Mongolia

• Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta documented travels to Asia

• Served as a cultural bridge between China and Japan

• One of the largest migrations in human history

• Waves of West African farmers moved east and south through Africa

• Spread West African farming techniques and language

• Spread Cyrillic alphabet, Eastern Orthodox Christianity, art, and architecture to Russia

• Cultural diffusion between the Middle East and Europe grew as a result of large armies traveling to and from the Middle East

• Knowledge and technologies of the Islamic civilization reached Europe

• Economic Systems answer 3 basic questions:–What goods and services are to be

produced and in what quantities? – How will goods and services be

produced?– For whom shall the goods be produced?

• An economic system in which decisions are made based on customs, beliefs, and habits – Barter – Based on subsistence farming – People often have the same occupation

as their parents

• economic system that developed under feudalism in Europe

• Economic activities were based around a lord’s manor

• Manor had to be self-sufficient • 3 field System

• Economic system that developed in 1600’s in Europe

• countries established colonies that existed for the benefit of the mother country– Countries wanted a favorable balance of trade– Export more goods than you import – Colonies ship raw materials to mother country – Mother country sells finished goods to

colonies

• Economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit

• Free Markets• Competition • Supply and demand • Private ownership

• Economic system in which the means of production are controlled by the gov’t

• Socialism/Communism

• Throughout human history various events have changed the way people have lived. – Political revolutions – Social and religious changes – New technologies – Exploration of new places– New Ideas/Challenges to Authority

Before

• Paleolithic Era • Hunter/gathers• Humans lived in

small groups

Impact of Change

• More reliable food source increased population

• No longer had to move from place to place

• Development of permanent settlements

• Rise of civilizations

Before • Rome controlled much

of Europe• Centralized

government provided law and order

Impact of Change • Lack of centralized

power • Break down of law and

order led people to leave cities

• Population decreased • Frequent invasions • Decrease in

knowledge and learning

• Led to the rise of Feudalism

Before

• Dangerous to travel and trade along the silk roads

Impact of Change • Mongol control of Asia

and parts of Europe brings political stability and relative peace

• Trade routes become secure

• Trade and travel along silk roads increase

• Plague spread along trade routes

• Chinese technologies and goods spread to Europe

Before

• Feudalism and manorial system existed in Europe

• Most people made their living around agriculture

• Society organized around feudal manors

Impact of Change

• Trade increased in Europe • Contributed to the decline of

feudalism and Manorialism• Growth of towns and cities • Middle class grows • Trade guilds formed to promote

standards on prices and quality • Banking, Joint Stock

Companies, Insurance • Contributed to rise of

capitalism

Before

• Middle Ages in Europe

• Decline of learning and knowledge

• Gothic Architecture

Impact of Change

• Re-birth of Greek and Roman ideas

• Growth of art and learning • Wealthy merchants in Italian

city states supported the arts• Revival of Roman and Greek

architecture • Humanism stressed the

importance of the individual• Machiavelli’s The Prince- “The

ends justify the means”• People began questioning

traditional authorities

Before

• Catholic Church dominated Europe

• Religious unity

Impact of Change

• challenged the power of the Church– Martin Luther’s 95 Theses – John Calvin, Henry VIII

• Act of Supremacy in England• Establishment of new

Christian religions • Loss of religious unity in

Europe• Civil wars break out• Church weakened • Monarchs strengthened

Before • Religious teachings

and tradition used to explain the natural world

Impact of Change• People began to use

reason and scientific method to understand natural laws

• People began questioning authority

• Contributed to the development of the Enlightenment

Before • Ottoman’s captured

Constantinople and controlled overland trade routes to Asia

• Advanced civilizations existed in the Americas

Impact of change • Death of large numbers

of Native Americans from disease & overwork

• Destruction of the Aztec and Incan Empires

• Competition among European countries for colonies & Mercantilism

• Use of Africans as slave labor on plantations in the Americas

• Columbian Exchange

Before• Absolute monarchs

controlled European countries

Impact of Change • Influenced American

Revolution, French Revolution, & Latin American Revolutions

• Democratic/Enlightenment ideas of natural rights spread across Europe – examples: Locke,

Montesquieu, Rousseau

• Limits placed on existing monarchs

• Nationalism increased