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Adviesbureau voor Energiestrategie

Energy Strategies for Sustainable Development

Energy efficiency standards & labelling inLatin America – the issue of alignmentand harmonisation

Wolfgang F. Lut


Energy Strategies for Sustainable Development

!er Aar" the #etherlands – Asunci$n" %araguay

EEDAL '() – *+, August '()


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Adviesbureau voor EnergiestrategieEnergy Strategies for Sustainable Development

-ur epertise


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• Research and Consulting Office founded in 1991

• Our working areas:

– Sustainable energy policies, strategies and

prograes

– !nergy efficiency

– Renewable energy and rural energisation

• Specific e"pertise:

– #ational energy efficiency policies and plans

– !nergy efficiency laws and regulations

– !nergy efficiency standards $ labelling

– %ndustrial and building energy efficiency

– !nergy anageent


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Focus on emerging economies and transition countries

Latin America" /entral & Eastern Europe" South+East Asia"

#orth Africa


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-ur clients and partners


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6

!0o decades of eperience in EE S&L


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Energy efficiency standards & labelling in

Latin America – the issue of alignment and

harmonisation


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EE S&L in Latin America – the issue of alignment and

harmonisation

• &hy this study ' paper(

– )lost all countries of *atin )erica ha+e

ipleented ' initiated an !! S$* prograe

– hese prograes are generally not haronised with

each other, with soe e"ceptions

– -ost prograes are at least partly aligned with !!

S$* schees outside the Region .!/, /S0 – urpose: copare !! S$* prograes in the Region

with each other and with international reference

schees .!/, /S0

– 2ocus on:

• -easureent standards .test procedures0

• 3*abelling standards3 ' regulations for andatory labelling

• -!S


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EE S&L in Latin America – the issue of alignment and

harmonisation

• -ain contents of the paper

– O+er+iew on !! S$* rograes:

• 4ra5il, -e"ico, 3Southern Cone3 and 3)ndean3 sub6regions,

Central )erica

– 7egree of alignent of national schees with

international reference standards and with other

national prograes in the Region

– echnical 8uality of easureent and 3labelling

standards3

– rocess of establishing labelling regulations and -!S,

le+el of abition

– Conclusions for policy akers and the international

S$* counity


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EE S&L in Latin America – a heterogeneous picture

• he pioneers: 4ra5il and -e"ico

– 4ra5il: labelling since 19, siilar .not identical0 to !/

schee, ore recently also -!S

• -andatory labelling of ;< !rs .=>';=10

• ?oluntary labelling of @ !rs .=>';=10

• -!S for !rs, inclA B recasts .=>';=10

– -e"ico: since 199;, focus on -!S, largely aligned to/S schee

• #O-6!#!R include easureent standards, -!S, label

• ;9 #O-6!#!R .=>';=1@0


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• Colobia, !cuador, eru, ?ene5uela .3)ndeanRegion30

– %nfluenced by /S, !/ and other national schees,

resulting in hybridD standards and regulations – Colobia: *abelling: CO#OC! .;==;, +oluntary0 E

R!%F .;=1@, andatory0

– !cuador: Since ;==9 ' ;=1>: 3!ergency3 regulationsfor a wide range of products .labelling, -!S0A

)lignent with CO#OC!, pre+ious !/ regulations,

#O-6!#!R

– eru: *abelling standards, technical regulations,easureent standards – aligned with international

and national standards, 3hoe ade3 standards

– ?ene5uela: )lignent with pre+ious /S ruleaking,o+ing towards categorial label and -!S .(0


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• )rgentina, Chile, araguay, /ruguay .3Southern

Cone30

– )ligned to pre+ious !/ labelling schee, yet with

+arying differences and intra6regional influences

– )rgentina: ROC)!.G0, 199B';==>: *abelling largely

aligned with pre+ious !/ scheeH -!S e8ui+alent to

pre+ious !/ efficiency classes ) – C .no analysis0 – Chile: *abelling largely aligned with pre+ious !/

scheeH -!S established based on cost6benefit

analysis .*4#*0

– araguay .since ;=1>0: ?oluntary labelling, influenced

by pre+ious !/, CO#OC!, %R)- and #Ch schees

– /ruguay .since ;==90: -andatory labelling of > !rs,

+oluntary labelling standards .;=10


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• Central )erica

– -ainly aligned to -e"ican #O-6!#!R and CO)#

standards

– Costa Rica: %ntroduced +oluntary labelling in 199H

since ;=== andatory labelling and -!S for certain

!rsH non6coplying products subIect to e"cise duty

– #icaragua: -andatory labelling and -!SH partlyaligned with #O-6!#!R or CO)#A -easureent

standards refer to #O-6!#!R, international and /S

test procedures


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Alignment and harmonisation

• )lignent with !/ and /S !! S$* schees

– wo types of !! S$* prograes in *atin )erica:

• -e"ico: -ain focus on -!S, siilar to /S, basis of Central

)erican prograes• South )erican countries: started with +oluntary '

andatory labelling scheesH recently also -!S

– *abel design: /S – -e"ican +sA !/ – 4ra5ilian design

– -easureent standards:

• #ational standards in 4ra5il .based on %SO6%!C0 and -e"ico

.based on /S test procedures0

• #ational standards in other countries aligned with %SO6%!C,#4R, /S, #O-, CO)# and other international, regional and

national standards

– -!S in -e"ico, 4ra5il, )rgentina, Chile, !cuador,

#icaragua, ?ene5uela – different ethods to establishthresholds


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• %ntra6regional alignent: 3)ndean region3

– Colobia .R!%F0: e"cept influences fro #O-6!#!R,

no intra6regional haronisation or alignent

• -erging eleents fro pre+ious Colobian .!/ like0 and-e"ican label designs

• Reference to different easureent standards: %SO6%!C,

)#S%6)SGR)!, #O- and national standards

• Reference to different labelling regulations: !/ C7Rs,pre+ious !/ labelling directi+es, #O-6!#!R

– !cuador: influenced fro different schees, no clear

alignent or intra6regional haronisation

• *abelling regulations ainly aligned with pre+ious Colobian

labelling standards, soe alignent with !/, #O-6!#!R and

4ra5ilian regulations

• -!S refer to !! classes ) or 4 or e8ui+alent to #O-6!#!R


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• %ntra6regional alignent: 3)ndean region3

– eru: 3hoe ade3 labelling standards do not

facilitate intra6regional haronisation

• *abelling standards follow pre+ious !/ label design, howe+er:different colour codes, safety inforation included

• Soe labelling standards aligned with pre+ious !/ labelling

directi+es, others influenced by #O-6!#!R, soe own

elaborations based on +arious national and internationallabelling regulations and easureent standards

– ?ene5uela: which direction(

• !arly alignent with /S !nergy Juide .1999';===0

• ;=1;: categorial label and -!S for air conditioners

• #o inter6regional alignent


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• !nergy labels: -e"ico and 3)ndean region3


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• !nergy labels: -e"ico and 3)ndean region3


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• %ntra6regional alignent: 3Southern Cone3

– )rgentina: aligned with !/ and %SO6%!C, weak -!S

• -easureent standards e8ui+alent to %SO6%!C ' !#

• *abelling standards follow pre+ious !/ directi+es ' C7R.different label for washing achines0

• -!S e8ui+alent to !! classes ) – C

– Chile: aligned with !/ and %SO6%!C, strong -!S

• -easureent standards aligned with %SO6%!C

• *abelling standards follow pre+ious !/ label .identical !!

classes, inor differences0

• -!S established following cost6benefit analysis


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• %ntra6regional alignent: 3Southern Cone3

– araguay: %ntra6regional alignent, inconsistencies

• %nfluenced by CO)#, pre+ious and actual !/, )rgentinean,

Chilean and pre+ious Colobian labelling schees• %nconsistencies in colour codes, label diensions, energy

efficiency classes

– /ruguay: Gigh degree of intra6regional alignent

• *abelling regulations e8ui+alent to )rgentinean, Chilean and

CO)# standards and regulations .indirectly to pre+ious !/

labelling directi+e0

• Soe genuine labels .air conditioners, gas ranges and o+ens0

• -easureent standards: /#%6%!C, %SO6%!C, #4R


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• !nergy labels: 4ra5il and 3Southern cone3


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• !nergy labels: 4ra5il and 3Southern cone3


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Discussion

• !"tra6regional schees are ost influential

– 4ra5il: first labelling schee in *atin )erica

• !+ol+ed into a full6scale prograe responding to specific

cliatic conditions and consuer habits• *iited influence on other countries of the .sub60regiKn

– -e"ico: aligned with /S ' #orth )erica

• %n soe cases only partial alignent, lacking behind in

abition and scope

• Considerable influence on Central )erica and )ndean

countries

– 3)ndean regiKn3: no clear alignent• ) i"ture of e+erything, references to outdated schees

– 3Southern Cone3: aligned with pre+ious !/ schee

and intra6regional alignent

• ?ery liited influence fro 4ra5il, -e"ico and other countries


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/onclusions

• .Sub60regional cooperation is iperati+e

– !! S$* schees in *atin )erica de+eloped as national

prograes, no supranational coordination

• Reflects predoinant econoic and trade relations ofindi+idual countries and related technological influences

• *ack of econoic integration of *atin )erica

• %nfluence of #)2) and #orth )erican !nergy Cooperation

on -e"ico

• CO)# has only +ery liited ipact

– !! S$* schees in *atin )erica lag behind recent

international de+elopents• *ack of stringency of labelling and -!S

– Con+ergence of national schees in *atin )erica will

re8uire a aIor shift towards stronger .sub60regional

cooperation


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For more information please contact1

Wolfgang F. LutDirector


Langeraarse0eg (,(

2*( 34 !er Aar" !he #etherlands

!el. 56(+(7+*'),'6 8 56(+*)2+*2'926

0flut:energy+strategies.org

000.energy+strategies.org

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