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6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

Dec 18, 2015

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Page 1: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

6077SANUE 046

Page 2: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

3 PhaseSynchronous Alternators

Page 3: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

Alternators

Identify the basic components of a Alternator

List the types of rotors used

Test motor windings for suitability to connect to the supply

Connect in both Clockwise and counter clockwise rotation

List the steps for dismantling it

At the end of this section you will be able to:

Page 4: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

Types

Governed By:• Load Current Requirements

• Single or Three Phase

• Prime Mover Speed

Page 5: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

Prime MoverDetermines Speed of Alternator

• Windmill

• Diesel Motor

• Water turbine

Slow Speed High Speed

• Steam turbine

Page 6: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

Number of PolesSpeed Determines Number of Poles

OR

50 Hz Required

p

fn120

n

fp120

Page 7: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

Number of Poles

750 RPM = 8 Poles

n

fp120

1500 RPM = 4 Poles

3000 RPM = 2 Poles

375 RPM = 16 Poles

Page 8: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

Number of PolesDetermines Shape of Alternator

16 Poles•Large Diameter

• Short length

Salient Pole

Page 9: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

Number of PolesDetermines Shape of Alternator

2 Poles •Small Diameter

• LongCylindrical

Page 10: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

Generated VoltageDependant on • Flux density

• Flux strength

• Speed of rotation

• Number of turns per pole

• Length of pole

• Area of pole face

Page 11: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

Generated VoltagefNE m 44.4

Φm

f

N

= Maximum flux

= Frequency

= Number of poles

Page 12: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

Generated Voltage

dpm kfNkE 44.4Φm

f

N

kp

kd

= Maximum flux

= Frequency

= Number of poles

= Pitch factor

=Distribution or Breadth factor

Page 13: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

Voltage RegulationVoltage Regulation

EI

Voltage Drop Due to R

Voltage Drop Due to XL

V

• Resistance• Inductance

Coils have both

Page 14: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

Line Current

Ter

min

al V

olt

age Vg

Unity PF

Voltage RegulationVoltage Regulation

Page 15: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

Voltage RegulationVoltage Regulation

EI V

Lagging PF of 45

V less than E

Page 16: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

Line Current

Ter

min

al V

olt

age Vg

Unity PF

Lagging PF

Voltage RegulationVoltage Regulation

Page 17: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

Voltage RegulationVoltage Regulation

EI

V

Leading PF of 45

V More than than E

Page 18: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

Line Current

Ter

min

al V

olt

age Vg

Unity PF

Lagging PF

Leading PF

Voltage RegulationVoltage Regulation

Page 19: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

Voltage RegulationVoltage Regulation

100 x VNo Load – V Full Load

VFull Load

R% =

If PF = Unity

100 x I x (R x cos + XL x sin)

VFull Load

R% =

Page 20: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

ExcitationWith Brushes

DC Generator Brushes Rotor Stator

Page 21: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

Excitation

Sensor & Regulator

Rotating ComponentsWithout Brushes

Exc

itat

ion

Sta

tor

Page 22: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

Synchronising Generators

Synchronized when all lamps dark

Page 23: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

Synchronising Generators

Synchronized when1 lamp dark

2 lamps light

Page 24: 6077SA NUE 046. 3 Phase Synchronous Alternators Alternators Identify the basic components of a Alternator List the types of rotors used Test motor windings.

END