6 th Period Journal – Wednesday, 1/7/13 Sit in your original seats in these desks! 1.What were some causes of the Civil War? 2.What were major differences.

66thth Period Journal – Wednesday, 1/7/13 Period Journal – Wednesday, 1/7/13Sit in your original seats in these desks!Sit in your original seats in these desks!

1.1. What were some What were some causes of the Civil Warcauses of the Civil War??

2.2. What were major What were major differencesdifferences between between the the North and the SouthNorth and the South prior to the War? prior to the War?

3.3. What was the What was the first state to secedefirst state to secede from from the Union, and what was the the Union, and what was the 11stst battle battle in in that state?that state?

The Civil WarThe Civil War1861-18651861-1865

The North (Union) vs. the South The North (Union) vs. the South (Confederate States of America)(Confederate States of America)

Abraham Lincoln vs. Jefferson DavisAbraham Lincoln vs. Jefferson Davis

Resources & Advantages

North South

-Population-Industry (ammunition)-Resources-Labor pool-Railroad network-Navy-Established government-Abraham Lincoln

-Strong military tradition-Military leaders

(Robert E. Lee)-Fighting for survival

(Psychological)-Fighting on home soil-Defensive War-Washington, DC was onthe outskirts of VA

Strategies

South North

Military

Political / Economical

Small armies;do just enough

damage to breakthe North’s will

to fight

Gain recognitionfrom England &

France; tradewith Europe

instead of North

Anaconda Plan

Prevent secessionof the

Border States(MO, KY, DE, MD)

Anaconda PlanAnaconda Plan 1 – Blockade Southern Ports1 – Blockade Southern Ports 2 – Take Mississippi River & Split Confederacy2 – Take Mississippi River & Split Confederacy 3 – Take Richmond (capital of the Confederacy)3 – Take Richmond (capital of the Confederacy)

Fort SumterFort Sumter April, 1861April, 1861 Charleston, SCCharleston, SC

Lincoln sends Lincoln sends supplies tosupplies totroops at forttroops at fort

South fires on South fires on and captures fortand captures fort

Winner – SouthWinner – South

Start of the Civil WarStart of the Civil War

First Battle of Bull RunFirst Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861July 21, 1861 Manassas, VAManassas, VA

South Gen. P.G.T.South Gen. P.G.T.Beauregard & Gen. Beauregard & Gen. Stonewall Jackson’s Stonewall Jackson’s troops defeat North troops defeat North Gen. Irvin McDowell’s 30,000 troopsGen. Irvin McDowell’s 30,000 troops

Winner – SouthWinner – South

Citizens shocked at the carnage of warCitizens shocked at the carnage of war Lincoln fires McDowellLincoln fires McDowell

Monitor v. VirginiaMonitor v. Virginia March, 1862March, 1862 Off VA coastOff VA coast

North North Monitor Monitor v. v. South South VirginiaVirginia (used to be Union (used to be Union MerrimackMerrimack))

Winner – NoneWinner – None

First battle of ironclad ships (modern naval First battle of ironclad ships (modern naval warfare!)warfare!)

Battle of ShilohBattle of Shiloh April, 1862April, 1862 Southwest TennesseeSouthwest Tennessee

North Gen. Ulysses S. Grant North Gen. Ulysses S. Grant captures forts in TN, wins captures forts in TN, wins two-day battle in Shiloh; two-day battle in Shiloh; 25,000 troop casualties25,000 troop casualties

Winner – NorthWinner – North

Death toll horrifying for North & SouthDeath toll horrifying for North & South Grant’s reputation hurt Grant’s reputation hurt

Second Battle of Bull RunSecond Battle of Bull Run August, 1862August, 1862 Manassas, VAManassas, VA

South Gen. Lee & South Gen. Lee & Jackson defeat larger Jackson defeat larger Northern forceNorthern force

Winner – SouthWinner – South

Southern confidence is highSouthern confidence is high Lincoln re-hires McClellan Lincoln re-hires McClellan

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam Sept. 17, 1862Sept. 17, 1862 Sharpsburg, MDSharpsburg, MD

North Gen. McClellan defeats South Gen. Lee; North Gen. McClellan defeats South Gen. Lee; 23,000 casualties; Lee retreats to VA23,000 casualties; Lee retreats to VA

Winner – NorthWinner – North

Bloodiest day Bloodiest day in American historyin American history Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation

What is the significance of the advent of photography at this time?

What is the significance of the advent of photography at this time?

Emancipation Proclamation

Who issued it?:With victory at Antietam, Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation

Whom did it free?:All enslaved people in rebelling states beginning January 1, 1863

Who is this leaving out?:It did not apply to loyal border states or to places that were already under Union military control;Didn’t free ALL slaves!

Who is this leaving out?:It did not apply to loyal border states or to places that were already under Union military control;Didn’t free ALL slaves!

So, it received a mixed reaction (both positive and negative)So, it received a mixed reaction (both positive and negative)

p. 236-239

After the After the ProclamationProclamation, the North begins , the North begins active recruitment of African Americansactive recruitment of African Americans

180,000180,000 African American volunteers in the African American volunteers in the Union military by war’s endUnion military by war’s end

Most well-known African American regiment:Most well-known African American regiment:

– 54th Massachusetts Regiment54th Massachusetts Regiment

What difficulties do What difficulties do you think they faced?you think they faced?

Prejudice: Assigned menialPrejudice: Assigned menial

tasks, longest guard, exposedtasks, longest guard, exposed

battle positions, lower pay, killed if capturedbattle positions, lower pay, killed if captured

Battle of GettysburgBattle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863July 1-3, 1863 PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

General Lee & the South invade the NorthGeneral Lee & the South invade the North 3-day battle ends after unsuccessful Southern attack 3-day battle ends after unsuccessful Southern attack

known as “Pickett’s Charge”known as “Pickett’s Charge” 50,000 casualties50,000 casualties

Winner – NorthWinner – North

***Turning Point******Turning Point*** South retreats to VASouth retreats to VA Lincoln issues Gettysburg AddressLincoln issues Gettysburg Address

Gettysburg Address - November 19, 1863

Sherman’s March to the SeaSherman’s March to the Sea May – Dec 1864May – Dec 1864 GeorgiaGeorgia

(North) Gen. William T. Sherman (North) Gen. William T. Sherman marches from TN/GA border, through marches from TN/GA border, through Atlanta, to GA coast,Atlanta, to GA coast,

Destroyed cities, factories, RRs, homes along the Destroyed cities, factories, RRs, homes along the way; way; “Total War”“Total War”

Winner – NorthWinner – North

Atlanta burned to the groundAtlanta burned to the ground Southern economy destroyedSouthern economy destroyed

Battle of VicksburgBattle of Vicksburg July 1863July 1863 MississippiMississippi

Grant places Vicksburg under siege, cutting Grant places Vicksburg under siege, cutting off supplies & bombarding the city until its off supplies & bombarding the city until its surrendersurrender

Winner – NorthWinner – North ***Turning Point in the War******Turning Point in the War*** North gains the Mississippi River, North gains the Mississippi River,

splits Confederacy in halfsplits Confederacy in halfWhich plan does this satisfy?

Sherman’s March to the SeaSherman’s March to the Sea

Battle of Ft. FisherBattle of Ft. Fisher December 1864December 1864 Wilmington, NCWilmington, NC

Failed attempt by Union forces to capture the fort Failed attempt by Union forces to capture the fort guarding Wilmington, the South's last major port guarding Wilmington, the South's last major port on the Atlanticon the Atlantic

11stst day – Union tried to blow up a ship to destroy day – Union tried to blow up a ship to destroy the Fort’s walls and failed; 2the Fort’s walls and failed; 2ndnd day – Union tried to day – Union tried to come ashore and failedcome ashore and failed

320 casualties 320 casualties

Winner – SouthWinner – South

The South keeps their portThe South keeps their port

Battle of BentonvilleBattle of Bentonville March 1865March 1865 North CarolinaNorth Carolina

Confederate army launched a tactical offensive Confederate army launched a tactical offensive on Union troopson Union troops

Only significant attempt to defeat the large Only significant attempt to defeat the large Sherman during its march through the Sherman during its march through the Carolinas in the spring of 1865Carolinas in the spring of 1865

Winner – NorthWinner – North

Largest battle fought in NCLargest battle fought in NC

Appomattox Court HouseAppomattox Court House April 1865April 1865 VirginiaVirginia

(South) Gen. Lee’s (South) Gen. Lee’s troops are trapped troops are trapped & surrounded by & surrounded by Northern troopsNorthern troops

Lee formally surrenders to GrantLee formally surrenders to Grant

Winner – NorthWinner – North

The war is (unofficially) overThe war is (unofficially) over

Mclean House, Appomattox Court House, Mclean House, Appomattox Court House, Va., where Lee surrendered to GrantVa., where Lee surrendered to Grant

Lincoln’s AssassinationLincoln’s Assassination April 14, 1865April 14, 1865 Ford’s Theatre, D.C.Ford’s Theatre, D.C.

John Wilkes Booth sneaks into Lincoln’s booth, John Wilkes Booth sneaks into Lincoln’s booth, shoots him in the headshoots him in the head

Loss of a great Loss of a great leader, but seen by leader, but seen by many as a hero and many as a hero and a symbol of freedoma symbol of freedom

http://www.history.com/topics/john-wilkes-booth/interactives/john-wilkes-booth-timeline-and-map

Life on the Home FrontNorth SouthBoth

Paying for the war…

-Income Taxes

-High tariffs

-Sold bonds

-Tax on farmproduce

-Steal Unionfood and supplies

Life on the Home FrontNorth SouthBoth

Soldiers…

-Caused draftriots in NY,1863

-Conscription(draft) toprovidesoldiers

Life on the Home FrontNorth SouthBoth

Trade/Economy…

-Homestead Actmade westernlands availablefor farmers

-Crops & landdestroyed byfighting

Life on the Home FrontNorth SouthBoth

Property/Other rights…

-Seize propertyin support ofwar effort

-Suspendinghapeas corpus

Economic boom &growth of industries

Disunity & in danger ofcollapse

What is habeas corpus?:Protects a person from being held in jail without being charged with a specific crime…. So why do Lincoln/the South do this?

Copperheads – Northern Democrats who were against the warWhy would they receive this nickname?

Matthew Brady

Famous Civil Warphotographer

“The Dead atAntietam”

Life for SoldiersLife for SoldiersLife for SoldiersLife for Soldiers

• Poor Conditions in camps• Poor sanitation, led to the

rapid spread of illness and disease

• More men died in war from disease than from battle

• Most frequent treatment of disease and illness/injury: Amputation

• Prison Camps: Horrible Conditions

• Most Famous in Andersonville, GA

Clara BartonClara Barton

-Famous Civil War-Famous Civil Warnurse, cared for wounded nurse, cared for wounded soldiers on the battlefieldssoldiers on the battlefields-Best known for her later work -Best known for her later work with the Red Crosswith the Red Cross

What are other women doing during the war?•Vast majority of women took over family businesses, farms, and plantations•Jobs typically for men become held by more women (teaching, for example)•Nursing

WOMEN IN THE WARWOMEN IN THE WAR

Other Civil War “Fun” Facts:Other Civil War “Fun” Facts:General Ambrose Burnside. I think we know what we can thank this guy for… Sideburns!

• During the Battle of Antietam, 12,401 Union men were killed, missing or wounded; double the casualties of D-Day, 82 years later. With a total of 23,000 casualties on both sides, it was the bloodiest single day of the Civil War.

• More men died in the Civil War than any other American conflict, and two-thirds of the dead perished from disease

• During the Battle of Antietam, 12,401 Union men were killed, missing or wounded; double the casualties of D-Day, 82 years later. With a total of 23,000 casualties on both sides, it was the bloodiest single day of the Civil War.

• More men died in the Civil War than any other American conflict, and two-thirds of the dead perished from disease

Who had the best facial hair in the Civil War? You decide!http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/Who-Had-the-Best-Civil-War-Facial-Hair.html

Civil War ReviewLong-Term

Causes

AmericanCivil War

(1861-1865)

Advantages

Short-TermCauses

Advantages

Outcomes

Outcomes

North

South

Why did the North win?Why did the South lose?

Civil War ReviewLong-Term Causes

AmericanCivil War

(1861-1865)Short-Term Causes

Civil War Review

AmericanCivil War

(1861-1865)

Advantages

Advantages

Outcomes

Outcomes

North

South

Why did the North win?Why did the South lose?