6 th per Psych I Tues, 4/26 Did you know?? The first longitudinal MRI study of the teen brain, performed at the National Institute of Mental Health, showed.

6th per Psych I Tues, 4/26Did you know??The first longitudinal MRI study of the teen brain, performed at the National Institute of Mental Health, showed that gray matter increases just before puberty begins. Gray matter is where thought takes place in the brain. The production of gray matter occurs in the area of the frontal lobe and it continues to thicken in the frontal lobe until about age 11 in girls and 12 in boys. Another MRI study by researchers at Harvard’s McLean Hospital focused on how teens process emotions. The scans showed that young teens used the amygdala to identify emotions in photos of individuals shown to them, while older teens used the frontal lobe of the brain.

Please get out: •Your textbook•A writing implement•Your Ch 3, Sec 2 Parts of the Brain chart

Chapter 3BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR

Today’s Agenda1. Bipolar

2. Schizophrenia

3. Chapter 3, Section 2-start

To prepare for Class on Thursday, 4/26

• Read Ch 3, Sec 3

• Take notes using the handout on inetteacher

Types of Mood Disorders

Mania is….A. A period of persistent and abnormally heightened, irritable, or

expansive mood lasting at least a week

B. Three or more of the following must be present & persistent:

Inflated self-esteem

Feels less of a need for sleep

More talkative than usual

Racing thoughts/flitting ideas

Easily distracted

Increase in psychomotor agitation or goal-directed activity

“excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences” (APA DSM-IV, pg. 362)

(APA DSM-IV)

Mania-cont.

C. “The symptoms do not meet the criteria for Mixed Episode” (Manic Episode & Major Depressive Episode at the same time)

D. The mood disturbance is severe enough

to affect one’s ability to function at work/school, relationships with others, and usual social activities

OR to require hospitalization (harm to self or others)

E. The symptoms are not caused by a general medical disorder or a substance

(APA DSM-IV)

Bipolar I

(APA DSM-IV)

Bipolar I

(APA DSM-IV)

Bipolar II-Diagnostic Criteria

A. Characterized by having one or more Major Depressive Episodes

B. History of at least one Hypomanic Episode

C. There has never been a Manic Episode

D. The symptoms cause significant distress in one’s ability to function at work/school, in social situations, or in other important areas

(APA DSM-IV)

Schizophrenia

What is Schizophrenia?Schizophrenia: characterized by loss of contact with reality.

Can be very disabling and can lead to the affected person’s inability to function independently

First appears in young adulthood

Usually develops gradually, but can also appear suddenly

Most striking symptoms are:Hallucinations

Delusions

Thought disorders

Other symptoms include social withdrawal, impaired social skills, loss of normal emotional responses.

Occasionally, may go into a catatonic stupor: an immobile, expressionless, comalike state.

Types of Schnizophrenia

Paranoid Schizophrenia

• Delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations that center on one theme, often a theme of persecution

Disorganized Schizophrenia

• Incoherent in their thought and speech and disorganized in their behavior; delusions and hallucinations are unconnected

• Emotionless or show inappropriate emotionsCatatonic Schizophrenia

• Activity may slow to a stupor and then suddenly switch to agitation

• May hold unusual, uncomfortable body positions for long periods of time, even after their arms and legs swell and stiffen

Explaining SchizophreniaPsychoanalytic Views

• Result of overwhelming of the ego by urges from the id• Fantasies become confused with reality

Other Psychological Views• A family environment in which a parent frequently expresses

intense emotions may spur the disorder, but does not cause ItBiological Views

• Studies try to link abnormal brain functioning and structure with specific symptoms.

• Heredity, complications during pregnancy and birth, birth during winter, excessive dopamine, loss of synapses in the brain were all shown to affect rates of schizophrenia.

Multifactorial Model

• Biological and psychological factors may interact in development.

• The model suggests that even severely dysfunctional environmental factors are not enough to lead to the disorder.

Psychology Video

Ch 3, Sec 2: The Brain-Our Control Center

Early Beliefs About the Brain

In ancient times, people did not attribute human psychological processes such as thinking to the working of the brain.

Instead, people widely believed that the body was inhabited by souls or demons.

Ancient Egyptians believed that a little person dwelled within the skull and regulated behavior.

Where did Aristotle believe the soul resided?

How might the love songs and poetry of past centuries have been different had ancient peoples had a better understanding of human psychological processes?

Today we recognize that the mind, or consciousness, dwells within the brain.

Biology & Behavior Multimedia

Works Cited