Q No 1 A 22-year-old woman nursing her newborn develops a tender erythematous area around the nipple of her left breast. A thick, yellow fluid is observed to drain from an open fissure. Examination of this breast fluid under the light microscope will most likely reveal an abundance of which of the following inflammatory cells? (A) B lymphocytes (B) Eosinophils (C) Mast cells (D) Neutrophils (E) Plasma cells
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Q No 1
A 22-year-old woman nursing her newborn develops a tender erythematous area around the nipple of her left breast. A thick, yellow fluid is observed to drain from an open fissure. Examination of this breast fluid under the light microscope will most likely reveal an abundance of which of the following inflammatory cells?
(A) B lymphocytes
(B) Eosinophils
(C) Mast cells
(D) Neutrophils
(E) Plasma cells
Acute mastitis
Q No:2/5
A 5-year-old boy punctures his thumb with a rusty nail. Four hours later, the thumb appears red and swollen. Initial swelling of the boy’s thumb is primarily due to which of the following mechanisms?
(A) Decreased intravascular hydrostatic pressure
(B) Decreased intravascular oncotic pressure
(C) Increased capillary permeability
(D) Increased intravascular oncotic pressure
(E) Vasoconstriction of arterioles
Infl edema
Q No 3/9
A 36-year-old woman with pneumococcal pneumonia develops a right pleural effusion. The pleural fl uid displays a high specific gravity and contains large numbers of polymorphonuclear(PMN) leukocytes. Which of the following best characterizes this pleural effusion?
(A) Fibrinous exudate
(B) Lymphedema
(C) Purulent exudate
(D) Serosanguineous exudate
(E) Transudate
Diagnosis: Bacterial pneumonia, pleural effusion
Q No 4/11
A 10-year-old boy with a history of recurrent bacterial infections presents with fever and a productive cough. Biochemical analysis of his neutrophils demonstrates that he has an impaired ability to generate reactive oxygen species. This patient most likely has inherited mutations in the gene that encodes which of the following proteins?
(A) Catalase
(B) Cytochrome P450
(C) Myeloperoxidase
(D) NADPH oxidase
(E) Superoxide dismutase
Ans: D
Diagnosis: Chronic granulomatous disease
Q No 5/14
A 41-year-old woman complains of excessive menstrual bleeding and pelvic pain of 4 months. She uses an intrauterine device for contraception. Endometrial biopsy reveals an excess of plasma cells and macrophages within the stroma. The presence of these cells and scattered lymphoid follicles within the endometrial stroma is evidence of which of the following conditions?
(A) Acute inflammation
(B) Chronic inflammation
(C) Granulation tissue
(D) Granulomatous inflammation
(E) Menstruation
Diagnosis: Chronic endometritis
Q No. 6
Regeneration, repair and
wound healing
Regeneration:When healing takes place by
proliferation of parenchymal cells of same type.
Repair:When healing takes place by proliferation of
connective tissue elements resulting in FIBROSIS or
SCARRING.
Regeneration
requires intact extracellular matrix framework
In mammals : compensatory growth (hypertrophy and
hyperplasia) rather than true regeneration (eg. growth
after partial hepatectomy and nephrectomy)
Continuously cycling cells ( bone marrow, epithelium of
skin and GI mucosal epithelium) regenerate if stem