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Abstract:An internal combustion engine generally utilizes a conventional four stroke

process including an intake stroke, compression stroke, expansion stroke,

and exhaust stroke and in addition to this four stroke process, adds a

secondary process having two additional strokes for scavenging thecombustion chamber with fresh air. This two stroke scavenging process

employs a fresh air intake stroke and a fresh air exhaust stroke to exhaust

any remaining burnt and unburnt gases from the combustion chamber

Abstract:A six-stroke internal combustion engine with reciprocating pistons wherein

the six strokes are the admission of air, the first compression accompanied or

followed by a possible cooling, a second compression followed by a

combustion, the first expansion producing a usable work, the secondexpansion producing also a usable work and finally the discharge of the

combustion gases, this engine, whose combustion is either with spark-

ignition (gasoline version) or with auto-ignition (diesel version), will include

preferably a multiple of five non-uniform cylinders, and will have an energy

efficiency of up to 30% higher than that of a four-stroke internal combustion

engine.

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. The thermodynamic cycle for the four-stroke IC engine wasdeveloped by Dr. N. A. Otto, in 1876. The cycle proceeds as follows:

The cycle begins when the intake valve opens and a mixture offuel and air is drawn into the cylinder from the intake manifold.The piston is pulled towards the crankshaft, to the left in thefigure, at constant pressure because the valve is open. Themotion of the piston is called a stroke. Stage 1 is the beginningof the intake stroke.

At the end of the intake stroke, the intake valve is closed andthe piston is moved back towards the combustion chamber.

Since the valves are closed, the pressure and temperature areincreased by the adiabatic compression. Stage 2 is thebeginning of the compression stroke.

At the end of the compression stroke, the pressure in thecombustion chamber is a maximum. The spark plug in amodern engine, or the contact switch of the Wright engine, thengenerates an electric spark which ignites the fuel-air mixture.

Stage 3 is the beginning of the combustion process.

Combustion occurs very quickly in an IC engine and occurs atconstant volume in the combustion chamber. The high pressureforces the piston back towards the crankshaft. Stage 4 is thebeginning of the power stroke.

At the end of the power stroke, heat is rejected to thesurroundings as required by the second law ofthermodynamics. Stage 5 is the beginning of the heat rejection.

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Following heat rejection, the exhaust valve is opened and theresidual gas is forced out into the surroundings to prepare forthe next intake stroke. Stage 6 is the beginning of the exhauststroke.

At the end of the exhaust stroke the conditions have returned to Stage 1

conditions and the cycle repeats itself.

Five-stroke

Engines based on the five-stroke cycle are a variant of the four-stroke

cycle. Normally the four cycles are intake, compression, combustion,

and exhaust. The fifth cycle added by Delautour[3] is refrigeration.

Engines running on a five-stroke cycle are claimed to be up to 30

percent more efficient than equivalent four-stroke engines.

Six-stroke

The six stroke engine captures the wasted heat from the 4-stroke Otto

cycle and creates steam, which simultaneously cools the engine while

providing a free power stroke. This removes the need for a cooling

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system, making the engine lighter while giving 40% increased

efficiency over the Otto Cycle.

Beare Head Technology combines a four-stroke engine bottom end

with a ported cylinder, which closely resembles that of a two-stroke:

thus, 4+2 = six-stroke. It has an opposing piston that acts in unison

with auxiliary low pressure reed and rotary valves, allowing variable

compression and a range of tuning options.

What is working principles of the six sroke engine inautomobiles?

A six stroke engine describes a number of different approaches in the

internal combustion engine to capture the waste heat from the four

stroke Otto cycle and use it to power an additional power and exhaust

stroke of the piston.

Designs either use steam or air as the working fluid for the additional

power stroke.

As well as extracting power, the additional stroke cools the engine andremoves the need for a cooling system making the engine lighter and

giving 40% [1] increased efficiency over the Otto Cycle. The pistons

in a six stroke engine go up and down six times for each injection of

fuel.

The six stroke engine has 2 power strokes, one fuel, one steam or air.

The currently notable six stroke engine designs include Crower's six

stroke engine, the Bajulaz engine and the Six-stroke engine

(Trivandrum).

The Beare Head engine is called a six stroke by its designer but stands

apart from the others. It uses a second opposed piston in each cylinder

which moves at half the cyclical rate of the main piston, thus giving

six piston movements per cycle. It does not use any additional

working fluid.

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"Six-stroke engine (Trivandrum)"

In the six-stroke engine developed by the students of College of

Engineering, Trivandrum, India, the first four strokes are the same as

a four stroke internal combustion engine. After the exhaust stroke,

instead of air/fuel mixture (as in case of petrol engines), fresh air is

sucked into the cylinder from the air filter, and is removed during the

sixth stroke. The valve overlaps have been removed and the additional

two strokes have been provided for better scavenging, using air

injection. The engine shows 40% reduction in fuel consumption and

dramatic reduction in pollution. Its specific power is not less than that

of a four-stroke petrol engine. The engine can run on a variety of

fuels, ranging from petrol and diesel to LPG. An altered engine shows

a 65% reduction in CO pollution when compared with the four stroke

engine from which it was developed.

The TrivandrumTeam includes Aaron Joseph George, Arun K Nair,

Boby Sebastian, and Krishnaraj U. It took them almost two years to

develop the engine. A four-stroke Honda engine was experimentally

altered to build the new one. Former Honda chief technician Anil CC

assisted the project. The idea regarding the modification was proposed

and practically implemented by Anil while the students formulated the

theories and helped develop the engineering aspects of the IC engine.

Its features are:-

Reduction in fuel consumption

Dramatic reduction in pollution

Better scavenging and more extraction of work per cycle

Lower working temperature makes it easy to maintain optimum

engine temperature level for better performance

Less friction, so less wear and tear

The six-stroke engine does not require any basic modification to the

existing engines. All technological experience and productionmethods remain unaltered.

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FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a fuel efficient internal combustion engine

system employing scavenging strokes to scavenge gases out of the cylinder

after combustion. More particularly, the present invention is directed to an

internal combustion engine which utilizes the intake, compression, power

and exhaust strokes of a conventional four stroke internal combustion engine

(the first process) and additionally utilizes an intake air only stroke and air

exhaust stroke (collectively, the second process) which function to scavenge

the combustion chamber after the first process.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the invention to improve the fuel consumption of

an internal combustion engine by utilizing a four stroke internal combustionfirst process with a two stroke scavenging process to enhance the fuel

efficiency of ah internal combustion engine;

it is a second object to provide a fuel supply device which supplies fuel

during the first conventional four stroke internal combustion process and

which can supply fresh air during a second scavenging process in order to

clean the burnt and unburnt gases from the combustion chamber to prevent

their deterioration of the propagation of combustion within the combustion

chamber when ignition of the freshly introduced air/fuel mixture is achieved;

it is a still further object of the present invention to provide a fuel supply

apparatus for an internal combustion engine which is designed to supply air

flow to the combustion chamber during the intake stroke at a rate

substantially proportional to the supply of fuel to the internal combustion

engine during the intake stroke to thereby allow the introduction of a

constant air/fuel ratio in the internal combustion engine, preventing the

mixture from being overly lean during some throttle openings or overly rich

during other throttle openings;

it is still further object of the present invention to perform the above

mentioned scavenging process every third crankshaft revolution, increasing

the total number of revolutions per complete cycle of the engine to three.

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OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the invention to improve the fuel consumption of

an internal combustion engine by utilizing a four stroke internal combustion

first process with a two stroke scavenging process to enhance the fuel

efficiency of ah internal combustion engine;

it is a second object to provide a fuel supply device which supplies fuel

during the first conventional four stroke internal combustion process and

which can supply fresh air during a second scavenging process in order to

clean the burnt and unburnt gases from the combustion chamber to prevent

their deterioration of the propagation of combustion within the combustion

chamber when ignition of the freshly introduced air/fuel mixture is achieved;

it is a still further object of the present invention to provide a fuel supplyapparatus for an internal combustion engine which is designed to supply air

flow to the combustion chamber during the intake stroke at a rate

substantially proportional to the supply of fuel to the internal combustion

engine during the intake stroke to thereby allow the introduction of a

constant air/fuel ratio in the internal combustion engine, preventing the

mixture from being overly lean during some throttle openings or overly rich

during other throttle openings;

it is still further object of the present invention to perform the above

mentioned scavenging process every third crankshaft revolution, increasingthe total number of revolutions per complete cycle of the engine to three.

Compression Stroke

The rocker arms 12 and 13 now follow the base circles 15a of the intake cam

IN and the exhaust cam EX to close the intake valve 10 and the exhaust

valve 11 and the mixture is compressed by the up-stroke of the piston 3.

Expansion Stroke

The rocker arms 12 and 13 are still following the base circles 15a of each of

the intake cam IN and the exhaust cam EX and the compression mixture is

sparked by each of the spark plugs 26 and 27 shown in FIG. 2, thus

obtaining good flame expansion.

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Exhaust Stroke

The rocker arm 13 follows the primary exhaust cam 18 to lift up the exhaust

valve and the exhaust gas is emitted from the combustion chamber. The

above description is generally similar to the output generation of a

conventional four-stroke internal combustion engine which corresponds to

the first process developed by two crankshaft revolutions and two complete

back and forth strokes of the piston. The present invention next conducts the

second process which is completed by one revolution of the crankshaft and a

single back and forth stroke of the piston.

Intake Stroke (Second Process)

The rocker arm 12 follows the secondary intake cam 17 to open up the

intake valve 10. In a very small quantity of time before the intake valve 10 islifted, the air passage 9 is opened by activation of the solenoid 23 to open

the air passage. The control device 22 controls the solenoid 23 according to

the signal of the pulse generator 21. The piston 3 moves from top dead

center to bottom dead center and only fresh air is conducted into the

combustion chamber 4 from the air passage 9 with comparative low flow

resistance.

Exhaust Stroke (Second Process)

The rocker arm 13 follows the secondary exhaust cam 19 to open up theexhaust valve 11. The piston 3 moves from the bottom dead center to the top

dead center and the conducted fresh air in the cylinder pushes out the

remaining burnt gas and cools the interior surface of the cylinder. In the past

the maximum accepted limit of the compression ratio was approximately

10:1. However, the present embodiment can obtain the higher maximum

compression ratio about 15:1.about.16:1 by the present scavenging process

of the good remaining burnt gas exhaust and the improvement of the cooling

efficiency, resulting in the improvement of the combustion pressure.

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The Six Stroke Engine

Based on the Ducati V-Twin.

NAMEhe Beare Head Six Stroke was named such after its inventors fresh thinkingngenuity of combining both a Four Stroke Internal Combustion Engine bottom end,

lus a= Two Stroke Engine resembling top end, thus 4 stroke plus 2 stroke = SIXtroke. 4+2=6

Due to the radical hybridisation of Two- and Four-Stroke Technology, the Beareead Technology achieves increased torque and power output, better fuel economynd cleaner burning with reduced emissions, longer service intervals, and

onsiderably reduced tooling costs when compared with a conventional OHC Four-

troke design.

Exaggerated claims? Marketing hype? Judge for yourself - we will attempt to givelmost complete Beare Technology Related documentation on-site combined with

ownloads of various supporting spreadsheets, graphics and animations which in

oncert will give an excellent overview of the Dual Opposed Piston Internal

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ombustion Engine concept. For the knowledgeable mechanic or engineer, ithould soon become obvious that our claims are worth further investigation.

Unlike most other development companies presenting a new invention, our Sixtroke Engine Developments Company is not calling for investors, we are not

ooking for shareholders, were not interested in hand outs or questionably acquired

overnment grants, and intend to continue our research and development usingur own funds and resources, until such time as this extraordinary Dual Opposed

iston Beare Engine Technological breakthrough has been optimised to productioneady status.

We welcome expressions of interest from engine manufacturers and are happy topeak with you about the implementation in the future of this technology.

Theory

NEW ARTICLE - 17/05/2007 - Malcolm Beare writes on the subject

of Swept Volume and how it relates to the Beare Head Six Strokeengine design. You can download the article by clicking here

THE APPLICATION

The Six stroke Beare Head simply replaces the conventional FourStroke Engines Cylinder Head. The manufacturers Four Stroke bottom

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end remains unchanged. The Beare Head utilises an Overhead shortstroke Crankshaft and Piston arrangement which opens and closes

Inlet and Exhaust Ports leading through the Upper Cylinder Liner. TheBeare Head Technology can be fitted to new production engines or

retro-fitted via aftermarket replacement.

The top and bottom Crankshaft are connected via a drive chain or

toothed belt. The top Crankshaft and Piston become positive powercontributors to the overall power output, thus increasing the amount of

power/torque generated by up to a possible 35%, in essence, The

Beare Dual Opposed Piston Six Stroke Engine results in having TwoPistons Operating and producing power within each cylinder. The

absence of parasitic CAMS, valves, springs, retainers and guides; allup about 45 dependant and power absorbing driven components,

mean that the Beare Engines bottom end has been freed up from

labouring and is allowed to spin up producing more power. Theadditional torque and power further generated by the Top Piston/Crank

of the Beare Cylinder Head is then channeled via the connecting drivechain to the Bottom Crank. The net result of the Beare Dual Opposed

Piston Engine, is Tractor type pulling torque never before realised froma Four Stroke Internal Combustion Engine, the sort of steady

locomotive type performance gained can only be likened to Steam

Locomotives or Diesel Engines.

The net result is:- Power/torque increases of 35% (conservative)

- Simpler and less expensive manufacturing and tooling- Reduction of cylinder head reciprocating parts- Lower maintenance costs due to less wearing parts (Beare cylinder

head)- Longer service intervals possible due to lower operating

temperatures recorded

- Increased economy due to the Beare Head's ability to operate andproduce full operating power of much higher AIR to FUEL ratios

- Reduction of exhaust emmissions due to less fuel being consumedand the real prospect of meeting EURO-4 emmssions standards, doing

away with the catalytic convertor- Possible one piece engine block and head casting, saving moremanufacturing costs

- Usable torque at as low as idle means suitability for lower RPMoperation and adaptation to CVT (Constantly Variable Transmission)

The benefits of the Beare Head Six Stroke cylinder head are countless.

Our planet and our living environment are under Green House

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Emissions threat, our future and that of our children can certainlybenefit from the fuel savings, engine size reduction, & emission

reductions this Dual Opposed Piston Beare Engine Technology hasproven to deliver, all of the additional environmental benefits promised

by the simplicity of production, reduction of wearing parts, and the

countless other benefits are a real bonus to our currently stressedresources.

This page is graphics intensive and contains a number of charts

which,

although abbreviated for the web, will take some time to load.The originals are available as a zipped Excel file here. (371k)

Volume Angle Diagrams

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Pressure Volume Diagrams

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Torque Angle Diagrams

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Phase Change

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Comparison Chart

Velozeta six-stroke engine

This six-stroke engine was developed by the students ofCollege of Engineering,Trivandrum,India.In the six-stroke engine after the exhaust stroke, fresh air is injected

into the cylinder,which expands in volume forces the piston down for an additional

stroke.The valve overlaps have been removed and the additional two strokes have been

provided for betterscavenging, using air injection. The engine shows 40% reduction infuel consumption[citation needed] and dramatic reduction in pollution. Its specific poweris not

less than that of a four-stroke petrol engine[citation needed] . The engine can run on a variety of

fuels, ranging frompetroland diesel to LPG. An altered engine shows a 65% reduction inCO pollution when compared with the four stroke engine from which it was

developed[citation needed] .

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Its features are:-

Reduction in fuel consumption

Dramatic reduction in pollution

Better scavenging and more extraction of work percycle

Lower working temperature makes it easy to maintain optimum enginetemperature level for better performance

The six-stroke engine does not require any basic modification to the existingengines. All technological experience and production methods remain unaltered.

Better Cooling due to additional air strokes - which completely/partially removes

the need for cooling system.

Lighter Engine

Bajulaz Six Stroke Engine was invented in 1989 by the Bajulaz S A ,company ofGeneva,

Switzerlandand hasU.S. Patent 4,809,511 and U.S. Patent 4,513,568 .

Six stroke engine

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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This article may requirecleanup to meet Wikipedia'squality standards.Pleaseimprove this article if you can. (November 2006)

A term six stroke engine describes two different approaches in the internal

combustion engine developed since the 1990s to improve its energy and

environmental efficiency.

Some designs capture the waste heat from the four stroke Otto cycle orDieselcycleand use it to power an additional power and exhaust stroke of the piston.

Designs either use steam or air as the working fluid for the additional power

stroke. As well as extracting power, the additional stroke cools the engine andremoves the need for a cooling system making the engine lighter and giving

40%[1] increased efficiency over the Otto Cycle or Diesel Cycle. The pistons in a

six stroke engine go up and down six times for each injection of fuel.

These six stroke engines have 2 power strokes, one fuel, one steam or air. Thecurrently notable six stroke engine designs include Crower's six stroke engine, the

Bajulaz engine and the Velozeta Six-stroke engine.

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The clever new six-stroke design was developed by 75-year-old mechanic

and tinkerer Bruce Crower, a veteran of the racing industry and a the owner

of a company which produces high-performance cams and other engine

parts. He had long been trying to devise a way to harness the waste heat

energy of combustion engines, and one day in 2004 he awoke with an ideawhich he immediately set to work designing and machining. He modified a

single-cylinder engine on his workbench to use the new design, and after

fabricating the parts and assembling the powerplant, he poured in some gas

and yanked the starter rope. His prototype worked.