5th Report

Hammers:

A hammer is a tool meant to deliver an impact to an object. The most common uses are for driving nails, fitting parts, forging metal and breaking up objects. Hammers are often designed for a specific purpose, and vary widely in their shape and structure

Steam hammer:

A steam hammer is a power-driven hammer used to shape forgings. It consists of a hammer-like piston located within a cylinder. The hammer is raised by the pressure of steam injected into the lower part of a cylinder and falls down with a force by removing the steam. Usually, the hammer is made to fall faster by injecting steam into the upper part of the cylinder

Hammer drill:

A hammer drill, also known as a "rotary hammer", "roto-hammer" or "impact drill", (see also rotary hammer drill) is a rotary drill with a hammering action. The hammering action provides a short, rapid hammer thrust to pulverize relatively brittle material and provide quicker drilling with less effort.

Trip hammer:

Trip hammers were usually raised by a cam and then released to fall under the force of gravity. Historically, trip hammers were often powered by a water wheel.

Manual hammers:

Mechanical Hammer

Air Hammer:

Seamless tubes (Mannesmann):

Classification according to frame design:

C frame:

Straight Side Presses:

Horn presses:

Arch press:

Gap frame:

Classification on the basis of source of power:

Manual Presses:

These are either hand or foot operated through levers, screws or gears. A common press of this type is the arbor press used for assembly operations.

Mechanical presses:

These presses utilize flywheel energy which is transferred to the work piece by gears, cranks, eccentrics, or levers.

Hydraulic Presses:

These presses provide working force through the application of fluid pressure on a piston by means of pumps, valves, intensifiers, and accumulators. These presses have better performance and reliability than mechanical presses.

Pneumatic Presses:

These presses utilize air cylinders to exert the required force. These are generally smaller in size and capacity than hydraulic or mechanical presses, and therefore find use for light duty operations only

Classification according to driving mechanism:

Hand Screw Press:

Excentric press:

Crank press:

Hydraulic Screw Press:

Toggle press: