5PEN PC DOC

ABSTRACT:

Five pen pc shortly called as P-ISM (“Pen-style Personal Networking Gadget Package”),

is a gadget package including five functions: a CPU pen, communication pen with a cellular

phone function, virtual keyboard, a very small projector, and a camera. P-ISM’s are connected

with one another through short-range wireless technology. The whole set is also connected to the

Internet through the cellular phone function. This personal gadget in a minimalist pen style

enables the ultimate ubiquitous computing.

Fig: diagram of 5 pen pc technology

1.INTRODUCTION:

Communication Technology is rapidly increasing in this modern world. Computer, as

everybody knows, is the main communication machine used. Since the time computer has been

invented scientists and engineers have been trying making it more and more compact. As a

result we have been able to enjoy the numerous functionalities provided by the computers

whether it is Home PCs or Laptops. Systems have still been reduced so that they are used in

Mobiles I-pods and I-phones have replaced the laptops to an extent.

Now pen Computers come into spot light. These are computers in the shape of different

pens each having a function of its own and when combined together give us the usage of a full-

blown computer. It is a computer broken apart into pieces, each the size of a pen. The screen

and keyboard are projected onto surfaces.

The P-ISM (Pen-style Personal Networking Gadget Package) consists of a package of 5

pens that all have unique functions, combining together to create a virtual computing

experience. This is only a prototype under developing stage by NEC Corporation. The P-ISM

system was based on "low-cost electronic perception technology" produced by the San Jose,

California, firm of Canesta, Inc., developers of technologies such as the "virtual keyboard"

(although the last two pictures shown above appear to be virtual keyboard products sold by

other companies such as VKB rather than components of the P-ISM prototype).

P-ISM’s are connected with one another via a short-range wireless technology. The first pen is

a CPU, second is a camera, one creates a virtual keyboard, another projects the visual output

and the last one is a communicator (a phone). The whole set is connected to the Internet

through the cellular phone function.

Personal computers will soon be replaced by Pensonal computers(miniature computers

with Bluetooth Technology).Look at the forthcoming computers within our pockets(Prototype

Pictures).

The computers are based on Electronic perception technology , low cost and practical

technology that permits machines and electronic devices of any nature to “see” by tracking

nearby objects in three dimensions in real time.

5 pens general usage of P-ISM

5 pens with base battery

2.HISTORY :

The conceptual prototype of the "pen" computer was built in 2003. The prototype device,

dubbed the "P-ISM", was a "Pen-style Personal Networking Gadget" created in 2003 by

Japanese technology company NEC. The P-ISM was featured at the 2003 ITU Telecom World

held in Geneva, Switzerland. However, although a conceptual prototype of the "pen" computer

was built in 2003, such devices are not yet available to consumers.At ITU Telecom World we

got a sample of another view by NEC. It is based on the pen and called P-ISM. This concept is so

radical that we went to Tokyo to learn about this. The design concept uses five different pens to

make a computer. One pen is a CPU, another a camera, one creates a virtual keyboard, another

projects the visual output and thus the display and another a communicator (a phone). All five

pens can rest in a holding block which recharges the batteries and holds the mass storage. Each

pen communicates wireless, possibly Bluetooth.

P-ISM is a gadget package including five functions: a pen-style cellular phone with a

handwriting data input function, virtual keyboard, a very small projector, camera scanner, and

personal ID key with cashless pass function. P-ISMs are connected with one another through

short-range wireless technology. The whole set is also connected to the Internet through the

cellular phone function. This personal gadget in a minimalistic pen style enables the ultimate

ubiquitous computing. The prototype displayed at ITU Telecom World was apparently the only

sample that was built and reportedly cost $30,000. Thus, while the prototype may have proved

that such technology is feasible, it is currently unclear when - or even if - personal computers of

this type will become available to the public. Several years on from the initial launch of the P-

ISM conceptual prototype, there seems to be little information available about future plans.

3.GENERAL COMMUNICATION DEVICES:

3.1Central processing unit (CPU)

Central processing unit (CPU) is the portion of a computer system that carries out the

instructions of a computer program, and is the primary element carrying out the computer's

functions. The central processing unit carries out each instruction of the program in sequence,

to perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system. This term

has been in use in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s. The form, design and

implementation of CPUs have changed dramatically since the earliest examples, but their

fundamental operation remains much the same. Early CPUs were custom-designed as a part of

a larger, sometimes one-of-a-kind, and computer. However, this costly method of designing

custom CPUs for a particular application has largely given way to the development of mass-

produced processors that are made for one or many purposes. This standardization trend

generally began in the era of discrete transistor mainframes and minicomputers and has rapidly

accelerated with the popularization of the integrated circuit (IC). The IC has allowed

increasingly complex CPUs to be designed and manufactured to tolerances on the order of

nanometers. Both the miniaturization and standardization of CPUs have increased the presence

of these digital devices in modern life far beyond the limited application of dedicated

computing machines. Modern microprocessors appear in everything from automobiles to cell

phones and children's toys.

Fig: CPU (ANCIENT)

3.2 Keyboard

It is a typewriter keyboard, which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys, to act as

mechanical levers or electronic switches. With the decline of punch cards and paper tape,

interaction via teletype-style keyboards became the main input device for computers.

Fig:Key Board

Despite the development of alternative input devices, such as the mouse, touch screen, pen

devices, character recognition and voice recognition, the keyboard remains the most commonly

used and most versatile device used for direct (human) input into computers.

A keyboard typically has characters engraved or printed on the keys and each press of a

key typically corresponds to a single written symbol. However, to produce some symbols

requires pressing and holding several keys simultaneously or in sequence. While most

keyboard keys produce letters, numbers or signs (characters), other keys or simultaneous key

presses can produce actions or computer commands.

In normal usage, the keyboard is used to type text and numbers into a word processor, text

editor or other program. In a modern computer, the interpretation of key presses is generally

left to the software. A computer keyboard distinguishes each physical key from every other and

reports all key presses to the controlling software. Keyboards are also used for computer

gaming, either with regular keyboards or by using keyboards with special gaming features,

which can expedite frequently used keystroke combinations. A keyboard is also used to give

commands to the operating system of a computer, such as Windows' Control-Alt-Delete

combination, which brings up a task window or shuts down the machine. It is the only way to

enter commands on a command-line interface.

3.3 Led Projector:

Small and powerful solid-state technology enables a new category of tiny personal

projection, called PICO. Samsung engineering combines advanced projection technology with

internal memory and battery power to redefine the PICO category. Measuring 2.75" W x 1.5" H

x 2.75" D and weighing less than a smartphone, this palm-sized projector means you're always

ready to share.

Looks like Toshiba's serious about the 20-ounce pocket projector we peeped a couple of

months ago. The specs are now out on what is officially known as the TDP-FF1A, and it looks

like this one could be, er, handy. To keep power consumption down, the projector uses an LED,

and Toshiba rates it at 18 watts — not exactly something that will light up a room, but a bulb

that could make this adequate for presentations in small offices.

Battery life is rated at about 2 hours on a charge; not surprisingly, the battery weighs about

as much as the projector itself, so be prepared to double your weight calcs if you're planning on

doing on-the-go presentations. The projector — expected to retail for about $800 — also has

the ability to display JPEGs directly from a USB thumb drive, making it possible to give PC-

free presentations (if you're willing to give up all of your fancy PowerPoint transitions, that is).

Fig:Led Projector

3.4.LCD PROJECTOR

LCD projector is a type of video projector for displaying video, images or computer data

on a screen or other flat surface. It is a modern analog of the slide projector or overhead

projector. To display images, LCD (liquid crystal display) projectors typically send light from a

Metal halide lamp through a prism that separates light to three poly silicon panels – one each

for the red, green, and blue components of the video signal. As polarized light passes through

the panels (combination of polarizer, LCD panel and analyzer), individual pixels can be opened

to allow light to pass or closed to block the light. The combination of open and closed pixels

can produce a wide range of colors and shades in the projected image.

Fig: Lcd Projector

3.5 Basics Communication Technologies:

There are different communication devices such as routers, hub, switches and brides.

These devices are required to transmit the data between one computer and another.  Based on

the infrastructure of your network, you need to use different devices.  Hub and Switch are the

LAN devices and the router is a LAN/WAN device.  These devices provide the medium of

sending and receiving the data and connect the LAN and WAN segments of a network.  The

other network devices are gateways, CSU/DSU, wireless access points, modems, ISDN

adapters, proxy, firewall, multiplexer, digital media receiver, load balancers and the NIC

adapter.

Bluetooth wireless technology is a short-range communications technology intended to

replace the cables connecting portable and/or fixed devices while maintaining high levels of

security. The key features of Bluetooth technology are robustness, low power, and low cost.

The Bluetooth Specification defines a uniform structure for a wide range of devices to connect

and communicate with each other.

The structure and the global acceptance of Bluetooth technology means any Bluetooth

enabled device, almost everywhere in the world, can connect to other Bluetooth enabled

devices located in proximity to one another. Connections betweeen Bluetooth enabled

electronic devices allow these devices to communicate wirelessly through short-range, ad hoc

networks known as piconets. Piconets are established dynamically and automatically as

Bluetooth enabled devices enter and leave radio proximity meaning that you can easily connect

whenever and wherever it's Convenient for you.

Each device in a piconet can also simultaneously communicate with up to seven other

devices within that single piconet and each device can also belong to several piconets

simultaneously. This means the ways in which you can connect your Bluetooth devices is

almost limitless.

A fundamental strength of Bluetooth wireless technology is the ability to simultaneously

handle data and voice transmissions. which provides users with a variety of innovative

solutions such as hands-free headsets for voice calls, printing and fax capabilities, and

synchronization for PCs and mobile phones, just to name a few.

The range of Bluetooth technology is application specific.  The Core Specification

mandates a minimum range of 10 meters or 30 feet, but there is no set limit and manufacturers

can tune their implementations to provide the range needed to support the use cases for their

solutions.

3.6 Digital Camera

A digital camera (or digicam) is a camera that takes video or still photographs, or both,

digitally by recording images via an electronic image sensor.Many compact digital still

cameras can record sound and moving video as well as still photographs. Most 21st century

cameras are digital. Digital cameras can do things film cameras cannot: displaying images on a

screen immediately after they are recorded, storing thousands of images on a single small

memory device, recording video with sound, and deleting images to free storage space. Some

can crop pictures and perform other elementary image editing. The optical system works the

same as in film cameras, typically using a lens with a variable diaphragm to focus light onto an

image pickup device. The diaphragm and shutter admit the correct amount of light to the

imager, just as with film but the image pickup device is electronic rather than chemical. Digital

cameras are incorporated into many devices ranging from PDAs and mobile phones (called

camera phones) to vehicles. The Hubble Space Telescope and other astronomical devices are

essentially specialized digital cameras A digital camera (or digicam) is a camera that takes

video or still photographs, or both, digitally by recording images via an electronic image sensor

Fig: Front And Back View Digital Camera

4. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF P-ISM:

This explains that which function executes from which part in the pen and the figures are

shown below:

P-ISM’s are connected with one another via a short-range wireless technology. The first

pen is a CPU, second is a camera, one creates a virtual keyboard, another projects the visual

output and the last one is a communicator (a phone). The whole set is connected to the Internet

through the cellular phone function.

5. P-ISM FUNCTIONS:

"P-ISM “Pen-style Personal Networking Gadget Package”. P-ISM is a gadget package

including five functions: The computers are based on Electronic perception technology , low

cost and practical technology that permits machines and electronic devices of any nature to

“see” by tracking nearby objects in three dimensions in real time.

Fig: Functions Of P-Ism

Electronic Perception Technology (EPT) is a low-cost, single-chip imagining technology

that enables electronic components to form a 3-D map of their surroundings and see what their

users are doing. One of the first applications is a "virtual keyboard", a system that projects a

laser keyboard onto a table and detects which keys the user is pressing by watching their hands

and sensing which spots on the table their fingers are touching. Current EPT keyboards can

sense up to 400 characters per minute.

By sending out pulses of light and timing how long it takes for the reflection to return to

the sensor, EPT systems can determine depth. This is quite different than the way in which the

human brain determines depth, but still effective. EPT systems can accurately determine

brightness and distinguish objects from one another.

5.1CpuPen:

The functionality of the CPU is done by one of the pen. It is also known as computing

engine. The recent advance in pen-based computing and mobile devices empowers many

innovative e-learning systems with increased interactivity and improved features. We proposed

an innovative and pen-based COMPAD simulator to enhance both education and research in

computer systems. Being model-based, our proposed system is adaptive and different from

many commercially available Windows based emulators that are customized for specific

computer architectures. Clearly demonstrated the innovative uses of pen-based input to

facilitate detailed explanation or interactive discussion in algorithm design, mathematical

problem solving.

5.2.Communication Pen:

P-ISMs are connected with one another through short-range wireless technology. The

whole set is also connected to the Internet through the cellular phone function. They are

connected through Tri-wireless modes (Blue tooth, 802.11B/G, and Cellular) which are made

small and kept in a small pen like device.

Fig:Diagram Of Communication Pen

In this it describes about a pen based user interface for easy and natural user interaction

with a wall projection display. visual pen is a vision-based for real-time detection and tracking

of a pen that completely replaces mouse and keyboard .the low computational complexity of

its algorithm renders it easy to implement with low cost ,low power embedded hard ware thus

allowing portability and intergrability .the architecture of the system is described and

experimental results and presented and commented.

5.3 Led Projector:

The role of monitor is taken by LED Projector which projects on the screen. The size of the

projector is of A4 size. It has the approximate resolution capacity of 1024 X 768. Thus it is

gives more clarity and good picture

As projector units become smaller, brighter and more energy conserving, they are bound to

become an integral part of many mobile phone models in the future. We lay out and discuss the

design space of interactions and applications enabled by such devices.

Fig:LED projector using pen

5.4. Virtual Keyboard:

The Virtual Laser Keyboard (VKB) is the ULTIMATE new gadget for PC users. The VKB

emits laser on to the desk where it looks like the keyboard having QWERTY arrangement of

keys i.e., it uses a laser beam to generate a full-size perfectly operating laser keyboard that

smoothly connects to of PC and Most of the handheld devices (PDA's, tablet PC's). The I-Tech

laser keyboard acts exactly like any other "ordinary" keyboard.

The virtual keyboard works on any flat surface which uses a camera to track the finger

movements. On this specific keyboard, this is done by a 3D IR sensor technology with laser

technology to get a full size keyboard. You can also change the language input and the layout

of the keyboard. This is more efficient than normal keyboards because you don’t have to buy a

new keyboard for every language. They are also easy to maintain as they are prone to damage

by spills, drops and other malfunctions.

A complete system is presented which mimics a QWERTY keyboard on an arbitrary

surface. The system consists of a pattern projector and a true-3D range camera for detecting the

typing events. We exploit depth information acquired with the 3D range camera and detect the

hand region using a pre-computed reference frame. The fingertips are found by analyzing the

hands’ contour and fitting the depth curve with different feature models. To detect a keystroke,

we analyze the feature of the depth curve and map it back to a global coordinate system to find

which key was pressed. These steps are fully automated and do not require human intervention.

The system can be used in any application requiring zero form factor and minimized or no

contact with a medium, as in a large number of cases in human-to-computer interaction, virtual

reality, game control, 3D designs, etc.

5.4.1. Features Of Virtual Keyboards:

VKB settings can be changed by Sound: Controllable Virtual Keyboard sound effects (key

clicks)

Connection: Connection to the appropriate Laptop/PC

Intensity: Intensity of the projected Virtual Keyboard4444444444444444444444444

Timeouts: coordinated timeouts to conserve the Virtual Keyboard's battery life555555444

Sensitivity: adjustable sensitivity of the Virtual Keyboard445545514445554555

Auto-repeat: Allows the VKB to automatically repeat a key based on prescribed parameters.

Fig: virtual keyboard using pen

Typing is still a requirement for entering data into a computer. The smallest key that can be

comfortably used on a standard keyboard is roughly 19mm across (3/4 inch). Portable

computers usually have keys smaller than the keys found on a standard computer keyboard. A

solution to the problem of a keyboard size is to abandon standard keyboard designs and use a

chordic keyboard. On standard keyboards, a data character is made by pressing either a single

key or a key combined with the shift key or another key on the keyboard. A chordic keyboard

uses only one key for each finger. Combinations of keys are pressed simultaneously to enter a

data character or some other type of data, similar to producing a chord (note) on a piano.

Pressing combinations of keys in this way is called ''chording''.

5.5 Satellite Navigation System:

Satellite navigation system is designed for using in automobiles. It typically uses a GPS

navigation device to obtain date which locates the user on a road in the unit's map database.

Using the road database, the unit can give directions to a specific location. This device has a

great advantage to people like me who have very little map skills and get lost easily. A survey

conducted by NuStats has also found out that drivers equipped with in-car navigation units use

12 percent less fuel than people without them because they use a shorter route.This device

typically sticks to your car window but most cars now have navigation system built in. Even

built-in navigation systems take up a lot of internal space and may not look very attractive. The

keyboard of the P-ISM is projected with 3D IR Sensor. Both technology’s could be combined

together to create a unique item. The navigation could be designed as just a pen which project

the navigation on the car screen and the inferred sensor could allow the user to type in the

destination in the navigation system.

There are many advantages and disadvantages to this product. The advantages of the

navigation pen are: it will take less internal and external car space, it’s easier to handle and use,

you can re-size the screen to your preference, it can decrease crime level as the pen is less

visible and it’s easier to take it out with you, the size and weight will be a lot less and it can

potentially cost less as it will use less material.

There are also many disadvantages to this product. Some of these are: as it is touch screen,

you would have to touch the screen of your car to enter the destination which can leave

fingerprint of the screen- this problem can be resolved my using speck recognition-, the

visibility of the map could change depending on the light of the day i.e. when its sunny the light

could reflect on the screen which decreases the visibility, as the pens are small you could lose

them easily which would cost you a lot and it could also block some of your view.In conclusion

I believe that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. The pen navigation system is very

unique and there would be a great demand in the market for a product like this

5.6. Digital Camera:

We had digital camera in the shape of pen .It is useful in video recording, video

conferencing, simply it is called as web cam. It is also connected with other devices through

Blue tooth. The major advantage it is small which is easily portable. It is a 360-Degree Visual

Communication Device. We have seen video phones hundreds of times in movies. However,

why can't we act naturally in front of videophone cameras? Conventional visual

communications at a distance have been limited due to the display devices and terminals. This

terminal enables showing of the surrounding atmosphere and group-to-group communication

with a round display and a central super-wide-angle camera.

Fig: Pen with camera

Technical Specifications:

Video Compression: AVI video format. 352x288CIF

Read/Write Speed: 2M~5M per second.

Compatible With: Windows 98 SE/ME/2000/XP/MAC OSX/Linux

Video File Size: Approximately 2MG per minute.

Record Time: Up to 15 hours – 2GIG version.

Working Time: Approximately one hour recording on full charge. This may decrease after

time.

Battery Type: Lithium Ion.

Charging Voltage: DC-5V

Interface: USB 2.0

Capacity: 2GIG or 4 GIG (depending on model chosen)

The digital pen uses ink and handles just like a normal ballpoint pen, but it also contains a

digital camera, an advanced image processing system and a communication unit, for example

for wireless Bluetooth connection to a mobile phone. The digital pen uses ink and handles just

like a normal ballpoint pen, but it also contains a digital camera, an advanced image processing

system and a communication unit, for example for wireless Bluetooth connection to a mobile

phone. When using a digital pen, a tiny camera in the pen registers the pen's movement across

the grid surface on the paper and stores it as series of map coordinates. These coordinates

correspond to the exact location of the page you’re writing on. The paper consists of an

ordinary paper of any size provided with a dot pattern, invisible to the eye that is either pre-

printed or printed on a laser printer.

In developing a standard digital camera test, the following items are considered:

Camera characteristics and functions,

Consumer usage, and

Conditions during use.

All characteristics of a digital camera are considered when designing a standard

test.Functions such as zoom, flash, resolution and LCD use are incorporated into a test. For

battery-specific tests, the electrical characteristics of the camera are also considered because

many battery tests are conducted as computer-controlled simulations rather than in the device.

5.7. Battery:

The most important part in the portable type of computer is its battery. Usually batteries

must be small in size and work for longer time. It comes with a battery life of 6+. For normal

use it can be used for 2 weeks.

Batteries are all over the place -- in our cars, our PCs, laptops, portable MP3 players and

cell phones. A battery is essentially a can full of chemicals that produce electrons. Chemical

reactions that produce electrons are called electrochemical reactions. In this article, you'll

learn all about batteries -- the basic concept at work, the actual chemistry going on inside a

battery, rechargeable versions, what the future holds for batteries and possible power sources

that could replace them.

If you look at any battery, you'll notice that it has two terminals.  One terminal is marked

(+), or positive, while the other is marked (-), or negative. In an AA, C or D cell (normal

flashlight batteries), the ends of the battery are the terminals. In a large car battery, there are

two heavy lead posts that act as the terminals.

Electrons collect on the negative terminal of the battery. If you connect a wire between the

negative and positive terminals, the electrons will flow from the negative to the positive

terminal as fast as they can (and wear out the battery very quickly -- this also tends to be

dangerous, especially with large batteries, so it is not something you want to be doing).

Normally, you connect some type of load to the battery using the wire. The load might be

something like a light bulb, a motor or an electronic circuit like a radio.

Inside the battery itself, a chemical reaction produces the electrons. The speed of electron

production by this chemical reaction (the battery's internal resistance) controls how many

electrons can flow between the terminals. Electrons flow from the battery into a wire, and must

travel from the negative to the positive terminal for the chemical reaction to take place. That is

why a battery can sit on a shelf for a year and still have plenty of power -- unless electrons are

flowing from the negative to the positive terminal, the chemical reaction does not take place.

Once you connect a wire, the reaction starts. The ability to harness this sort of reaction started

with the voltaic pile.65

6. MERITS AND DEMERITS:

6.1MERITS:

Portable

Feasible

Ubiquitous computing is done

Wi-Fi technology

6.2 DEMERITS:

Currently Unclear

Cost

Battery

Keyboard Concept Is Not New

Positioning is main

7. CONCLUSION:

The communication devices are becoming smaller and compact. This is only an

example for the start of this new technology. We can expect more such developments in the

future.