5G-Chine_Mobile

A Peek at 5G

Dr. Chih-Lin I C M C C C h i e f S c i e n t i s t , W i r e l e s s Te c h n o l o g i e s

H e a d o f G r e e n C o m m u n i c a t i o n R e s e a r c h C e n t e r

J o h a n n e s b e r g S u m m i t M a y 2 0 , 2 0 1 3

10 Years Ago

2013/5/20 2 Chih-Lin I

Y2003, ITU-R M.1645 Key Technologies

4G Standardization Is Maturing

2013/4/8 3 Chih-Lin I

Number of TD-LTE BS: reached 20,000 by the end of 2012; covering 15 cities in mainland; dual mode in HK

Deploy 200,000 BS in 2013; at least 1M terminals Networks

Large Scale Trial (before 2012): 6 cities Expanded Scale Trial (2012): 15 cities Commercial Network (2013): 100 cities

Cities

6

TD-LTE an Example

2013/5/20

EU FP7 and Horizon 2020

METIS

WWRF Vision 2020

Looking Towards 2020

3GPP Roadmap to Y2020

UK 5G InnovaSon Center

China IMT-2020

5 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20

Multiple Voices

NSN

DoCoMo

Huawei

2013/5/20

And Many Candidates Tech.

Inno. Access Infrastructure

HetNet CoMP

DAS

Relay/Terminal Relay

Small Cell

Terminal Intelli.

ICICeICIC

ArScial Collision Mana.

AAA/AAS

Phy Network Coding

Beyond OFDM(A) Transmission

Massive MIMO

Single Band Full Deplux

M2MMTC

D2D

CogniSve Radio

AdapSve Access

Carrier Aggregate

Prototyping

Cloud Network

Delay Tolerant

Random Coding

Neural Network

GMC

SocCell

Liquid Cell

Hyper Dense NW.

2013/5/20

Too Early for a Comprehensive Picture

Exploring it Piece by Piece

2013/5/20

GREEN

Are We Burning Our Earth?

New Orleans acer Hurricane Katrina

10 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20

ICT Also Responsible

2007 Worldwide ICT carbon footprint: 2% Comparable to the global aviaSon industry

Expected to grow to 4% by 2020

PredicSon with power ecient technologies

11 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20

CMCC Actual Scale

2012: 1.11M BSs, 14.3B Kwh

Great Work Done

BS HW (Antenna, PA), Architecture (Relay, AP), OperaLon (Sleep mode,

Scheduler) Energy gain of 75-92%

Improved macro-cell hardware(H), Cell micro DTX (D), Antenna muLng (A), Low loss antennas

(L), AdapLve sectorizaLon (S) Energy savings of 60-70% with no more than 5%

Throughput degradaLon

Mobile VCE SimulaSon Results Energy saving Performance 12 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20

More Ambitious Goals

13 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20

Green Meter Announcement

2013/4/8 14 Chih-Lin I

May 13, 2013, GreenTouch Announces:

Research study shows net energy consumpSon in networks can be reduced by up to 90% by 2020 while taking into account trac growth

SOFT

Cost, Efficiency, Agility

GSM/GPRS/EDGE

TD-SCDMA

TD-LTE WiMax/WLAN

GSM UE

TD-SCMDA UE

TD-LTE UE

Diverse ApplicaLons & Infrastructures

Complex carrier networks: proprietary nodes and hardware. New std and features launch cycle too long: new variety of box needs to be integrated. 16 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20

SDR: First considered in the 90s

SDR: radio is software defined

Basic idea: signal processing developed based on reconfigurable HW platforms

(however the platform may be vendor-

proprietary) instead of special-purpose

platform

Motivation: Different radio products implemented on

the same platform

Software reuse among different products

Remote software download and updates

TradiSonal dedicated HW

SDR

SDR products: soc modem, SDR controller, etc.

2013/5/20

SDN: It is happening out there

SDO to hit the target of SDN

90+ member companies of all sizes, including network operators, service providers, etc., from not only IT but telecom

industry

SDN: Separation of control plane and data plane GPP-based programmable controller to reconfigure routing

policy (i.e. control plane)

Potential benefits Cost reduction on routers thanks to software programmability

from GPP

Facilitate orchestration of networks Services-aware routing

2013/5/20

Network Function Virtualization

NFV Approach Classical Network Appliance Approach

BRAS

Firewall DPI

CDN

Tester/QoE monitor

WAN AcceleraSon Message

Router

Radio/Fixed Access Network Nodes

Carrier Grade NAT

Session Border Controller

PE Router SGSN/GGSN

Fragmented non-commodity hardware. Physical install per appliance per site. Hardware development large barrier to entry for new

vendors, constraining innovaLon & compeLLon.

Independent Socware Vendors

High volume Ethernet switches

High volume standard servers

High volume standard storage

Orchestrated, automaSc & remote install.

CompeSSve &

InnovaSve Ecosystem

Independent Socware Vendors

19 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20

RRU

RRU

RRU

RRU

RRU

RRU

RRU

Virtual BS Pool

Distributed RRU

High bandwidth optical transport

network

Real-time Cloud for centralized

processing

Centralized Control and/or Processing Centralized processing

resource pool that can support 10~1000 cells

Collaborative Radio Multi-cell Joint scheduling and

processing Real-Time Cloud Target to Open IT platform Consolidate the processing

resource into a Cloud Flexible multi-standard

operation and migration Clean System Target Less power consuming Lower OPEX Fast system roll-out

C-RAN Concept

Soc base-staLon seamlessly scalable and upgradable

Cloud RAN: Soft BS, Virtualization

Virtualization of RAN for agility Multiple BBU entities in the same physical

servers Multi-RAT support: RAT on virtual

machine Accommodate Service on Edge

Cost reduction and resource utilization improvement:

Resource sharing and dynamic allocation according to traffic variation

Live migration to consolidate resource, further to save power

GSM/TD-S/TD-L RRU

IT HW plamorms (x86, Power, ARM)

RT-Hypervisor

Virtual Machine Pool/ RT-Guest OS (Linux)

CPRI adaptor

Socware Stack

GSM BS

Socware Stack

TD-SCDMA BS

Standard servers

GSM UE

CPRI

TD-SCMDA UE

TD-LTE UE

Socware Stack

TD-LTE BS

CDN/ Web cache

Service VM

L1 accelerator

2013/5/20

Common IT plamorm based soluSons for both radio access network and core network

5 Pearls

CMCC Vision on 5G

IT based core network

Anchor BS

Nano AP

Virtual BB pool

ContentPool

Anchor BS

Anchor BS

Massive RRU

Relay D2D

relay

D2D

Indoor Coverage

User Centric Access Network SupporLng exclusive usage of available spectrum of

each user

Green Soc Two Major Themes

Our Pearls EE-SE Co-design

System No More Cells

Rethinking Signaling/Control

Invisible BS 2G Spectrum Refarming 23 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20

Great potenSals on energy saving exists

EE and SE Co-Design

Kliper et.al., IEEE JSTQE, 2011

Ultra dense network roll out Trac uctuaSon in both Sme and spaSal domains

Spectrum eciency no longer the only criteria

Energy eciency must be considered side by side in mobile internet era Increasing gap between trac and revenue growth

Increasing gap between trac and EE growth

2013/5/20

EE and SE Co-Design

Monotonic tradeo

Given EE, two SE values exist

But, Non-monotonic when considering circuit power

PredicSon based on Shannon:

Component level power model Dierent conguraSons

More complicated with extended power models

Imperfect CSI, block fading channel, coherence of 2, 4, 8, or 16 symbols (bosom to top)

Perfect CSI (serving cell

only)

Data from Bell Labs

2013/5/20

EE and SE Co-Design

A unied EE/SE theory framework should be developed to harmonize the research acSviSes

Conclusion draw from EARTH project -- Antenna muLng can save power

Conclusion draw from LSAS theory -- More antennas, less power

2013/5/20

LSAS (Tom Marzetta)

Always tradeo between EE and SE with a given # of antennas (M) EE/SE relaSonship is improved in whole by increasing # of antennas

When only radiated power is considered When addiSonal computaSon power is also considered (grow with #Antenna)

EE increases with SE in low SE region Fewer antennas is more helpful to improve the EE in low SE region As the computaSon capability (Gops/Was) increases, the EE is enhanced and using more antennas is preferred 27 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20

Circuit Power: #Subcarriers & #Antenna (Zhikun Xu)

When the number of subcarriers can be switched on or o adapSvely in MIMO-OFDM systems

When the subcarriers are not used up, EE increases with SE Increasing # of antennas benets the EE only when no subcarriers are available. Increasing the frequency resources is more energy ecient than increasing the spaSal resources

Note: Solid part of each cure denotes the case that the subcarriers are not used up Dash part denotes the case that no subcarriers are available

28 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20

No More Cells

The Cellular concept has accompanied wireless network from 1G to 4G

Douglas H. Ring & W. Rae Young 1947 at Bell Lab

4G

1G 3G

2G

StaSc network planning & semi-staSc opSmizaSon

Cell-centric RRM Increased at network scale

and power consumpSon

Its Sme to break out from the Cells for 5G Dierent perspecSves to match 2020 needs

Resources Network-level RRM Network-level CRM Network-level SP

Protocols Signalling/data

decuoping UL/DL decoupling

Deployment Infrastructure

virtualization Spectrum

virtualization Centralization

Features No cell physical ID No inter-cell

interference No handoff

2013/5/20

No More Cells

Hetnet From single-layer coverage to mulS-layer coverage

CoMP From cell-level SP to coordinatd SP among CoMP set

Short-term sales-up potenSal

BCG2

Signalling/data decuoping

DAS From cell-level SP to

centralized SP

CoMP processor

Coordinated multi-points Tx/Rx

DAS: Distributed (large-scale) antenna system

RRU RRU RRU RRU

BBU

macro

micro

femto

Break in coverage Break in RRM

The wireless world has been on the way , more or less, to revamp the cell concept.

Break in Signal Processing Break in Protocol

2013/5/20

No More Cells

RRU

RRU

RRU

RRU

RRU

RRU

RRU

X2+

Virtual BS Pool Virtual BS Pool

PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC

Distributed congurable wideband RRU

High bandwidth opLcal transport

network

Real-Lme Cloud for centralized processing

C-RAN will be a fundamental element in the architecture of next generaSon wireless network

Common plamorm, socware based soluSon

Live (soc) computaSon resource transiSon

Inherent cooperaSon

BS virtualizaSon 2013/5/20

No More Cells

Amorphous Cells Concept

MS3 MS2

MS1

MulLcast control

DL & UL data transmission

DL data transmission

UL data transmission

Unied broadcast control

Multiple layers

The transiSon from Network-Centric to User-Centric Rethink Handover

Signaling & Data Decoupling DL&UL Decoupling 2013/5/20

Rethinking Signaling/Control

New signaling mechanism should be invesSgated to reduce the signaling overhead

Voice

Data signaling raSo(DSR) is extremely low of IM TradiSonal voice: 100~600

IM(QQ):

Throughput Rate vs. Packet loss rate & Latency in Wireless Network

Rethinking Signaling/Control

Conventional TCP protocol designed for wire network with low latency and low packet loss rate,

Extreme poor performance over wireless network

u Exciting finding by MIT with coding for TCP over WiFi From 1Mbps to 16Mbps under typical 2% packet loss.

From 0.5Mbps to 13.5Mbps under 5% packet on the train.

TCP should be revisited for mobile environment -- To improve the QoE of end customers

2013/5/20

Network Coding Mobile TCP over 3GPP

p New protocol stack only at mobile access network A Network Coding layer between TCP

layer and IP layer

p Practical Scheme for deployment A TCP agency added in gateway Keeping TCP protocol unchanged in

core network

Rethinking Signaling/Control

2G

TD

LTE

BTS BSC/PCU

NodeB RNC

S1-U

Gb

Iu

S1-MME S11

Serving GW PDN GW

S5/8

S4 S3

Gn

GGSN SGSN

MME

eNodeB

Internet

2013/5/20

Making BS Invisible"

p TradiSonal BS roll out is no longer sustainable Environment unfriendly Hard for site selecSon, network planning

High cost High power consumpSon

Bottom PCB with

RF transceiver

, FPGA, and

Memory

Power & Fiber Outputs

PA Integration

Antenna

Layers

36 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20

Bottom PCB with RF transceiver, FPGA,

and Memory

Power & Fiber Outputs

PA Integration

Antenna Layers

Front View Side View

Two layers of radiators

Three layers of stacked radiators

Terminal RFIC based Wide band patch antenna Flexible

15cm X 15cm X 7cm

5cm X 5cm X 3cm

?

Making BS Invisible"

Small form factor compact RF/Antenna module is the key

37 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20

Making BS Invisible"

Large scale cooperaSon over modules is necessary (LSAS) Sweet Spot of N*M

Energy saving Performance Enhancement

Cap. Enhancement Central processing for cooperaSon

38 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20

2G Spectrum Refarming

p 3GPP LTE-Hi for hotspot and indoor (3.4GHz-3.6GHz)

p 4.4GHz 4.5GHz and 4.8GHz 4.99GHz (Chinese government in WP5D 15th meeSng)

p 3.3GHz 3.4GHz (Chinese companies) p 3.4 3.6 MHz, 3.6 4.2GHz and 4.4 4.9GMHz

(Japan) p 5925 6425MHz (Russia) and above 6GHz (Kor) p

Channel measurement at 28GHz (from Samsung)

10x (?) more spectrum for 2020

Candidate spectrum proposed by dierent stakeholders

pHigh frequency bands are idenSed and/or invesSgated for capacity enhancement pCoverage and mobility?

2013/5/20

OpSon 1: Used by LTE

p Operates in standalone mode, with network architecture, signaling, PHY/MAC protocols, etc, being optimized p With full duplex? p IoT optimized?

poperates as an umbrella signaling network, to assist LTE, WiFi, etc in 2020

OpSon 2: New OpSmized Design

UL DL 1710 1785 1805 1880

ETACS/EGSM TACS/GSM GSM

880 890 905 915 925 935 950 960

DCS 1800: 75MHz DL/UL

1755 1785 1850 1880 1920 1980 2010 2025 2010 2170 2200 2300 2400

GSM900: 35MHz DL/UL

3G: 150MHz TDD, 120MHz FDD TDD FDD

ETACS/EGSM TACS/GSM GSM

2G Spectrum Refarming

pBeyond 2020, 2G networks are very likely not needed.

p2G spectrum refarming should be considered seriously.

2013/5/20

Summary

The future must be Green Soc from core network to RAN Thoughts on 5G:

EE/SE Co-design No more Cells Rethink Signaling/Control BS invisible Refarm 2G spectrum

41 Chih-Lin I 2013/5/20

Thank you Thank You