Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................8 PROJECT AT A GLANCE .................................................................................. 13 1 NEED AND JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROJECT ....................................15 1.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 15 1.2 POWER SCENARIO IN INDIA.......................................................................................................... 16 1.3 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROJECT .................................................................................................. 22 2 DETAILS ABOUT THE PROPOSED PROJECT LOCATION IN ANANTAPUR DISTRICT ............................................................................................ 25 2.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 25 2.2 AREA AND POPULATION IN ANANTAPUR DISTRICT ................................................................... 25 2.3 RAINFALL AND CLIMATE ............................................................................................................. 26 2.4 TEMPERATURE.............................................................................................................................. 26 2.5 PROPOSED PROJECT LOCATION.................................................................................................. 27 2.6 LAND REQUIREMENT AND LAYOUT OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT .............................................. 29 2.7 LAND AVAILABILITY AND ACQUISITION FOR THE PROJECT ....................................................... 30 3 RADIATION DATA AND PROJECTED POWER GENERATION FROM THE PROJECT ACTIVITY .............................................................................31 3.1 SIMULATION REPORT OF THE POWER PLANT ............................................................................. 33 4 SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGY ..............................................................37 4.1 EXISTING SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES .................................................................. 37 4.2 THIN FILM MODULES ................................................................................................................... 38 4.3 COMPARISON BETWEEN CRYSTALLINE, THIN FILM AND CPV.................................................. 38 TECHNOLOGIES ........................................................................................................................... 38 4.4 CONCLUSION ON SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGY ......................................................................... 39 5 POWER PLANT DESIGN CRITERIA .......................................................40 5.1 DESIGN AND SIMULATION PROJECTIONS BY PVSYST ............................................................ 40 5.2 PV POWER PLANT ENERGY PRODUCTION ................................................................................. 41 5.3 PV POWER PLANT CAPACITY FACTOR ......................................................................................... 41 5.4 SELECTION OF INVERTER AND COMPONENTS ........................................................................... 42 5.5 SELECTION OF MONITORING SYSTEM ....................................................................................... 42 5.6 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR CABLES AND JUNCTION BOXES AND ................................................... 43 6 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONETS OF THE POWER PLANT ............44 6.1 SOLAR PV MODULES ................................................................................................................... 45 6.2 CENTRAL INVERTORS .................................................................................................................. 45 6.1 MODULE MOUNTING SYSTEM...................................................................................................... 47 6.1 GRID CONNECTED EQUIPMENTS ................................................................................................. 48 6.2 MONITORING SYSTEM ................................................................................................................ 48 6.3 CABLES AND CONNECTORS......................................................................................................... 49 6.4 BUILDINGS HOUSING FOR ELECTRONICS (POWER HOUSE) ..................................................... 50 6.5 OTHER FACILITIES INCLUDING WATER ...................................................................................... 51 7 SPECIFICATION OF MAIN PLANT AND EQUIPMENT .............................52 8 POWER EVACUATION AND INTERFACING WITH GRID ........................58 8.1 POWER EVACUATION SYSTEM.................................................................................................... 58
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Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
NOTE :- PEAK DEMAND - 121891 MW , ENERGY REQUIREMENT - 794561 MU FOR THE YEAR 2008-2009(AS PER 17TH EPS REPORT),OCCURENCE OF PEAK AS PER ACTUAL POWER SUPPLY POSITION IN THE MONTH(S) - MARCH & OCTOBER
SOURCE:- DMLF DIVISION
Table 1-: Capacity Addition during 11th Plan (As Per Planning Commission)
LIKELY POWER SUPPLY POSITION AT THE END OF 2011-12* (DEMAND AS PER 17TH EPS)
Table 1-: Likely Capacity Addition During 11th Plan
FOR THE STATE : - ANDHRA PRADESH
Type
Stat
InstalledCapacity
CapacityAddition
BenefitsShares of
Commissioned/
Last UnitCommissioning
*SIMHADRI ST-II T U 1,000.00 1,000.00 384.00 (2010-2012)
*ENNORE JV COST T U 1,000.00 1,000.00 129.00 (20110-2012)
KAIGA U-3 & 4 N U 440.00 440.00 123.00 COMM 220.00 11.04.2007
*KALPAKKAM PFBR N U 500.00 500.00 142.00 (2010-2011)
778.00
NAGAR SAGAR TR H U 50.00 50.00 50.00 (2010-2012)
VIJAYWADA TPP T U 500.00 500.00 500.00 COMM 500.00 ( 8.10.2009 )
KOTHAGUDEM ST-V T U 500.00 500.00 500.00 (2011-2012)
JURALA PRIYA H U 234.00 234.00 234.00 COMM 117.00
27.06.2009
RAYALSEEMA 4&5 T U 420.00 420.00 420.00 COMM 210.00 20.11.2007
PULICHINTALA H U 120.00 120.00 120.00 (2011-2012)
KAKTIYA TPP T U 500.00 500.00 500.00 (2010-2011)
1,824.00
KONASEEMA CCGT G U 445.00 445.00 445.00 COMM 280.00 (3.5.2009)
GAUTAMI CCGT G C 464.00 464.00 464.00 COMM 464.00 (3.5.2009)
KONDAPALLI CCPP G U 233.00 233..00 233.00 COMM 233.00 (5.12.2009)
KONDAPALLI CCPP T U 366.00 366.00 133.00 (2010-2011)
1,275.00
3,757.00 GRAND-TOTAL:-
LIKELY CAPACITY ADDITION DURING 11TH PLAN INCLUDING BEST EFFORT PROJECTS
CENTRAL-SECTOR
CENTRAL-SECTOR TOTAL:-
STATE-SECTOR
STATE - SECTOR TOTAL:-
PRIVATE-SECTOR
PRIVATE-SECTOR TOTAL:-
Note: U-Under Construction Project; C-Commissioned * Share from Central Sectors Projects for which M.O.P. Orders are yet to be issued is tentative.
Table 1-: Peak & Energy Table
YEAR
Requirment as per 17th
ActualDemand
Requirementas Per 17th
ActualRequire2004-05 8,168 8,093 48,928 50,416
2005-06 8,810 8,999 54,683 53,030
2006-07 9,597 10,208 59,311 60,964
2007-08 10,454 10,048 64,331 64,139
2008-09 11,388 10,823 69,775 71,592
2009-10 12,406 75,680
2010-11 13,514 82,085
2011-12 14,721 89,032
PEAK ENERGY
PEAK AND ENERGY TABLE (As per 17th EPS Report vs Actual achieved)
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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From the above tables i.e. Actual power Supply position for the state of Andhra
Pradesh, it clearly indicates the consistent power deficit of around 8.5 % at the
end of 9th Plan continuing till 2009-10 up to 11.2%.
1.3 Justification for the project
For the state of Andhra Pradesh the projected peak load is 13,514 MW (2010-
11). Table above shows Installed capacity as on 31 Mar 2010 for the state of
Andhra Pradesh, actual power supply position and capacity addition during 11th
Plan for the state of Andhra Pradesh. As per present power scenario for the
state of Andhra Pradesh the peak deficit during 2006-07 is around 4.4 %. As
per table above power deficit for the state of Andhra Pradesh during 2011-12
will be around 1,255 MW (March 2010). Thus Considering projected power
demand for the state of Andhra Pradesh, power generated from the proposed
power plant may be utilized for the state of Andhra Pradesh.
The proposed solar photovoltaic power plant (SPV) will contribute to bridge the
gap between the demand and availability of power.
As per the proposed transmission evacuation plan, the proposed power station
shall be connected to APTransco 33/132 kV substation at Raydurng, in
Anantapur district. Therefore it is considered that the proposed power plant will
be able to contribute to the power requirement of the Andhra Pradesh, hence it
is justified for construction of the Proposed 5 MW Power Plant at Veerapuram
village, Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh.
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The project activity will result in an annual average reduction of about 8000
tCO2e per year by replacing electricity generated from fossil fuel fired power
plants. The project activity has been essentially conceived to generate GHG
emission free electricity by making use of available Solar PV in the project area.
The project - being a renewable energy project - leads to sustainable
development through efficient utilization of naturally available sunlight and
generation of additional employment for the local stakeholders.
The Government of India in its Interim Approval Guidelines for CDM Projects
has stipulated a set of indicators for describing the sustainable development of
a project. According to these indicators, the sustainability of the described
project is as follows:
Social well being:
The project activity is generating employment opportunities for professional,
skilled and unskilled labour for development, engineering, procurement
operation and maintenance of the project activity. The development of project
specific infrastructure will result in employment and income generation activities
for local personnel. In addition various kinds of maintenance work would
generate employment opportunities for local contractor on regular and
Economic well being:
• The project activities will bring an additional permanent basis. The project
activity would promote the application of solar energy based power
generation investment to the tune of INR 650 million, which is a
significant investment in a green field project in the region.
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• The project activities will act as a nucleus for other economic activities
such as setting up of cottage industries, shops, hotels etc. around the
area, contributing to the economic development around the project area.
• Proposed power plant will use solar radiation as resource for generation
of power helps conserve foreign exchange by reducing the need to import
fossil fuels to meet the country’s growing energy demand.
Environmental well being: Solar energy based power generation system will be a robust clean technology
involving latest state of the art renewable energy options to be used for the
purpose of electricity generation. The project implementation will lead to
reduction of SOx, NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions. It therefore
results in an improvement in air quality and human health.
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2 DETAILS ABOUT THE PROPOSED PROJECT LOCATION IN ANANTAPUR DISTRICT
2.1 Introduction
Anantapur district is situated in 13'-40'' and 15’-15'' Northern Latitude and 76'-
50'' and 78'-30'' Eastern Longitude. It is bounded by Bellary, Kurnool District
on the North, Cuddapah and Kolar Districts of Karnataka on South East and
North respectively. The District is roughly oblong in shape, the longer side
running North to South with a portion of Chitradurg District of Karnataka State
intruding into it from west between Kundurpi and Amarapuram Mandals.The
Distance of State capital Hyderabad from the district is of ~300 Kms. The
District of Anantapur has a fairly good elevation which provides the District with
tolerable climate throughout the year. It has a gradual fall from the South
North towards the valley of the Pennar in Peddavadugur, Peddapappur and
Tadipatri Mandals. There is a gradual rise in Hindupur, Parigi, Lepakshi,
Chilamathur, Agali, Rolla and Madakasira Mandals in the South to join the
Karnataka Plateau where the average elevation is about 2000 feet is above the
mean sea level.
2.2 Area and population in Anantapur District
There are 929 inhabited villages, out of 964 total Revenue villages of the
District. The number of villages in size group of 500 to 1999 forms 36.71% of
the total inhabited villages . The size group of 2000 to 4999 forms 38.64% and
the size group of 5000 to 9999 forms 12.81% only out of total villages, while 84
villages ( 9.04%) of total inhabited villages are having population less than 500.
There are 26 villages with more than 10,000 population excluding Towns.
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2.3 Rainfall and Climate
Anatapur district being far from the East coast, it does not enjoy the full
benefits of North East Monsoons and being cut off by the high western Ghats,
the South West Monsoon are also prevented from penetrating and punching
the thirst of these parched soils. It is therefore seen, the district is deprived of
both the monsoons and subjected to droughts due to bad seasons. The normal
rainfall of the district is 553.0 MMs. by which it secures least rainfall when
compared to Rayalaseema and other parts of Andhra Pradesh. The normal
rainfall for the South West Monsoon period is 338.0 MMs. which forms about
61.2% of the total rainfall for the year. The failure of the rains in this South
West monsoon period of June to September will lead the District to drought by
failure of crops. The rainfall for North East monsoon period is 156.0 M.Ms. only,
which forms 28.3% M.Ms. of the total rainfall for the year (October to
December).
2.4 Temperature
March, April and May are warm months when the normal daily maximum
temperature ranges between 29.1 C to 40.3 C. November, December and
January are cooler months when the temperature falls about 15.7 C,
Hindupur, Parigi, Lepakshi, Chilamathur, Agali, Rolla and Madakasira Mandals
being at High Elevation are more cooler than the rest of the Mandals in the
District.
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2.5 Proposed Project location
The Proposed project site T Veerapuram is located in Raydurg Taluk of
Anantapur district. Below figure shows the project location. The site selection
for a Solar Power Plant is pre-dominantly determined by solar insulation
availability & grid connectivity for exporting power. Equally important are other
essential factors/considerations such as:
• Availability of adequate land for Power Plant and green belt development
• Soil condition like soil bearing capacity etc.
• Proximity to State Electricity Grid enabling economic evacuation of power
generated
• Availability of water and power during construction
• Availability of local work force in the proximity
• Availability of load centres (towns) within vicinity
• Easy accessibility of the site
The proposed project site in Veerapuram village, Anatapur district of Andhra
Pradesh State is found favoring all the above factors to a reasonable extent.
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Figure : Location map of Anatapur district in India:
Figure : Map showing proposed project site within Anantapur
Proposed Project site for 5 MW SPV Power Project at Veerapura
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2.6 Land requirement and layout of the proposed Project
The Power Plant will be located in the proposed site in Veerapuram village. The
total land area required for the project is about 25 acres. The Power Plant
layout can be divided into two sections as:
1. Module mounting area and
2. Control room
The major portion of the site will be used for module mounting. As described in
the Power Plant Scheme the module will be mounted in a steel structure which
will be installed facing South direction for best efficiency & optimal power
output. The steel structure will be grouted using RCC foundation. The proposed
structure is designed to hold 8 modules per structure and which can withstand
wind speed up to 100km/hr. The structure is designed in such a way that it will
occupy minimum required space without sacrificing the performance.
The interconnection cables are routed within the structure and the output cables
from the modules are taken through proper size conduit to the smart connect
box. The output cables from the junction boxes are routed under the ground
through conduits or cable trenches. Man holes for regular maintenance and
inspection will be provided at equal distances as required. Earthing for all the
module mounting structures will be done using copper or GI conductors. The
earth pits for module area will be provided as the electrical standards. In order
to protect the modules from lightning, lightning protection will be provided in
the module mounting area. Sufficient number of lightning arrestor will be
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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provided in this area alone for protection of modules. The proposed power plant
layout is enclosed as annexure 5.
2.7 Land availability and acquisition for the project
As mentioned in the previous section, solar power plant of 5 MW capacity
requires about 25 acres of land. The land required by the project is already
acquired on lease basis.
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RADIATION DATA AND PROJECTED POWER GENERATION FROM THE PROJECT
ACTIVITY
Actual site of installation is T. Veerapuram village, Raydurg taluka, located in
Anatapur district. The latitude and longitude of this site is 14.36 0N and 76.56
0E respectively. Solar radiation available is for Anatapur in Andhra Pradesh is
considered for simulation of project parameters.
Latitude : 14.70 ºN
Longitude : 77.60 ºE
Below is the weather data for Anatapur district. The data is taken from surface
metrology and solar energy data NASA earth science enterprise programme and
is based on 22 years of yield data analysis.
The irradiation and temperature details considered for the design purpose are
as below:
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Table -: Temperature details considered for design:
Average annual solar insulation at horizontal angle taken for Anantapur based
on the above chart: 5.34 KWh/m²/day.
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2.8 Simulation report of the power plant
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Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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The above simulation analysis is carried out based on the fixed structures.
Saisudhir energy and NVVN has entered into a power purchase agreement for
the capacity of 5 MW +5% and -0% power plant capacity. The entire generated
energy will be sold to NVVN on a long term basis. With this arrangement to
optimize the power generation potential, it was envisaged to install PV modules
of 5.250 MW capacity to take care of the DC side energy losses in the system.
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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3 SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGY
The key components of a photovoltaic power system are the photovoltaic cells
(sometimes also called solar cells) interconnected and encapsulated to form a
photovoltaic module (the commercial product), the mounting structure for the
module or array, the inverter (essential for grid-connected systems and) and
charge controller (for off-grid systems only).
3.1 Existing Solar Photovoltaic Technologies
Crystalline silicon technologies currently account for most of the overall cell
production in the IEA PVPS countries. Single crystal PV cells are manufactured
using a single-crystal growth method and have commercial efficiencies between
15 % and 18 %. Multicrystalline cells, usually manufactured from a melting and
solidification process, are less expensive to produce but are marginally less
efficient, with conversion efficiencies around 14 %.
PV cells made from ribbons demonstrate an average efficiency around 14 %.
Thin film cells, constructed by depositing extremely thin layers of photovoltaic
semi-conductor materials onto a backing material such as glass, stainless steel
or plastic, show stable efficiencies in the range of 7 % to 13 %. Thin film
materials commercially used are amorphous silicon (a-Si), cadmium telluride
(CdTe), and copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) and Copper Indium
Selenium (CIS) Thin film modules.
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S.No. Parameter Crystalline Thin Film CPV
Types of Materials Mono/ Polycrystalline Amorphous Silicon, CdS,
CdTe, CIGS, CIS etc.
Triple Junction GaAs Cell &
lens , tracker
1 Handling Better protection against breakage
Not Guaranteed Installation would be at site. Not Guaranteed
2 Power Efficiency 12-16% 6-8% 20-25%3 Technology Well Developed Under development Under development4 Module Weight Light weight modules Heavier modules Heaviest System5 Area utilization Higher power generated
per unit area due to high efficiency
Less power per unit area Highest power per unit area
6 Temperature Effects Temperature variations affect output
Lesser impact of Temperature variations
High variation
7 Irradiance Used particularly for Normal radiations
Better performance with Diffuse radiations
Works only for Normal radiations
8 Module quantity Lesser nos required due to high efficiency
More modules required Lowest nos. of modules required
9 Output per MW installed
High Varies as per sunlight condtion and various locations
Very High(due to tracking)
10 Transportation Cost Lower Transportation cost
Higher cost High cost
11 Mounting Structure Fewer Mounting structure required per KW power
More Mounting structures required
Sophisticated mounting required
12 Land Requirement Lesser space required per MW
Largest space requirement Lowest space required
13 Inverter High inverter flexibility Limited inverter flexibility Limited inverter flexibility14 Cost High cost per Watt Lower cost per Watt Highest cost per Watt14 Environment Effects Less Sensitive Sensitive Sensitive
15 Stabilization Stable power output from at initial stages
Stability achieved after 4-6 months
Unknown
16 Availability Easily available Limited supply Limited supply17 Health hazards Made from non toxic
material (Si)Toxic materials used for thin films (CdS, CdTe)
Unknown
18 Power Degradation Less degradation Highest degradation for initial 5-7 years
High Degradation
19 Plant Maintenance Less maintenance required after installation so lower cost
Highest maintenance required, so highest maintenance cost
High maintenance required, so high maintenance cost
20 Repair Relatively easy Difficult due to complex structure
Difficult due to complex structure
21 Cooling Requirement Not required Not required Requires active or passive cooling which could increase cost
22 Cabling Well known, and lower cabling losses
Well Understood but yet difficult due to higher number of arrays, along with high cabling losses
Complex and under development. Cabling losses expected to be high
23 Suitability for Grid Technology
Good Good Good
3.2 Thin film modules
Thin film modules are potentially cheaper to manufacture than crystalline cells
have a wider customer appeal as design elements due to their homogeneous
appearance present. Disadvantages, such as low-conversion efficiencies and
requiring larger areas of PV arrays and more material (cables, support
structures) to produce the same amount of electricity.
3.3 Comparison between Crystalline, Thin film and CPV
Technologies
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3.4 Conclusion on selection of technology
Each of the above technologies has their own particular strengths and
weaknesses which have played a role in our decision making. We have decided
to use Copper Indium Selenium (CIS) Thin film modules as our
preferred technology. These advantages and disadvantages in addition with
their market availability and costing are the key parameters on basis of which
we have taken our technological decision.
In the section 4.3 we have compared various technologies, and justification of
why we have chosen a particular technology. In the below section we have
compared the CIS, vis a vis Crystalline, Amorphous technologies.
Characteristic CIS Crystalline Amorphous Remarks
Module efficiency ++ +++ - cSi still higher than CIS, but the difference is getting narrow
Appearance ++ - ++ CIS modules are all black, and therefore very compatible with roof settings
High Temperature - - ++ CIS and cSi do not have anneal effect
Light soaking effect ++ - - CIS has light soaking effect. Higher than nominal power output is expected.
Degradation ++ ++ - Degradation rate is almost same as Crystalline.
Production cost ++ + ++ Unit production cost of CIS modules expected to decrease by mass production but not in the case of crystalline module.
Manufacturing process + - + Simple processes allow a smooth and efficient production overall
Environmental contribution
+ - + Environmentally friendly - CIS modules do not include toxic or pollutant elements
Energy payback time ++ + ++ Manufacture of CIS modules require only a small amount of energy
Issue of raw materials ++ - + CIS products do not use silicon, thus less affected by market volatility
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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4 POWER PLANT DESIGN CRITERIA
The Power Plant is sized on the following major criteria:
• Solar Power (average insulation available)
• Power evacuation facility in the vicinity of the proposed site along with
Grid availability on 24 Hours a day basis.
Details of the design process and are presented in the below sections.
4.1 Design and Simulation projections by PVSYST
PVSYST tool is one of the most accepted design tool for the study, sizing,
simulation and data analysis of complete PV systems. We have used this tool to
generate the most realistic energy yield simulation results which are detailed in
this report. Main features of PVSYST:
1) Detailed computation of the used components (modules, inverters, etc)
2) Simulation on hourly basis and detailed evaluation and consideration of
different loss factors.
3) Calculation of arbitrary orientated module planes (fixed and tracking
systems)
4) Most accepted and used tool to generate simulation results for big PV
power plants, as the results are based on systematic and refined
approach.
5) Program with the most accurate results and functions at the market.
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4.2 PV Power Plant Energy Production
The system lifetime energy production is calculated by determining the first-
year energy generation as expressed in kWh (AC)/kWp (AC), then degrading
output over the system life based on an annual performance degradation rate.
System degradation (largely a function of PV panel type and manufacturing
quality) and its predictability are important factors in lifecycle costs since they
determine the probable level of future cash flows. This stream of energy
produced is then discounted to derive a present value of the energy generated
to make a levelized cost calculation. The first year kWh/kWp is a function of
the:
• The amount of sunshine the project site receives in a year.
• The mounting and orientation of the system (i.e., flat, fixed-tilt, tracking,
etc.).
• The spacing between PV panels as expressed in terms of system ground
coverage ratio (GCR).
• The energy harvest of the PV panel (i.e., performance sensitivity to high
temperatures, sensitivity to low or diffuse light, etc.).
• System losses from soiling, transformers, inverters, and wiring
inefficiencies.
• System availability largely driven by inverter downtime.
4.3 PV power plant capacity factor
The capacity factor, a standard methodology used in the utility industry to
measure the productivity of energy generating assets, is a key driver of a solar
power plant’s economics.
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A PV power plant’s capacity factor is a function of the insulation at the project
location, the performance of the PV panel (primarily as it relates to high-
temperature performance), and the orientation of the PV panel to the sun, the
system electrical efficiencies, and the availability of the power plant to produce
power.
4.4 Selection of Inverter and Components
For a complete reliable system and to ensure high energy yield from the plant,
innovative components with latest technology are selected. The inverter that is
selected is of very high efficiency over a wide range of load. The inverter
operates in excess of 95.0% efficiency in comparison with the requested of 93%
efficiency.
Design lifetime of the inverter is at 35,000 hours with rated power at 40°C. This
is approximately 4.8 hours at full load per day to estimate the lifetime of 20
years.
4.5 Selection of Monitoring System
Monitoring system requirement for a large power plant like 5 MW with state of
the art technology, monitoring and analysis of is carried out. Few features are
of the monitoring system are presented as follows:
• Monitors the performance of the entire power plant (string wise
monitoring, junction boxes, inverters, etc)
• Evaluates (strings, inverter, nominal/actual value), quantity of DC Power
& AC Power produced.
• Measures instantaneous irradiation level and temperature at site. It also
measures the module back surface temperature.
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• Alerts in case of error (discrepancy in normal operation of components,
POWER CONDITIONING UNIT (Inverter) 500kVA, IP20 MAKE: AEG or equivalent Specifications: Input Voltage range 450 - 900V 8 Modules connected in series; 5200 strings
10 Cables 1 Set PVC Cu Cables 11 Lightning 1 Set Standard 9 Earthing System 1 Set Standard 10 Metering Metering panel Universal / Rema
11 Cables 1 Set Monocab/Finolex
12 Accessories Accessories for cable, interconnection
Huber + Suhner
13 PC for monitoring PC in control room Standard
14 Control Room Control Room (Design and construction)
Standard
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Table -: Technical specification of proposed solar modules at STC
Table -: Specifications of module mounting structure
Technical Specifications for a typical Solar Photovoltaic CIS Thin film module at Standard Test Conditons (STC)
Output power –Pmax (Watts) 130 Wp +/-5%
Warranted minimum Pmax 130 Wp +/-5%
Voltage at Pmax 77.0 V
Current at Pmax 1.82 A
Open-circuit voltage 109 V
Short circuit current 2.10 A
Maximum system voltage (Volts) DC 600 V
Fuse rating 15 A
Type of solar PV cell CIS Thin film
Suitability For grid connected system
Module output Multi contact plug
Certification IEC 61646
Fire rating Class C
Power warranty 10 year warranty on 90% of the minimum output
Structure Technical Specification
Parameters Specifications
Type Single axis tracking system Configuration Each structure will hold 20 modules. Material MS Galvanized Overall dimension
As per design, please refer Attachment C & D
Coating Hot dip (galvanized) Minimum of 70 Micron size Wind rating 100 km/hr (Horizontal) Tilt angle Suitable to site Foundation PCC (1:2:4) Fixing type SS 304 fasteners
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Table -: Cables speficification
Table -: Invertors specification
Cable Technical Specification
Parameters Specifications
Standard IS 1554/694-1990
Working voltage Up to 1100V
Temperature range -15 Deg C to +70 Deg C
Sizes Suitable sizes
Inverter Technical Specifications
Parameters Specifications
Input Voltage range Vpmin=500 VDC to Voc=820 VDC
Recommended solar power as input
500-580 kWp
Output Voltage 510 VAC (Phase), 400 VAC (Line)
AC outputs 5 Connectors (L1, L2, L3, N and PE)
DC inputs 4 minimum Output power 500 kW or above
Output current distortion Less than 2%
MPP range at DC rated output 500- 820 VDC Mains frequency range 50 Hz +/- 0.4% Maximum Efficiency Greater than 95 %
Operating mode Maximum Power Point Tracking (>1% accuracy)
Power factor (Cosφ) 1 Ambient temperature range 0-40 °C Relative humidity 95% non-condensing Protection Type IP20
Automatic turn on When sufficient solar generator power is available
Resetting time after AC deactivation
Minimum 2 minutes
Protection Ground fault monitoring, Reverse polarity protection, Over voltage protection.
Solar generator / Grid decoupling Through high insulation transformer.
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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Table -: Transformer specification at 33 kV side
Parameters Specifications
Transformer 1.25 MVA, 415/33 KV, 5 Nos
No. of Phases 3
Type Copper wounded transformer.
Cooling type Oil cooled (ONAN)
Installation Outdoor
Primary voltage 415V
HV 33000 volts
LV 415 volts
Vector Group Dyn 11
Percentage impedance 5%
Secondary voltage 33 kV at 33kV panel
Toppings and windings 33 kV side
Regulation at unity power factor 1.32 %
Regulation @ 0.8 power factor 4.68 %
Max Efficiency @ 36% load >99%
Efficiency (25~125% of load) @ unity power factor
98.5~99%
Efficiency (25~125% of load) @ 0.8 power factor
98~98.9%
Insulation class Class-A
Enclosure Welded steel tank and bolted cover construction.
First filling of oil Confirms to IS 335
Applicable standards IS2026
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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Table -: Transformer specification for grid interfacing at 33/132 kV
Parameters Specifications
Transformer 6.50 MVA, 33/132 KV, 1 No.
No. of Phases 3
Type Copper wounded transformer.
Cooling type Oil cooled (ONAN)
Installation Outdoor
Primary voltage 415V
HV 33000 volts
LV 11000 volts
Vector Group Will match with the grid requirement
Percentage impedance 5%
System voltage 33kV at 33 kV panel
Toppings and windings 11 kV side
Regulation at unity power factor 1.32 %
Regulation @ 0.8 power factor 4.68 %
Max Efficiency @ 36% load >99%
Efficiency (25~125% of load) @ unity power factor
98.5~99%
Efficiency (25~125% of load) @ 0.8 power factor
98~98.9%
Insulation class Class-A
Enclosure Welded steel tank and bolted cover construction.
First filling of oil Confirms to IS 335
Applicable standards IS2026
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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Table -: Monitoring system specification
Monitoring system Technical Specifications
System
The system is an innovative monitoring and analysis system for
large PV plants. It is upgradeable with CAN bus compatible
components (like junction boxes). The system supports the
diagnostic and monitoring functions for these components.
Monitoring Central system
Monitoring of central inverters and junction boxes to string level.
Measurement & storage of the temperature, irradiation, string level
current values, etc. Transmits the data required for monitoring, such
as yields and the system efficiency, to the Internet portal, where the
data is converted into straightforward diagrams and stored.
A constant target/actual analysis should enable malfunctions to be
detected in their initial stages and an immediate notification is sent
to a definable group of people.
String monitoring
junction boxes
Remote-controlled connection / disconnection should reduce service
outlay on site. The long-life electronic safety feature will optimize
system availability.
Communication Data modem (analogue/Ethernet), CAN open interface for
connecting the system components, RS 232 interface.
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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7 POWER EVACUATION AND INTERFACING WITH GRID
It is important that the power plant is designed to operate satisfactorily in
parallel with grid, under the voltage and frequency fluctuation conditions, so as
to export the maximum possible units to the grid. It is also extremely important
to safeguard the system during major disturbances like tripping, pulling and
sudden over loading during the fluctuation of the grid loads on the generating
unit in the island mode, under fault/feeder tripping conditions.
7.1 Power Evacuation System
The Direct Current (DC) from modules is converted into Alternating Current
(AC) by Inverters. The inverter outputs are given to a junction box which is
connected (using 415V XLPE cable) to the LV Panel in the control room. The
output from LV Panel is stepped up to 11kV by, Oil cooled, outdoor type
transformer located near the control room. The HV side of transformer is
connected to 11kV HT Panel in the control room (using 11kV XLPE cable). The
LV and HT Panels have all necessary metering and protection as per Power
Evacuation schematic. From the HT panel, 11kV XLPE cable runs to 11kV
metering panel and then to Double Pole (DP) Structure. DP structure is
connected to existing 33/132 kV grid by suitable Aluminum Conductors Steel
Reinforced (ACSR) conductor.
The Power evacuation system comprises of following major components:
1. Transformer – Oil immersed type with Off circuit tap changer with all
accessories
2. 415V Low Voltage (LV) Panel
3. 11kV High Tension (HT) Panel
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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4. 11kV Metering Panel
5. LT & HT cables
6. Control & Power evacuation cables
7.2 Transformers
The proposed transformer shall be installed outdoor suitable for hot, humid and
tropical climate. The transformer will be free from annoying hum and vibration
when it is in operation, even at 10% higher voltage over the rated voltage. The
noise level will be in accordance with respective standards.
The transformer will be designed and constructed so as not to cause any
undesirable interference in radio or communication circuits. The oil filled
transformer will be capable of operating continuously at its rated output without
exceeding the temperature rise limits as given below over design ambient
temperature of 50 deg C.
• In oil by thermometer 50 deg C
• In winding by resistance 55 deg C
The transformer will be designed to withstand without injury, the thermal and
mechanical effect of short circuit at its terminal with full voltage maintained
behind it for a period of 1 second. The transformer will be capable of continuous
operation at the rated output under voltage and frequency variation without
injurious heating at that particular tap for all tap positions.
Phase connections will be delta on LV side and star on HV side. HV side shall be
resistance earthed. HV side shall be suitable for connection to 11kV HT panel.
Detailed Project Report on 5 MW SPV based power plant at Veerapuram, Anantapur district. Andhra Pradesh
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LV side shall be suitable for connection to LV panel. Transformer will be
designed for over fluxing withstand capability of 110% continuous and 125% for
at least 1 minute. Further it shall be capable of withstanding 140% of rated
voltage at the transformer LV terminal for a period of 5 seconds to take into
account sudden load throw off conditions.
Overloads will be allowed within conditions defined in the loading guide of
applicable standard. Under these conditions, no limitations by terminal
bushings, off circuit tap changers or other auxiliary equipment shall apply.
7.3 HT, LV & 11KV Metering Panel
Under the normal climatic and earthquake conditions, the HT and LV panels will
meet the following requirements:
a) The physical alignment of 11kV and 415V switchgear panels along with
incoming and outgoing feeder connections, supporting insulators &
structures of bus bars will not get disturbed and there will not be any
internal flashover and/or electrical fault.
b) All relays, transducers, indicating instruments, devices in switchgear
panels will not mal-operate.
c) Current carrying parts, supporting structure, earth connection etc. will
not get dislocated and /or will not break or distort.
d) Co-ordination with other systems
All equipments will have necessary protections. Each switchgear will be
provided with necessary arrangement for receiving, isolating, distributing and
fusing of 230V AC and 11OV DC supplies for various control, lighting, space
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heating and spring charging circuits. DC supply for control shall be duplicated
for each board which shall run through auxiliary bus wires.
11kV Lightning Arrestor will be of non-linear resistor type. Unless otherwise
modified in this specification the lightning arrestor shall comply with IS
3070(Pt.1)1974 or the latest version thereof.
7.4 Cables
11kV cables will be unearthed grade suitable for use in medium resistance
earthed system, with stranded & compacted aluminium conductors, extruded