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1GlobalCommissiononHIVandtheLaw.2012.Risks, Rights and Health.2GlobalCommissiononDrugPolicy.2012.The War on Drugs and HIV/AIDS: How the Criminalization of Drug Use Fuels the Global Pandemic.3GlobalCommissiononDrugPolicy.2013.The Negative Impact of The War on Drugs on Public Health: The Hidden Hepatitis C Epidemic.4NationalAIDSPreventionandAlleviationCommittee,Thailand.2010.UNGASS Country Progress Report Thailand: Reporting Period: January 2008December 2009;HIV/AIDSDataHub.2013.Thailand Country Profile: HIV Prevalence and Epidemiological Status: https://skydrive.live.com/view.aspx?resid=AFD9EDEA3DDFB75C!936&app=Excel.5BureauofEpidemiology.2012.Integrated bio behavioral survey,(unpublished).6Milloy,M.-J.et.al.2010.OverdoseexperiencesamonginjectiondrugusersinBangkokThailand, in Harm Reduction Journal,7:9.7NationalCommandCenterforCombatingDrugs.2014.GuidelinesforHarmReductionamongInjectionDrugUsers(1/2557).8Seewww.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CND/Drug_Resolutions/2010-2019/2012/CND_Res-55-7.pdf.

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________________________________________

9WHO.2014.Consolidatedguidelines on HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations.

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10UnitedNationsOfficeonDrugsandCrime&WorldHealthOrganization.2013.Opioid overdose: preventing and reducing opioid overdose mortality.11Ibid.12Sergeev,B.etal.,2003. PrevalenceandcircumstancesofopiateoverdoseamonginjectiondrugusersintheRussianFederation,Journal of Urban Health,80(2):212219.13UnitedNationsOfficeonDrugsandCrime&WorldHealthOrganization.2013.Opioid overdose: preventing and reducing opioid overdose mortality.14Seewww.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CND/Drug_Resolutions/2010-2019/2012/CND_Res-55-7.pdf.15WHO.2014.Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations.16OpenSocietyFoundations&EurasianHarmReductionNetwork.2010.Why Overdose Matters for HIV.17Ibid.

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18Assanangkornchai,Setal.2008.Currentsituationofsubstance-relatedproblemsinThailandinJ Psychiatr Assoc Thailand,53:1.19Aramrattana,A.2013. EstimatedsizesofThaiinjectiondrugusers(IDUs),presentationatTechnical Consultation: Size Estimation of MARPs in Asian Countries.20InternationalDrugPolicyConsortium.2013.Briefing paper: Drug control and harm reduction in Thailand.21NationalAIDSPreventionandAlleviationCommittee,Thailand.2010.UNGASS Country Progress Report Thailand: Reporting Period: January 2008December 2009.22HIV/AIDSDataHub.2013. Thailand Country Profile: HIV Prevalence and Epidemiological Status:

https://skydrive.live.com/view.aspx?resid=AFD9EDEA3DDFB75C!936&app=Excel.23BureauofEpidemiology.2012.Integrated bio behavioral survey,(unpublished).24Wilson,D.etal.2007.HIVPrevention,Care,andTreatmentinTwoPrisonsinThailandinPLoS Med,4(6):204.25Walsh,N.etal.Thesilentepidemic:respondingtoviralhepatitisamongpeoplewhoinjectdrugsinInternationalHarmReductionAssociation2010.Global State of Harm Reduction 2010 - Key Issues for Broadening the Response.

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26Milloy,M.-J.et.al.2010.OverdoseexperiencesamonginjectiondrugusersinBangkokThailand,in Harm Reduction Journal,7:9.27BureauofEpidemiology.2010.Integrated bio behavioral survey,(unpublished).28PSIThailand.2014.Overdose situation among people who inject drugs: A quantitative and qualitative research study from Bangkok, Chiang Mai and

Narathiwat.29Ibid.30Ibid.

1: (IBBS)

14

________________________________________

31UnitedNationsOfficeonDrugsandCrime&WorldHealthOrganization.2013. Opioid overdose: preventing and reducing opioid overdose mortality.32Milloy,M.-J.etal.2010.OverdoseexperiencesamonginjectingdrugusersinBangkok,ThailandinHarm Reduction Journal,7:9.33Fairbairn,Netal.2009.Reportsofevidenceplantingbypoliceamongacommunity-basedsampleofinjectiondrugusersinBangkok,ThailandinInternational Health and Human Rights,9:24.34PSIThailand.2014.Overdose situation among people who inject drugs: A quantitative and qualitative research study from Bangkok, Chiang

Mai and Narathiwat.

35WorldBank.2011.Harm reduction policies and interventions for injection drug users in Thailand.36DuringoneoftheadvocacyconsultationmeetingsorganizedundertheOSFgrant,aThaimedicaldoctorworkinginacademiapointedoutthattheThaigovernmentdoesrecognizeoverdoseasalegitimatecauseofdeathbutonlyforforeigners,ascompelledaninternationalreportingobligation.37PSIThailand.2014.Overdose situation among people who inject drugs: A quantitative and qualitative research study from Bangkok, Chiang

Mai and Narathiwat.

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38Hayashi,K.etal.2011.LowUptakeofHepatitisCTestingandHighPrevalenceofRiskBehaviorAmongHIVPositiveInjectionDrugUsersinBangkok,Thailand;LettertotheEditorinJournal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome,56:5,e133-e135.

39Seewww.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CND/Drug_Resolutions/2010-2019/2012/CND_Res-55-7.pdf.40UnitedNations.2001.Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS.

17

[] 41

42 (GFATMsInformation Note on Harm Reduction for People Who Inject Drugs) : [] [] [] OST 43________________________________________

41WHO.2014.Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations.42PresidentsEmergencyPlanForAIDSRelief.2010. Comprehensive HIV Prevention for People Who Inject Drugs, Revised Guidance.43TheGlobalFund.2014.Information Note on Harm Reduction for People Who Inject Drugs.

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44OpenSocietyFoundations&EurasianHarmReductionNetwork.2010.Why Overdose Matters for HIV.

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45PSIThailand.2011.Rapid PEER Study to strengthen the Injecting Drug Users Quality of Life Programme.46Seehttp://portfolio.theglobalfund.org/en/Grant/Index/THA-H-PSI.

47OzoneisPSIThailandFoundationsbrandednetworkofDICsservingtheneedsofPWID.Ozoneoperatesin15ofthe19CHAMPION-IDUprovinces.

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48UNAIDS,UNODC,WHO.2012.Technical Guide for Countries to Set Targets for Universal Access to HIV

Prevention, Treatment and Care for Injecting Drug Users.49WHO.2014. Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations.

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50OSF.Unpublished.Unlocking Access to Essential Medicines : Global Supply and Demand of Naloxone Current Status, Barriers, and

Avenues of Improvement. 51Tanguay,P.2013.NotChildsPlay:ProcuringNaloxoneinThailand,Posterpresentationatthe23rdInternational Harm Reduction Conference,Vilnius,Lithuania,9-12June2013.

27

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52PSI.2013.Intranasal Naloxone Research Brief.53Ibid.

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54TroikaaPharmaceuticalsLtd.2013.Finished Product Specifications: Narcotan.55Personalcommunication.23February2013.

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56Seewww.mims.com/thailand/Viewer/Html/PoisonCls.htm.57WorldHealthOrganization.1995.Theuseofessentialdrugs,inSixth report of the WHO Expert Committee (#850).58WHO.2003.The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines - WHO Technical Report Series (#914).58Ibid.59NationalDrugCommittee.2008.National List of Essential Medicines.60WorldHealthOrganization.2013.WHO Model List of Essential Medicines: 18th List.61Yoongthong,W.etal.2012.NationalDrugPoliciestoLocalFormulatoryDecisionsinThailand,China,andAustralia:DrugListingChangesandOpportunitiesinValue in Health, 15, S126-S131.62SeeThailandPenalCode,Section374.

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63OpenSocietyFoundations.2009.Overdose Prevention and Response; A Guide for People Who Use Drugs and Harm Reduction Staff in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.64Seehttp://harmreduction.org/issues/overdose-prevention/overview/stimulant-overamping-basics. 65PSIThailand.2014.CHAMPION-IDU project data(unpublished).66Lavoie,D.26April2012.Naloxone:Drug-OverdoseAntidoteIsPutInAddictsHandsinHuffington Post.67WHO.2014.Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations.68PSIThailand.2014.Overdose situation among people who inject drugs: A quantitative and qualitative research study from Bangkok, Chiang Mai and Narathiwat.69Ibid.

35

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73PSIRussia.2012.Russia: Piloting Naloxone for OD Prevention.

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74OfficeoftheNewYorkCityAttorenyGeneral.27May2014.A. G. Schneiderman announces funding to equip NYC police officers with life-saving heroin antidote (pressrelease).75Saltman,J.29August2014.125overdosesreversedinpasttwoyearswithtake-homeantidote:B.C.CentreforDiseaseControlinThe Province 76OpenSocietyFoundations.2011.Stopping Overdose: Peer Based Distribution of Naloxone.77OpenSocietyFoundations.2014.Briefing on why and how to address overdose in Global Fund proposals.

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78WHOThailand.2013.National Standard Operating Procedures for Methadone Maintenance Therapy.45

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79WHO.2014.Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations.80HarmReductionInternational,InternationalDrugPolicyConsortiumandInternationalHIV/AIDSAlliance.2014.The funding crisis for harm reduction: Donor retreat, government neglect and the way forward.

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81ThoughthepresentreportmentionsPWIDdyingfromoverdosesinthecommunity,unfortunately,thoseindividualswerenotclientsoftheCHAMPION-IDUorSCOOPprojectsandpeopleinthecommunityanecdotallyrelayedinformationaboutsuchevents.InsucheventswhereanoverdosetakesplacebuttheCHAMPION-IDUandSCOOPworkersarenotcalledtothescene,PSIcannotrecorddataagainstindicators.82HarmReductionInternational,InternationalDrugPolicyConsortiumandInternationalHIV/AIDSAlliance.2014.The funding crisis for harm reduction: Donor retreat, government neglect and the way forward.

48

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83PSIThailand.2014.Overdose situation among people who inject drugs: A quantitative and qualitative research study from Bangkok, Chiang Mai and Narathiwat.84Ibid.85TheUSCDCreportsthatbetween1996and2010,atleast188community-basedoverdosepreventionprogramswereoperatingacross15statesandtheDistrictofColumbiaandresultedintrainingandprovidingnaloxonetoover53,000peoplewhowentontoreversemorethan10,000opioidoverdosesinthecommunity.SeemoredetailsinUSCDC.17February2012.Community-based opioid overdose prevention programs providing naloxone - United States, 2010.

49

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86WHOhasyettodevelopandreleaseamodeltoestimatethenumberofDALYsgeneratedfromsuccessfuloverdosereversalsusingnaloxone.However,thoughthelogicusedintheexampleaboveisalignedwiththedefinition,thecalculationisdeliberatelysimplifiedforthesakeofargument:itislikelythatThaiPWIDwouldhavealifeexpectancythatissignificantlybelowthenationalaveragethatwouldreducetheactualnumberofDALYsgeneratedbySCOOP.

50

________________________________________

87PSIThailand.2014.Overdose situation among people who inject drugs: A quantitative and qualitative research study from Bangkok, Chiang Mai and Narathiwat.

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1:Situation report Site/DIC:__________________________________ Month/Year:_______________/________________*Evennoincidentpleaseinform

Number of People received OVD screening : Male:__________Female:__________

Ever seen or involved with OVD situation? No:______Yes:______howmanytime:______

Ever rescued those who experienced OVD? No:______Yes:______howmanytime:______

People received screening in this month indicate EVER or NEVER experienced OVD in theirs Lifetime. (How many OVD and percent) NEVER:______EVER:______IfYeshowmany:______Pecentage:______(100caution)

People received screening in this month indicate EVER or NEVER experienced OVD in Past 6 months. (How many OVD and percent) NEVER:______EVER:______IfYeshowmany:______Pecentage:______(100caution) *If#ofincidenthigherthanlifetime,itstronglyadvisedtobecautious.

Number of Naloxone distribution* bottlesUsed:__________%ofsurvivors(used/survived)near100issafe) *Crosscheckwithinventoryreport

56

What kind of Substance that you use before OVD? Alcohol Stimulantex:Crack(ice),Mate(yaba) Benzodiazepine:MidazolamDiazepam Opium:Heroin,Opidoidsubstance Methadone:buyfromblackmarket Etc(pleasespecific) Notsure/Cantremember Where did you ever experienced OVD? Ownhouse/Welfaremotel/Apartment Someoneshouse(acquaintanceorjustknow) Streetcornerorpublicareas(cornerofbuilding,toilet) OutdoorsuchasPark,Bushetc MosqueGraveyardTemple Drugmarket Etc(pleasespecific)

Number of Refer to Rescue team or ER from a hospital. Refer:__________Not:__________ OverallreasonsofReferare:

OverallreasonsofNotreferare:

Life safer after that Survived:__________Death:__________ (OVD)

Report by ___________________________________ Date________________________________________

57

Incident Report D/M/Y:_______________________________________ ORG.:________________________________________NameorUIC:__________________________________ *PeerorStaffinassisttoselectanswers

Gender: Male:__________Female:__________MSM/TG:__________Age:__________

Have you ever heard about OVD Yes:______No:_______

Can answer more than 1 choice by put X in blank space : Past 6 months what kind of substance did you use? Alcohol Stimulantex:Crack(ice),Mate(yaba) Benzodiazepine:MidazolamDiazepam Opium:Heroin,Opidoidsubstance Methadone:dispenseforsubstantivetherapy Methadone:buyfromblackmarket Etc(pleasespecific)___________________ Etc(pleasespecific)___________________

At Present where do you use drug? Ownhouse/Welfaremotel/Apartment Someoneshouse(acquaintanceorjustknow) Streetcornerorpublicareas(cornerofbuilding,toilet) OutdoorsuchasPark,Bushetc MosqueGraveyardTemple Drugmarket Etc(pleasespecific)___________________

Normally whos presence nearby when using drug? (Cananswermorethan1) Otherdrugusers Familymembers Marriedcoupleorboy/girlfriends Nondruguserfriends Stangerorwhojustmet Noone

If this person has never experienced OD pleas skip below but require your signature.

Degree :

Degree :

Degree :

58

Have you ever seen or involved with OVD situation happen to someone or your friend? No:______Yes:______IfYeshowmanytime:______Have you ever rescued those who experienced OVD? No:______Yes:______IfYeshowmanytime:______In your lifetime have you ever experienced OVD? No:______Yes:______IfYeshowmanytime:______Past 6 months have you ever experienced OVD? No:______Yes:______IfYeshowmanytime:______ IFYesinpast6monthspleasegivemoreinformation

When is your latest OVD experience?D/M/Y:_____/_______/_____ .---- If your have never experienced OVD please finish----.

What kind of Substance that you use before OVD? Alcohol Stimulantex:Crack(ice),Mate(yaba) Benzodiazepine:MidazolamDiazepam Opium:Heroin,Opidoidsubstance Methadone:buyfromblackmarket Etc(pleasespecific) Notsure/Cantremember

Where did you ever experienced OVD? Ownhouse/Welfaremotel/Apartment Someoneshouse(acquaintanceorjustknow) Streetcornerorpublicareas(cornerofbuilding,toilet) OutdoorsuchasPark,Bushetc MosqueGraveyardTemple Drugmarket Etc(pleasespecific)

Degree :

Degree :

59

For staff or Peer only Does he/ Did you use Naloxone? No:______Yes:______Howmany:______

During this client still in OVD, what did you or other try to help this person (Beside Naloxone injection)? CallRescueteamorERfromahospital. Accompanythisguytohospital PrepareforCPR(Sleepononessideandclearthroat) DidCPR(Cardiopulmonaryresuscitation) Wakeupbyhitting,shower,putsomeiceonehim, Shakeorsmashhisbody. InjectwaterorNormalSaline Wakeupbycallandshouthisname Donothing. Dootherthing(pleasespecfic)__________________

Refer to Hospital or Rescue : Yes:______No:______ReasonbothYandN:_____________________________ Ifyespleasespecificthishealthsetting:_______________________________________________

Life safer after that :Safe:______Death:______

Signature : _____________________________Date submit : _____________________________

Team leader acknowledgment : _____________________________Date of review : _____________________________

Suggestion:Frequencyofinterviewshouldbeconductevery6month.Incaseanyclientjustexp.OVD,pleaseusethisformtointerviewassoonaspossiblewhenhe/sheingoodcondition ** Collect report every month, it may require in urgent situation

60

2:88

()

________________________________________

88Exerptedfrom Advocates Responses to Common Criticisms of Lay Distribution at http://naloxoneinfo.org/sites/default/files/Advocates%2527%20Responses%20to%20Common%20Criticisms% 20of%20Lay%20Distribution%20.pdf.

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1 GlobalCommissiononHIVandtheLaw.2012.Risks,RightsandHealth.2GlobalCommissiononDrugPolicy.2012.TheWaronDrugsandHIV/AIDS:HowtheCriminalizationofDrugUseFuelstheGlobalPandemic.3GlobalCommissiononDrugPolicy.2013.TheNegativeImpactofTheWaronDrugsonPublicHealth:TheHiddenHepatitisCEpidemic.4Assanangkornchai,Setal.2008.Currentsituationofsubstance-relatedproblemsinThailandinJPsychiatrAssocThailand,53:1.5NationalAIDSPreventionandAlleviationCommittee,Thailand.2010.UNGASSCountryProgressReportThailand:ReportingPeriod:January2008December2009;HIV/AIDSDataHub.2013.ThailandCountryProfile:HIVPrevalenceandEpidemiologicalStatus:https://skydrive.live. com/view.aspx?resid=AFD9EDEA3DDFB75C!936&app=Excel.6BureauofEpidemiology.2012.Integratedbiobehavioralsurvey,(unpublished).7Milloy,M.-J.et.al.2010.OverdoseexperiencesamonginjectiondrugusersinBangkokThailand,inHarmReductionJournal,7:9.8NationalCommandCenterforCombatingDrugs.2014.GuidelinesforHarmReductionamongInjectionDrugUsers(1/2557).9Seewww.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CND/Drug_Resolutions/2010-2019/2012/CND_Res-55-7.pdf.10WHO.2014.ConsolidatedguidelinesonHIVprevention,diagnosis,treatmentandcareforkeypopulations.11UnitedNationsOfficeonDrugsandCrime.2012.WorldDrugReport2012.12Degenhardt,L.etal.2011.Mortalityamongregularordependentusersofheroinandotheropioids:asystematicreviewandmeta-analysis ofcohortstudies,Addiction,106(1):32-51.13UnitedNationsOfficeonDrugsandCrime&WorldHealthOrganization.2013.Opioidoverdose:preventingandreducingopioidoverdosemortality.14Ibid.15Sergeev,B.etal.,2003.PrevalenceandcircumstancesofopiateoverdoseamonginjectiondrugusersintheRussianFederation,Journalof UrbanHealth,80(2):212219.16UnitedNationsOfficeonDrugsandCrime&WorldHealthOrganization.2013.Opioidoverdose:preventingandreducingopioidoverdosemortality.17Seewww.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CND/Drug_Resolutions/2010-2019/2012/CND_Res-55-7.pdf.18WHO.2014.ConsolidatedguidelinesonHIVprevention,diagnosis,treatmentandcareforkeypopulations.19OpenSocietyFoundations&EurasianHarmReductionNetwork.2010.WhyOverdoseMattersforHIV.20Ibid.21Assanangkornchai,Setal.2008.Currentsituationofsubstance-relatedproblemsinThailandinJPsychiatrAssocThailand,53:1.22Aramrattana,A.2013.EstimatedsizesofThaiinjectiondrugusers(IDUs),presentationatTechnicalConsultation:SizeEstimationofMARPs inAsianCountries.23InternationalDrugPolicyConsortium.2013.Briefingpaper:DrugcontrolandharmreductioninThailand.24NationalAIDSPreventionandAlleviationCommittee,Thailand.2010.UNGASSCountryProgressReportThailand:ReportingPeriod:January 2008December2009.25 HIV/AIDSDataHub.2013.ThailandCountryProfile:HIVPrevalenceandEpidemiologicalStatus:https://skydrive.live.com/view.aspx?resid=A FD9EDEA3DDFB75C!936&app=Excel.26BureauofEpidemiology.2012.Integratedbiobehavioralsurvey,(unpublished).27Wilson,D.etal.2007.HIVPrevention,Care,andTreatmentinTwoPrisonsinThailandinPLoSMed,4(6):204.28Walsh,N.etal.Thesilentepidemic:respondingtoviralhepatitisamongpeoplewhoinjectdrugsinInternationalHarmReductionAssociation 2010.GlobalStateofHarmReduction2010-KeyIssuesforBroadeningtheResponse.29Milloy,M.-J.et.al.2010.OverdoseexperiencesamonginjectiondrugusersinBangkokThailand,inHarmReductionJournal,7:9.30BureauofEpidemiology.2010.Integratedbiobehavioralsurvey,(unpublished).31PSIThailand.2014.Overdosesituationamongpeoplewhoinjectdrugs:AquantitativeandqualitativeresearchstudyfromBangkok,ChiangMai andNarathiwat.32Ibid.33Ibid.34UnitedNationsOfficeonDrugsandCrime&WorldHealthOrganization.2013.Opioidoverdose:preventingandreducingopioidoverdosemortality.35Milloy,M.-J.etal.2010.OverdoseexperiencesamonginjectingdrugusersinBangkok,ThailandinHarmReductionJournal,7:9.36Fairbairn,Netal.2009.Reportsofevidenceplantingbypoliceamongacommunity-basedsampleofinjectiondrugusersinBangkok,Thailand inInternationalHealthandHumanRights,9:24.37PSIThailand.2014.Overdosesituationamongpeoplewhoinjectdrugs:AquantitativeandqualitativeresearchstudyfromBangkok,ChiangMai andNarathiwat.38WorldBank.2011.HarmreductionpoliciesandinterventionsforinjectiondrugusersinThailand.39DuringoneoftheadvocacyconsultationmeetingsorganizedundertheOSFgrant,aThaimedicaldoctorworkinginacademiapointedoutthatthe Thaigovernmentdoesrecognizeoverdoseasalegitimatecauseofdeathbutonlyforforeigners,ascompelledaninternationalreportingobligation.40PSIThailand.2014.Overdosesituationamongpeoplewhoinjectdrugs:AquantitativeandqualitativeresearchstudyfromBangkok,ChiangMai andNarathiwat.41Hayashi,K.etal.2011.LowUptakeofHepatitisCTestingandHighPrevalenceofRiskBehaviorAmongHIVPositiveInjectionDrugUsersin Bangkok,Thailand;LettertotheEditorinJournalofAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome,56:5,e133-e135.42Seewww.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CND/Drug_Resolutions/2010-2019/2012/CND_Res-55-7.pdf.43UnitedNations.2001.DeclarationofCommitmentonHIV/AIDS.44WHO.2014.ConsolidatedguidelinesonHIVprevention,diagnosis,treatmentandcareforkeypopulations.45PresidentsEmergencyPlanForAIDSRelief.2010.ComprehensiveHIVPreventionforPeopleWhoInjectDrugs,RevisedGuidance.46TheGlobalFund.2014.InformationNoteonHarmReductionforPeopleWhoInjectDrugs.47OpenSocietyFoundations&EurasianHarmReductionNetwork.2010.WhyOverdoseMattersforHIV.

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