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Theme of our performance "Water pollution"

«Pollution of the World ocean»

We interviewed. on people's attitudes to water pollution. So ask the opinion of our teachers Maria Ivanovna :

dear guest. may i asked some questions that about pollution water1))-М.И. Do you think what the comply with the person in order to avoid contamination of

water ? -I think your questions very important for our society. Now this main problem its very seriously and important for us . it pollution its very important and we must self this

problem together2)-water pollution contributes to the death of the main fish and sea animals ?

-I think it was your second question right . Water pollution its very important for only for animals and for fish in your days .only now that about half fish need our people because we

would like to be half only half fish may we eat3))Do you think a person can die from poisoning or pollution of the seas lakes. and rivers?-Right .I think its very important too and that about people and about our school boys must

be very seriously and we main together. now, that clean our water you my use our technologies to clean the water and only we must need only clean water ..

-Thank you. М. И.!))

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IntroductionNow the problem of pollution of the water environment is very actual since now people start to forget all known expression «water is a life». Without water the person cannot live more than three days, but, even understanding all importance of a role of water in his life, it all the same continues to harm to water objects, irrevocably changing their natural mode dumps and a waste. .

The water great bulk is concentrated at oceans. Water evaporating from its surface gives reviver to natural and artificial ecosystems of a land. The more close the area to ocean, the more there drops out deposits. The land constantly returns water to ocean, the water part evaporates, the part gathers the rivers in which rain and snow waters arrive. The exchange of a moisture between ocean and a land demands very much an energy considerable quantity: about 1/3 that the Earth receives from the Sun are spent for it. 

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The water cycle in biosphere before

civilisation development was equilibrium, the ocean received so much water from the rivers, how many spent at its evaporation. If the climate not Banks the rivers and the water level in lakes did not decrease did not vary. With civilisation development this cycle began to be broken, as a result Having watered agricultural crops evaporation from a land has increased. The rivers of southern areas have shoaled, pollution of oceans and occurrence has reduced a quantity of water by its surfaces of an oil film, evaporated by ocean. All it worsens biosphere water supply. In view of that value which water has for ability to live of the person and all live on the Earth, we can assert that water - one of the most precious treasures of our planet

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Hydrosphere of the Earth

Hydrosphere - the water environment which includes superficial and underground waters. A surface water basically is concentrated in the World ocean containing about 91 % of all water on the Earth. A surface of the World ocean (water area) makes 361 million/km square. It approximately in 2,04 times is more than land area - the territory occupying in 149 million/km square. If to distribute water an equal layer it will cover the Earth in the thickness in 3000metres. Water at ocean (94 %) and underground - salty. The quantity of fresh water makes 6 % of total amount of water on the Earth, and its very small share of only 0,36 % is available in readily available places for extraction.

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Each inhabitant of the Earth on the average consumes 650 m cubic waters in a year (1780 litres a day). However 2,5 litres there are enough for satisfaction of physiological requirements a day, i.e. about 1 m cubic in a year. The water considerable quantity is required to agriculture (69 %) mainly for an irrigation; 23 % of water are consumed by the industry; 6 % are spent in a life. Taking into account requirement of water for the industry and agriculture the water expense in our country from 125 to 350 litres a day on the person (Sankt - Petersburg of 450 litres, and in Moscow of 380 litres).

Water - not only a condition of a life of an individual organism. Without it existence of biosphere, a life on the Earth as circulation of substances and energy in biosphere is possible only with water participation would be not possible. During a water cycle from a surface of the World ocean 453 000 cubic m. of water annually evaporate

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Pollution of the World ocean Annually to the World ocean gets more than 10 million т oil and to 20 % of the

World ocean are already covered by an oil film. First of all it is connected by that the oil recovery and gas at oceans and the seas became the major component of an oil and gas complex. In 1993 at ocean it is extracted 850 million oil (almost 30 % of world extraction). In the world it is drilled about 2500 chinks, from them 800 - in the USA, 540 - in Jugo - East Asia, 400 - in the North Sea, 150 - in Persian gulf. This weight of chinks is drilled on depths to 900 metres.

Pollution of the World ocean by a sailing charter occurs on two channels: in - the first, sea and river crafts pollute its waste received as a result of operational activity, and, in - the second, emissions in case of failures, toxic cargoes, mostly oil and mineral oil. Power installations of courts (basically diesel engines) constantly pollute atmosphere, whence toxic substances partially or nearly so completely get to waters of the rivers, the seas and oceans.

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Oil and mineral oil are the main pollution of water pool. On the tankers transporting oil and its derivatives, before each next loading capacities (tanks) for removal of the rests before the transported cargo, as a rule, are washed out. Bottling waste water, and with it and the cargo rests are usually dumped for a board. Besides, after delivery of petrocargoes tankers go to ports of destination to point of new loading without cargo more often. In this case for maintenance ought deposits and safety of swimming vessel tanks are filled with ballast water. This water becomes soiled the oil rests, and before loading of oil and mineral oil pours out in the sea. From the general turnover of goods of a world marine sea fleet now 49 % will fall on oil and its derivatives. Annually about 6000 tankers of the international flotillas transport 3,5 (млрд) oil tons (2000). In process of growth of transportations of petrocargoes and failures the increasing quantity of oil began to get to ocean. According to 1988 in all seas of the world it has been dumped approximately 20 млрд dust tons. In one only the North Sea has been dumped 98 000 т garbage.

Pollution of the World ocean

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Serious ecological threat for a life in the World ocean and, hence, for the person is represented by a burial place on a sea-bottom of a radioactive waste (Russian Open Society) and dump to the sea of a liquid radioactive waste (ЖРО). The western countries (the USA, Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, etc.) and the USSR with 1946г. Have started to use actively ocean depths to get rid of the Russian Open Society.

Liquid radioactive waste of the USSR merged in the Far East seas with 1966 on 1991 (basically near to the south - east part of Kamchatka and in sea of Japan). Northern fleet annually dumped of 10 000 m in water of cubic such waste. To 2 million sea birds and 100 тыс sea animals, including to 30 тыс seals, annually perish, having swallowed any plastic products or having got confused in scraps of networks and cables.

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To 2 million sea birds and 100 thousand sea animals, including to 30 thousand seals, annually perish, having swallowed any plastic products or having got confused in scraps of networks and cables.

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The basic ways of pollution of hydrosphere

The basic ways of pollution of

hydrosphere

Pollution by oil and mineral oil Pollution by sewage

Pollution by heavy metals

Pollution by acid rains

Radioactive pollution

Pollution by fuel

Mechanical pollution

Bacterial and biological pollution

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1. Pollution by oil and mineral oil. Leads to occurrence of oil spillages that complicates photosynthesis processes in water because of the termination of access of solar beams, and also causes  destruction of plants and animals. Each ton of oil creates an oil film on the area to 12 km of the square. Restoration of the amazed ecosystems occupies 10 - 15 years; 2. Pollution by sewage as a result of industrial production, mineral and organic fertilizers as a result of an agricultural production, and also коммунально - household drains. Conducts to эвтрофикации reservoirs - to enrichment by their nutrients, leading to excessive development of seaweed and  destruction of other ecosystems of reservoirs with landlocked water (lakes and ponds), and sometimes to bogging месности;

3.  Pollution by heavy metals. Breaks ability to live of water organisms and the person;

4. Pollution by acid rains. Leads to oxidation of reservoirs and  destruction of ecosystems;

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6. Radioactive pollution. It is connected with dump of a radioactive waste; 7. Thermal pollution. It is caused by dump in reservoirs of the warmed-up waters ТЭС and the atomic power station. Leads to mass development dark blue - green seaweed, to so-called flowering of water, reduction of quantity of oxygen and negatively influences flora and fauna of reservoirs;

8. Mechanical pollution. Raises the maintenance of mechanical impurity;

5. Bacterial and biological pollution. It is connected with different pathogenic organisms, mushrooms and seaweed. The world economy dumps of 1500 km which demand 50 - 100 - multiple разбавления for giving by it естесвенных properties and the further clarification in biosphere in a year of cubic sewage of different degree of clearing. Thus waters of agricultural productions are not considered. The world river drain (37,5 - 45 thousand in km cubic in a year) is insufficient for necessary разбавления sewage. Thus, as a result of industrial activity fresh water has ceased to be a renewed resource.

Let's consider consistently pollution of oceans, the seas, the rivers and lakes, and also sewage treatment methods.

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Seaweed concerns biological factors of self-cleaning of a reservoir, (плесневые) and barmy fungi.

To self-cleaning of reservoirs from bacteria and viruses can promote and representatives of fauna. Each mollusc filters a day more than 30 l of water

Cleanliness of reservoirs is inconceivable without protection of their vegetation. Only on the basis of a profound knowledge of an ecological condition of each reservoir, an effective control behind the development, various live organisms occupying it, it is possible to reach positive results, to provide a transparency and high biological efficiency of the rivers, lakes and water basins.

Adversely processes of self-cleaning of reservoirs are influenced also by other factors. Chemical pollution of reservoirs by industrial drains brakes natural oxidising processes, kills microorganisms. The same concerns and descent of thermal sewage by thermal power stations.

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The multiphasic process which sometimes is stretched for long time - self-cleaning from oil. Naturally the complex of physical processes of self-cleaning of water from oil consists of a number of components: evaporations; subsidence of the lumps especially overloaded with deposits and a dust; (слипание) the lumps weighed in thickness of water; emergings of the lumps forming a film with inclusions of water and air; decrease in concentration of the weighed and dissolved oil owing to subsidence, emerging and mixing with pure water. Intensity of these processes depends on properties of a concrete kind of oil (density, viscosity, factor of thermal expansion), presence in water коллоидов, the weighed particles of a plankton etc., temperature of air and from solar illumination.

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Protection of the World ocean In 1983 the international Convention on

prevention of pollution of the sea environment has come into force. In 1984 of the state of the Baltic pool have signed in Helsinki the Convention on protection of the sea environment of Baltic sea. It was the first international agreement at regional level. As a result of the spent work the maintenance of mineral oil in open waters of Baltic sea has decreased in 20 times in comparison with 1975.

In 1992 ministers 12 - ти the states and the representative of the European community had been signed the new Convention on protection of the environment of Baltic sea.