5/5/10 DAILY DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Complete Sentences College Board Objectives: Biotechnology, RNAi, Lampreys and Plants Using Lab Manual pages 60-62, please.

5/5/105/5/10 DAILY DISCUSSION QUESTIONS DAILY DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Complete SentencesComplete Sentences

College Board ObjectivesCollege Board Objectives: Biotechnology, RNAi, Lampreys and Plants: Biotechnology, RNAi, Lampreys and Plants

Using Lab Manual pages 60-62, please answer the following:Using Lab Manual pages 60-62, please answer the following:

1. Please explain how restriction endonucleases are named1. Please explain how restriction endonucleases are named

2. Please compare and contrast staggered cuts and blunt cuts by restriction 2. Please compare and contrast staggered cuts and blunt cuts by restriction enzymesenzymes

3. Please explain gel electrophoresis3. Please explain gel electrophoresis

4. Is DNA positively or negatively charged?4. Is DNA positively or negatively charged?

5. Please explain the purpose of a “DNA marker”5. Please explain the purpose of a “DNA marker”• DNA Fingerprinting Video Clip

• MOODLES- THE END IS NEAR :) COMPLETE THEM BEFORE MONDAY, MAY 10TH!! MOODLES- THE END IS NEAR :) COMPLETE THEM BEFORE MONDAY, MAY 10TH!! THEY ARE DESIGNED TO HELP YOU WITH QUESTIONS ON THESE CONCEPTS FOR THE THEY ARE DESIGNED TO HELP YOU WITH QUESTIONS ON THESE CONCEPTS FOR THE AP EXAMAP EXAM

• PREPARE for the AP Exam! Save yourself time and money! PREPARE for the AP Exam! Save yourself time and money!

• Read your AP Cliff Notes every day/night for 15 minutes from now until the Read your AP Cliff Notes every day/night for 15 minutes from now until the test.test.

Recap• DNA to RNA to protein

• Eukaryotes have introns which are intervening sequences and are not expressed. But, we have alternative intron splicing...sometimes an intron...sometimes not...

• Introns are not necessarily junk DNA. Research is booming in this area....still lots to learn

• Exons are expressed...but sometimes, what is an exon may be an intron later.

• Alternative splicing part of the reason we only have 20-30,000 genes and not more!

• RNAi is a relatively new discovery- let's find out what it is. RNAi RNAi and medicineWhat is RNAi

Critter of the WeekPhylum Chordata Superclass Agnatha- the jawless fishes (like hagfish)

Class Cephalaspidomorphi- Lampreys

About 35 species – marine and freshwater. Predator and Parasite

Sea Lamprey feeds by clamping its round mouth onto the flank of a live fish and using a rasping tongue to penetrate the skin of its prey and ingesting its blood.

Live for years as larvae in freshwater streams and then migrate to the sea or lakes as they mature into adults.

The larva are suspension feeder that look like lancelets. Some species feed only as larvae Lamprey-short clip

PLANTS

• Hypothetical ancestor- aquatic green algae protist. Charophyceans are the green algae most closely related to plants

Adaptations necessary for transition from water to land to prevent dessication:

1. In most plants the dominant generation is a diploid sporophyte. Being diploid allows the organism to be more likely to survive genetic damage due to ultraviolet radiation (recessive mutations masked)

2. All plants have a cuticle, which is a waxy covering on their aerial parts

3. Development of a vascular system-so all the plant cells don't have to be in close contact with water. Vascular tissue = xylem and phloem

PLANTS• 4. Sperm packaged as pollen for delivery by wind or

animals (in advanced divisions)

• 5. Gametophytes packaged in ovary in the most advanced plant division (Division Anthophyta)

• 6. Plants of advanced divisions such as Coniferophyta and Anthophyta have adaptations to seasonal variations in the availability of water and light. Deciduous tress shed their leaves to minimize water loss during slow growing (dormant) seasons. Desert annuals will germinate, grow, flower and produce seeds within brief growing periods in response to a spring rain.

PLANTS• Six plant divisions- each division shows an

increasingly greater adaptation to survival on land:

• I. Seedless Avascular Plants

• a. Bryophyta Mosses-Bryophytes

• b. Lycophyta

• c. Sphenophyta

• II. Seedless Vascular Plants

• a . Pterophyta Ferns

• III. Naked Seed Vascular

• a. Coniferophyta

• III. Seed Vascular Anthophyta

Alternation of Generations and the Plant Life Cycle

The sporophyteMakes sporesWhich makesThe gametophyteWhich makesGametes Which makes theSporophyte

Which makes sporesWhich makesThe gametophyteWhich makes Gametes whichMakes the Sporophyte and on and on

PLANTS• Take a moment to look in your textbook pages 585-and

on, as well as LM pages 77a-77c, and write a brief description of each division on bulletin board paper. One paper per group.........everyone in the group must help and work on each division.

• THE BRYOPHYTES ARE here....take the time to look at the mosses under the micrscope and see if you can find the sporophyte.

• ***make sure you've turned your bacterial transformation packet with all questions answered and any other past due work- DNA color packet, etc.

Daily Conclusion

1. Please describe bacterial transformation

2. Please describe PCR

3. Explain RNAi

4. What is alternate intron splicing?

5. Please describe the bryophytes

End of Class Conclusion

• Please describe (NOT list) three concepts you reviewed or learned today in class today in your spiral notebook