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2553 .



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kñúgBuT§skraC 2554 .



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CaRbFan kñúgkardwknaMKN³Fm μyaRtaenaH EdlmanBuT§bris½TeTA

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kñúgBuT§skraC 2555 .

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semþcRBHsgÇraCKNmhanikay nnÞ Eg:t CaRbFankitþiys

Pikçú GKÁbNÐieta yg; supat CaRbFansmaKm

elakGPi)alRsúk eRsg Rs‘ag CaTIRbwkSasmaKm

])ask Gwum ér:y:a CaGnuRbFansmaKm

])asika Eg:t yUeGg CaGnuRbFansmaKm

sameNr mIu salYn CaelxaFikar

])ask Lan suxum CaelxaFikarrg

])asika taMg e)a:gCwg CaehrBaØik

])asika Ca nag CaebLa

elakRKÚFmμbNÐit eGO esA smaCikkitþiys nig]bkarKuN

])ask Lay suxum smaCikkitþiys nig]bkarKuN

])asika Gwug riT§arI smaCikkitþiys nig]bkarKuN

])asika eha PaB smaCikkitþiys nig]bkarKuN

])asika KY bu‘nKag smaCikkitþiys nig]bkarKuN

])asika QuM KImhYy smaCikkitþiys nig]bkarKuN

F

])asika Eb:n rmNIy smaCikkitþiys nig]bkarKuN

])asika »m lkçNa smaCikkitþiys nig]bkarKuN

])ask Gwug b‘unhYr smaCikkitþiys nig]bkarKuN

])asika bY m:aLa smaCikkitþiys nig]bkarKuN

])ask b‘un ehg smaCikkitþiys nig]bkarKuN

])asika CMu suxum smaCikkitþiys nig]bkarKuN

])asika mas mU:nIka smaCikkitþiys nig]bkarKuN

])asika Lwk eBjcitþ smaCikkitþiys nig]bkarKuN

])asika esok qayKIm smaCikkitþiys nig]bkarKuN

])ask bBaØa smaCikkitþiys nig]bkarKuN

])asika Ekv klüN CasmaCikskmμ

])asika eLg FIta CasmaCikskmμ

])asika em:A nI CasmaCikskmμ

])asika ehg cnÞbuBaØvtI CasmaCikskmμ

])ask hug suvNÑariT§ CasmaCikskmμ

])ask hug suvNÑaer:t CasmaCikskmμ

rrr o ss

n

matikaFm’ matika elxTMB½r buBVPaKénstib,dæan >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 1 GanisgSénstib,dæan >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 3

kayanubsSnastib,dæan >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 11

1-Gana)anbBV³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 23 -karkMNt;xül;GsSasbsSas³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 26 -)alIviPgÁGMBIGana)a >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 34

-xül;Gana)asmfn½y >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 37 -xül;Gana)avibsSnan½y >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 38 2-\riyabfbBV³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 39 -\riyabfxagkñúg-xageRkA >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 44 3-sm,CBaØbBV³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 45 -satßksm,CBaØ³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 47 -sb,aysm,CBaØ³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 48

-eKacrsm,CBaØ³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 49 -Gsemμahsm,CBaØ³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 54

4-bdíkUlmnsikarbBV³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 64

b

5-FatumnsikarbBV³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 67 -briBaØa 3 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 90 -PUmirbs;briBaØa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 92 6-nvsIvfíkabBV³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 97 evTnanubsSnastib,dæan >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 104

-lkçN³énevTna 5 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 107

-evTnaCaGrUbkmμdæan >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 111 citþanubsSnastib,dæan >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 119

-citþkñúg-citþeRkA >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 123 Fm μanubsSnastib,dæan >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 132

1-nIvrNbBV³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 132

-ehtu[ekItkamcänÞ³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 136 -Fm’sRmab;lHkamcänÞ³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 137 -ehtu[ekItBüa)aT >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 138 -Fm’sRmab;lHBüa)aT >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 140

-ehtu[ekItfÍnmiT§³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 141 -Fm’sRmab;lHfÍnmiT§³>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 142 -ehtu[ekIt]T§c©kukúác©³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 144

p

-Fm’sRmab;lH]T§c©kukáúc©³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 145 -ehtu[ekItvícikicäa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 146 -Fm’sRmab;lHvícikicäa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 147 2-xn§bBV³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 149 -sc©³R)akd >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 156 3-GaytnbBV³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 158 -ehtu[ekItsMeyaCn³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 162 -kardwgehtulHbg;sMeyaCn³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 163 -Gaytns½BÞ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 166 4-eBaCÄgÁbBV³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 186 -stisem>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 188

-Fmμvicysem>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 190

-vÍriysem>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 195 -bItisem>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 200 -bsST§isem>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 202

-smaFisem>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 203

-]ebkçasem>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 206 5-sc©bBV³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 210

B

-Gtßrbs;sc©³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 231 -TukçGriysc©³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 252 -smuTyGriysc©³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 283 -nieraFGriysc©³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 290 -bBaðakmμCuMvíjerOgRBHniBVan >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 317 -TukçnieraFKaminIbdibTaGriysc©³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 330

Tidæikfa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 345 TidæivisuT§i >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 359 -karkMNt;namrUb >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 362 -GrUbFm’R)akdedayGakar 3 y:ag >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 389 mhavibsSna 18 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 422 -Xn³ 4 Rbkar >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 424

3

- 1 - stib,dæan CabuBVPaK

stib,dæan

CabuBVPaKénvibsSna mKÁ pl

stib,dæan KWCabuBVPaKbdíbTa kñúgkarceRmInnUvelakiymKÁEdl

CaehtuénelakutþrmKÁ .

vKÁmYy kñúgGdækfa mhastib,dæansURt

RBHcuLnaKetßr CaGñkRTRTg;RBHéRtbidk CasisSeBalfa stib,-

dæanCamKÁedÍm ¬ buBVPaK ¦ .

cMENkRBHcuLsumnetßr RTRTg;RBHéRtbidk CaGacarüeBalfa Ca

mKÁpSM ¬ misSk³ ¦ . sisSeBalfa CaxagedÍmTan . GacarüeBalfa

CamKÁpSM Gavuesa . EteBlEdlGacarüniyayerOy² sisSk¾enAes¶óm

TaMgsisS TaMgGacarü minRsbbBaðaKña k¾p¥akeTA . eBleRkaymk

RBHefr³CaGacarüedÍreTAkan;kEnøgRsg;Twk KitBicarNafa eyIgeBalfa

CamKÁpSM cMENkcuLnaKRbkan;eBalfa CabuBVPaK esckIþvínicä½ykñúg

RbkarenHy:agNahñ+ ¡ k¾)ansVaFüay mhastib,dæansURttaMgBIedIm

k¾kMNt;)annUvvKÁmYyfa mñalPikçúTaMgLay GñkNamYyceRmIn stib,dæan

4 enH rhUtdl;eTA 7 qñaM k¾dågfa elakutþrmKÁekIteLIgehIy eQμaHfa

taMgenAdl;eTA 7 qñaMminman EdleyIgeBalfa CamKÁpSMmin)an . cMENk

- 2 - stib,dæan CabuBVPaK

cuLnaKeBalfa CamKÁxagedÍmRtwmRtÚv eRkaymk eBleKRbkaskar

sþab;Fm’enAéf¶ 8 erac elakk¾nimnþeTA .

)anB¤mkfa RBHefr³cas;² CaGñkeBjcitþkñúgkarsþab;Fm’ kal

)anB¤karRbkassþab;Fm’ k¾Kitfa nwgeTAmun nwgeTAmun .

éf¶enaH Cavar³rbs;RBHcuLnaK elakKg;elIFmμasn³ cab;pøíteBal

KafaCaedÍm RBHefr³CaGacarüKg;xageRkay )aMg² enAes¶óm .

BitehIy RBHefr³cas;² minRcENnKña minelIkykkareBjcitþ

rbs;xøÜneFVICaPar³ dUcErk)ac;GMeBAenaHeT kan;ykEtehtuEdlKYrb:ueNÑaH

EdlminKYre)aHecal . eRBaHdUecñaH RBHcuLsumnetßr k¾ehA RBHcuLnaK

tic²/ RBHcuLnaK )anB¤dUcCasMeLgGacarüehA eTIbp¥ak Fmμkfa eqøIy

mankarGVITan . GacarüeBalnwgRBHcuLnaKfa eyIgeBalfa CamKÁpSM

enaHminRtÚveT EdlGñk)aneBalfa stib,dæanCabuBVPaKenaH RtÚvehIy .

RBHcuLnaKetßrKitfa Gacarürbs;eyIg RTRTg;RBHbriytþiFm’TaMgGs;

CasutBuT§énRBHéRtbidk Pikçúy:agenHehIy Kg;enAvílvl;CamYybBaðaeRcIn

teTAmux FmμkfíkTaMgLay nwgvílvl;CamYybBaðaEbbenH dUecñH eyIgnwg

kan;ykRBHsURtCaeKal eFVIbBaðaenH min[sμúKsμajteTA .

Gdækfa víPgÁsURt kareron karsaksYr karcgcaM nigkarBicarNa

enAkñúgbdæan KWGarmμN_rbs;sti CabuBVPaKénstib,dæanPavna .

- 3 - GanisgSénstib,dæan

RBHBuT§dIka GanisgSénkarceRmInstib,dæan

mñalPikçúTaMgLay nrNamYy)anceRmInnUvstib,dæan 4 rhUtGs;

ry³eBl 7 qñaM GñkenaH Kb,IsgÇwmpl 2 y:agNamYy KWnwgseRmc

RBHGrhtþplkñúgbc©úb,nñCatienH 1 b¤ebI])aTienAsl; nwg)anCaRBH

GnaKamI 1 .

mñalPikçúTaMgLay 7 qñaM elIkTukcuH GñkNamYy )anceRmIn

stib,dæanTaMg 4 enaH ry³eBl 6 qñaM GñkenaH nwgsgÇwmplTaMg 2

plNamYy KWRBHGrhtþplkñúgbc©úb,nñCatienH 1 b¤ebI])aTienAsl;

nwg)anCaRBHGnaKamI 1 .























stib,dæanTaMg 4 enaH ry³eBl 7 Ex GñkenaH nwgsgÇwmplTaMg 2



mñalPikçúTaMgLay 7 Ex elIkTukcuH GñkNamYy )anceRmIn







mñalPikçúTaMgLay 1 Ex elIkTukcuH .l. GñkNamYy )anceRmIn

stib,dæanTaMg 4 enaH ry³eBl 7 éf¶ tamlMdab;énPavnaEdltfaKt

)aneBalmkehIyy:agenH bNþaplTaMg 2 plNamYy KWnwgsgÇwm

)annUvRBHGrhtþplkñúgbc©úb,nñCatienH 1 b¤ebI])aTienAsl; nwg)anCa

RBHGnaKamI 1 .

mñalPikçúTaMgLay enHCapøÚvmUlEtmYy edÍm,IesckIþbrisuT§ivíess

énstVTaMgLay edÍm,Iknøgbg;nUvesckIþesak nigesckIþxSwkxSÜl edÍm,I

rMlt;bg;nUvTukçnigeTamnsS edÍm,I)annUvGriymKÁRbkbedayGgÁ 8 Rbkar

edÍm,IeFVI[Cak;c,as;nUvRBHniBVan . BaküNa EdltfaKt)aneBalehIy

fa sasnarbs;tfaKt CaKuNsRmab;eRsacRsg;stV dUecñH Bakünu+H

tfaKteBalehIy eRBaHGaRs½ynUvpøÚvd¾RbesIr KWstib,dæan 4 enHÉg .

3


Gdækfa GanisgSénkarceRmInstib,dæan

Baküfa eya hi ekaci Pikçev mann½yfa mñalPikçúTaMgLay

buKÁlNamYy minfa Pikçú PikçúnI ])ask b¤])asika . Baküfa ÉvM

Paevyü mann½yfa )anceRmIntamlMdab;Pavna EdltfaKt)aneBal

ehIytaMgBIedÍm . Baküfa bdíkgçM mann½yfa Kb,IsgÇwm)an KWKb,I

R)afña )any:agBit . bTfa GBaØa sMedAdl;RBHGrhtþ . Baküfa sti

va ])aTiess mann½yfa ebI])aTiessví)akxn§ Edlkiels man

tNðaCaedÍmRbkan;Tuk enAsl; minTan;Gs;eTA . Baküfa GnaKamita

ERbfa PaBCaRBHGnaKamI .

RBHmanRBHPaK kalRTg;sEmþgRBH»vaT CaFm’naMGñkbdíbtþiecj

cakTukç kñúgry³ 7 qñaM y:agenHehIy kalnwgRTg;sEmþgevlabdíbtþi

EdlxøICagenaH eTIbRtas;fa tidænþú Pikçev mñalPikçúTaMgLay 7 qñaM elIk

TuksincuH .

BaküenaHTaMgGs; RTg;Rtas;edayevenyüstVfñak;kNþal . Et

RTg;Rtas;fa buKÁlTTYlBaküeRbónRbedAkñúgeBlRBwk nwgseRmcKuN

víesskñúgeBll¶ac TTYlBaküeRbónRbedAeBll¶ac nwgseRmceBl

RBwkdUecñH RTg;sMedAdl;buKÁlEdlmanbBaØacas;køa .


RBHmanRBHPaK RTg;sEmþgfa BaküeRbónRbedArbs;tfaKt naMGñk

bdíbtþiecjcakTukç y:agenHehIy kalnwgRTg;júaMgRBHFm’eTsna Edl

RTg;sEmþgdl;Fm’kMBUl KWRBHGrhtþ [cuHkñúgzan³ 21 Rbkar eTIbRtas;

fa mñalPikçúTaMgLay pøÚvenHCapøÚvmUlEtmYy edÍm,IesckIþbrisuT§iénstV

TaMgLay edÍm,Iknøgbg;nUvesak³ nigbrieTv³ edÍm,IrMlt;Tukç nigeTamnsS

edÍm,IseRmc)annUvGriymKÁ RbkbedayGgÁ 8 Rbkar edÍm,IeFVI[Cak;c,as;

nUvRBHniBVanenaH KWstib,dæan 4/ BaküNa EdltfaKtsEmþgehIy

BaküenaH tfaKteBal eRBaHGaRs½ypøÚvmUlEtmYyenHÉg .

3

- 9 - kayanubsSnastib,dæan

»vaTRBHsasþa eBalGMBIstib,dæanPavna

´)ansþab;mky:agenH . sm½ymYy RBHmanRBHPaK RTg;Kg;enAkñúg

km μasTm μniKmrbs;Gñkkuru kñúgEdnkuru . kalRBHmanRBHPaK RTg;Kg;

enAkñúgkm μasTm μniKmenaHÉg )anRtas;ehAPikçúTaMgLayfa mñalPikçú

TaMgLay . PikçúTaMgenaH TTYlRBHBuT§dÍka énRBHmanRBHPaKfa bBiRt

RBHGgÁd¾ceRmIn/ RBHmanRBHPaK RTg;Rtas;y:agenHfa mñalPikçúTaMgLay

pøÚv KW stib,dæanTaMg 4 enH CapøÚvmUlEtmYy ¬ RbRBwtþeTA ¦ edÍm,IesckIþ

brisuT§iénstVTaMgLay edÍm,IlHbg;nUvesckIþesak nigesckIþxSwkxSÜl

edÍm,IrMlt;nUvTukç nigeTamnsS edÍm,I)annUvGriymKÁ RbkbedayGgÁ 8

Rbkar edÍm,IeFVI[Cak;c,as;nUvRBHniBVan .

stib,dæanTaMg 4 etIGVIxøH ?

mñalPikçúTaMgLay PikçúkñúgsasnaenH BicarNaeXIjnUvkaykñúg

kay CaRbRktI RKb;\riyabfTaMg 4 manBüayam CaeRKÓgdutkemþA

kiels CaGñkdågxøÜn mansμartI ¬ CaeRKÓgkMNt; ¦ km©at;bg;nUvGPiCÄa

nigeTamnsSkñúgelakecj 1 BicarNaeXIjnUvevTnakñúgevTnaTaMgLay

CaRbRktIRKb;\riyabfTaMg 4 manBüayamCaeRKÓgdutkemþAkiels CaGñk

dågxøÜn mans μartI ¬ CaeRKÓgkMNt; ¦ km©at;bg;nUvGPiCÄa nigeTamnsS


kñúgelakecj 1 BicarNaeXIjnUvcitþkñúgcitþTaMgLay CaRbRktIRKb;

\riyabfTaMg 4 manBüayamCaeRKÓgdutkemþAkiels CaGñkdågxøÜn man

sμartI ¬ CaeRKÓgkMNt; ¦ km©at;bg;nUvGPiCÄa nigeTamnsSkñúgelakecj

1 BicarNaeXIjnUvFm’kñúgFm’TaMgLay CaRbRktI RKb;\riyabfTaMg

4 manBüayamCaeRKÓgdutkemþAkiels CaGñkdågxøÜn mans μartI ¬ Ca

eRKÓgkMNt; ¦ km©at;bg;nUvGPiCÄa nigeTamnsSkñúgelakecj 1 .

¬ cb; ]eTÞsvarkfa ¦

3


Gdækfa kayanubsSnastib,dæan

kñúgbdísmÖiTamKÁ bTfa ]bdæaneta mankarcUleTAtaMgTuk CaGtß

KWmansPavFm’CaGtß GFib,ayfa manstinaMecjcakesckIþRbkan; .

bTfa ]bdæanM sti - stiR)akd eQ μaHfa stiR)akd eRBaHsti

kMNt;GarmμN_enaH taMgTuk .

bTfa GnubsSnajaNM stiCaGnubsSnajaN mann½yfa

kayanubsSna Canimitþ edayGMNacsmfanubsSna KW namkay rUbkay/

CajaNedayGMNacsmfvíbsSna .

bTfa kaeya]bdæanM - kayR)akd KWeQ μaHfa R)akd eRBaHkay

mansticUleTAtmál; .

bTfa ena sti - minEmnsti mann½yfa kayenaHminEmnsti .

bTfa tM kayM GnubsSti - stiBicarNaeXIjkayenaH KWtam

rlwknUvkaytamEdl)aneBalehIy edayGMNacénsmfvíbsSna

Cak;c,as;edayjaNEdlsm,yutþedayQan b¤edayvíbsSnajaN .

Baküfa kaey kayanubsSna stib,dæan Pavna stib,dæanPavna

KWkarBicarNaeXIjkaykñúgkay .

n½ymü:ageTot elakGFib,ayfa karBicarNaeXIj kaykñúgkay


KWminEmnBicarNaeXIjFm’déTkñúgkayeLIy minEmnBicarNaeXIj fa

eTog fasux faGtþa fas¥at enAkñúgkayEdlmineTog CaTukç CaGntþa

mins¥ateLIy/ GFib,ayfa BicarNaeXIjkay RtwmEtCakay eRBaH

minmannrNa² KYrnwgRbkan;kñúgkay faCaeyIg farbs;eyIg faRsI

b¤Rbús .

kñúg 3 bT manCaedÍmfa evTnasuevTnanubsSna CaedÍm k¾man

n½y dUecñHdUcKña .

stienaHÉgR)akd eQ μaHfa stib,dæan nigEdlsm,yutþeday

kayanubsSna eQ μaHfa kayanubsSnastib,dæan karceRmInkayanu-

bsSnastib,dæanenaHÉg eQμaHfa kayanubsSnastib,dæanPavna .

bTfa tM kayM RTg;eBalBaküsMedAykkayenaH RTg;se®gÁaHyk

Baküfa kay sBÞ KW namkay nig rUbkay sUm,IminTan;)ansEmþg

Tuk edayGnic©anubsSnaCaedÍm k¾sMedAyk namkay ¬ namFm’ ¦ nig

rUbkay ¬ rUbFm’ ¦ enaHÉg min)ansMedAyk kaynimitþ ¬ bBaØtþi ¦ enaH

eLIy/ KWRTg;sMedAykGnubsSna nigPavna .

Gdækfa sumgÁlvílasinI mhavKÁ stib,dæan

RBHGgÁRTg;Rtas;sEmþgfa stib,dæanCapøÚvmUlEt 1 edÍm,IesckIþ

brisuTi§énstVTaMgLay edÍm,IlHbg;nUvesckIþesak nigesckIþxSwkxSÜl


edÍm,IrMlt;nUvTukçnigeTamnsS edÍm,I)annUvGriymKÁ RbkbedayGgÁ 8

Rbkar edÍm,IeFVI[Cak;c,as;nUvRBHniBVan .

kñúgBaküfa mKÁ eRBaHGtßfa dUcemþc - eRBaHGtßfa CapøÚvnaMeTAkan;

RBHniBVanmü:ag eRBaHGtßfa GñkRtÚvkarRBHniBVan Kb,IEsVgrkmü:ag .

Baküfa edÍm,IesckIþbrisuT§iénstVTaMgLay mann½yfa edÍm,I

RbeyaCn_dl;esckIþbrisuT§iénstVTaMgLay EdlCaGñkmancitþesAh μg

eRBaHmnÞilTaMgLay manraK³CaedÍm nigeRBaH]bkiáelsTaMgLay man

GPiCÄavísmelaP³CaedÍm tamBit stVTaMgLayenaH RBHsm μasm


dUecñaH RBHmanRBHPaK eTIbRtas;fa edÍm,IesckIþbrisuT§iénstVTaMgLay .

Baküfa edÍm,IQanknøgesckIþesak nigbrieTv³ sMedAykedÍm,I

Qanknøg KWlHbg;nUvesckIþesak nigbrieTv³ . BitehIy mKÁ enH

EdlbuKÁlceRmInehIy rEmgRbRBwtþeTAedÍm,IQanknøgesak³ nigbrieTv³

dUcCaesak³rbs;snþtimhamatüCaedÍm ¬ eRBaHPriyasøab; ¦ .

Baküfa edÍm,IrMlt;Tukç nigeTamnsS mann½yfa edÍm,IkartaMgenA

min)an KWrMlt;TaMg 2/ TaMgTukçpøÚvkay nigTukçpøÚvcitþ .

mKÁRbkbedayGgÁ 8 enH CaGriy³ ehAfa ejyüFm’ kñúgesckIþ

fa jaysS GFiKmay edÍm,IseRmcnUvejyüFm’ GFib,ayfa edÍm,I

)anseRmc KWedÍm,IejyüFm’enaH . BitehIy mKÁ KWstib,dæanEdl

Caelakiy EdlbuKÁlceRmInehIy rEmgRbRBwtþeTAedÍm,I)anseRmcnUv

mKÁCaelakutþr . eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbRBHmanRBHPaK RTg;Rtas;sEmþg

fa edÍm,IseRmcnUvejyüFm’ .

kñúgBaküfa edÍm,IeFVI[Cak;c,as;nUvRBHniBVan GFib,ayfa edÍm,IeFVI

[Cak;c,as; KWedÍm,IeFVI[RbckSedayxøÜnÉg nUvGmtFm’Edl)aneQμaH

fa niBVan eRBaHR)ascaktNða EdlCaeRKÓgrYbrwt . BitehIy mKÁenH

kalbuKÁlceRmInehIy rEmgeFVI[Cak;c,as;nUvRBHniBVan [seRmctam

lMdab; . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHmanRBHPaK eTIbRTg;Rtas;fa edÍm,IeFVI[


Cak;c,as;nUvRBHniBVan .

eRBaHehtuGVI RBHmanRBHPaK eTIbRTg;Rtas;stib,dæanman 4 min

eRcInCagenaH ?

eqøIyfa eRBaHRTg;[CaRbeyaCn_d¾éRkElg dl;evenyüstV .

BitehIy kñúgBBYkevenyüstV EdlmanbBaØaTn;exSay nigbBaØa

cas;køaenaH

-kayanubsSnastib,dæan mannimitþ EdlKb,IseRmc)an eday

minlM)ak KWCapøÚvbrisuT§ sRmab;evenyüstV EdlCasmfyanik man

bBaØaTn;exSay .

-evTnanubsSnastib,dæan manGarmμN_d¾l¥itsuxum CapøÚvbrisuT§

sRmab;evenyüstV EdlCasmfyanik manbBaØacas;;køa .

-citþanubsSnastib,dæan manGarmμN_Eckecj minsUveRcIn CapøÚv

brisuT§sRmab;evenyüstV EdlCavíbsSnayanik manbBaØaTn;exSay .

-Fm μanubsSnastib,dæan manGarmμN_EckecjeRcIn CapøÚvbrisuT§

sRmab;evenyüstV EdlCavíbsSnayanik manbBaØacas;køa .

eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbRTg;Rtas;fa stib,dæanman 4 mineRcInCagenaH .

kñúgGdækfaeBalfa stib,dæan manEt 1 b:ueNÑaH eRBaHmankar

rlwk/ man 4 edayGMNacénGarmμN_ .


eRbóbdUcRBHnKrmanTVar 4 buKÁlEdlcUlmktamTVarTisxagekIt

buKÁlEdlcUlmktamTVarTisxagt,Úg buKÁlEdlcUlmktamTVarTisxag

lic k¾dUcKñanwgbuKÁlEdlcUlmktamTVarTisxageCÍg naMykvtßúepSg²

cUlmk tamTVarTisNamYy cUlmkkñúgRBHnKr y:agNa esckIþ]b-

emyüenH k¾dUecñaH . BitehIy RBHniBVan eRbóbdUcCaRBHnKr/ elakutþrFm’

manGgÁ 8 eRbóbdUcCaTVarRBHnKr stib,dæan mankayCaedÍm eRbób

dUcCaTisTaMgLay manTisxagekItCaedÍm .

buKÁlmkBITisxagekIt naMvtßúepSg² mkBITisxagekIt cUlmkkan;

RBHnKrtamTVarTisxagekIt y:agNa Gñkbdíbtþitamry³kayanubsSna

ceRmInkayanubsSna 14 víFI rEmgcUleTAkan;RBHniBVanedayGriymKÁ

EdlekItcakGanuPaBénkarceRmInkayanubsSna k¾dUecñaH .

buKÁlEdlmkBITisxagt,Úg naMvtßúmkBITisxagt,Úg cUlmkkan;

RBHnKrtamTVarTisxagt,Úg y:agNa Gñkbdíbtþitamry³énevTnanubsSna

ceRmInevTnanubsSna 9 víFI rEmgcUleTAkan;RBHniBVan edayGriymKÁ

EdlekItcakGanuPaBénkarceRmInevTnanubsSna k¾dUecñaH .

buKÁlmkBITisxaglic naMvtßúcUlmktamTVarTisxaglic rEmg

cUlmkkan;RBHnKrtamTVarTisxaglic y:agNa Gñkbdíbtþitamry³

citþanubsSna ceRmIncitþanubsSna 16 víFI rEmgcUlmkkan;RBHniBVan


edayGriymKÁEdlekItcakGanuPaBénkarceRmIncitþanubsSna k¾dUecñaH .

buKÁlmkBITisxageCÍg naMvtßúmkBITisxageCÍg k¾cUlmkkan;RBH

nKrtamTVarTisxageCÍgy:agNa Gñkbdíbtþitamry³FmμanubsSna ceRmIn

FmμanubsSna 5 víFI k¾cUlmkkan;RBHniBVanedayGriymKÁ EdlekItcak

BIGanuPaBénkarceRmInFmμanubsSna k¾dUecñaH .

bNÐitKb,IRCabfa EdlRBHGgÁRTg;Rtas;fa stib,dæanmanEt 1

k¾edayGanuPaBénkarrlwk)anmü:ag b¤edayGanuPaB EdlmankarcUl

mkRbCMucuHkñúgTIEtmYy ¬ RBHniBVan ¦ mü:ag/ stib,dæanman 4 edaykar

kMNt;tamGarmμN_ .

Baküfa BicarNaeXIjkay mann½yfa manRbRktIBicarNaeXIj

kay b¤BicarNaeXIjkay . RBHmanRBHPaK RTg;Rtas;fa kñúgkay

bNÐitKb,IRCabfa RTg;eFVIsBÞfa kay BaküTI 2 BicarNaeXIjkay

mYyelIkeTot edÍm,IRTg;sEmþgkarkMNt; nigkarEck[dac;BIKña min[

RbCMuKña/ PikçúminEmnBicarNaeXIjevTnakñúgkay b¤citþkñúgkay b¤Fm’kñúg

kayenaHeT EdlBit BicarNaeXIjkaykñúgkay eTIbRTg;sEmþgkar

kMNt;[dac;edayELkBIKña edayRTg;sEmþgGakarBicarNaeXIjkay

¬ rUbFm’ ¦ kñúgvtßúEdlsm μtifa kay . minEmnBicarNaeXIjFm’déT

EdlputcakGvyv³tUcFMkñúgkay TaMgminBicarNaeXIjburs b¤®sþI Edl


putcaksk;CaedÍm .

BitehIy kñúgTIenH kay Edlrab;fa CaTIRbCMucuHénmhaPUtrUb nig

])aTayrUb Edlsnμtfa Cask;CaedÍm minEmnBicarNaeXIjFm’déT

NaeRkABI PUtrUb nig ])aTayrUb eLIy esckIþBit BicarNaeXIjkay

EdlCaTIRbCMucuH énGvyv³tUcFMkñúgkayenaH dUcnwgBicarNaeXIjGgÁ

RbkbénrfdUecñaH BicarNaeXIjkayEdlCaTIRbCMucuHénsk; RkckCaedÍm

dUcCaBicarNaeXIj cMENktUcFMénRBHnKr KWBicarNaeXIjkayEdl

CaTIRbCMucuHén PUtrUb nig ])aTayrUb .

¬ Edl)anevaharfa sk; b¤Rkck eRBaHPUtrUb nig])aTayrUb

RbCMuKña minmanstVbuKÁl kñúgsk; b¤RkckenaHeLÍy ¦ .

dUecñHehIy eTIbRTg;sEmþgnUvkarEckdac;BIKña edayRTg;sEmþgnUv

vtßúEdl)anevaharfa kay RKan;EtCaTIRbCMu edayGakarepSg² b:ueNÑaH

Ég . burs b¤®sþIminman/ manRtwmEtkayenHb:ueNÑaH . PUtrUb nig

])aTayrUb RbCMuKña eTIbehAfa kay EtstVTaMgLayRbkan;xuseday

RbkarenaH² kñúgkayEdlRKan;EtCaTIRbCMuénFm’enaH² dUcEdleBal

ehIy KW PUtrUb nig ])aTayrUb . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHburaNacarü eTIb

eBalfa

yM bsSti n tM TidæM yM TidæM tM n bsSti


GbsSM BCÄet mUeL`a BCÄmaena n muc©ti>

ERbfa buKÁlemIlvtßúNa min)aneXIjvtßúenaH EbrCaeXIjvtßú

min)anemIl buKÁlvegVg kalEdleXIjrbs;Edlmin)anemIl rEmg

Cab;CMBak; kalebICab;CMBak; k¾minrYcput .

elaksMEdgBaküenH edÍm,IsEmþgnUvkarEck[dac;BIKñanUv Xn³

CaedÍm .

PikçúenH BicarNaeXIjkaykñúgkayb:ueNÑaH GFib,ayfa minEmn

BicarNaeXIjFm’déTeLIy . buKÁlTaMgLay eXIjTwkkñúgéf¶ beNþIr

kUn esckIþBit Twkminman y:agNa PikçúBicarNaeXIjkayenHfa Carbs;

mineTog CaTukç minEmntYxøÜn mins¥at faCarbs;eTog Casux CatYxøÜn fa

s¥atmin)aneLIy esckIþBit BicarNaeXIjkayenH GFib,ayfa BicarNa

eXIjkayEdlCaTIRbCMucuHénGakarenaH² KWmineTog CaTukç minEmnxøÜn

mins¥atenaHvíjeT .

kayenH RBHsarIbutþeBalTukkñúg bdísmÖiTamKÁ fa

PikçúrUbxøH kñúgFm μvín½yenH BicarNaeXIjkay KWdÍ/ kay KWTwk/

kay KWePøIg/ kay KWxül;/ kay KWeram sk; Rkck eFμj Es,k q¥wg>>>

mann½yfa Carbs;mineTog dUecñHbNÐitKb,IRCabnUvGtßénkayTaMgGs;

y:agenHfa PikçúBicarNaeXIjkaykñúgkay KWBicarNaeXIjnUvkayenH


b:ueNÑaH .

kñúg bdísmÖiTamKÁ ³ eQ μaHfa Pikçú )andl; GñkeXIjP½ykñúg

sgSarvdþ .

mü:ageTot Kb,IRCabfa BicarNaeXIjkay KWBicarNaeXIjFm’

TaMgLayEdlRbCMuKña sn μt)anfa Cask;CaedÍm minEmnBicarNaeXIj

Rtg;cMENkNamYy Edlsnμtfa CaeyIg faCarbs;eyIgkñúgkayenaH

eT EtBicarNaeXIjkayenaH² CaTIRbCMuénFm’epSg² Edlsnμtfa sk;

RkckCaedÍm .

mü:ageTot karBicarNaeXIjkaykñúgkay )andl; BicarNaeXIj

kayCaTIRbCMuénGakarepSg² manlkçN³mineTogCaedÍm Edlmann½y

mktamlMdab; kñúgbdísmÖiTamKÁfa BicarNaeXIjkaykñúgkayenH eday

Carbs;mineTog minEmneXIjfa eTogenaHeT .

BitehIy GñkbdibtþibdibTa KWBicarNaeXIjkaykñúgTIenH rEmg

BicarNaeXIjkay Carbs;mineTog minEmneXIjfa Carbs;eTog

BicarNaeXIjfaCaTukç mineXIjfaCasux BicarNaeXIjfaCaGntþa

mineXIjfa CaGtþa edayGMNacGnubsSna 7 manGnic©anubsSna

TukçanubsSna GntþanubsSna niBViTanubsSna víraKanubsSna nieraFanu-

bsSna nigbdínisSKÁanubsSna KWBicarNaeXIjesckIþmineTogCaedÍm


rEmgenOyNay minrIkray rEmglHbg;teRmk minEmneRtkGr/ rEmg

rMlt;Tukç minEmnbgánUvTukç/ rEmglHbg; minEmnRbkan;maM .

PikçúenaH kalNaBicarNaeXIjkayenH edayCarbs;mineTog

rEmglHbg;nUvnic©sBaØa karsmÁal;fa eTogecj)an kalBicarNa

eXIjnUvTukç rEmglHbg;nUvsuxsBaØa karsmÁal;faCasuxecj)an kal

BicarNaeXIjnUvrbs;minEmnCatYxøÜn rEmglHbg;GtþsBaØa karsmÁal;

faCatYxøÜnecj)an kalebIenOyNay rEmglHbg;nUvesckIþeRtkGr

kalebIlHbg;nUvesckIþeRtkGr)an rEmgkm©at;nUvsmuTy³ kalebITukç

rlt; k¾eRBaHkarlHbg;nUvehtuEdlnaM[ekItTukç kalebIlHbg;)anehIy

rEmgminRbkan;maM ¬ enHGnubsSna 7 ¦ .

Baküfa manesckIþBüayam manGtßfa sPav³Na rEmgdutkemþA

kielsTaMgLaykñúgPB 3 ehtuenaH sPav³enaH eQμaHfa Gatab - dut

kemþAkiels BaküenH CaeQμaHénesckIþBüayam esckIþBüayaménbuKÁl

enaH manehIy eRBaHehtuenaH buKÁlenaH eQ μaHfa GatabI KWGñkman

esckIþBüayam .

Baküfa mansm,CBaØ³ KWGñkRbkbehIyedaykardågxøÜnEdlehA

fa sm,CBaØ³ .

Baküfa mansti KWRbkbehIyedaysti Edlmankñúgkay .


PikçúrUbenH kMNt;dågGarmμN_edaystiehIy BicarNaeXIjc,as;

edaybBaØa Fm μtafa bBaØaGacBicarNaeXIjc,as;eTA)an ebIevorcak

stiehIy minGacRbRBwtþeTA)aneLIy edayehtuenaH RBHmanRBHPaK

Cam©as; eTIbRtas;Tukkñúg sMyutþnikay mhavKÁ fa

mñalPikçúTaMgLay tfaKteBalfa sti Kb,ImankñúgTITaMgBYg eRBaH

dUecñaH kñúgTIenH eTIbRTg;Rtas;fa rEmgBicarNaeXIjkaykñúgkay .

kayanubsSnastib,dæan RTg;)ansEmþgTukedayRbkardUecñHÉg .

¬ cb; Gdækfa ]eTÞsvar³ ¦

3

- 23 - kayanubsSna Gana)anbBV³

1-Gana)nbBV³ mñalPikçúTaMgLay PikçúBicarNaeXIjkaykñúgkay CaRbRktIRKb;

\riyabfTaMg 4 etIedayvíFIdUcemþc . mñalPikçúTaMgLay Pikçúkñúgsasna

enH eTAkan;éRBkþI eTAkan;møb;eQIkþI eTAkan;pÞHs¶at;kþI GgÁúyEBnEPñn taMg

kay[Rtg; taMgsti[manmuxeq


dågc,as;fa Gat μaGjdkdegðÍmecjEvg b¤kaldkdegðÍmcUlEvg k¾dåg

c,as;fa GatμaGjdkdegðÍmcUlEvg kaldkdegðÍmecjxøI k¾dågc,as;fa

GatμaGjdkdegðÍmecjxøI b¤kaldkdegðÍmcUlxøI k¾dågc,as;fa GatμaGj

dkdegðÍmcUlxøI/ ¬ Pikçú ¦ sikSafa GatμaGjnwgkMNt;dågc,as;nUvkay KW

xül;ecjTaMgBYg ehIydkdegðÍmecj sikSafa Gat μaGjnwgkMNt;dåg

c,as;nUvkay KWxül;cUlTaMgBYg ehIydkdegðÍmcUl sikSafa GatμaGj

nwgrm¶ab;nUvkaysgçar dkdegðÍmecj sikSafa GatμaGjnwgrm¶ab;nUvkay

sgçar dkdegðÍmcUl man]bemyüdUecñaHÉg .

PikçúBicarNa eXIjnUvkaykñúgkay Caxagkñúg CaRbRktIRKb;\riya-

bfTaMg 4 enHpg BicarNaeXIjnUvkaykñúgkay xageRkA CaRbRktIRKb;

\riyabfTaMg 4 pg BicarNaeXIjnUvFm’EdlRbCuMekIteLIg kñúgkay

RKb;\riyabfTaMg 4 pg BicarNaeXIjnUvFm’ EdlsUnüeTAkñúgkay

RKb;\riyabfTaMg 4 pg BicarNaeXIjFm’EdlRbCMuekIteLIg kñúgkay

TaMgFm’EdlsUnüeTAkñúgkay RKb;\riyabfTaMg 4 pg .

mYyeTot sμartIrbs;PikçúenaH k¾p©g;eLIgcMeBaHfa kayenHmanEmn

EtminEmnstV minEmnbuKÁl minEmnRsI minEmnRbúsCaedÍm RKan;Et

CaTIkMNt; edÍm,I[ceRmInR)aCJa edÍm,I[ceRmInsμartIb:ueNÑaH . Pikçúman

citþminGaRs½y ¬ edaytNða nigTidæí ¦ RKb;\riyabfTaMg 4 pg min


RbekokRbkan;GVItictYc kñúgelakpg .

mñalPikçúTaMgLay PikçúBicarNaeXIjkaykñúgkay CaRbRktIRKb;

\riyabfTaMg 4 y:agenHÉg .

Gdækfa Baküfa PikçúcUleTAkan;éRB cUleTAkan;Kl;eQI cUleTAkan;pÞHs¶at;

enH RTg;sEmþgkMNt;nUvesnasn³ EdlsmKYrdl;karceRmIn stib,dæan

rbs;PikçúGgÁenaH . eRBaHcitþrbs;elakRtac;eTAkñúgGarm μN_TaMgLay

manrUbCaedÍmmkyUrehIy rEmgminR)afñanwgeLIgkan;vífÍénkmμdæan KitEt

nwgbRmasecjeRkApøÚvEtmü:ag eRbóbdUcreTH EdlTwmedayeKaekagdUecñaH

eRBaHdUecñaH PikçúEdlnwgceRmInnUvstib,dæanenH bMNgnwgTUnμancitþEdl

kac EdleRcInedaykareRkbrs manrU)armμN_CaedÍmmkyUrehIy Kb,I

BRgat;ecjcakrU)arm μN_CaedÍm ehIycUleTAkan;éRBkþI Kl;eQIkþI pÞH

s¶at;kþI Kb,IGaRs½yExS KWsticgTukkñúgbegÁal KWGarmμN_rbs;sti-

b,dæanenaH . citþrbs;elakenaH rEmgrsab;rsl;eTApøÚvenaHpøÚvenH kal

min)anGarmμN_ EdlFøab;esBmkkñúgkalmun TaMgminGacpþac;ExS KWsti

[dac;edÍm,InwgeKceTA k¾enAEGbsñiT§nwgGarm μN_enaHeTA KWedaysar

GMNacén]bcarPavna nigGb,naPavna ¬ PavnaTaMg 2 enH manBisþar

kñúgvísuT§imKÁsmaFinieTÞsehIy bNÐitKb,IsikSacuH ¦ . eRbóbdUckUneKa


EdleKBRgat;ecjBIemeKa ykeTAcgTukCab;nwgbegÁalsñwg edÍm,IbgVåk

dUecñaH .

esnasn³enH rEmgsmKYrdl;karceRmInstib,dæanrbs;PikçúGgÁ

enaH EdlceRmInstib,dæanedayRbkardUecñH . eRBaHdUecñaH eTIb´m©as;

eBalfa BaküenH CakarsEmþgdl;esnasn³EdlsmKYrdl;kar

ceRmIn stib,dæanrbs;PikçúGgÁenaH .

karkMNt;xül;GsSasbsSas³ Baküfa mñalPikçúTaMgLay eRbóbdUcCagRkLwg b¤kUnsisSénCag

RkLwgEdlqøat enH RtwmEtCaBakü]bmab:ueNÑaH .

Baküfa kñúgkayxagkñúg enHKWCaGb,nab:ueNÑaH EtGb,naenaH k¾

minmkedayBaküenaH mkEt]bcarkm μdæand¾ess . Baküfa Gñkqøat

KWGñkCMnaj . Baküfa TajExSRkLwgEvgkþI mann½yfa sn§wgéd sn§wg

eCÍgTajExSEvg enAeBlRkLwgeFVIBiNCaedÍm EdlCarbs;FM . Baküfa

TajExSRkLwgxøIkþI mann½yfa TajxøI² kñúgeBlRkLwgrbs;tUc² dUcCa

PøúknigrnukTVarCaedÍm . Baküfa dUecñaHdUcKña mann½yfa sUm,IPikçúenH

k¾dUecñaH kaldkdegðÍmcUlEvgedayxül;GsSas³ nigbsSas³EdlEvg

nigxøI k¾dågc,as;fa eyIgdkdegðÍmcUlEvg .l. k¾BicarNafa eyIgdk

degðÍmcUlEvg . eBlEdlelakBicarNay:agenH Qan 4 rEmgekIt


kñúgnimitþénxül;GsSasbsSas³ elakecjcakQanehIy k¾kMNt;

dågnUvxül;GasSasbsSas³ b¤k¾kMNt;GgÁQan .

kñúgkarkMNt;xül;GsSasbsSas³enaH PikçúRbkbkmμdæankñúgxül;

GsSasbsSas³ rEmgkMNt;dågnUvrUb y:agenHfa xül;GsSasbsSas³

TaMgenH GaRs½yGVI - GaRs½yvtßú/ krCkay eQμaHfa vtßú/ mhaPUtrUb 4

nig])aTayrUb eQμaHfa krCkay/ bnÞab;BIenaH eTIbkMNt;kñúgnamFm’

EdlmanpsS³CaTI 5 ¬ evTna sBaØa ectna víBaØaN psS³ ¦ manrUb

enaHCaGarm μN_ . kalkMNt;namrUbenaH y:agenH edayRbkardUecñH

ehIyk¾Kitrkbc©½yénnamrUbenaH kalebIeXIjbdíc©smub,aT manGvíC¢a

CaedImehIy k¾qøgputnUvesckIþsgS½y)anfa enHRtwmEtbc©½y nigFm’Edl

ekIteRBaHbc©½yb:ueNÑaH minEmnstV b¤buKÁl eTIbkMNt;dågnamrUbRBmTaMg

bc©½yEdlsßitenAkñúgsamBaØlkçN³ ceRmInvíbsSna k¾nwgseRmcnUv

RBHGrhtþtamlMdab; enHCapøÚvecjcakTukç seRmcrhUtdl;Grhtþrbs;

PikçúmYyrUb .

PikçúceRmInQankm μdæan kMNt;namrUbfa GgÁQanTaMgLayenH

GaRs½yGVI - GaRs½yvtßúrUb/ krCkay eQ μaHfa vtßúrUb/ GgÁQanCa

namFm’ krCkayCarUbFm’ kalnwgKitrkbc©½yénnamrUbenaH k¾eXIj

bc©yakar manGvíC¢aCaedIm eTIbqøgnUvesckIþsgS½y)anfa enHRtwmEt


bc©½ynigFm’GaRs½ybc©½yekIteLIg minEmnstV b¤buKÁl eTIbkMNt;nUv

éRtlkçN_énnamrUb RBmTaMgbc©½y ceRmInvíbsSna seRmcGrhtþtam

lMdab; enHCapøÚvénkarputcakTukçrbs;PikçúmYyrUb .

Baküfa \ti GCÄtþM va - kñúgkayxagkñúg mann½yfa BicarNa

eXIjkaykñúgkay KWxül;GsSasbsSas³rbs;xøÜn . Baküfa b¤xag

eRkA mann½yfa BicarNaeXIjkaykñúgkay KWxül;GsSasbsSas³

rbs;GñkdéT . Baküfa TaMgxagkñúgTaMgxageRkA mann½yfa b¤kñúgkay

KWxül;GsSasbsSas³rbs;xøÜntamkal rbs;GñkdéTtamkal eday

BaküenH RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;Rtas; kalPikçúenaHmindak;cuHnUvkmμdæan Edl

sÞat;CMnaj [kay KWxül;GsSasbsSas³sBa©reTAmk k¾kic©TaMg 2

enH minmankñúgxN³EtmYyenaHeT .

bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa Gana)ansStisURt

bTfa kayBaØtrM mann½yfa tfaKteBalnUvkaymYyRbePT kñúg

bNþakay 4 manbzvÍkayCaedÍm GFib,ayfa tfaKteBalfa xül;

Cakay . mü:ageTot ekadæas ¬ cMENk ¦ énrUb 25 KWGaytn³ 10 nig

suxumrUb 15 eQμaHfa rUbkay bNþaekadæasénrUb 25 enaH Gana)an

¬ xül;degðÍmecjcUl ¦ CakaymYyRbePT se®gÁaHcUlkñúg epadæBVaytn³

eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbRTg;Rtas;y:agenaH . bTfa ts μatih mann½yfa


eRBaHehtuEdlPikçútamkMNt;dågnUv vaeyakay CakaymYyRbePT kñúg

kayTaMg 4 b¤tameXIj Gna)an CakaymYyRbePT kñúgcMENkénrUb

25 EdlCarUbkay eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbCaGñkBicarNa eXIjkaykñúg

kay .

bTfa bhanM RTg;sEmþgykjaNCaeRKÓglHbg; y:agenHfa

lHbg;nic©sBaØa kareXIjfaeTog edayGnic©anubsSna kartameXIjfa

mineTog . bTfa tM bBaØay TisVa RTg;sEmþgdl;víbsSna EdlbnþKña

KWsEmþg bhanjaN eBal KWGnic©jaN/ víraKjaN nieraFjaN

bdínisSKÁjaN edayvíbsSnabBaØadéTeTot . bTfa GCÄúebkçita ehati

mann½yfa smøwgemIlkñúgcMENkTaMg 2 KWkarsmøwgemIlénGñkbdíbtþi

smf³ nigkarsmøwgemIlkarR)akdrYmKña . kñúgkarsmøwgemIl 2 y:ag

enaH karsmøwgemIlshCatFm’ k¾man/ karsmøwgemIlGarm μN_ k¾man

TIenHsMedAykkarsmøwgGarm μN_ . bTfa GCÄúebkçita ehati mann½y

fa CaGñksmøwgemIlnUvshCatFm’ .

Baküfa BicarNaeXIjFm’ KWehtuekIteLIg KWGaRs½ysñb;rbs;

CagTg 1 Es,ksñb; 1/ karBüayam ekItBIEs,ksñb;sRmab;rujxül;

eTIbnwgsBa©reTAmk)an y:agNa kay KWxül;GsSasbsSas³ GaRs½y

krCkay 1 rn§RcmuH 1 citþ 1 rbs;Pikçú eTIbsBa©reTAmk)an dUecñaHEdr .


PikçúeXIjFm’ mankayCaedÍm EdlmankarekIteLIgCaFmμta RTg;ehAfa

BicarNaeXIjFm’EdlRbCuMekIteLIgkñúgkay . Baküfa BicarNaeXIj

Fm’ KWkarrlt; mann½yfa kalEs,ksñb;RtÚvnaMecjmkehIy kalEs,k

xUcehIy kalesckIþBüayamEdlekItBIEs,kenaH minmanxül;enaH

rEmgRbRBwtþeTAmin)an y:agNa kalkayEbkFøayehIy kalrn§RcmuH

RtÚvkm©at;ecalehIy nigkalcitþrlt;ehIy eQ μaHfa kay KWxül;

GsSasbsSas³ k¾rEmgRbRBwtþeTAmin)andUecñaH dUcKña . PikçúeXIj

y:agenHfa xül;GsSasbsSas³rlt; eRBaHkayCaedÍmrlt; dUecñH

RTg;ehAfa BicarNaeXIjFm’ KWkarrlt;énkay .

Baküfa BicarNaeXIjFm’ KWkarekItnigkarrlt; mann½yfa

BicarNaeXIjkarekIt nigkarrlt;tamkal .

Baküfa stirbs;elakR)akdc,as;fa kaymanEmn mann½yfa

stirbs;PikçúenaH cUleTAtmál;cMeBaHy:agenHfa kayenHmanEmn Et

minEmnstV minEmnbuKÁl minEmnRsI minEmnRbús minEmnxøÜn minEmn

rbs;xøÜn minEmneyIg minEmnrbs;eyIg minEmneK minEmnrbs;eK .

Baküfa Rtwmb:ueNÑaH enHCaeRKÓgkMNt;nUvEdnénRbeyaCn_ . elak

GFib,ayfa sticUleTAtaMgmaMenaH minEmnedÍm,IRbeyaCn_y:agdéTenaH

eT EdlBitenaH edÍm,IRbeyaCn_ KWkardåg KWRbmaNénkardåg d¾RbéB


éRkElgeLIg nigRbmaNénstib:ueNÑaH GFib,ayfa edÍm,IceRmInnUv

stism,CBaØ³ . Baküfa mancitþminGaRs½y mann½yfa minRtÚvkiels

GaRs½y edayGMNacénkiels KWtNða nigTidæí . Baküfa minRbekok

Rbkan;GVItictYckñúgelak mann½yfa minRbkan;GVI² kñúgelak KWrUb evTna

sBaØa sgçar víBaØaNfa enHCaxøÜnrbs;eyIg enHmanenAkñúgxøÜnrbs;eyIg .

mü:ageTot karrYjraxagkñúg rEmgeFVIGnþraydl;Gñk Edlminman

esckIþBüayam minmansm,CBaØ³ CaGñkmanesckIþvegVgkñúgbdíbTa Ca

GñkEdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgvtßúminEmnCa])ay GñkenAR)ascaksti rEmgmin

GacCaGñkmankarkMNt;dågnUvbdíbTa)aneT eRBaHehtuenaH km μdæanenaH

rbs;PikçúenaH rEmgminseRmc dUecñaHehIy kmμdæanenaH kalebInwgseRmc

edayGanuPaBénFm’Na kalRTg;sEmþgnUvFm’TaMgLayenaH Kb,IRCab

fa RBHmanRBHPaKRtas;fa manesckIþBüayam mansm,CBaØ³ mansti .

RTg;sEmþg kayanubsSnastib,dæan RBmTaMgGgÁénsm,eyaK

edÍm,InwgRTg;sEmþgnUvGgÁénkarlHbg; eTIbRtas;fa km©at;bg;nUvGPiCÄa

nigeTamnsSkñúgelak .

Baküfa km©at;bg; mann½yfa naMecjedaykarkm©at;ecalCaxN³²

b¤edaykarRKbsgát; . Baküfa kñúgelak KWkñúgkayenaHÉg . BitehIy

kayenH RTg;Rtas;fa elak eRBaHGtßfa RTúDeRTam .


GPiCÄa nigeTamnsS minEmnRBHeyaKavcrenaH lHbg;)ankñúg

Garm μN_ RtwmkayenHb:ueNÑaHeT sUm,IkñúgevTnaCaedÍm k¾lHbg;)an

dUcKña eRBaHdUecñaH eTIbRTg;eBalTukkñúgstib,dæanvíPgÁfa ])aTankçn§ 5

k¾ehAfa elak .

BaküenaH RTg;eBalTuk tamn½yénkarGFib,ayesckIþ eRBaHFm’

TaMgLayenaH rab;)anfaCa elak .

EtRTg;eBalBaküNaTukfa elakdUcemþc elak KWkayenaHÉg

kñúgBaküenaH mandUecñHÉg . Kb,IeXIjkarP¢ab;esckIþdUecñHfa km©at;bg;

nUvGPiCÄa nigeTamnsSkñúgelakenaH .

kñúgTIenH kamcänÞ rYmcUlnwgsBÞfa GPiCÄa/ Büa)aT rYmcUlnwg

sBÞfa eTamnsS dUecñaH eTIbKYrRCabfa RTg;GFib,aykarlHnIvrN³

edayRTg;sEmþgCaKU EdlmankmøaMgTak;TgnwgnIvrN³ .

EtedayBiess kñúgTIenH RTg;Rtas;nUvesckIþeRtkGr Edlman

kaysm,tþiCamUl edaykarkm©at;bg;nUvGPiCÄa RTg;Rtas;dl;esckIþ

mineRtkGr EdlmankayvíbtþiCamUl edaykarkm©at;bg;nUveTamnsS

Rtas;nUvteRmkkñúgkay edaykarkm©at;bg;nUvGPiCÄa Rtas;dl;karmin

eRtkGr kñúgkarceRmInkayanubsSna edaykarkm©at;bg;nUveTamnsS

Rtas;karlHbg;kay EdlsmÁal;fa CaPav³s¥at CasuxCaedÍm Edl


minmanBit kñúgkay edaykarkm©at;bg;GPiCÄa nigRtas;dl;karlHbg;

nUvPav³Edlmins¥at CaTukçCaedÍm EdlmanBitenAkñúgkay edaykar

km©at;bg;nUveTamnsS .

edayRBHtRmas;enH RTg;sEmþgdl;GanuPaBénesckIþBüayam nig

CaGñkGackñúgkarRbkbnUvesckIþBüayamrbs;RBHeyaKavcrenaH . Bit

ehIy GanuPaBénesckIþBüayamenaH KWnwgCaGñkrYcputcakesckIþeRtkGr

nigesckIþmineRtkGr nigevorcakRsLHnUvtßúEdlminmantamesckIþBit

naMecjmknUvvtßúEdlmantamesckþIBit .

RBHeyaKavcrenaH CaGñkrYcputcaknUvesckþIrIkray nigminrIkray

CaGñkRKbsgát;nUvesckIþrIkraynigminrIkray minRbmUlmknUvvtßú Edl

minmantamesckIþBit minlHecalnUvvtßú EdlmantamesckIþIBit eTIb

eQμaHfa CaGñkGackñúgkarRbkbesckIþBüayamedayRbkarenaH² .

mü:ageTot RTg;Rtas;km μdæanedayGnubsSna kñúgBaküfa kaey

kayanubsSI BicarNaeXIjkaykñúgkay . Rtas;dl;karrkSakay

rbs;RBHeyaKavcredaykarbMeBjkmμdæan edayvíharFm’EdleBalTuk

ehIy kñúgBaküfa víhrti .

kñúgBaküxagedImfa GatabI manesckIIþBüayam Kb,IRCabfa RTg;

Rtas;dl;smμavayam³ edayGatab³/ esckIþBüayamCaeRKÓgdutkemþA


kiels RTg;Rtas;dl;kmμdæanEdl[seRmcnUvRbeyaCn_TUeTA b¤])ay

CaeRKÓgrkSakm μdæan edaystism,CBaØ³ b¤Rtas;smf³ Edl)anmk

edayGMNacénkayanubsSna Rtas;víbsSnaedaysm,CBaØ³ Rtas;

dl;plénPavna edaykarkm©at;bg;nUvGPiCÄa nigeTamnsS .

)lIviPgÁ cMENkkñúg)alIvíPgÁ )aneBalnUvGtßénbTTaMgLayenaHTukfa bT

fa GnubsSI mann½yfa GnubsSna kñúgBaküenaH etIdUcemþc ? kardåg

edayCMuvíj kardågTUeTA .l. kareXIjRtÚv enHehAfa GnubsSna buKÁl

)anRbkbehIy RbkbRBmehIy cUleTAehIy cUleTARBmehIy cUl

dl;ehIy cUldl;RBmehIy mktamRBmehIy edayGnubsSnaenH

eRBaHehtuenaH buKÁlenaH eTIbeQμaHfa GnubsSI . bTfa víhrti ERbfa

rs;enA RbRBwtþeTA rkSadMeNIreTA [GtþPaBdMeNIreTA Rtac;eTA eRBaH

ehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHfa víhrti .

bTfa GatabI CaGñkmanesckIþBüayam ERbfa Gatab esckIþ

BüayamkñúgBaküenaH dUcemþc karR)arB§esckIþBüayamtampøÚvcitþ .l.

smμavayam³Na enHehAfa Gatab buKÁlRbkbeday Gatab eRBaHehtu

enaH buKÁlenaH eTIbeQμaHfa GatabI . bTfa sm,Caena mann½yfa

sm,CBaØ³ kñúgBaküenaH etIdUcemþc ? kardågRtÚv kardågTUeTA .l.


kareXIjRtÚv enHehAfa sm,CBaØ buKÁlNaRbkbehIy .l. mk

tamRBmehIy edaysm,CBaØ³enH eRBaHehtuenaH buKÁlenaH eQμaHfa

sm,Caena . bTfa stima mann½yfa sti kñúgBaküenaH etIdUcemþc ?

karrlwk karrlwkdl; .l. karrlwkRtÚv enHehAfa sti buKÁlNa

RbkbehIy .l. mktamRBmehIy edaystienH eRBaHehtuenaH buKÁl

enaH ehAfa stima . esckIþfa víenyü elaek GPiCÄaeTamnsSM man

n½yfa elak kñúgBaküenaH etIdUcemþc ? kayenaHÉg ehAfa elak/

])aTankçn§ 5 k¾ehAfa elak enHehAfa elak .

GPiCÄa kñúgBaküenaH etIdUcemþc ?

esckIþeRtkGr eRtkGrxøaMg karsb,aycitþ karrIkray teRmk

esckIþeRtkGredayGMNacénteRmkxøaMg esckIþeRtkRtGaléncitþ enH

ehAfa GPiCÄa . eTamnsS kñúgBaküenaH etIdUcemþc ? karminsb,ay

pøÚvcitþ TukçpøÚvcitþ .l. evTnaminsux CaTukçEdlekItBIsmösSpøÚvcitþ

enHehAfa eTamnsS .

GPiCÄa nigeTamnsSenH EdlRBHeyaKavcrkm©at;ehIy naMecj

ehIy rlt;ehIy [s¶b;ehIy [rMgab;ehIy [dl;nUvkartaMgenA min

)anehIy [dl;nUvkarsabsUnüehIy [dl;nUvkarminmanehIy [

dl;nUvkarvínasehIy hYtEhgehIy [s¶ÜtGs;ehIy eFVI[dl;nUv


TIbMputehIy eRBaHehtuenaHÉg eTIbRTg;Rtas;fa víenyü elaek GPiCÄa

eTamnsSM n½yenHmkkñúgGtßdUecñH kñúg)alIvíPgÁ bNÐitKb,IRCabeday

RbkardUecñHcuH .

1-sti kñúgkayrbs;PikçúenaH edaykarkMNt;kñúgGakary:agenH

Ca stisem


edayehtumanRbmaNRtwmbu:eNÑH RTg;sEmþgdl;víbsSna RBm

edaylkçN³epSg² kñúgCYrxN³citþ 1 faCa sem


kmμdæan ¦ nwgs¶b;enAkñúgeBlkMNt;Ca ¬ RBHkmμdæan ¦/ kaysgçarEdl

ekIteLIgkñúgeBlkMNt; ¬ RBHkmμdæan ¦ nwgs¶b;kñúg]bcarénbzmCÄan

.l. kaysgçarEdlekIteLIgkñúg]bcarénctutßCÄan nwgs¶b;kñúgctutß-

CÄan dUecñHÉg enHCan½ytampøÚvsmf³ .

xül;Gana)vibsSnan½y rIÉkñúgpøÚvvíbsSna kaysgçarEdlminTan;)ankMNt; enAeRKatRKat

kñúgeBleFVIkarkMNt;mhaPUtrUb eTIbl¥it sUm,IkaysgçarkñúgeBlkMNt;

mhaPUtrUbenaH k¾enAeRKatRKat EteBlkMNt;])aTayrUbeTIbl¥it kay

sgçarkñúgeBlkMNt;])aTayrUbenaH enAeRKatRKat EtkñúgeBlkMNt;

sklrUb eTIbl¥it kaysgçarkñúgeBlEdlkMNt;sklrUbenaH enA

eRKatRKat kñúgeBlkMNt;GrUb eTIbl¥it kaysgçarkñúgeBlkMNt;GrUb

enaHenAeRKatRKat EteBlkMNt;TaMgrUbTaMgGrUb eTIbl¥it sUm,Ikay

sgçareBlkMNt;TaMgrUbTaMgGrUbenaH k¾enAeRKatRKat EtkñúgeBlEdl

kMNt;bc©½y ¬ rbs;namrUb ¦ eTIbl¥it kaysgçarkñúgeBlkMNt;bc©½y

enaHenAeRKatRKat EtkñúgeBleXIjnamrUbRBmTaMgbc©½y eTIbl¥it kay

sgçarkñúgeBleXIjnamrUbRBmTaMgbc©½y enAeRKatRKat EteBlEdl

víbsSnaman ¬ samBaØ ¦ lkçN³CaGarmμN_ eTIbl¥it kñúgTuBVlvíbsSna

¬ víbsSnaTn;x©I ¦ enAeRKatRKat kñúgBlvvíbsSna eTIbl¥it .


kñúgvíbsSnaenaH karrm¶ab;kaysgçar RbRBwtþeTACaxagedImdMbUg²

rhUteTAdl;cug tamlMdab; bNÐitKb,IRCabtamn½ydUcEdleBalmk

dUecñHcuH .

¬ cb; Gana)anbBV³ ¦

3 2-\riyabfbBV³

mñalPikçúTaMgLay BaküxagmuxenAmaneTot PikçúkaledÍrkþI k¾dåg

c,as;fa Gat μaGjedÍr kalQrkIþ k¾dågc,as;fa Gat μaGjQr kal

GgÁúykþI k¾dågc,as;fa GatμaGjGgÁúy kaledkkþI k¾dågc,as;fa Gat μa

Gjedk .

mü:ageTot PikçúenaH )antaMgnUvkayedayGakary:agNa² k¾dåg

c,as;nUvkayenaH edayGakary:agenaH² . PikçúBicarNaeXIjnUvkay

kñúgkay xagkñúgy:agenH CaRbRktI RKb;\riyabfTaMg 4 pg BicarNa

eXIjnUvkaykñúgkay xageRkA RKb;\riyabfTaMg 4 pg BicarNaeXIj

nUvkaykñúgkay Caxagkñúg nigxageRkARKb;\riyabfTaMg 4 pg BicarNa

eXIjnUvFm’ EdlRbCuMekIteLIgkñúgkay CaRbRktIRKb;\riyabf TaMg 4

pg BicarNaeXIjnUvFm’EdlsUnüeTAkñúgkayCaRbRktI RKb;\riyabf

TaMg 4 pg BicarNaeXIjFm’EdlekIteLIg nigFm’EdlsUnü eTAkñúg

- 40 - kayanubsSna \riyabfbBV³

kayCaRbRktI RKb;\riyabfTaMg 4 pg .

mYyeTot s μartIrbs;PikçúenaH k¾p©g;eLIgcMeBaHfa kaymanEmn

RKan;EtCaTIkMNt; edÍm,I[ceRmInR)aCJa edÍm,I[ceRmIns μartIb:ueNÑaH .

PikçúmancitþminGaRs½y ¬ edaytNða nigTidæi ¦ RKb;\riyabfTaMg 4

minRbekokRbkan;GVItictYckñúgelakpg . mñalPikçúTaMgLay PikçúBicarNa

eXIjkaykñúgkayCaRbRktI RKb;\riyabfTaMg 4 y:agenHÉg .

Gdækfa RBHmanRBHPaK kalRTg;Eck kayanubsSnatamry³xül; GsSa-

sbsSas³y:agenHehIy \LÚvenH kalRTg;Ecktamry³én\riyabf

eTIbRtas;fa bun bcrM mü:ageTot dUecñHCaedIm .

kñúg\riyabfTaMgenaH Kb,IRCabfa stVtircäan dUcCaEqáRsúk b¤Eqá

cckCaedÍm kaledÍr k¾dågfaxøÜnedÍr BitEmn Etkñúg\riyabfenaH RTg;min

)anRtas;sMedAykkardågkñúgTIenHeT eRBaHkardågdUecñaH minGaclHbg;

nUvesckIþRbkan;fastV)an dkecjnUvkareXIjfaCastVmin)an minEmn

Cakmμdæan b¤stib,dæanPavnaeLIy . cMENkkardågrbs;Pikçú ¬ GñkceRmIn

kayanubsSnastib,dæan ¦ rEmglHbg;nUvkareXIjfaCastV dknUvkar

Rbkan;faCastV)an Cakmμdæan nigCastib,dæanPavna . BaküEdlRTg;

Rtas;sMedAdl;kareXIjc,as;y:agenHfa nrNaedÍr karedÍrrbs;nrNa


edÍr)aneRBaHGVI . sUm,Ikñúg\riyabfdéT mankarQrCaedÍm k¾mann½y

dUecñH .

nwgvínicä½ykñúgbBaðaTaMgLayenaHfa nrNaedÍr mann½yfa minEmn

stV b¤buKÁlNa² edÍreLIy . Baküfa karedÍrrbs;nrNa mann½yfa

minEmnkaredÍrrbs;stV b¤buKÁlNa² eLIy . Baküfa edÍr)an eRBaHGVI

mann½yfa edÍr)aneRBaHkarpSayeTAénvaeyaFatu EdlekItBIkiriyarbs;

citþ . eRBaHdUecñaH PikçúenaH rEmgdågc,as;y:agenHfa KWcitþekIteLIgfa

eyIgnwgedÍr citþenaH k¾eFVI[ekItvaeyaFatu vaeyaFatuk¾eFVI[ekItvíBaØtþi

KWkarkeRmIk karnaMsklkay[QaneTAxagmux edaykarkeRmIkén

vaeyaFatu EdlekItBIkiriyarbs;citþ ehAfa edÍr .

sUm,Ikñúg\riyabfdéT mankarQrCaedIm k¾mann½ydUcKña .

kñúg\riyabfQrCaedÍmenaH citþekIteLIgfa eyIgnwgQr citþenaH

eFVI[ekItvaeyaFatu vaeyaFatueFVI[ekItvíBaØtþi KWkarkeRmIk kareRCag

sklkay [taMgeLIgmktaMgBI)ateCÍgCaTIbMput edaykarkeRmIkén

vaeyaFatuEdlekItBIkiriyarbs;citþ ehAfa Qr .

citþekIteLIgfa eyIgnwgGgÁúy citþenaH k¾eFVI[ekItvaeyaFatu vaeya

FatueFVI[ekItvíBaØtþi KWkarkeRmIk karbt;kay EpñkxageRkaycuH eRCag

kayxagelIeLIg edaykarkeRmIkénvaeyaFatu EdlekItBIkiriyarbs;


citþ ehAfa GgÁúy .

citþekIteLIgfa eyIgnwgedk citþenaH k¾eFVI[ekItvaeyaFatu vaeya

FatueFVI[ekItvíBaØtþi KWkarkeRmIk karsNþÚkkay edayGakaredk eday

karkeRmIkénvaeyaFatuEdlekItBIkiriyarbs;citþ enHehAfa edk .

PikçúenaHdågc,as;y:agenH rEmgmankarKiteXIjy:agenHfa eKeBal

fa stVedÍr stVQr stVGgÁúy stVedk EtedayGtßehIy stVNa²

edÍr Qr minman dUcBaküEdleBalfa reTHeTAmux reTHQb; Eteday

Bit reTHmin)aneTA min)anQb; edayxøÜnÉgeLIy EteBlnaysarfÍ

EdlqøatTwmeKar 4 k,al ehIybreTA reTHeTIbeTA eTIbQb; eRBaHdUecñaH

BaküenaHRKan;EtbBaØtþiEdlsn μtKña y:agNa kay eRbóbdUcreTH eRBaH

Gtßfa mindåg xül;EdlekItBIcitþ eRbóbdUceKa citþeRbób dUcsarfÍ

kalcitþekIteLIgKitfa eyIgnwgedÍr eyIgnwgQr vaeyaFatu EdlekIt

BIkiriyarbs;citþ k¾kMerIkeLIg \riyabf manedÅrCaedÍm rEmgRbRBwtþeTA

eRBaHkarkMerIkénvaeyaFatuEdlekItBIkiriyarbs;citþ bnÞab;BIenaHeTA stV

k¾edÍr stVk¾Qr eyIgk¾edÍr eyIgk¾Qr eRBaHehtuenaH BaküenaH RKan;

EtCakarbBaØtþi sn μtKña dUecñaHdUcKña .

eTIbRBHburaNacarüeBalfa

nava maluteveKn CíyaeveKn etCnM yfa yati tfa keya yati


vataheta GyM ynþM sutþvesenv citþsutþvesniTM byutþM kayynþm,i

yati zati nisITti eka nam Étß esa setþa eya vína ehtub,c©eya

Gtþena GanuPaevn tiedæ va yTi va veC .

ERbfa TUksÞúHeTAedaykmøaMgxül; RKab;RBÜjsÞúHeTAedaykmøaMg

ExSFñÚ y:agNa kayenHRtÚvxül;naMeTA eTIbedÍreTA)an k¾dUecñaH sUm,I

srIrynþ KWkayenHRtÚvbc©½yRbkbehIy edÍr Qr nigGgÁúy)an eday

GMNacExS KWcitþ dUcCaeRKÓgynþvíleTA edayGMNacExSTaj dUecñaH/

kñúgelakenH stVNa² evorehtubc©½yecjehIy Qr)an edÍr)an eday

GanuPaBrbs;xøÜn stVenaH eQμaHGVIeTA .

eRBaHdUecñaH Kb,IRCabfa PikçúenHkMNt;\riyabf manedIrCaedIm

EdlRbRBwtþeTA)an edayGMNacehtu-bc©½y b:ueNÑaHy:agenH eBledÍr

k¾dågfaeyIgedÍr eBlQr k¾dågfaeyIgQr eBlGgÁúy k¾dwgfaeyIg

GgÁúy eBledk k¾dågfaeyIgedk . Baküfa b¤fa kayrbs;elaktaMg

enAedayGakarNa² k¾dågnUvkayenaH edayGakarenaH² enHCakareBal

rYmdl;\riyabfTaMgGs; .

manBaküGFib,ayfa b¤kayrbs;elaktaMgenAedayGakarNa² k¾

dågc,as;nUvkayenaH edayGakarenaH² KWkayenaHtaMgenAedayGakaredÍr

taMgenAedayGakarQr GgÁúy edk k¾dågc,as;fa eyIgQr eyIgGgÁúy


eyIgedk .

\riyabfxagkñúg-xageRkA Baküfa xagkñúg mann½yfa BicarNaeXIjkaykñúgkay eday

karkMNt;\riyabf 4 rbs;xøÜny:agenH . Baküfa b¤xageRkA KWeday

karkMNt;\riyabf 4 rbs;GñkdéT . bTfa TaMgxagkñúg TaMgxageRkA

mann½yfa BicarNaeXIjkaykñúgkay edaykarkMNt;\riyabf 4 rbs;

xøÜntamkal rbs;GñkdéTtamkal . kñúg)alICaedÍmfa BicarNaeXIj

Fm’ KWkarekIteLIg KWRtÚvnaMkarekIt nigkarrlt;énrUbkçn§eLIg sEmþgkñúg

GakarTaMg 5 tamn½y )alICaedÍmfa rUbekIt eRBaHGvíC¢aekIt dUecñH .

RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;sMedAyk karekIt nigkarrlt;enaHÉg eTIb

Rtas;fa KWkarekItdUecñHCaedÍm . )alICaedÍmfa stirbs;elak k¾R)akd

c,as;fa kaymanEmn dUecñH k¾manesckIþdUcKña tamEdleBalehIy .

¬ cb; \riyabfbBV³ ¦

3

- 45 - kayanubsSna sm,CBaØbBV³

3-sm,CBaØbBV³ mñalPikçúTaMgLay BaküxagmuxenAmaneTot PikçúeFVInUvsm,CBaØ³ KW

esckIþdågxøÜnkñúgkaredIreTAmux b¤fyeRkay eFVInUvesckIþdågxøÜnkñúgkar

emIleTAmux b¤RbeLkemIleTATisepSg² eFVInUvesckIþdågxøÜn kñúgkarbt;

édeCÍg b¤laédeCÍg eFVInUvesckIþdågxøÜn kñúgkarRTRTg;nUvsgÇadÍ )aRt

nigcIvr eFVInUvesckIþdågxøÜn kñúgkarbriePaKePaCn påkTwk TMBasIuxaTnIy³

CBa¢b; ¬ nUvePsC¢³mansb,iCaedÍm ¦ eFVInUvesckIþdågxøÜn kñúgkalbenÞa

bg;]c©ar³bsSav³ eFVInUvesckIþdågxøÜn kñúgkalEdledÍr Qr GgÁúy edk

lk; PJak;eLIg niyay es¶óm . PikçúBicarNaeXIjnUvkaykñúgkayxag

kñúgCaRbRktI RKb;\riyabfTaMg 4 pg BicarNaeXIjnUvkaykñúgkay

xageRkA CaRbRktIRKb;\riyabfTaMg 4 pg BicarNaeXIjnUvkaykñúg

kayxagkñúg nigxageRkA CaRbRktI RKb;\riyabfTaMg 4 pg BicarNa

eXIjFm’EdlRbCuMekIteLIgkñúgkay CaRbRktI RKb;\riyabfTaMg 4 pg

BicarNaeXIjnUvFm’EdlsUnüeTAkñúgkay CaRbRktI RKb;\riyabfTaMg

4 pg . mYyeTot sμartIrbs;PikçúenaH k¾p©g;eLIgcMeBaHfa kayenHman

Emn RKan;EtCaTIkMNt; edÍm,I[ceRmInbBaØa edÍm,I[ceRmInsμartIb:ueNÑaH .

PikçúmancitþminGaRs½yeday ¬ tNða nigTidæí ¦ RKb;\riyabfTaMg 4 pg

minRbekokRbkan;GVItictYckñúgelakpg .


mñalPikçúTaMgLay PikçúBicarNaeXIjnUvkaykñúgkay CaRbRktIRKb;

\riyabfTaMg 4 y:agenH Ég .

Gdækfa RBHmaneCaK kalRTg;EckkaynubsSna eday\riyabf 4 y:ag

enHehIy \LÚvenH edÍm,IRTg;Eckedaysm,CBaØ³ 4 eTIbRtas;fa esckIþ

déTenAmaneTot .

kñúgsm,CBaØbBV³enaH Baküfa QaneTAmux CaedÍm )anBN’naTuk

ehIykñúg samBaØplsURt manesckIþfa

GFib,aykñúgRBH)alIfa GPikáenþ bdíkáenþ Camunsin kareTA ehA

fa GPikánþ karedÍreTAmux . karRtLb; ehAfa bdíkánþ karfyeRkay .

TaMg 2 y:agenH rEmgmankñúg\riyabfTaMg 4 .

kñúgkaredIreTAmux kalnaMkayeq


bTfa sm,CankarI ehati mann½yfa eFVIkic©TaMgBYgedaysm,CBaØ³

b¤mansm,CBaØ³enaHÉg . KWfa PikçúenaH rEmgmansm,CBaØ³ kñúgkarQan

eTACaedÍm min)anR)ascaksm,CBaØ³kñúgkalNamYyeLIy .

sm,CBaØ³kñúgRBH)alI man 4 y:ag KW

1- satßksm,CBaØ³ 2- sb,aysm,CBaØ³

3- eKacrsm,CBaØ³ 4- Gsemμahsm,CBaØ³

satßksm,CBaØ³ kalcitþKitnwgeTAekIteLIg EtminTan;)aneTA RKan;EtKitmun Bica-

rNadl;RbeyaCn_ nigminEmnRbeyaCn_fa kareTAenaH manRbeyaCn_dl;

eyIg b¤minman/ ehIyR)afñanUvRbeyaCn_ eQμaHfa satßksm,CBaØ³ .

Baküfa RbeyaCn_ kñúgbTfa satßksm,CBaØ³enaH KWkarceRmIn

edayFm’ kal)aneXIjnUvRBHectiy )aneXIjRBHRsImhaeBaF× eXIj

RBHsgÇ eXIjRBHefr³ nigeXIjGsuPCaedIm . KWfa PikçúenaH júaMgbIti

EdlmanRBHBuT§CaGarm μN_[ekIteLIg sUm,IkareXIjRBHectiy b¤kar

eXIjRBHRsImhaeBaF× júaMgbItiEdlmanRBHsgÇCaGarm μN_ [ekIt

eLIg eRBaHeXIjRBHsgÇ BicarNabItienaHÉgCarbs;Gs;eTA sUnüeTA

rEmgseRmcRBHGrhtþ eXIjRBHefr³TaMgLay taMgenAkñúg»vaTrbs;


RBHefr³TaMgLayenaH/ eXIjGsuP k¾júaMgQan[ekIteLIgkñúgGsuP

enaH BicarNaGsuPenaH Carbs;Gs;eTAsUnüeTA rEmgseRmcRBHGrhtþ

eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbRTg;ehAfa kareXIjvtßúenaH manRbeyaCn_ .

GacarüBYkxøHeBalfa karceRmInedayGamis³ k¾manRbeyaCn_

dUcKña eRBaHGaRs½yGamis³enaH bdíbtþiedÍm,IGnueRKaHdl;RBhμcriyFm’ .

sb,aysm,CBaØ³

cMENkkareTAenaH kalBicarNadl;sb,ay nigGsb,ay ehIy

Kitdl;nUvsb,ay eQ μaHfa sb,aysm,CBaØ³ esckIþenH y:agNa

ebImnusSTaMgLayRbCMuKña 10 eyaCn_ 12 eyaCn_ edÍm,IbUCaRBHectiy

TaMgRsI TaMgRbúsRbdab;tak;Etgkay smKYrdl;sm,tþirbs;xøÜn dUcCa

rUbKMnUr naMKñaedÍreTAkan;TIenaH elaP³rEmgekIteLIgdl;PikçúenaH eRBaH

GarmμN_EdlKYrR)afña bdíX³rEmgekIteLIg eRBaHGarmμN_minCaTIR)afña

emah³rEmgekIteLIg eRBaHminBicarNa rEmgRtÚvGabtþieRBaHkaysMsKÁ³

k¾man rEmgCaGnþraydl;CÍvít nigRBh μcarük¾man . tamehtupldUc

eBalmkenH TIenaHCaGsb,ay ebIminmanGnþraydUcEdleBalehIy

enaHCasb,ay . kñúgkareXIjRBHRsImhaeBaF× k¾dUcKña . sUm,Ikar

eXIjRBHsgÇ k¾manRbeyaCn_ ebImnusSTaMgLaysagmNÐbFM enA

kñúgRsúk BBYkCnnaMKñasþab;RBHFm’TaMgyb; EtgmanTaMgRbCMuCn TaMg


Gnþray dUcEdl)aneBalehIy . tamehtuplmkenH enaHCaGsb,ay

ebIminmanGnþray enaHCasb,ay .

sUm,IkñúgkareXIjRBHefr³ EdlmanbrivareRcIn k¾manRbeyaCn_

kareXIjGsuPk¾manRbeyaCn_ b:uEnþGsuPRsICaGsb,aydl;burs GsuP

RbúsCaGsb,aydl;®sþI GsuPEdlCasPaK³Kñab:ueNÑaH Casb,ay .

karBicarNanUvsb,ay y:agenHÉg )aneQμaHfa sb,aysm,CBaØ³ .

eKacrsm,CBaØ³ kareRCÍserIsGarmμN_ eBalKWkmμdæan EdlxøÜneBjcitþ kñúgbNþa

km μdæan 38 ehIyk¾kMNt;Garm μN_enaHb:ueNÑaH eTAkñúgTIPikçacarénPikçú

EdlBicarNadl;RbeyaCn_ nigsb,ay y:agenH eQ μaHfa eKacr-

sm,CBaØ³ .

edÍm,ICakarR)akdc,as;kñúgeKacrsm,CBaØ³ bNÐit Kb,IRCabkñúg

ctuká³enH dUcteTA

PikçúrUbxøHkñúgsasnaenH naMeTAEtminnaMmk rUbxøHminnaMeTAEtnaMmk

rUbxøHminnaMeTA TaMgminnaMmk rUbxøHnaMeTApg naMmkpg .

kñúgbNþaPikçú 4 cMBUkenaH PikçúNaCRmHcitþcakFm’ EdlCaeRKÓg

raraMg edaykarc®gám nigedaykarGgÁúykñúgeBléf¶ kñúgbzmyam kñúg

eBlCítkNþalyb; k¾bdíbtþiy:agenaH swgkñúgmCÄimyam PJak;kñúg


bcäimyamjúaMgkal [knøgeTA edaykarGgÁúy nigkarc®gám eFVIvtþenA

lanRBHectiy niglanRBHRsImhaeBaF× eRsacTwkenAKl;RBHRsImha

eBaF× tmál;Twkqan; TwkeRbIR)as; nigRbRBwtþsmaTanxn§kvtþRKb;y:ag

manGacriyvtþ nig]bCÄay_vtþCaedÍm PikçúenaHeFVIsrIr³brikmμehIy cUl

eTAkan;esnasn³ [ragkay)anTTYlPaBkk;ekþA ehIyRbkberOy²

nUvkmμdæan kaldl;eBlPikçacar RKgcIvr nigyk)aRt kMNt;kmμdæanCa

eKal ehIyecjcakGasn³ Rbkbcitþkñúgkmμdæany:agenaH cUleTAkan;

lanRBHectiy RbsinebIceRmInBuT§anusStikm μdæan Kb,IceRmInnUvBuT§a-

nusStikm μdæanenaH eTAerOy² minlHkm μdæanenaH cUleTAkan;lanRBH

ectiy RbsinebIceRmInkm μdæandéT p¥akkm μdæanenaHcuH/ dUckardak;cuHnUv

rbs;Edlkan;TukRtg;eCÍgCeNþIr/ kan;ykbIti manRBHBuT§CaGarm μN_

cUleTAkan;lanRBHectiy RbsinebIectiyFM eFVIRbTkSiN 3 CMu ehIy

fVaybgÁMkñúgTisTaMg 4 RbsinebIectiytUc Kb,IeFVIRbTkSiN y:agenaH

ehIyfVaybgÁMkñúgTisTaMg 8 kalfVaybgÁMRBHectiyehIy cUleTAkan;

lanRBHRsImhaeBaF× sEmþgnUvesckIþeKarB fVaybgÁMRBHRsImhaeBaF×

dUcenAcMeBaHRBHP®kþrbs;RBHmanRBHPaK dUecñaH . PikçúenaHfVaybgÁMlan

RBHectiy nigRBHRsImhaeBaF× y:agenHehIy kan;ykkm μdæan EdlxøÜn

)andak;cuHenaH dUcbuKÁlEdl)anerIsykvtßúEdl)andak;cuH kan;yk


eLIgvíjdUecñaH kalcUleTAkan;Rsúk XøúMcIvr kMNt;kmμdæanenaHCaeKal

cUleTAkan;RsúkedÍm,IbiNÐ)at .

RKaenaHBYkmnusSTaMgLay eXIjPikçúenaH k¾ecjmkTTYleday

esckIþrIkrayfa elakm©as;rbs;BYkeyIgmkdl;ehIy TTYl)aRt nimnþ

[Kg;kñúgeragqan; fVayyaKU kalPtþminTan;seRmc k¾naMKñasYrbBaðaxøH

sþab;Fm’xøH .

RBHGdækfacarüeBalfa sUm,IeKminsUm[sEmþgFm’ k¾Kb,IsEmþg

Fm’ edÍm,IGnueRKaHRbCaCn . PikçúnigsameNrTaMgLaysYrfa elak

d¾ceRmIn mnusSTaMgenaHRtÚvGVInwgelak PikçúGgÁenaHeBalfa elaksYr

eRBaHeXIjGVI PikçúnigsameNrTaMgenaHeBalfa eXIjBYkeKRsLaj;

elakxøaMgNas; . PikçúenaHk¾sresIr GñkRsúkenaHfa Gñkd¾manGayu

TaMgLay kic©Na EdlmatabitaeFVI)an edaylM)akkic©enaHBYkeKeFVIdl;

eyIg sUm,IcIvrrbs;BYkeyIg k¾Carbs;eK eBlmanP½yk¾[eyIgputP½y

eBlXøank¾[Eq¥t GñkEdlCa]bkardl;eyIgdUecñH minmaneToteLIy .

enHehAfa naMeTA minnaMmk .

cMENkPikçúeFVIvtþbdíbtþi dUcEdl)aneBalehIy ePøIgFatuEdl

rMlayGaharf μ ÍGs;ehIy k¾dutsac;RkBH ejIsk¾hUreCakxøÜn km μdæan

mineLIgkan;vífÍ PikçúenaHRKgcIvr kan;)aRt fVaybgÁMRBHectiy y:agrh½s


cUl

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