Your Name:
Chickens
Grand Firs
Pine Cones
Monkey Bars
Cotton Candy
Spiral Stairs
Swinging
Strawberries
Blueberries
Asphalt
Ice
Bubbles
Flowers
Eggs
Peas
Worms
Lettuce
Light
Vinegar & Baking Soda
Light Bending Prism
Bubble Snakes
Potato Stabbing
Cotton Candy
Geode Breaking
Worm Watching
Pine Cone Smashing
SCIENCEis the study of the physical
universe and natural world using
systematic observation and experiment
There are many types of
science and scientists,
but they all love
to Learn
to Question
and to Understand
Male pine cones
are small and soft
[and the cause of a
lot of sweeping]
The biggest pine cones can be
up to 2 feet long and weigh
10 pounds
What we normally think of as
pine cones are the female ones
Abies grandis are native to the Pacific Northwest
They can live for nearly
500 years and
grow up to 250 feet tall
Sap from the bark can be used to
wash out infected eyes, gargled for a
sore throat and even chewed as gum
Asphalt is cruddy leftovers
from turning oil into gasoline
Delivery trucks do this
by routing their engine
exhaust pipes back into
their dumpers
It has to be kept over
300°F so it doesn't harden
ChickensThere are more chickens on Earth than
people, over 3 billion in China alone
Chickens can have babies with Turkeys, they’re called Turkins
Chickens are the closest
living relative of the Tyrannosaurus Rex
Once a chicken named Mike lived
months without his head18
EggsOlder eggs float, fresher eggs sink, because an
air pocket develops inside the egg over time [also why older eggs are better to boil, the air pocket makes them easier to peel]
When growing inside
the hen, an egg is turned
50 times a dayso the yolk doesn’t stick
to one side
are described by “turn” – quarter-turn,
half-turn or full-turn – depending on
which way you face getting on and off
Spiral Stairs
In medieval
times spirals
wound clockwise
to make it
harder for
knights
attacking from
below to fight
with their right hands
The
spiral
stair’s
center
pole is
called a
N
E
W
EL
SwingingAt the top of your swing you have
potential energy, when you're moving
down it changes to kinetic energy,
then back to potential on the upswing
To swing higher, you need to add energy
Past the bar, the tension would pull you down, not
up – which is why you can't pump to over the bar
By pumping, you pull on the
chains to shift your weight beyond your arc
The chains resist, pulling you higher
Lightis made of Photons, which neurons in your
eyes, called Rods and Cones, convert to signals
A Magnifying Glass works by
bending light – refraction –
making your brain (which is used
to interpreting unbent light)
perceive an object as further and
bigger than it actually is
With no weight or charge, photons travel faster than anything in
the universe, nearly ~300 million meters each second…
One Hundred Million times faster than you can run
Peasare possibly the most important plants in history
One of the first plants to be grown
by people for food, way back in the
Bronze Age,
In the 1850s, Gregor Mendel used
them to understand how observable
traits – phenotypes – were passed
down from parents to children,
forming the foundation of Genetics
8000 years ago
It was first cultivated by ancient Egyptians, nearly
years ago
is part of the sunflower family, Asteraceae.
5000Lettuce produces
latex, in fact
the word “lettuce” traces back to the
Latin lactuca, with ‘lac’ meaning
milk to describe the white latex
that exudes from the stem
Lettuce
Strawberriesare the only fruit with seeds on the outside, on average
about They are the most popular fruit
The strawberry is also often
considered a symbol of love
Eaten by 94% of Americans
With over half of kids listing
them as their favorite fruit
200seeds
Blueberriesare one of the only foods that are naturally blue
What makes them blue are
Anthocyanins,
which is also what makes
them good for your eyes
and body
They are one of only
3 berries native to America
Cotton CandyIn 1897, the first cotton candy machine was
invented by a dentist, William Morrison during the industrial revolution
Cotton candy is
the result of sugar
subjected to Heatand Centrifugal
ForceCotton candy is fluffy because
the sugar molecules cool so quickly that they don’t have
time to re-crystallize
Icecovers up 12% of
the Earth’s surface
and contains
When compressed, water
molecules organize into a
hexagonal lattice, or
Tetrahedron
this spreads them out, making
ice less dense than water,
which is why it floats
80% of Earth’s freshwater
Flowersare the reproductive
part of angiosperms,
the most diverse plants
with an estimated
400,000 different species,more than 30x as many species as any other types of plants
Flowers represent
the many strategies
plants have evolved
to attract pollinators,
which can be insects,
birds, bats, or even
mammals
BubblesSoap bubbles are a very thin layer
of water sandwiched between two layers of soap
Interference between light waves reflected from
the inner and outer surfaces create a bubble’s many colors
Soap bubbles naturally minimize surface
area…human math has a much harder
time solving this problem, as even how
two bubbles do this, the “double bubble
conjecture”, wasn’t proved until recently
On their own, bubbles usually pop from the top
because gravity pulls down on the water,
making the top thinner and thinner
Monkey + BarsMonkeys and apes are our closest relatives,
Bonobos and Chimpanzees have
the same DNA as humans
The smallest monkey,
a pygmy marmoset,
is less than
inches long
and weighs about the
same as a cell phone
99%
5
While the largest ape, the gorilla, can weigh over
(likely more than your whole family combined) pounds600
Many monkeys arms are longer than their legs, making them good at swinging on monkey bars (and branches)
Vinegar & Baking Soda
Materials
Erlenmeyer Flask with
40ml of Vinegar – a liquid
also known as Acetic Acid, CH3COOH
Test tube containing Baking
Soda – a powdered solid also
called Sodium Carbonate, NaHCO3
A Balloon from your kit bag
Steps
1. Put the balloon on the test
tube and carefully dump the
powder into the balloon
2. Take off the test tube (you
can take it home in your kit)
3. Put the balloon on the
Erlenmeyer flask
4. Lift up the balloon to let the
powder fall into the liquid
Here you’ll use a solid and a liquid to make a gas!
Vinegar + Baking SodaWhat happens?
NaHCO3 + CH3COOH → NaC2H3O2 + H2O + CO2
(Baking Soda + Vinegar → Sodium Acetate + Water + Carbon Dioxide)
• How do you know when the reaction is complete?
• When you tie off your balloon do you notice anything
unusual about it?
• Can you design an experiment to test if it’s heavier than
normal? (hint: you have more balloons in your bag)
You can keep your flask and repeat this reaction at home!
The flask is glass, so be careful not to break it
8 steps to Cotton CandySteps
1. Turn the machine off using the switch on the bottom
2. Pour exactly one scoop (no more!) into the center hole
3. Turn the machine back on
4. When sugar strands begin to appear, catch them with a
paper cone
5. Be careful not touch the center with your hands (it’s hot!)
or with the cone (your cotton candy will melt)
6. When you stop seeing new strands appear you’re done
7. Enjoy your cotton candy
8. Wash all the sticky off your hands and face
Breaking a GeodeSteps
1. Take your safety glasses from your bag and put
them on
2. Put a geode in a sock
3. Tap the geode with a hammer (not too hard)
4. Turn it as you do this, hitting all the sides in the
middle – this will help it crack along a line
5. Be patient and careful, and you will be rewarded!
6. Be sure to take your geode home in your science kit
How many kinds of
worms are there at
this station?
What are differences
between them?
What do they look like under
a magnifying glass?
What’s the difference in
their habitats?
Aristotle called worms “the intestines of the earth” and
Charles Darwin wrote a whole book about them, calling
them the most important creatures in the world
WormsWorms
cannot
hear or see
Worms don't have lungs, but they have 5 hearts
They get oxygen through
their skin, which is why they need to stay moist
There are no boy or girl worms, they are hermaphrodites
Potato StabbingTry stabbing a potato with a straw
Did it work?
Now, hold your finger over one end
of the straw and stab it again
Can you stab the potato?
What’s the difference?
Why does trapping air in the
straw make stab better?
A prism separates the
light by bending different
wavelengths at different angles…
PrismsSunlight contains all the colors of the rainbow…(infrared and UV light too)
…but we can’t seem
them when they’re
all mixed together
Can you make a rainbow
using the prism?
What happens when you
look through the prism?
so we can see all the colors!
Bubble SnakesSteps
1. Take the socked bottle out of your bag
2. Dip the sock end in the bubble solution
3. Blow through the bottle opening
Be careful not to
breathe in when the
bottle is in your mouth!
You can take your snake-maker
home (if it isn’t too messy)