2012 P\hcn 29 Rmb¿ abcde #¥clKpG I ¥h¶l†-Soho C - e - I v - t{Sm - Wn - I v a - \p - jy≥ -d-Io-¥Ñl-Wr-I·o ep-e-hl-b-cG-K-Œo ¥dl-I-a-tr-bu-~ ¥]-co. EŘI«-¥Ñl‚ \-œpl†' A-~o hu-“-Œu-|y er-jr- |u-~ $-d-Io-¥Ñl-Wr-I·r-Ř„t a†-a-a-tr-bu- ~ fl-ð-É„. $-Łp-Řb $-d-Io-¥Ñl-Wr- I·o bu-K-Œr-¥d-|o ŘŘI-]r-Sr-Nĩu-I-b-šr-b "-Xr-Il-b„-¿ Iu-~-Œo ]u-Xr-b-es-ˆr« ]-¤-\l-`„ -\-œpl† A-~ ŘI.-]r.-]r. \- œpl†-|o er-¥f-g-W-Ÿy ]-d-Xu-au-›o.- ¥I-c-j-Œr« $-d-Io-¥Ñl-Wr-I·o ep-e-hl-b er-]½-eG ŘIl-›u-e-~ $m I-dpl-¥Ń-cr- |l-c-Ř„t Nu-tu-Nu-tu-|uG \r-§-b-Zl†- Vp-euG K-¥e-g-W-ò-go-W-buG ¥Z-fs-b- ¥_l-[-euG ]u-Xu-X-d-au-t-Ào A-~uG ‹- ¥Nl-Z-\-al-Wo.- \-œpl† ¥I-c-j-Œr« zl-]r-Nĩ ŘI«-¥Ñl-Wr-Ř„t Ř]-cu-a $-~o _-ir- cl-Il-f K-¥e-g-W-cG-K-Œu-e-Řc A-Œr- br-cr-|u-~u. $-Łp-bu-ŘS ]-d el†-Œl-er- \r-a-b <-]-Ü-i-]-Š-Xr-I-jr-duG EN-æ-bl- \r'duG ŘI«-¥Ñl-Wr-Ř„t ŘŘI-I-ju-›o.- \l-do ]-Xr-šl-›o $-d-Io-¥Ñl-Wr-I·o ep-e-hl- b e-j†-Nĩ-Àl-br "-ks-WG ‹-e†-Œr-Nĩ "-¥©-i-Œr-Ř„t Nr-Ł-buG Ps-er-X-euG $- d-Io-¥Ñl-Wr-I·o K-¥e-g-W-Œr-\u-¥e-›r h-a†-]¶r-|-Ř]¶-ˆ-Xl-br-cu-~u. A-~uG "-Sr- au-Sr E$-d-Io-¥Ñl-Wr-Io a-\u-gp„'.- D- œ- Xu- e†- gG au- œo ]- kl- Ll- X- au- ›l- br $- S- Xu- e- fG X- j†- Ř~- £r- duG al- \- hr- I- al- br X- j†- ~r- d½ . P- Ó- \l- Sl- b I- üq- cr« Xl- ]- ŘŘe- Zpu- Xr \r- d- bG ŘIl- ›u- e- cl- \u- ¨ ‹- b- Xo - \- eu- al- br au- ¥~l- ˆu- ¥]l- br. ]- ¥k, cl- ±s- b \q- dl- al- d- I- jr« Iu- Su- Ÿr # ]- Š- Xr $- d½ l- Xl- br. _lG- K½ q- cr« cl- Po - a- i« er- dl- hr- Řd EI- dpl- ¥Ń- cr es- ˆr«' er- â- a- Œr- dl- Wo \- œpl† $- ¥]¶ ly. - EEA„-Pr-\s-b-tr-Mo I-»r-ƒo Iu-ˆr-I-Řj- d½lG "-¥a-cr-|-br-¥d-|uG a-šo er-¥Z-f-cl- Pp-Ÿ-jr-¥d-|uG ¥]l-eu-I-bl-Wo. \-˜u-ŘS A„-Pr-\s-b†-al-Řc cl-Pp-]u-¥cl-K-Xr-|l- br <-]-¥bl-K-Ř]¶-Su-Œ-WG. "-e†-|o $- er-ŘS-Œ-Ř~ ¥Pl-dr \«-Il-\u-¨ hG-cG- `-Ÿy h†-|l† Xu-S-Ÿ-WG''¿- ]-»-b -Il- cp-Ÿy Dl†-ŘŒ-Su-|u-~-Xr-\r-S-br« \- œpl† ]-t-ƒu.- #-to ]-Xr-šl-›o au-œo d- ›-\r-Řd ‹-f-h´-al-b $-œs-cr-b« ¥Il- ¥j-Po Dl-^o h-b„-ho #„-Uo ŘS-Io-¥\l-j- Pr-br«-\r-~o $-d-Io-¥Ñl-Wr-I·o #„-Uo I- apq-Wr-¥|-g-\r« _r-cu-Zl-\-Ł-c-_r-cu-ZG ¥\-Sr-b \-œpl† e-dr-b ¥Pl-dr-hl-[p-X- Iy $-Řˆ-tr-ƒl-Wo "-~o $-Łp-br-¥d- |o a-S-Ÿr-b-Xo. U«-ir-br-Řd-Œr "-er- ŘS ŘA.-ŘA.-Sr.-br« "-[pl-]-I-\l-br ¥N-cu-¥œly f-œ-jG 750 cq-]! Iu-cu-au-j-Ir-„t Il-fu-al-br $G-K½-›r-¥d-|o I-dpl-¥Ń-cr-br« _-‡u-el-br-cu-~ ŘI.-]r.-#†. ¥Kl-]l-d-Ř„t hvl-X-Ôp-h- a-c ‹-e†-Œ-\-Ÿ-jr« #-¥e-fG-ŘIl- ›l-Wo ŘI.-]r.-]r. \-œpl† e-j†-~-Xo.- I- dpl-¥Ń-cr ¥_l†-Uo h¦q-jr-duG X-jr-]¶-t-œo ŘŘi-h¦q-jr-du-al-br er-Zpl-`pl-hG. X-d-¥Ń- cr {-ü„-¥Il-¥j-Pr«-\r-~o $„t†-as- Ur-b-šo I-»r-ƒo a-Îl-ho ]-Nĩ-…-]¶l-ho ¥Il- ¥j-Pr« \r-~o ^r-hr-I·r« _r-cu-ZG. auG- ŘŘ_ Řh„to ¥h-¥ep-»o-ho ¥Il-¥j-Pr« \r-~o ¥t-Ur-¥bl I-˜pq-Wr-¥|-g„-hr« _r-cu-Zl-\-Ł-c _r-cu-ZG.- er-¥Z-f-Œo ]Tr- |l-\u-¨ ¥al-iG I-d-f-dl-b-¥]¶ly "- •„ Nr-›„-\-œpl† Iu-cu-au-j-Io er-šo \-do- Ir-b B-»l-br-cG cq-]-bu-al-br \-œpl† $G- K½-›r-¥d-|o I-]¶«-I-b-tr.- "-~o d-›- \r« ŘŘi-|-˜s-g-W-tl-br-cu-~ er.-ŘI. Ç-go-W-¥a-¥\l-\l-br-cu-~u \-œpl-cu-ŘS e- »r-Il-ˆr.- c-Œ„ Sl-š-buG \«-¥Il ¥t-Ur-¥bl-buG auG-ŘŘ_ Sl-š I-œ-\r-br« ¥N†-~- ¥]¶ly $-d-Io-¥Ñl-Wr-I·o K-¥e-g-W er-I- h-\ ¥I-æG <-›l-|l-\l-br-cu-~u \-œpl- cu-ŘS \r-¥bl-KG.- Sl-š "-|l-d-Œo EŘ\«- ¥Il' ¥t-Ur-¥bl <-›l-|r-br-cu-~-Xo $.- ŘI. ¥Ily A-~ {r-ˆs-go I-œ-\r-bu-ŘS hl-¥£-Xr-I er-Zp <-]-¥bl-Kr-Nĩl-br-cu-~u.- P-\-t« al-¥\-P-cl-br zl-\-¥a-š \-œpl† `l-c-Xo $-d-Io-¥Ñl-Wr-I·u-al-br ¥N†-~o Ñl„-hr-î† hl-¥£-Xr-I er-Zp er-I-hr-]¶r- Nĩu. A-Su-Œl« Ř]l-Ÿl-Œ e-dr-b ely-eo ¥t-Ur-¥bl "-¥Xl-ŘS N-cr-ó-al- br. $-Łp-br« Dl-¥cl es-ˆr-duG Dl-¥cl ¥t- Ur-¥bl A-~ d-kp-¥Œl-ŘS EŘ\«- ¥Il' aq-~o _l„-Uo ¥t-Ur-¥bl-Iy epl- ]-I-al-br er-]-Wr-br-dr-t-|r.- $m-br-S-br- dl-Wo, au-]¶-Œr-c-›u-Il-c-\l-b c-Œ„-Sl- š Ř\«-¥Il-br« e-cu-~-Xo. #†-|r-ŘS- Io-šl-b c-Œ„, \-œpl†-Ř|l-]¶G ¥N†-~o Ř\«-¥Il ¥t-Ur-¥bl-bu-ŘS ]u-Xr-b ¥al- U-du-I-ju-›l-|r. aq-~u-e†-gG D-~r-Nĩo ‹- e†-Œr-Nĩu. # hm-“-ZG $-¥]¶l-»u-au-›o.- a-Řš-d½l -¥a-J-d-Řb-buG ¥]l-Řd $-d- Io-¥Ñl-Wr-I·o cG-K-ŒuG $-Łp-br« K-¥e- g-W er-I-h-\ hm-I-cp-ar-d½l-Œ-Xo \- œpl-Řc $-cu-Œr- Nr-Łr-]¶r-Nĩr-cu-~u. epl-e- hl-br-I ]r-¥~l-|l-e-z-Ào Il-c-W-euG $-Xu-X-Ř~-bl-br-cu-~u. $m Il-cp-Ÿ-Řj- d½lG a-\-h·r-dl-|r $-d-Io-¥Ñl-Wr-I·o K-¥e- g-W-Œr-\u-¥e-›r-bl-br-cu-~u \-œpl-cu- ŘS ]r-~s-Su-¨ ‹-e†-Œ-\G.- I«-¥Ñl‚ f-œ-jG ¥]l-î« Dl†-U-tr«-\r-~o au„ a-Ôr AG.-A„. ¥Kl-er-x„-\l- b† D-cu Zr-e-hG auG-ŘŘ_-br-Řd ^½l-šr-Řd- Œr \-œpl-Řc I-›u. ¥I-c-j-Œr« $-d-Io- ¥Ñl-Wr-I·o ep-e-hl-bG Xu-S-Ÿu-~-Xr-Ř\- |u-tr-Nĩl-br-cu-~u N†-Nĩ.- au-Jp-a-Ôr hr.- "-Npu-X-¥a-¥\l-Ř„t k-WG hvs-I-cr-Nĩo \-œpl-cuG ¥I-æ $-d-Io-¥Ñl-Wr-I·o I-˜s- g„ ŘN-b†-al„ AG.-Pr.-ŘI.-¥a-¥\l-\uG 1971 D-¥Ål-_-tr« ¥I-c-jG h-x†-fr-Nĩu. $-e-cu-ŘS tr-¥]¶l†-ˆr-Ř„t "-Sr-zl-\- Œr« 1972¿« $-d-Io-¥Ñl-Wr-I·o U-e-d-]¶o- Řa„to ¥Il†-]¶-¥t-g„ \r-d-er« e-~u. $-Xr-Ř„t X-d-]¶-¥Œ-|o au-Jp-a-Ôr-buG ep-e-hl-b-a-Ôr Sr.-er. ¥Xl-a-huG I-›-Xo \-œpl-Řc-Œ-Ř~-bl-br-cu-~u.- 1973 Pq‚ D-~r-\o ¥I-c-j ¥î-šo $-d-Io-¥Ñl-Wr-I·o U- e-d-]¶o-Řa„to ¥Il†-]¶-¥t-g-Ř„t #-Zp ŘN-b†-al-\uG al-¥\-Pr-Mo U-b-t-Å-tu-al-br ŘI.-]r.-]r.-\-œpl† Nu-a-X-d-¥b-šu.- Xr-cu-e-\-Ł-]u-c-Œo ¥]-cq†-|-S-br« el-S-I-es-ˆr-dl-br-cu-~u ¥Il†-]¶-¥t-g-Ř„t ‹-e†-Œ-\G. $-cu-]-¥Xl-jG Ps-e-\-|l-cuG <-›l-br-cu-~u. ‹-e†-Œ-\G Xu-S-Ÿr D-cu al-h-al-Il-tl-Řb-£r-duG Ps-e-\-|l†-|o f- œ-jG \«-Il-\u-¨ ^-›u-¥]l-duG h†- |l† \«-Ir-br-d½.- ¥Il†-]¶-¥t-g-\r« hl-¥£-Xr-I Ps-e-\-|l-Řc \r-b-ar-|l„ ]-ó-Ÿ-jr-dq-ŘS "-¥]-k k-Wr-Nĩr-cu- ~u. $-Xr-Ř\l-]¶G ¥]l-î« Dl†-U† e-»r $-cu-]-Xr-\l-br-cG cq-] Ir-ˆr. $-Xr«-\r-~o Ps-e-\-|l†-|o #-Zp-f-œ-jG \«-Ir.- I«-¥Ñl‚ Sr.-er.-bu-S ]r-t-er 1973 #- K- h´ o 30\o ¥Il†- ]¶ - ¥t- g- Ř„t Dm- ¥Zpl- Kr- I <- Zo - Ll- S- \G au- Jp- a- Ôr "- Npu- X- ¥a- ¥\l- Ř„t hl- ~r- [p- Œr« Xr- cu- e- \- Ł- ]u- cG er. - ŘP. - Sr. il- jr« \- S- ~u. e†- gG "- …l- br- cG A- ~ ¥Xl- Xr« "- °u- e†- g- ¥Œ- |o ŘS- dr- er- g„ Řh- šu- Iy \r†- ar- Nĩu- \- do - Il„ "- ~o $- d- Io - ¥Ñl- Wr- I· o ¥Il†- ]¶ - ¥t- g„ $- Łpl dr- ar- š- Uu- al- br I- cl- tu- ›l- |r.- #- tu- al- h- Œr- \- IG 1974 ^r- {- e- cr- br« ¥I- c- js- b- Řc "- ôu- X- Ř]¶ - Su- Œr- Ř|l- ›o ŘI«- ¥Ñl‚ Sr. - er. ]u- t- Œr- t- Ÿr. epl- e- hl- br- I <- Xo - ]l- Z- \G Xu- S- Ÿr aq- ~u e†- gG I- »r- ƒ- ¥]¶ly e†- gG- ¥Xl- tuG "- …l- br- cG ŘS- dr- er- g„ er- ]- Wr- br- Řd- Œr. 1985« ŘI«- ¥Ñl- Wr- Ř„t el†- gr- I er- šu- e- cu- al- \G 80 ¥Il- Sr cq- ]- bl- br- cu- ~- Xo 1990« 500 ¥Il- Sr- bl- br. "- ~o I- j† Sr. - er. - bu- ŘS er- d 5500 cq- ]. - ŘI«-¥Ñl‚ Sr.-er.-|o ]u-t-Řa ¥t-Ur- ¥bl, Il«-|u-¥d-š†, Řî-_r-ŘŘd-h†, ¥‹l-P-Å-tu-Iy, Sr.-er. #„tr-\, I-œpq- ˆ† A-~r-e-Řb-d½lG $-Łp-br-dl-I-al-\G ‹- Nl-cG hr-Šr-Nĩ-e-bl-br-cu-~u.- ]-Ô-›u-e†-g-¥Œl-jG ‹-e†-Œr-Nĩo 1985 ^r-{-e-cr 28\o \-œpl† ŘI«-¥Ñl- Wr-¥\l-So er-S ]-t-ƒu. ¥I-æ-h†-|l-tr- Ř„t $-Łp„ ŘS-d-¥^l‚ $„-U-ho-Ñs- hr-Ř„t ŘN-b†-al-br \r-b-ar-X-\l-b-Xr- Ř\-Œu-S†-~l-Wr-Xo. c-›u e†-gG $m zl-\-Œo Xu-S†-~u. 1986¿« ‹-[l-\-a- Ôr-|u Is-»r-du-¨ ¥I-æ $-d-Io-¥Ñl-Wr-I·o e-Iu-]¶r-Ř„t Řh-Æ-ˆ-tr-bu-al-|r. $m Il- d-Œo ¥I-æ a-Ôr-h-`-bu-ŘS fl-ð <-]-¥Z- f-I h-ar-Xr "G-KG Iq-Sr-bl-br-cu-~u.- "- ¥a- cr- | $- Łp- Ào hq- ]¶† I- œpq- ˆ† X- cl„ er- h- ˜- Xr- Nĩ - ¥]¶ly ‹- [l- \- a- Ôr- bl- br- cu- ~ cl- Ps- eo - Kl- ‡r- ¥bl- So hq- ]¶† I- œpq- ˆ† er- I- hr- ]¶r- |u- Řa- ~o - el- |u- ŘIl- Su- Œu. $- Xr- \l- br ]u- ŘW- br« "- Uvl„- ho - Uo I- œpq- ˆr- Mo ¥I- æG (hr- ¿- Ul- |o) zl- ]r- Nĩu. aq- ~u e†- g- Œr- \u- ¨r« Ehq- ]¶† I- œpq- ˆ†' \r†- ar- Nĩo $- Łp N- cr- óG ì- go - Sr- Nĩu. - S-Io-¥\l ]l†-|o e-cu-~u 1988 Ur-hG-_-tr« ¥I-æ h†-es- hr« \r-~o ]r-cr-ƒ-¥]¶l-»uG \-œpl† Ře- tu-ŘX-br-cu-~r-d½. E\lG-ŘS-Io' A-~ ¥]- cr« _lG-K½q-cr« $-d-Io-¥Ñl-Wr-I·o I-œ-\r Xu-S-Ÿr. "-~o \l-b-\l† a-Ôr-h-`-br« ep-e-hl-b-a-Ôr-bl-br-cu-~ ŘI.-#†. Km- cr-b-˜-bu-ŘS k-WG hvs-I-cr-Nĩo ep-e-hl- b-e-Iu-]¶r-Ř„t <-]-¥Z-f-I-\l-br.- EŘS-Io- ¥\l-]l†-|o' A-~ #-f-bG Km-cr-b-˜-Ào au-~r« "-e-X-cr-]¶r-Nĩu. $-Xo \-S-]¶l-|u- ~-Xr-\l-br $G-]½r-Řa-¥„t-g„ I-˜r-šr ŘN-b†-al-\l-br Km-cr-b-˜ \-œpl-Řc-X- Ř~ \r-b-ar-Nĩu. 1990¿« EŘS-Io-¥\l-]l†- |o' ¥I-c-j-Œr-\o hv-Ł-al-br.- 2006¿« \-œpl-Řc ¥X-Sr ]-¤-`q- g‚ _-iu-a-Xr-Řb-Œr. 1994¿« $-d-Io- ¥Ñl-Wr-Io al„ Dl-^o Zr $-b† "-el†-Uo, el-ho-er-Io "-el†-Uo, ^r-|r "-el†-Uo A-~r-Ÿ-Ř\ D-¥ˆ-Řt ]u-c-h¦l-c-Ÿy d-`r- Nĩr-ˆu-›o. I-üq† h†-e-I-dl-fl-d "-Su- Œ-Il-d-Œo ¥Ul-Å-¥t-šo _-iu-a-Xr-buG ‹-Jpl-]r-Nĩu. - h-^-dG I-dl-]-`-cr-XG Eh-^-dG I-dl-]-`-cr-XG' A-~, Eal-ò- `q-ar _u-I·o' ‹-hr-Šs-I-cr-Nĩ #-¤-I-Y- br« \-œpl† $-ŘX-d½lG Xu-t-Ř~-»u-Xr-br- ˆu-›o. Iu-SuG-_-Ps-er-X-Œr-Řd-buG Dm-¥Zpl- Kr-I-Ps-er-X-Œr-Řd-buG ‹-f³-Ÿy a-t-Nĩu Ře-|l-ŘX “-Z-bG ŘIl-›o A-»u-Xr-b #- ¤-I-Y-bl-Wr-Xo.- $-d-Io-¥Ñl-Wr-Io cG-KŒo $-Łp-Řb au„-\r-c-br-Řd-Œr-Nĩ "-Xr-Il-b-\lWo I-dpl-¥Ń-cr-|lc„ ŘI.]r.]r. \-œpl†. X-j†Œl„ I-»r-blŒ al-\-hr-I-es-cp-eu-albr \œpl-cr-¥]¶ly _lG-K½q-cr-Řd e-h-Xrbr« er-â-a-Œr-dl-Wo... -$- f-fr-[-c„ a-£-Œr« ŘI.]r.]r. \-œpl†¿ D-cu ]-»-bIl-d NróG ¥^l-¥ˆl: #†.ŘP. er-goWu ŘI.]r.]r. \-œpl†, `lcp <-al-¥Z-er, aI„ Ir-c‚ ‹[l-\-aÔr $-xr-cl-Kl-‡r-br«-\r-~o ^r-|r "-el†-Uo hvs-I-cr-|u~u