5 Unique Ways Doctors 5 Unique Ways Doctors Diagnose Spina Bifida Diagnose Spina Bifida Hydrocephalus Hydrocephalus Learn more about Spina Bifida Hydrocephalus at http://www.spinabifida.net
Jun 14, 2015
5 Unique Ways Doctors 5 Unique Ways Doctors Diagnose Spina Bifida Diagnose Spina Bifida HydrocephalusHydrocephalus
Learn more about Spina Bifida Hydrocephalus at
http://www.spinabifida.net
The Normal CSF FlowThe Normal CSF Flow
HydrocephalusHydrocephalusAbnormal dilatation of the cerebral
ventricular systemHydrocephalus should be
differentiated from disorders producing ventricular enlargement secondary to cerebral atrophy.
Classified into :1.Communicating Hydrocephalus2.Non communicating Hydrocephalus
Characterisics of Characterisics of HydrocephalusHydrocephalusVentricular enlargement
disproportionate to the degree of sulcal widening
Enlagement of temporal hornePeriventricular fluid 2ry to
transependymal CSF permeationEnlarged 3rd ventricle with large
suprapineal and chiasmatic recesesIn children < 2 years the head
circumference is often the best distinguishing feature between hydrocephalus and atrophy.
Normal CT BrainHydrocephalic Brain
Subependymal Subependymal CSF permeationCSF permeation
Non-Communicating Non-Communicating Hydrocephalus (Intraventricular Hydrocephalus (Intraventricular obstruction)obstruction)Ventricular dilatation caused by
intraventricular obstruction at or above the the outlet foramina of the 4th ventricle
Causes:1.Lateral ventricle2.Foramen of Monro3.3rd ventricle4.Aqueduct of sylvius5.4th ventricle
Lateral Ventriclar causes:Lateral Ventriclar causes:
1. Intrinsic tumor: ependymoma2. Ventriculitis: due to
intraventricular adhesions3. Extraventricular Tumour: mass
effect from large parenchymal mass
Ventriculitis case 1 Ventriculitis case 2
Neuroepithelial Cyst
Causes of Thid Ventricle Causes of Thid Ventricle Obstruction:Obstruction:
1. Intraventricular Tumor2. Extraventricular tumour :
Pituitary adenoma , craniopharyngioma, arachnoid cyst.
Pituitary Adenoma
Craniopharyngioma :Craniopharyngioma :
Causes of Cerebral Aqueduct of Causes of Cerebral Aqueduct of Sylvius Obstruction:Sylvius Obstruction:1. Developmental aqueduct
stenosis2. Intraventricular tumour:
epndymal seedling3. Extraventricular Tumour : Pineal
Body tumour4. Ventriculitis5. Haemorrhage
Aqueduct Stenosis
Pineal Body Tumours:Pineal Body Tumours:
Pineal Body Tumour:Pineal Body Tumour:
44thth Ventricle obstruction : Ventricle obstruction :
1. Intraventricular Tumour: Ependymoma, metastases
2. Extraventricular Tumours: medulloblastoma, haemangioblastoma, cerebellopontine angle tumours (acoutic neuroma) , meningioma
3. Outflow obstrction: infection (TB), SAH, leptomeningeal malignancy
EpendymomaEpendymoma
Medulloblastoma :Medulloblastoma :
Cerebellar Cerebellar HaemangioblastomaHaemangioblastoma
Intraventricular Intraventricular Haemorrhage:Haemorrhage:
Acoustic Neuroma:Acoustic Neuroma:
Questions?Questions?
Learn more about Spina Bifida Hydrocephalus at http://www.spinabifida.net