5 Themes of Geography Geography Geography is the study of: –People, the places they live, and how they all interact.

5 Themes of Geography

Geography• Geography is the study of:

– People, the places they live, and how they all interact.

5 Themes

Location and Place• Location gives a definite location

– Absolute or Relative locations• Place - describes the human/ physical

characteristics– Describes mountains, rivers, deserts, etc.– Ex. Ashburn is flat and heavily populated with few rivers.

It also has people from many different nations• Location and place are different because…

– One describes WHERE you are– The other describes WHAT your place is like

Human-Environment Interaction, Movement, and Region

• Human-Environment Interaction– Explains how humans adapt and modify their environment to better

suit their needs– Ex. Air conditioning or leveling land for housing

• Movement looks at how and why humans move around the world and what they bring with them– Ex. Cultural diffusion and migration

• Regions are units of geographic study– Formal regions- clearly defined regions (countries)– Functional regions- defined by connections

• Ex. DC Metro Area – connected by the Beltway– Vernacular regions- no formal boundaries, but known

• Ex. The Midwest or The South or Northern VA

NOW LETS SING ALONG TO THE 5 Themes of Geography

Song!

I know you are super excited

Latitude & Longitude : the Global Gridthe Global Grid

• An imaginary grid of lines used to find location

• Can be found on most maps throughout the world

• It is a uniform measurement (all countries use it)

• An imaginary grid of lines used to find location

• Can be found on most maps throughout the world

• It is a uniform measurement (all countries use it)

LLAATITUDETITUDE

• Imaginary lines that run Across the earth

• Parallel - they never touch!!!• They measure distance North or South of

the equator

LATITUDE

A = ACROSS !!!!!!!

FROM LEFT TO RIGHT

• Remember - THEY ARE LONG

• Measure distance East or West of the Prime Meridian

• Intersect above the North and South Pole

• (Run Up & Down on a map) - Usually!!!

Reading Latitude and Longitude

• When reading maps for location, you must use latitude and longitude to locate your destination

• Latitude always comes first, then Longitude– Ex. 40 N, 160 E or 27 S, 17 E

• Use the worksheets given to practice finding location• Use the sheet to define and sketch the different

types of geographic features

Want another song?? If not too bad

Types of Land Forms

Island – land area that is surrounded by water

Long Island

Archipelago – chain of islands

Hawaiian Islands

Cape – Narrow point of land that extends into a body of water

Cape Cod, MA

Peninsula – piece of land that is surrounded by water on three sides

Florida

Hill – area of raised land that is lower and more rounded than a mountain

HillsAcadia National Park

Maine

Mountain – high, steep, rugged land that rises sharply above the surrounding land.

Mount McKinley, Alaska

Plain – broad area of fairly level land that is generally close to sea level

PlainsCheyenne River Sioux Reservation

Wyoming

Plateau – large area of high, flat, or gently rolling land

Bateke PlateauGabon, Africa

Desert – area that has little or no moisture or vegetation

Sahara Desert, Africa

Coast – land that borders the sea

Jones Beach

Continent – any of seven large land masses on the Earth’s surface

South AmericaAntarctica

Australia

Asia

EuropeNorth America Africa

Sub-continent – an area of land that is part of a continent but is separated by something (landform, language, etc.

IndiaCentral (Latin)

America

Isthmus – narrow strip of land joining two large land areas or joining a peninsula to a mainland.

Isthmus of Panama

Strait – narrow channel that connects two larger bodies of water

Strait of Gibraltar

Tributary – stream or small river that flows into a larger stream or river

River – large stream of water that empties into an ocean, lake, or another river

Hudson and Mohawk Rivers

tributary map of Lake Erie

Bay – part of a body of water that is partly enclosed by land

Jamaica Bay

Gulf – arm of an ocean or sea that is partly enclosed by land, usually larger than a bay.

Gulf of Mexico

Lake – body of fresh water surrounded by land

Great Lakes

Sea – large body of salt water that is smaller than an ocean

Black Sea

Ocean – any of the large bodies of salt water on the Earth’s surface.

A

B

C

DPacific Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

Arctic Ocean

Indian Ocean