5 th Period 2012

5th Period 2012

New Movements and TechnologiesStudent Presentations

THE INDUSTREAL REVOLUTION

Collin Duggan & Will Summerall

What Was the Industrial

Revolution? It was a period of rapid growth with breakthroughs in water powered machines and high production.

Hand powered machines were not efficient enough to fill large orders so a man named Richard Arkwright came up with a revolutionary idea

His design would allow 1 machine to do the work of 50 people

The Idea He created a wheel with boards of wood

that would catch the water and turn a master axle called a vertical shaft, this puts the whole operation in motion. One of these water wheel inventions could power an entire textile mill.

Water Power Textile Mill

Labor Unions

Labor Unions

• Labor Unions- Groups that tried to improve pay and working conditions.

Labor Unions problems

• Working late• Child labor• Safety

Strikes

• Strikes are workers on strike that refuse to work until employers meet their demands

• Most early strikes weren't successful. • A lot of workers where on strike for the late

hours they had to work and safety and wages.

President Martin Van Buren

• He granted a 10 hour work day in 1840 for many federal employees

• Men and women worked 12 to 14 hours per day, six days per week.

WAGES!!!!!HOURS!!!!!!!

SAFETY !!!!!!!!!!!!Mr. Benson

Meow :3

SteamboatJustin PfisterJack McNinch

Steamboat• Steamboats made traveling up river and across

the ocean very easy.• The steamboat had increased trade and profits.• The consumers would get there goods faster

and more cheaper.• There were about 500 steamboats in the US by

1840.• In the 1850’s, the steamboats were being used

for trade and for transporting people across the Atlantic Ocean.

Robert Fulton• In 1803 Robert Fulton tested his first

steamboat in France.• Later, Robert tested his first full sized

steamboat called the Clermont.• The Clermont could travel up current of the

Hudson River with ease.• Fulton had designed the first steamboat

warship.• He also designed the first submarine, called

Nautilus.

Clermont• While the Clermont, as his new steamboat was named, was under

construction, Fulton publicly demonstrated in the presence of naval experts the effectiveness of his torpedo invention by blowing up a brig in New York harbor, July 20, 1807.

• The Clermont was built by Charles Brown, a well-known New York ship-builder.

• It was 133 feet long, seven feet deep, and eighteen feet broad, and was decked over for a short distance at bow and stern.

• Under Fulton's immediate direction the Watt steam-engine was placed in the forward part of the boat and left open to view. Back of it was installed the twenty-foot boiler set in brick-work and housed over.

• Two side paddle-wheels, fifteen feet in diameter, propelled the boat.• On Aug. 17, 1807, the Clermont began her memorable voyage up the

Hudson to Albany and return. The elapsed time for the round trip was five days, but the Clermont was actually under way only sixty-two hours, the speed attained having been close to five miles an hour.

SteamboatsBy: Nicole HoganLourdes Costanzo

The SteamboatTransportation Revolution: a period of rapid

growth in the speed and convenience of travel because of new methods of transportation

In 1803, Robert Fulton invented the first full sized commercial steamboat; The Clemont

In 1807 the Clemont traveled against the current up the Hudson river

Increased trade and profits because goods could be moved quicker and was cheaper to transport goods

The SteamboatJohn Rumsey and John Fitch worked with

steamboat ideas1780’s that were used for entrepreneurs who

could move goods up and down The Hudson, Connecticut, and Providence

river Boats were soon “plying” there way through

Steemwheeler was the first steamboat on western waters, this boat was 116-foot

Alyssa

Cotton Gin Karly Farrell Hannah “the” Wolf(enson)

• Cotton gin- a machine that removes seeds from short-staple cotton• Each ball of cotton fiber had numerous seeds embedded in the cotton, and they had

to be either picked out by hand or run through a roller gin• The first cotton gin had been in use since its unknown early origins—possibly the

twelfth century—in India and China and was imported by British colonists to North America

• Eli Whitney, the inventor of the new cotton gin, got the idea for the cotton gin from a Georgia plantation that had a similar machine but it did not work very well

• Planters (large-scale farmers who held more than 20 slaves) built cotton gins that could process tons of cotton much faster than hand processing

Before Cotton Gin

• Eli Whitney in 1793 created a working model of a hand-cranked mechanical device that used a rotating, wire-toothed cylinder to remove cotton seeds

• He wanted to keep this device a secret• As the fibers passed through the metal teeth, the teeth caught and removed the

seeds• But the design had some issues like the wire teeth occasionally broke off and became

entangled in the cotton• Unfortunately, Whitney was unable to produce enough machines to meet the people’s

demand• When people found out about Whitney's design, manufacturers throughout the nation

seized the opportunity to enrich themselves by producing cotton gins• Several gin manufacturers improved the design, replacing the breakable wire teeth

with sections of fine-toothed saw blade, creating the so-called saw gin

Cotton Gin

NATIVIST MOVEMENT Jason YakimivAaron Knotts

Nativist Movement Americans and others who opposed

immigration were called nativist. “Nativist movements" or sometimes

"revitalization" movements. These movements consist of people who feel they are being oppressed by a foreign colonizing government that is destroying their traditional way of life and is removing them from their land.

Nativist Movement In 1840s and 1850s some nativists became

politically active. Yet a great deal of native-born Americans

feared losing their jobs to immigrants who might work for lower wages. Some felt implicitly threatened by the new immigrants cultures and religions. While many immigrants went to the Midwest to get farmland, other immigrants filled the need for cheap labor in towns and cities.

Nativists Movement In 1849 nativists founded a political

organization, the Know-Nothing Party, that supported measures making it difficult for foreigners to become citizens or hold office.

They also wanted to require immigrants to live in the United States for 21 years before becoming citizens.

City jobs drew immigrants from many nations as well as migrants from rural parts of US.

Sources http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/

ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=Reference&disableHighlighting=false&prodId=WHIC&action=e&windowstate=normal&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX3424502234&mode=view

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_fPo-m6G36C8/Rn6foh9m6RI/AAAAAAAAAgg/MDtbW-grj8A/s400/know%2Bnothing%2Bflag.jpg

http://apush-wiki-marlborough-school.wikispaces.com/file/view/anti-immigrant-cartoon-1896.jpg/70230163/anti-immigrant-cartoon-1896.jpg

TEMPERANCE By: Jarod Smith

Ray Kearney

Beginning of social reforming movement

The group that was against alcohol was called, Social Reforming Movement or SRM.

Countless Americans thought that Alcohol abuse caused family violence and criminal behavior.

Americans worries about the effects of alcohol led to growth of temperance movement.

Complained that America drank too much in the 1830s.

8 gallons of alcohol was consumed per person in 1830

Fall of Social reforming movement

In 1835 the SRM claimed more than 1.5 million members in 8 thousand locations

By 1836 SRM lost most of their wealthy supporters in south America.

Temperance Movement

By: Alyssa Thorpe and Marissa Sharp

An average American can consume 7 gallons

of alcohol per year in the 1830’s. Americans thought alcohol abuse caused

-social problems-family violence-poverty-criminal behavior

The temperance movement blossomed nationally over the next decade, with the creation of the American Temperance Society in 1826.

Temperance

This reform effort urged people to use self-

discipline to stop drinking hard liquor. They asked people to limit themselves to beer

and wine in small amounts. Minister Lyman Beecher spoke widely about

evils of alcohol. He claimed people who drank alcohol

“neglecting the education of their families and corrupting their morals.”

Temperance

Erin Burke & Leah Hess

Prison Reform

Prisoners were left in dark cells with no clothes or heat and were chained to walls and beaten.

The prison also held runaway children and orphans

Some children survived by begging or stealing, they also got the same punishment as adults criminals

Mentally ill patients were locked up and treated like animals

Life in the Prisons

Middle class reformer who visited prisons throughout Massachusetts starting in 1841.

Reported that mentally ill people frequently were jailed criminals.

Dix spoke of what she saw to the state legislature.

Because of what she had reported the government built faculties for the ill.

Dorothea Dix

Prison Reform

By: Randy Keetley & Taylor Thorpe

Dorothea Dix

• Dorothea Dix was a middle class reformer who visited prisons throughout Massachusetts at the beginning of 1841.

• Dorothea Dix spoke about what she saw to the legislator about mentally ill people getting ill a lot and being sent to jail, they were put in cells without clothes and heat also they were beaten.

• Josiah Quincy asked the young offenders to receive different punishments than the adults.

Changing rules for some prisoners

• Removed mentally ill people from prison to a facility for mentally ill people.

• Removed runaway children from prison to a reform school where they were trained useful skills for life.

• One hundred hospitals were built for mentally ill people with professional care.

American Anti-Slavery SocietyBy Brandon .L and Andrew .R

American Anti-Slavery Society Abolition- the legal prohibition and

ending of slavery, especially of slavery of blacks in the U.S.

American Anti-Slavery Society The Abolitionists

were people who hated slavery and wanted to put an end to it, they used different ways to convince people.

Many people who were against slavery made pamphlets and books that moved many people and made them Anti-Slavery.

American Anti-Slavery Society One of the things

Abolitionists used was pictures.

American Anti-Slavery Society William Lloyd Garrison was a poet who

wrote abolitionist poems and convinced people to put an end to it.

American Anti-Slavery Society “Resolved, That the compact which

exists between the North and the South is a covenant with death and an agreement with hell; involving both parties in atrocious criminality, and should be immediately annulled. - William Lloyd Garrison.

American Anti-Slave Society

By: Miles Davidow and Emma Lambert-

Waldmann

Abolition was a belief in the complete end to slavery Members of the Abolitionist movement wanted emancipation (freedom) and

racial equality for African Americans William Lloyd Garrison, a leader of the Abolitionist movement, published an

abolitionist movement newspaper, The Liberator. “Where there is a human being I see god-giving rights…” said Garrison He also create The American Anti-Slavery Society Angelina and Sarah Grimke were two white southern women who wanted to

abolish slavery forever They disagreed with their parents because their parents wanted slaves Society people spread anti-slavery throughout the congress 1839 Grimke's sisters wrote American slavery as it is It was one of the most anti-slavery works of art Liberator and anti-slavery society relied on support from free African

Americans

Abolition

Pictures

Pictures

Angelina Sarah

By Brendan and Danielle

Frederick Douglass/Sojourner Truth

Born a slave but ran away at the age of twenty.Secretly learned Literacy. Antislavery society wanted to have him give

regular lectures and speeches.Published the Newspaper North StarWrote several autobiographies.

(http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1539.html)

Frederick Douglass

Former slaveClaimed God called her to travel through the US

and preach the truth about slavery and women’s rights

Became legendary in the antislavery movementShe was the first black woman to win a slander suit.Also the first black woman to test the legality of

segregation of Washington D.C.

(http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetails)

Sojourner Truth

Underground RailroadMatt Wood, Jared Rapoport

Facts 1830’s organized group was helping slaves

escape from the South The railroad never had a central Leadership The fugitives wore disguises. At night they

were led by people known as conductors. Fugitives had no guideposts except the

stars. They stopped to rest during the day at

“Stations” Stations: Barns, attics, or other places.

Other Facts Many people associated with the Underground

Railroad became well known, most famous Harriet Tubman.

She reportedly helped three hundred slaves through her own action.

The Underground Railroad was neither a railroad nor underground.

It was a hidden network of people who agreed to help runaway slaves.

Frederick Douglass (c. 1817–1895) a fugitive slave who was a spokesperson, used his newspaper offices as a station on the Underground Railroad, helping countless runaway slaves on their road to freedom.

Pictures

Works Cited

"Underground Railroad." U*X*L Encyclopedia of U.S. History. Sonia Benson, Daniel E. Brannen, Jr., and Rebecca Valentine. Ed. Lawrence W. Baker and Sarah Hermsen. Vol. 8. Detroit: UXL, 2009. 1602-1604. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 20 Apr. 2012.

SENECA FALLS CONVENTION

By Olivia Cubbage and Claire Norden

SENECA FALLS CONVENTION

The Seneca Falls Convention was the first public meeting about women’s rights held in the United States.

It opened on July 19th 1848, in Seneca Falls, New York.

ELIZABETH CADY STANTON

1840- Stanton went to an anti-slavery convention with husband and was forced to sit in a separate gallery with the other women.

Stanton and her friend, Lucretia Mott, wanted to change the way people thought about women.

Eight years passed before Stanton and Mott

finally announced the Seneca Falls convention.

OTHER LEADERS

William Lloyd Garrison- One of the founders of the anti-slavery convection and sat with women in protest.

Lucy Stone- She was a gifted speaker who Stanton called “the first who really stirred the nation’s heart”.

Susan B. Anthony- Brought strong , organizational skills to women’s rights movement. She believed women should be allowed to enter male professions such as religion and law. Anthony led a campaign to change the laws regarding property rights and collected more than 6,000 signatures in a petition in New York.

DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS

Declaration of Sentiments was a document with detailed beliefs about social injustice toward women.

Used the DOI as a basis for the language in the DOS.

- -There were 18 charges against men (same that had been charged against King George III)

-DOS signed by 100 people

SOURCES http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=Reference&disableHighlighting=false&prodId=WHIC&action=e&win

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A book that would inspire millions to end slavery

UNCLE TOM’S CABIN

UNCLE TOM’S CABINABOUT THE BOOK

• Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe

• The book tells the harsh cruelty of slavery through a fictional character named Tom

• Tom is taken from his wife and becomes the slave of a man named Legree

• In a rage, Tom is beaten to death

• The idea for the book was conceived when Harriet met some fugitive slaves and heard their stories

UNCLE TOM’S CABINTHE RESULTS OF THE BOOK

• Due to the popularity of her book, she was known as the “the little lady who made this big war” by Abraham Lincoln

• Book was read by 2 million people and was called a book that created 2 million abolitionists

• The book also caused an outrage in the south

• She received the honor of meeting the president for this one book

• Known to be the most profound woman writer of the 19 th century