Capacity Building Workshop on Sustainable Urban Transport Index (SUTI) 30-31 October 2017, Colombo. Sustainable Energy Initiatives in Sri Lanka Thusitha Sugathapala Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Moratuwa. Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation, Sri Lanka
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Capacity Building Workshop on
Sustainable Urban Transport Index (SUTI)
30-31 October 2017, Colombo.
Sustainable Energy Initiatives
in Sri Lanka
Thusitha Sugathapala
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Moratuwa.
Ministry of Transport and Civil
Aviation, Sri Lanka
� National Outlook
� Overview of the Energy Sector
� Sri Lanka in the Global Sustainability Map
� The Strategic Directions
� The basis
� Sustainable Energy Initiatives
� Renewable Energy Development
� Rational Use of Energy
- Energy Management
- Knowledge Management
OVERVIEW
2
Major Hydro
Thermal (Coal)
New RE: 11.1%
Thermal (Oil)
37.1%
18.0%
33.7%
Major Hydro: 9.5%
Coal: 10.0%
New RE: 2.9%
Oil
Biomass 38.8%
38.9%
NATIONAL OUTLOOK
� Overview of the Energy Sector
3
Primary Energy
Supply by Source
Gross Electricity
Generation of
Grid Connected
Power Plants
Source: SLEB-2015, SLSEA
NATIONAL OUTLOOK
� Overview of the Energy Sector
� Demand for fossil fuels
4
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
An
nu
al
Sa
le (
kto
n)
Year
Coal
Other
Kerosene
LPG
Furnace Oil
Gasoline
DieselDiesel
Gasoline
Furnace Oil
Coal
Source: SLEB-2015, SLSEA
NATIONAL OUTLOOK
� Overview of the Energy Sector
� Impact of energy in GHG emissions
5
Energy61.36%
Industrial Processes2.61%
Agriculture24.99%
LUCF 0.24%
Waste 10.79%
Gross Emission = 18,843 Gg CO2eq
Removal = 6,254 Gg CO2eq
Net Emission = 12,589 Gg CO2eq
(614 kg CO2eq /Capita)
Source: UNFCCC 2nd National Communication, Ministry of Environment.
Power sector26.59%
Industry8.26%
Transport43.97%
Household &
Commercial18.84%
Refinery2.34%
Energy Sector Emissions = 11,562 Gg CO2eq
NATIONAL OUTLOOK
� Sri Lanka in the Global Sustainability Map
� Development vs Energy
6
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
HDI
Primary Energy Supply (kWh/Capita/day)
Earth I Earth IIOne
Earth
This scenario may require three resource worlds
Sri Lanka
World
The one resource world scenario of convergence and contraction of the energy consumption among all Countries
Source: Human Development Report 2015, UNDP
Earth II
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Ec
olo
gic
al F
oo
tpri
nt
pe
r c
ap
ita
(g
ha
)
UN Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)
Low Human Development
Med
ium
Hu
man
Develo
pm
en
t
Hig
h H
um
an
Develo
pm
en
t
Very
Hig
h H
um
an
Develo
pm
en
t
Global Ecological footprint = 2.6 gha
Bio-capacity=
1.7 gha Minumum global
sustainable
development quadrant
NATIONAL OUTLOOK
� Sri Lanka in the Global Sustainability Map
� Development vs Environment
7
Sri Lanka
Source: Living Planet Report 2014, Global Footprint Network
NATIONAL OUTLOOK
� Sri Lanka in the Global Sustainability Map
� Economic Efficiency vs Energy
8Source: Industrial Development Report 2011, UNIDO
Energy Intensity (ToE per $1,000 MVA)
Co
mp
eti
tive I
nd
ustr
ial
Perf
orm
an
ce I
nd
ex Developing economies
Developed economies
Predicted trend
Sri Lanka
� A tradeoff between� Socio Economic Development
� Resource Security
� Environment Sustainability
� Transformational change in the energy sector
9
Transforming our world: the
2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development: UN SDGs
THE STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS
Energy
Security
Environment
Sustainability
Socio-Economic
Development
Sustainable
Energy
(A) Developing Renewable Energy
(B) Improving Energy Efficiency
(C) Rational Use of Energy
A
B C
Technology Interventions Systems and Behavioral Changes
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES
� Renewable Energy Development
� Strategic Approach
10
RESOURCE MAPS
RESOURCE INVENTORY
TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP
Technical
Potential
Environmental
Potential
Policy
Targets
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES
� Renewable Energy Development
� Resource maps:
11
Solar Wind Hydro
Low
Medium
High
(kWh/m2/yr)
Source: SLSEA
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES
� Renewable Energy Development
� Resource inventory:
12
No District Biomass Solar Wind Hydro Total
1 Ampara 30 0 0 0 30
2 Anuradhapura 15 30 0 2 47
3 Badulla 15 0 60 61 136
4 Batticaloa 15 0 0 0 15
5 Colombo 40 0 0 0 40
6 Galle 15 0 0 12 27
7 Gampha 5 0 0 0 5
8 Hambantota 15 100 60 1 176
9 Jaffna 0 0 100 0 100
10 Kalutara 30 0 0 3 33
11 Kandy 15 0 30 80 125
12 Kegalle 0 0 0 94 94
13 Kilinochchi 15 30 60 0 105
14 Kurunegala 30 30 0 0 60
15 Mannar 0 0 260 0 260
16 Matale 0 0 30 38 68
17 Matara 15 0 0 13 28
18 Monaragala 30 15 0 6 51
19 Mullaittivu 15 0 30 0 45
20 Nuwara Eliya 0 0 60 133 193
21 Polonnaruwa 15 30 0 8 53
22 Puttalam 15 0 260 0 275
23 Ratnapura 0 0 30 151 181
24 Trincomalee 15 0 30 0 45
25 Vavuniya 15 15 0 0 30
Total 360 250 1010 602 2222Source: SLSEA
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES
� Renewable Energy Development
� Technology roadmap (for electricity)
13
Today Towards Sustainable Energy Systems
Micro-hydro
Waste /Agro-residues
Mini Hydro
Wind: Offshore
Ocean Wave
Geothermal
BAU (lighter pie) vs additional energy potential (darker pie)
Ch
alle
ng
es
fo
r Im
ple
me
nta
tio
n
Time Horizon
3rd Phase
1st Phase 2nd Phase
Solar PVNet metering
Pico-hydro
Solar Home
Biomass: Dendro power
Mini Hydro: Irrigation Channels
OTEC
Biomass: MSW
Solar PV
Wind:Hill-country
Pump Storage:
Large-hydro
Pump Storage: Lift irrigation
Ice Storage
Wind: Onshore
Biomass: Cogeneration
Mini Hydro: Low head
Small Hydro
Wind
Biomass
Solar
Geothermal
Ocean
CSP
Storage
Biomass: Co-firing
Transport Electrification
Transport
Hydrogen Storage
2050+
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES
� Renewable Energy Development
� The Progress
14
TypeCommissioned Energy Permit
Projects MW Projects MW
Small Hydro 183 357.11 77 138.10
Dendro 3 10.50 9 39.74
Agro Waste + Biogas 4 13.08 1 0.13
Municipal Waste - - 3 23.40
Solar 8 51.36 2 20.00
Wind 15 128.45 2 101.10
Total 215 565.54 94 322.47
Installed
Capacities
(@25 Oct 2017)
Cumulative Capacity
Additions and Number
of SPPs of NRE
(during 1997 – 2015)
Solar PV rooftop - Net-metering: > 6,000 (> 50 MW)