5 families of agiosperms

5 Families of Agiosperms

Presented by :

Geonyzl L. Alviola

Outline of the Topic

1. Family Acanthaceae2. Family Anarcadiaceae3. Family Aizoaceaa4. Family Ericaceae5. Family Poaceae

I. Family Acanthaceae (Acanthus Family)

- Diagnostic Characters

- Dehiscent capsulated fruit; retinacula in fruit

- flower bilabiate and zygomorphic in

symmetry; spike inflorescence

- 334 genera and 3,947 (The Plant list)

- distribution: Temperate but mostly tropical

Economic importance:

- ornamentals

Examples of Genera in Family Acanthaceae

〉 A. Acanthus (85 species)

- Characterized for having spiny toothed leaves while its young and becomes ovate as it matures.

-It has a spike inflorescence with whitish or purplish corolla.

-Most of the habitat is swampy or in marine coastal areas. The flowers had a zygomorphic symmetry.

Acanthus iliciformis (syn. with A. dolorous)

The flowers are purplish with whitish streaks near the corolla base.

The status is least concern.

Acanthus volubilis

The flowers are white and the floral buds are pointed.

The status is least concern.

Status is least concern but facing threat due to conversion of coastal lands into resorts and residential areas.

- previously declared as vulnerable (Veo, 2012)

B. Androgaphis (41 species)

- It is commonly known as

“King of Bitter”.

- This genus known by having lanceolate leaves arrange in opposite manner.

- inflorescence is raceme, 5 parted calyx with hairs, bilabiate flowers. The dehiscent fruit had a flat capsule contain with 12 seeds.

The flowers are zygomorphic in symmetry and bilabiate.

The species was not fully assessed in its distribution and status.

Andropgraphis paniculata

C. Avicinnia (28 species)

〉 It known as the “Black Mangrove”.

〉 This genus is known for their vertical roots called the pneumatophores.

〉 Each pneumatophores had lenticles.

〉 Distribution in coastal marine areas.

Representative of Avicinnia〉 Avicinnia alba

Leaves : - The leaf blade are lanceolate- Dark green on upperside, pale-coloured, whitish on the underside.- Leaves are simple (undivided leaf blade) and opposite (a pair of leaves attached at a node)Flower: - Orange-yellow color - Each flower has four equal lobed petals that are smooth on the inside.-Flowers is distinguished from other Avicinnia species by its long spicate distal flower units.-- Ovary without a style.- Fruit is pointed Status: Least concern 

Avicinnia germinans

Flowers- Inflorescence cyme-Flowers bisexual; petals 4, fused up to halfway, hairy, white; - stamens 4, ovary superior,

II. Anacardiaceae (Cashew Family or Sumac Family; 81 genera)

〉 The family is distinguished from related families by the combination of intrastaminal disc, presence of resin ducts, the unilocular ovary and drupaceous.

〉 81 genera in Philippines

〉 600 species

〉 Economic importance:

〉 - food (cashew, pistachio and Jamaica plum)

〉 - Resins, oils and lacquers from Toxicodendron.

Examples of genera and species representatives Anacardiaceae

〉 Anacardium (Cashew; 38 species)

〉 swollen, succulent pedicel

〉 B. Mangifera (Mango); 127 species

〉 This genus produce a milky sap on its leaf.

〉 Bear edible fleshy fruits, seed is large, flattened and fibrous

Is considered endangered (DAO,2006)

also known as Huani

M. monandra -Malapaho (Vul)

III. Aizoaceae (Mesembryanthemum Family or Mollugo or Toston Family)

- This family particularly originated from Africa.

- fleshy succulent leaves

- no petals; specialized sepals

- Members of the Aizoaceae are divided into subfamilies and tribes on the basis of the position of the ovary, the type of placentation and the character of ovules

- Genera: 135 genera; 144 (Pelser, Barcelona & Nickrent, 2011)

Species : 1900

- economic importance : some are edible

Examples of genera in Aizoaceae, only three were recorded (Sesuvium, Tetragonia and Trianthema):A.1. Trianthema: 69 species

This genera is pantropic; with hairs on stems and leaves

IV. Ericaceae (The Heath Family)〉 This family is distinguished by the combination of characters

predominantly shrub, the stamen distinct (except on many tropical Vaccinioidae mostly twice as many as corolla lobes and arising from nectiferous disc (rarely alternate to corolla) and the ovary typically 4- more loculed.

〉 Their leaves are usually alternate or whorled, simple and without stipules.

〉 The preferred habitat is a mossy forest.

〉 Economic importance food (berries) and some are ornamentals

〉 Genera :124

〉 Species:4250

A.1 Diplycosia : 142 species

〉 Known to have urceolate type of perianth. Some stems with hairs.

other endemic Diplycosia〉 Diplycosia coi (EP) - Mindoro

〉 Diplycosia loheri (EP) - Luzon

〉 Diplycosia luzonica (EP) - Ifugao

〉 Diplycosia parvifolia (EP) - Negros; Ifugao

〉 Diplycosia platyphylla(EP)-

〉 Diplycosia trinervia (EP)

B. 1 Rhododendron (1,000 species)〉 leaves arranged spirally

〉 Some of the best known species are noted for their many clusters of large flowers.

〉 They have frequently been divided based on the presence or absence of scales on the abaxial (lower) leaf surface (lepidote or elepidote).

〉 These scales, unique to subgenus Rhododendron, are modified hairs consisting of a polygonal scale attached by a stalk.

R. javanicum - Malagos(Critical endangered)

R. kochii - Koch's Malagos (CR)

R. taxifolium- Yellow leaf Rhododendron(CR)

R. subsessille = Ausip (Endangered)

V. Poaceae =Graminea (Grass or Zacate Family)〉 Linear leaves; hollowed stem; roots fibrous no primary root

system; nodes are distinct where the leaves arises.

〉 The Poaceae family could be distinguished according to the following characters:

〉 type of modified stem (culm, stolon or rhizome);〉 type of sheathing (open, closed, united, overlapping or splitting);〉 leaf collars (constricted, twisted or divided); 〉 ligules (hairy, membranous or absent); 〉 auricle forms (long-clawlike, short stubby or absent, falcate);〉 inflorescence (raceme, panicle or spike); 〉 form or the structures of the spikelet (presence or absence of

awn, glumes); 〉 growth habits (stoloniferous, rhizomatous and caespitose)〉 Genera: 823 (Simon, 2011) Species: 12,096 (Simon, 2011)

〉 A.1. Agrostis (980 species) (Pelser, Barcelona & Nickrent, 2011)

〉 Commonly known as Bent grass. The sheath had a membranous ligule. Inflorescence is panicle; stoloniferous growth habit.

Agrostis gigantea

C.1. Bambusa

(398 species)

- The culm nodes are swollen; plant habit is caespitose

Bambusa merrillii – Endemic to the Philippines and discovered in Nueva Vizcaya.

〉 References

〉 Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x

〉 Clayton, W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 onwards). GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db.html. [accessed 08 November 2006; 15:30 GMT]*

〉 http://www.tolweb.org/acanthaceae

〉 http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/5cda7da03211cae60b263bd9e627b0cc/synonym/286b1a25056c5fbe0c36009f1dfcf1e2

〉 https://www.prota4u.org/database/protav8.asp?g=pe&p=Avicennia+germinans+(L.)+L.

〉 http://www.wildflowers-and-weeds.com/Plant_Families/Anacardiaceae.htm

〉 Hossain, M. S., Urbi, Z., Sule, A., & Rahman, K. M. (2014). Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees: a review of ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. The Scientific World Journal, 2014.

〉 Inamdar, J. A., Chaudhari, G. S., & Rao, T. V. (1990). Studies on the cystoliths of Acanthaceae. Feddes Repertorium, 101(7‐8), 417-424.

〉 Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) (http://www.itis.gov).

〉 Introduction To Grass Morphology.

Thank you :)