• LEHNINGER • PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY • Fifth Edition © 2008 W. H. Freeman and Company CHAPTER 13 Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types Dr Daniel Turyn
Jan 15, 2015
• LEHNINGER
• PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY • Fifth Edition
© 2008 W. H. Freeman and Company
CHAPTER 13
Bioenergetics and Biochemical
Reaction Types
Dr Daniel Turyn
The Second Law and Entropy: An Orderly
Way of Thinking About Disorder
The second law of thermodynamics has been described and
expressed in many
different ways, including the following.
1. Systems tend to proceed from ordered (low entropy or low to
disordered (high entropy or high probability) states.
2. The entropy of the system plus surroundings is unchanged by
reversible
processes; the entropy of the system plus surroundings increases for
irreversible
processes.
3. All naturally occurring processes proceed toward equilibrium, that
is, to a
state of minimum potential energy. probability) states