BO CO
BO CO
TNG KT THI HNH PHP LUT V PHNG CHNG THIN TAI1I. R sot khi qut php
lut lin quan n phng chng thin tai
1. Lut Ti nguyn nc 1998, chng IV/ D tho Lut Ti nguyn nc sa i
2011 phng chng, khc phc hu qu l, lt v tc hi khc do nc gy ra12. Lut
iu23. Php lnh Phng, chng lt bo nm 1993, sa i nm 200024. Quy ch phng
chng ng t, sng thn 200655. Ngh nh 14/2010/N-CP quy nh v t chc, nhim
v, quyn hn v c ch phi hp ca Ban Ch o phng, chng lt, bo Trung ng;
Ban Ch huy phng, chng lt, bo v Tm kim cu nn cc B, ngnh v a phng66.
Ngh nh s 50/1997/N-CP v Quy ch thnh lp v hot ng ca Qu phng, chng
lt, bo ca a phng77. Ngh nh v phng chy v cha chy rng 200678. Ngh nh
thi hnh Php lnh tnh trng khn cp trong trng hp c thm ho ln, dch bnh
nguy him 200299. Ngh nh v phng th dn s 20081010. Tiu kt11II.Tng kt
thi hnh Php lnh Phng, chng lt, bo 1993-2000 v cc vn bn php lut c
lin quan131. Nhng kt qu t c131.1. V t chc trin khai v ban hnh vn bn
php lut141.2. V t chc v i ng ngi lm cng tc phng, chng lt,
bo151.2.1. T chc phng chng thin tai Trung ng151.2.2. T chc phng
chng thin tai a phng151.2.3. T chc phng chng thin tai ti cc b,
ngnh161.3. V hot ng phng, chng lt, bo161.3.1. Hot ng phng
nga161.3.2. Hot ng ng ph201.3.3. Hot ng khc phc hu qu211.4. V cng
tc qun l hot ng phng, chng lt, bo232. Kh khn, bt cp v nguyn
nhn252.1. Mt s hn ch ca cc quy nh trong Php lnh v cc vn bn c lin
quan252.2. Thch thc hin nay i vi cng tc phng chng thin tai26III.
Kin ngh28PH LC31Ph lc 1: Danh mc cc vn bn php lut c ban hnh c lin
quan n phng chng thin tai31Ph lc 2: Quyt nh v thnh vin tham gia ban
ch o PCLBTW t nm 201140Ph lc 3: Tng hp cn b cng tc ti cc Ban ch huy
phng, chng lt, bo v tm kim cu nn cp tnh42
Ph lc 4. Tm tt kt qu r sot cc vn bn php lut Vit Nam v phng chng
thin tai theo iu khon 44
B NNG NGHIP V PHT TRIN NNG THN
S: /BC-BNNCNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
c lp T do Hnh phc
H Ni, ngy thng nm 2012
BO CO
Tng kt thi hnh php lut v phng chng thin taiI. R sot khi qut php
lut lin quan n phng chng thin tai
Cho n nay, Vit Nam cha c mt vn bn php lut chung v phng chng thin
tai m ch ban hnh cc vn bn iu chnh mt s loi thin tai ln m Vit Nam
hay gp phi (ch yu l thin tai lin quan n nc) hoc c mc nghim trng cn
phi tnh n (nh ng t, sng thn). Danh mc cc vn bn php lut c lin quan n
cng tc phng chng thin tai ban hnh c tng kt ti Ph lc 1. Bn cnh , Vit
Nam cng ban hnh mt s vn bn v qun l ri ro thm ha c lin quan n thin
tai. Trong s cc vn bn ny, Php lnh Phng, chng lt, bo nm 1993, sa i
nm 2000 l vn bn c mc iu chnh kh y , xt v cc kha cnh: c ch qun l,
chu trnh qun l, ti chnh..., v do vy s c r sot k phn sau. Trong phn
u, Bo co s phn tch tng hp cc vn bn php lut trc tip iu chnh hot ng
phng chng thin tai v cc vn bn c lin quan nhm nh gi mc p ng yu cu
thng nht qun l nh nc v phng chng thin tai ca khung php lut hin hnh,
ng thi nu bt nhng u im ca mi vn bn cn c pht huy v nhng im cn hn
ch.
1. Lut Ti nguyn nc 1998, chng IV/ D tho Lut Ti nguyn nc sa i
2011 phng chng, khc phc hu qu l, lt v tc hi khc do nc gy ra
i tng ca Lut Ti nguyn nc l cc ngun nc mt, nc ma, nc di t, nc bin
thuc lnh th nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam; nc bin, nc di t thuc
vng c quyn kinh t, thm lc a c quy nh ti cc vn bn php lut khc; nc
khong, nc nng thin nhin do Lut khong sn quy nh. Phm vi iu chnh ca
Lut Ti nguyn nc bao gm vic qun l, bo v, khai thc, s dng ti nguyn
nc; phng, chng v khc phc hu qu tc hi do nc gy ra. Tuy nhin, Lut cng
dnh mt chng cp ti cc tc hi do nc gy ra, c th l bo, l, lt, hn hn, nc
bin dng, ma , ma a-xit.
Do ch l mt chng trong vn bn lut, nn chng IVLut Ti nguyn nc 1998
ch quy nh nhng ni dung chnh, ch khng i vo chi tit v ton din v cc
khu trong chu trnh qun l Nhng quy nh v phng, chng, khc phc hu qu tc
hi do nc gy ra c quy nh ti chng VII D tho Lut Ti nguyn nc sa i 2011
khng c s thay i ng k so vi nhng quy nh tng thch ti Lut Ti nguyn nc
2008. C th:
Ch c mt quy nh nu trch nhim ca c quan nh nc, t chc, c nhn trong
phng chng lt bo. Quy nh ny ch nu nguyn tc chung (iu 36 Lut Ti nguyn
nc 1998)/ (iu 72 D tho Lut Ti nguyn nc sa i 2011)
Quy nh v lp tiu chun v phng n phng chng l lt: cng ch nu ra v mt
nguyn tc nhim v ca cc cp chnh quyn trong vic lp tiu chun v phng n
phng chng l lt; v trch nhim ca cc c quan kh tng, thu vn trong vic
quan trc, d bo, thng bo tnh hnh l, lt. (iu 37 Lut 1998)/ (iu 73 D
tho)
Chng ny c 1 s quy nh v cng tc phng nga v ng ph, nhng cng rt hn
ch ch khng ton din. Chng hn, v phng nga, iu 38 Lut 1998/ iu 74 D
tho quy nh v vic quy hoch trong vng ngp l; iu 39 Lut 1998/ iu 75 D
tho quy nh vic xy dng h thng h cha nc phc v phng chng l, lt. V ng
ph, iu 40 n 42 Lut 1998/ iu 76 n 78 D tho ch quy nh v vic phn l,
chm l hoc tiu nc, huy ng ngi, phng tin cho cng tc ng ph.
V ti chnh, iu 46 Lut 1998/ iu 84 D tho lit k cc ngun ti chnh phc
v cho cng tc ny nhng khng quy nh c th s dng vo vic g.
Tm li, chng IV Lut ti nguyn nc quy nh mc hn ch c v phm vi ln v
quy m i vi qun l thin tai nn khng th iu chnh cng tc qun l thin tai
hin nay Vit Nam. Bn cnh , trong qu trnh sa i lut ti nguyn nc c nhng
kin cho rng nhng quy nh chng IV cha thc s gn kt vi i tng v phm vi
iu chnh ca Lut ny.
2. Lut iu
Lut iu c hiu lc t 1/7/2007 l lut chuyn ngnh rt quan trng. Lut c
mt s ni dung lin quan n phng chng thin tai nhng ni dung ny b gii hn
bi phm vi iu chnh ca lut. Lut ch quy nh v quy hoch phng, chng l ca
tuyn sng c , quy hoch iu, u t xy dng, tu b, nng cp v kin c ho iu,
qun l bo v , h v s dng . Nh vy vi cc tuyn sng hoc h thng sng, nhng
on b bin, o cha c hoc khng th p th lut ny khng iu chnh. i vi nhng
on b sng, bin, o c cng trnh k bo v chng st l nhng nhng v tr khng c
th cng khng thuc i tng iu chnh ca Lut iu.
3. Php lnh Phng, chng lt bo nm 1993, sa i nm 2000
Php lnh Phng, chng lt, bo, vn bn php lut quan trng nht v phng
chng thin tai, c y ban Thng v Quc Hi Kha IX thng qua ngy 8 thng 3
nm 1993 v Php lnh sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Php lnh Phng, chng lt, bo
c y ban Thng v Quc Hi Kha X thng qua ngy 24 thng 8 nm 2000. Trong
gn 20 nm k t ngy Php lnh Phng, chng lt, bo c ban hnh, Php lnh l cng
c php l quan trng i vi qu trnh pht trin kinh t - x hi.
V phm vi iu chnh, Php lnh ch iu chnh cc loi thin tai sau: l, ngp
lt, nc bin dng, bo, p thp nhit i, lc, st l t do ma, l, bo v sng bin
gy ra (iu 2)
V nguyn tc ch o, cc iu t 4 n 8 khng nh mt s nguyn tc quan trng:
m bo s qun l thng nht ca nh nc; phi c k hoch phng, chng, khc phc,
thch nghi vi lt bo ph hp vi iu kin ca tng vng; ch trng ti gim nh;
huy ng sc mnh ca ton dn. y l nhng quy nh tch cc, cn phi c pht huy
nu xy dng Lut v thin tai.
Php lnh sp xp cc chng tip theo chu trnh qun l thin tai, dnh s
quan tm ng u ti tt c cc giai on:
Chng II (Phng nga): trong chng ny quy nh cng tc phng nga di hn v
ngn hn (tng nm). V di hn, c quy nh v lp quy hoch, tiu chun cho tng
vng, xy dng cc cng trnh phng chng lt bo, quy hoch dn c, sn xut cho
cc vng d b tn thng, tuyn truyn, ph bin i vi ngi dn; Tuy nhin, Php
lnh cha quy nh phi a k hoch phng chng lt bo vo k hoch pht trin kinh
t x hi ca t nc v ca a phng. V ngn hn, Php lnh quy nh vic hun luyn,
chun b d phng phng tin, lng thc; kim tra gim st cc cng trnh phng
chng lt bo. Chnh ph c ban hnh thm Quy ch bo p thp nhit i, bo, l nm
2006 (thay cho Quy ch nm 1996) quy nh chi tit v cng tc thng tin, d
bo lt bo.
Chng III (Chng): chng ny quy nh v trnh t x l khi xy ra lt bo, t
thng tin, bo ng, ra quyt nh ng ph, cc cng vic tin hnh khi ng ph v
huy ng ngi, phng tin;
Chng IV (Khc phc hu qu): chng ny quy nh cc bin php khc phc hu qu
sau bo lt, v nhim v ca cc c quan, cc cp chnh quyn.
Php lnh phn no p ng c cc yu cu ca Hip nh ASEAN v qun l ri ro thm
ho, lin quan ti chu trnh qun l thin tai. Tuy nhin, cng nh nhiu vn
bn php lut khc, Php lnh vn b ng, cha quy nh ni dung v xc nh, nh gi
thm ho ( y l mc thit hi ca lt bo so vi kh nng ca cc a phng). Giai
on chun b ng ph cha c quy nh thnh phn ring m c lng vo cc quy nh v
phng v chng chng II v III.
Ton b chng V quy nh v vn ti chnh, bao gm cc quy nh v ngun ti
chnh t u, dng vo vic g, trch nhim qun l v ti chnh. Mt s vn bn khc c
ban hnh chi tit ho cc quy nh v ti chnh ny, nh: Ngh nh 50/CP v qu
phng chng lt bo a phng; mt s thng t ca B ti chnh v cc vn bn khc iu
chnh v vn ti chnh cho thm ho ni chung.
Ton b chng VI quy nh v qun l nh nc i vi phng chng lt bo. Trong
chng ny, ngoi quy nh v trch nhim ca tng c quan, n v, cn quy nh lp
ra Ban ch o phng chng lt bo trung ng. Chnh ph ban hnh nhiu Ngh nh v
thnh lp v kin ton Ban ch o ny. Gn y nht, thng 2 nm 2010, Chnh ph va
ban hnh Ngh nh 14/2010/N-CP v t chc, nhim v, quyn hn v c ch phi hp
ca Ban ch o phng, chng lt, bo Trung ng, Ban ch huy phng, chng lt,
bo v tm kim cu nn cc B, ngnh v a phng. Ngh nh ny c u im ln l quy nh
mt cch c h thng v vic t chc, nhim v, quyn hn ca cc ban ch huy phng
chng lt bo t trung ng, n a phng, v c bit mi l quy nh v c ch phi hp
gia cc ban ch huy ny. Tuy nhin, c l do yu cu qun l nh nc trc s xut
hin ca nhiu hin tng thin tai mi, nn phm vi thm quyn ca Ban ch o
trung ng c m rng vt qu phm vi ban u, dn n s vnh gia Php lnh v Ngh
nh 14/2010/N-CP.
V trch nhim ca cng ng, mc d phn nguyn tc nhn mnh ti s tham gia
ca cng ng, trch nhim ca t chc, c nhn trong vic phng chng lt bo, bo
v cc cng trnh phc v cng tc ny, song Php lnh khng c quy nh chi tit.
Cc quy nh v khen thng, x pht (chng VII) tuy c lm r hn cc vn bn trc
v trch nhim ca tng nhm, song v cc hnh thc v mc x pht cn chung
chung. c bit, do thiu ch ti x pht nn trong nhiu nm, vic t chc phng
nga, ng ph lt bo trong dn cn cha trit do ngi dn trong nhiu trng hp
khng chp hnh yu cu ca c quan c thm quyn khi lt bo xy ra. Va qua,
thng 1 nm 2010, Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh s 04/2010/N-CP v x pht vi
phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc phng chng lt bo, gip khc phc bt cp
ny.
Tm li, Php lnh phng chng lt bo c th c coi l vn bn kh hon chnh
trong lnh vc phng chng lt bo. Tuy nhin, Php lnh ny khng iu chnh ton
b hot ng phng chng thin tai ni chung Vit Nam do:
Phm vi iu chnh ca Php lnh hp, ch bao gm 11 loi thin tai, ch yu l
cc s c lin quan n nc.
Chnh do phm vi c th ny, nn s iu chnh ca Php lnh cng ch mang tnh
c th, l tp trung vo cc bin php nhm phng nga, ng ph v khc phc hu qu
ca cc thin tai do nc gy ra nh: xy dng h thng ngn nc, chn sng, p, h
cha, phn l, chm l, tiu thot nc Trong khi , nhiu loi thin tai khc
nh: nng nng, hn hn, rt hi, ma , sng mui, ng t, sng thnli i hi cc
bin php ng x khc.
C cu t chc cng thin v qun l cc loi thin tai do nc gy ra, th hin
trc ht tn gi ca Ban ch o phng chng lt bo Trung ng, cng nh c cu bn
trong, vi vai tr thng trc ca Cc iu v phng chng lt bo. B my qun l nh
vy cn hp, cha p ng c yu cu v qun l tt c cc loi thin tai ni
chung.
4. Quy ch phng chng ng t, sng thn 2006
Quy ch ny c Th tng chnh ph quyt nh ban hnh vo nm 2006, trong bi
cnh chu - n Dng va tri qua trn sng thn gy thm ha ln vo nhng ngy cui
nm 2004.
V phm vi iu chnh, Quy ch ny quy nh vic t chc cng tc phng, chng
ng t, sng thn, bao gm cc nhim v phng nga, ng ph v khc phc hu qu khi
xy ra ng t, sng thn (iu 1)
u im th nht l Quy ch c l l mt trong s t vn bn quy nh phi a phng
chng ng t, sng thn vo k hoch pht trin kinh t x hi ti cc vng c nguy
c ng t v sng thn (iu 3)
u im th hai ca vn bn ny l quy nh y cc giai on trong chu trnh qun
l thin tai, bao gm:
Phng nga (iu 2 n 7): quy nh v vic phn vng ng t, sng thn; a vo
quy hoch pht trin vng; xy dng cc cng trnh phng nga, lp cc phng n
phng chng; tuyn truyn, gio dc.
ng ph (chng II): thng tin, cnh bo; t chc ng ph, s tn, tm kim, cu
nn. ng thi, Th tng chnh ph cng ban hnh mt vn bn ring v cng tc d bo,
thng tin, cnh bo ng t, sng thn, l Quy ch thng tin ng t, cnh bo sng
thn 2006.
Khc phc hu qu (chng III): t chc, bin php, kinh ph cho khc phc hu
qu
Quy ch cng quy nh v trch nhim ca chnh quyn cc cp v vn khen thng,
x pht.
Tng t nh nhiu vn bn khc v thin tai, Quy ch cha quy nh cc bin php
ch ti nhm m bo ngi dn s tun theo ch o ca cc lc lng c thm quyn trong
phng chng ng t, sng thn, mc d vic ny rt quan trng. Cc bin php khen
thng, x pht cng quy nh chung chung. Vn huy ng lc lng, phng tin cng
cn b ng.
V qun l nh nc, BC phng chng lt bo trung ng hin ang c giao nhim v
qun l c v vn ng t, sng thn, nhng dng nh vn ny cha ph hp vi thc lc
hin nay ca BC v cng t ra mt yu cu cp thit v nng cp h thng cc c quan
qun l trong lnh vc ny.
Tm li, mc d c nhng u im nu trn, song Quy ch phng chng ng t, sng
thn cng ch l vn bn iu chnh hp i vi 2 loi thin tai l ng t v sng thn.
B my qun l i vi 2 loi thin tai ny cng cn nhng im cn hon thin.5. Ngh
nh 14/2010/N-CP quy nh v t chc, nhim v, quyn hn v c ch phi hp ca
Ban Ch o phng, chng lt, bo Trung ng; Ban Ch huy phng, chng lt, bo v
Tm kim cu nn cc B, ngnh v a phng
Ngh nh 14/2010 ra i nhm b sung cho Php lnh phng chng lt bo
1993-2000 trong vic quy nh c th v c cu t chc, chc nng, nhim v, quyn
hn ca Ban ch o phng chng lt bo Trung ng, a phng v phi hp gia cc c
quan nh nc trong vic phng chng lt bo. Ngh nh gm 24 iu, c chia thnh
7 chng.
Chng I bao gm nhng quy nh chung. Trong , c th, phm vi iu chnh ca
Ngh nh bao gm nhng quy nh v t chc, nhim v v quyn hn ca Ban ch o
phng, chng lt, bo Trung ng; Ban ch huy phng, chng lt, bo v Tm kim
cu nn cc B, ngnh v a phng; c ch phi hp vn hnh trong ng ph vi cc tnh
hung thin tai. Phm vi iu chnh ca Ngh nh ny khng ch gii hn trong l
lt m m rng ra 13 loi thin tai c lit k ti iu 3, trong bao gm c ng t,
sng thn. i tng p dng s l tt c cc c quan, t chc, c nhn trong nc v nc
ngoi ang sinh sng v lm vic trn lnh th v cc vng bin, o ca Vit
Nam.
Chng II quy nh c th v c cu t chc v nhim v ca Ban ch o phng chng
lt bo Trung ng v Ban ch huy phng chng lt bo v tm kim cu nn cc B,
ngnh a phng.
Chng III quy nh v quyn hn ca Ban ch o phng chng lt bo Trung ng v
Ban ch huy phng chng lt bo v tm kim cu nn cc B, ngnh v a phng.
Chng IV quy nh v vic phi hp gia cc B ban ngnh trong cc d bo,
phng chng (iu 14, 15) ng ph (iu 16), phi hp trong cu h, tm kim cu
nn (iu 17) v khi phc, ti thit sau thin tai (iu 18). V mt nguyn tc,
cc c quan c lin quan s phi hp trn nguyn tc ch huy thng nht, phn cng
c th, ch ng, kp thi, ph hp vi din bin thc t ca thin tai (iu
13).
Chng V quy nh v ngun ti chnh bo m cho hot ng ch o phng chng lt
bo v cu h, cu nn. Theo ngun ti chnh duy nht c quy nh l Ngn sch nh
nc. Mc ch ca ngn sch ny c lit k ti iu 19, tuy nhin khng c quy nh c
th c quan no s trc tip qun l v s dng ngun Ngn sch ny.
Chng VI bao gm 2 iu v Khen thng v x pht nhng ch nu mt cch chung
chung rng ty theo thnh tch s c khen thng, ty theo mc vi phm s c x
pht; khng c quy nh c th v cc hnh thc, mc khen thng, x pht, bin php
ch ti thc thi cng nh c quan chc nng no s chu trch nhim trong vic
khen thng, x pht.
Chng VII quy nh v Hiu lc v Trch nhim thi hnh Ngh nh.
6. Ngh nh s 50/1997/N-CP v Quy ch thnh lp v hot ng ca Qu phng,
chng lt, bo ca a phng
Ngh nh 50/1997/N-CP quy nh v quy ch thnh lp v hot ng ca Qu phng,
chng lt, bo ca a phng. Theo quy nh ca Ngh nh, cc t chc v c nhn c tr
ti a phng c ngha v n gp hng nm theo quy nh ca php lut. Ngoi cc khon
ng gp bt buc t ngi dn a phng, Qu phng, chng lt bo ca a phng cng c
quyn tip nhn mi khon t nguyn ng h ca cc t chc, c nhn trong v ngoi
nc. Qu phng, chng lt bo ca a phng khng bao gm Qu ngy cng lao ng cng
ch. Qu phng chng lt, bo a phng ch c s dng h tr vic tu b iu, phng,
chng, v khc phc hu qu lt, bo. Qu do y ban nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc
thuc Trung ng qun l s dng ti a phng v c s dng tr gip cc a phng khc
khi c lt, bo xy ra. Qu chu s qun l Nh nc v ti chnh ca c quan ti
chnh cp trn, Qu c m ti khon ring ti Kho bc Nh nc.Trn thc t, cc quy
nh ca Ngh nh 50, sau 15 nm p dng b l nhiu bt cp. Vic xc nh mc tin
ng gp l s tin tng ng 1-2 kg thc tu i tng tnh theo gi thc thu thu s
dng t nng nghip ti thi im thu (i vi cng dn) v 0,02% tng s vn sn xut
kinh doanh i vi doanh nghip (iu 9) khng cn cp nht vi tnh hnh thu
nhp hin nay. Quy nh Ch tch UBND ng tn ti khon cho Qu ny (iu 4) to
ra kh khn cho vic s dng qu v khng thc hin c trn thc t (theo kt qu
iu tra cc a phng). Mt khc, thc t nhiu a phng khng trin khai thu
theo Ngh nh ny do hiu nhm l vi chnh sch bi b ph, l ph hoc khng th
thu c t ngi dn hoc doanh nghip do thiu ch ti x pht. Ngoi ra, nhng a
phng m ngi dn c kh nng ng gp th thng khng hay chu thin tai, trong
khi nhng a phng hay phi chu thin tai, th ngi dn li qu ngho, khng kh
nng ng gp.Tm li, cc quy nh v qu phng chng lt, bo ti a phng cha p ng
c yu cu thc tin, cha to ra c ngun kinh ph p ng hot ng phng chng lt,
bo ni ring v phng chng thin tai ni chung ti a phng.7. Ngh nh v phng
chy v cha chy rng 2006
Phm vi iu chnh ca vn bn ny thu hp lnh vc chy rng: iu 1 quy nh
Ngh nh ny quy nh v phng chy, cha chy rng, t chc lc lng, trang b
phng tin, u t kinh ph, ch , chnh sch cho hot ng phng chy v cha chy
rng; trch nhim ca chnh quyn cc cp, cc c quan, t chc, h gia nh v c
nhn trong hot ng phng chy v cha chy rng.
u im th nht ca Ngh nh ny l quy nh rt r trch nhim ca tng i tng c
lin quan, t cc cp chnh quyn, cc t chc, cho ti ngi dn: ch rng (iu
4), ngi ng u cc c quan, t chc, ng, hot ng trong rng, ven rng (iu
5), ch h gia nh sinh sng trong rng, ven rng (iu 6), c nhn hot ng
trong rng, ven rng (iu 7).
u im th hai l quy nh chi tit giai on phng nga v ng ph trong chu
trnh qun l chy rng, bao gm:
Phng nga chy rng (chng II): ra cc tiu ch, trch nhim, bin php
phng nga chy rng.
Cha chy rng (chng III): ra cc bin php, yu cu v lp phng n, trch
nhim v huy ng ngi, phng tin v ch p dng cho ngi, phng tin c huy
ng
B sung thm vo Ngh nh ny, c th k ti Quyt nh ca B trng NN&PTNT
Ban hnh quy nh v cp d bo, bo ng v bin php t chc thc hin phng chy,
cha chy rng (2000), iu chnh vn d bo, bo ng v chi tit ho cc bin php
cn thc hin phng v cha chy rng.u im th ba l Ngh nh quy nh chi tit v
vic t chc lc lng v qun l trang thit b, phng tin phng chy, cha chy
rng (chng IV). V im ny, nhiu vn bn, k c Php lnh phng, chng lt, bo,
cng cha c c.
V ti chnh, Ngh nh cng dnh mt chng (chng V) quy nh v u t ti chnh
cho hot ng phng chy, cha chy rng.
V qun l nh nc, bn cnh chng VI quy nh v trch nhim ca cc c quan
cng quyn trong qun l chy rng, th cn c thm Quyt nh ca B trng B
NN&PTNT ban hnh Quy ch hot ng ca Ban ch o Trung ng v cc vn cp
bch trong bo v rng v phng chy, cha chy rng (2007). Nh vy, mt b my v
c ch hon chnh v phng chy, cha chy rng c quy nh.
Nhng im cn hon thin: Ngh nh khng quy nh g v giai on phc hi, ti
thit sau chy rng, l giai on rt quan trng. Cc quy nh v trng mi rng,
phc hi rng c th c tm thy trong Lut bo v v pht trin rng 2004 v nhiu
vn bn, chnh sch ca Nh nc v pht trin rng. Song vn l thiu st nu mt vn
bn trc tip quy nh v qun l chy rng li khng nhc g ti giai on ti thit
ny.
Tm li, mc d c nhng u im nu trn, nhng vn bn ny ch c phm vi iu
chnh l phng chng chy rng nn khng th iu chnh bao qut tt c cc loi
thin tai.
8. Ngh nh thi hnh Php lnh tnh trng khn cp trong trng hp c thm ho
ln, dch bnh nguy him 2002
Ngh nh (v Php lnh) c phm vi iu chnh l tnh trng khn cp, tuy nhin
vn bn ny cng s lin quan n lnh vc phng chng thin tai trong nhng trng
hp thin tai dn n tnh trng khn cp.Theo phm vi iu chnh ti iu 1, Ngh
nh quy nh v vic thi hnh Ngh quyt ca UBTVQH hoc Lnh ca Ch tch nc ban
b tnh trng khn cp khi c thm ho ln, dch bnh nguy him v p dng cc bin
php c bit. Nh vy, Ngh nh ch tp trung vo giai on ng ph, khc phc sm
khng quy nh v phng nga, gim nh cng nh ti thit sau thm ho.
Ngh nh ra cc nguyn tc ti iu 2, trong nhn mnh ti s ch o tp trung
ca Th tng chnh ph, ch trng cng tc ng cu, huy ng sc mnh ton dn. Cc
nguyn tc ny phn nh c tnh cht khn cp trong cc hot ng m Ngh nh iu
chnh.
Ngh nh ch quy nh v vn a tin v tnh hnh thm ho, dch bnh (iu 3), ch
khng quy nh v d bo, cnh bo sm, iu ny c gii thch l do phm vi iu chnh
ca Ngh nh l cc cng tc din ra khi thm ho xy ra.
V qun l nh nc, Ngh nh quy nh lp ra Ban ch o do Th tng hoc mt ph
th tng lm trng ban (iu 4). Ban ch o ny ch c tnh v vic, c lp ra khi
c thm ho v t ng gii tn khi ht nhim v. Nh vy, khng c mt c quan thng
trc v qun l thm ho.
Ngh nh ch quy nh v vn gii quyt, bi thng cc phng tin, ti sn c
trng dng ng ph thm ho (iu 8), khng c quy nh mt c ch qun l i vi ngi,
phng tin, thit b thng xuyn cho cng tc ny. Nh ta bit, phi c cc lc
lng v phng tin thng xuyn mi m bo tnh kp thi v hiu qu ca cng tc chun
b ng ph, ng ph v gii quyt hu qu.
V cc bin php p dng (chng III, mc 1), do phm vi iu chnh ch gii hn
ng ph v khc phc sm, do , cc bin php p dng cng ch gii hn hai giai on
ng ph v khc phc sm trong chu trnh tng th v qun l thm ho.
Quy nh v ti chnh rt khim tn. Ti iu 6 (khon 3) ch quy nh B ti
chnh c trch nhim h tr kp thi kinh ph t ngn sch nh nc khc phc hu qu
thm ho, dch bnh theo quyt nh ca Th tng chnh ph. Nh vy, khng c ngun
ti chnh thng xuyn cho cng tc ng ph, khc phc sm thm ho ni ring v cng
tc qun l thm ho ni chung. Ngn sch nh nc c th c s dng vo vic ny nhng
phi theo quyt nh ca Th tng v tu vo tng trng hp mt.
Tm li, ngay t phm vi iu chnh, Ngh nh khng phi l vn bn iu chnh
trc tip v thin tai. Nu xt t gc qun l thm ha th, nh phn tch trn, y
cng cha phi l vn bn iu chnh ton din v qun l thm ho. S iu chnh ca
Ngh nh cn gii hn c v phm vi iu chnh, ti chnh, c cu t chc, ln cc hot
ng tin hnh.
9. Ngh nh v phng th dn s 2008
Khc vi vi cc vn bn trn, phm vi iu chnh ca Ngh nh phng th dn s li
rt rng, thin tai ( mc thm ha) ch l mt trong nhng ni dung iu chnh ca
Ngh nh ny. Theo iu 1, Ngh nh phng th dn s quy nh v nhim v; c ch bo
m u t; t chc, hun luyn; phng chng khc phc hu qu cc loi v kh cng ngh
cao, v kh ht nhn, v kh ho hc, sinh hc (gi chung l v kh hy dit ln) v
cc thm ha do thin nhin hoc con ngi gy ra;
i vi cng tc qun l thm ho th Ngh nh ny va rng li va hp. Rng hn ch
Ngh nh khng ch iu chnh v thm ho, m cn iu chnh c cc trng hp v v
trang ni chung. Hp hn ch khng quy nh v giai on ti thit sau thm ha v
mt b my qun l v thm ho.
Ngh nh l vn bn php l u tin v duy nht ca Vit Nam a ra nh ngha v
thm ho (ti iu 3 - l nhng bin ng do thin nhin, dch bnh nguy him hoc
do con ngi gy ra hoc do hu qu chin tranh lm thit hi nghim trng v
ngi, ti sn, mi trng t nhin). nh ngha ny kh tng ng vi cc nh ngha quc
t v khu vc, nhng cha tnh n mi tng quan gia mc trm trng ca thin tai,
dch bnh, con ngi, vi mc d b tn thng ca tng cng ng khc nhau, c th l
kh nng phc hi sau thm ho.
V nguyn tc ch o, iu 4 nhn mnh phng chm da vo cng ng v ch trng
giai on phng nga. y l mt u im ca vn bn.
Ngh nh ch quy nh chung v qun l nh nc i vi phng th dn s (trong c
thm ho), trch nhim ca tng c quan, t chc (iu 5 ti 7). Nhng Ngh nh li
khng quy nh lp ra mt b my qun l chuyn bit. iu ny c th dn ti kh khn
trong vic trin khai, gim st cc hot ng thng xuyn.
Mt u im ca vn bn l ch trng ti khu phng nga, do , Ngh nh dnh nhiu
quy nh cho cng tc: tp hun, quy hoch, xy dng cc cng trnh d phng, d
bo, cnh bo, qun l phng tin, ch i vi ngi tham gia (chng II).
Ngh nh cng quy nh rt chi tit v vic xy dng k hoch ng ph, c ch x l
thm ho, c ch x l thng tin v thm ho (mc 3, chng II).
V huy ng ngi, phng tin, thit b v ch ph cp, qun l Ngh nh cng quy
nh rt chi tit (iu 23 n 27).
V ti chnh, Ngh nh quy nh 3 ngun: Ngn sch nh nc (c d ton hng nm),
ngn sch a phng, ngun ngn sch ca doanh nghip (iu 28). Ngh nh cng quy
nh r ngun ti chnh c chi vo nhng vic g (iu 29)
Tm li, nhn chung Ngh nh c s iu chnh kh ton din v chi tit i vi
phng th dn s ni chung v thm ho ni ring. Tuy nhin, y vn cha th coi l
vn bn iu chnh v thm ho, bi nhiu l do:
Th nht, y ch mi l mt vn bn di lut.
Th hai, do phm vi iu chnh l v phng th dn s, nn vn bn ny thin v
tnh cht quc phng, c t di Lut quc phng, B quc phng ng vai tr l c
quan ch cht (iu 4.1). Trong khi , qun l thm ho cn phi c nhn mt cch
rng hn.
Th ba, Ngh nh tp trung vo cng tc phng nga, gim nh v ng ph, l mt
iu rt tt, song li khng ch trng ti cng tc ti thit, phc hi sm sau thm
ho. Do , xt v chu trnh qun l thm ho th vn bn ny vn cha y .
Th ba, v mt qun l nh nc, Ngh nh khng quy nh mt c quan qun l
ring. Nu c mt c quan c lp ra, th vn thm ho cng ch l mt trong s nhiu
ni dung qun l. Trong khi , qun l thm ho cn phi c xem xt mt cch ring
bit do tnh cht quan trng ca n.
10. Tiu kt
Cc vn bn hin c hiu lc v phng chng thin tai hoc v qun l thm ha c
lin quan n thin tai c r sot trong phn ny cng nh trong cc nghin cu c
thc hin trong qu trnh xy dng Lut u ch c phm vi iu chnh hp i vi mt s
loi thin tai, dn ti c cu t chc v cch thc iu chnh cng th hin c th ca
cng tc phng chng loi thin tai c lin quan. Trong trng hp xy ra ng
thi nhiu loi thin tai, th c ch phi hp cha c quy nh c th. C th nhn
thy mt s bt cp di y v khung php lut hin hnh v phng chng thin
tai.
Th nht, cha c mt vn bn lut thng nht iu chnh tng th cng tc phng
chng thin tai.
Quan trng nht trong lnh vc phng chng thin tai l Php lnh Phng,
chng lt, bo nm 1993, sa i b sung nm 2000 mi ch iu chnh 11 loi thin
tai lin quan n nc. Ngh nh 14/2010/N-CP m rng phm vi iu chnh thm i
vi hai loi thin tai l ng t v sng thn. Cc vn bn quy phm php lut khc
thng ch dnh mt s iu khon hoc chng quy nh v cc vn c lin quan n phng
chng thin tai. Mt s loi thin tai thng xuyn xy ra nhng cha c vn bn
php lut no iu chnh nh xm nhp mn, nng nng, hn hn, rt hi Cc vn bn php
lut ny cng cha tnh n cc dng thin tai c th pht sinh trong tng lai do
bin i kh hu. Ngoi ra, vi phng php tip cn n l i vi tng loi thin tai,
cc c quan son tho thng tp trung vo nhim v qun l ca ngnh xy dng vn
bn. Cc yu t lin quan n thin tai tuy c c cp trong vn bn nhng ch phm
vi hp i vi lnh vc qun l ca tng b, ngnh nh Lut iu, Lut Ti nguyn
nc...
Th hai, h thng vn bn cng knh nhng cha y , c th gy chng cho. Cc
nghin cu tng th cho thy, lin quan n phng chng lt bo ni ring c n hn
50 vn bn php lut v php quy (xem Ph lc 1). H thng cc vn bn php lut
trong lnh vc ny kh cng knh, c th gy chng cho v kh khn nht nh khi p
dng. V d, ring trong lnh vc phng chng lt bo, nhiu vn bn cc cp khc
nhau iu chnh cc phm vi v mc khc nhau nh Php lnh phng chng lt bo iu
chnh cng tc phng chng i vi l, ngp lt, nc bin dng, bo, p thp nhit i,
lc, st l t do ma, l, bo v sng bin gy ra. Lut Ti nguyn nc (chng IV)
cng quy nh v phng chng cc tai nn lin quan ti nc, bao gm lt, bo,
ngoi ra cn iu chnh thm v hn hn, xm nhp mn, nc bin dng, trn, ma , ma
a-xt (khng thuc phm vi iu chnh ca Php lnh phng chng lt bo). Thng t
ca B Giao thng Vn ti v phng chng, khc phc hu qu lt bo trong hot ng
ng st quy nh ring v t chc cng tc phng chng lt bo trong ngnh ng st,
trong , b sung thm mt s hin tng khc nh lc, v , v p h cha nc... i vi
mi loi thin tai thng xuyn xy ra, Nh nc ban hnh cc vn bn quy phm php
lut c phm vi iu chnh gii hn trong tng loi thin tai . V d, lt bo v
cc thin tai lin quan n nc c iu chnh ti Lut ti nguyn nc, chng IV
(2002) v Php lnh Phng, chng lt bo (2000); ng t, sng thn c quy nh ti
Quy ch phng chng ng t, sng thn do Chnh ph ban hnh (2006); chy rng c
quy nh Ngh nh v phng chy v cha chy rng (2006). Tuy nhin, h thng vn
bn cng knh ny vn nhng khong trng cha c iu chnh. Mt s loi thin tai
thng xy ra Vit Nam v tc ng khng nh ti i sng kinh t, x hi nhng li
cha c vn bn ring iu chnh nh: nng nng, hn hn, rt hi, xm nhp mn. Hoc
nhng bin php m bo cho qu trnh phng chng thin tai din ra hiu qu nh
cng ch di di cha c quy nh. c bit, trong trng hp cng mt lc xy ra
nhiu s c th vn thiu nhng quy nh phi hp thc thi tng th.
Th ba, cc quy nh v cc lnh vc c th cn chung chung hoc nm ri rc
nhiu vn bn, kh cho vic tra cu, vn dng v thc thi. Cc quy nh php lut
v cc lnh vc c th trong chu trnh phng nga, ng ph v khc phc hu qu nh
qun l ti chnh, iu phi cc hot ng cu tr, huy ng ngi, phng tin cho cng
tc phng chng thin tai, mc d c xy dng kh y , song u nm ri rc rt nhiu
vn bn, khin cho vic tra cu, vn dng rt kh khn.
Th t, cc quy nh v x l vi phm i vi trng hp khng thc hin cc mnh
lnh, hng dn ca c quan c thm quyn khi xy ra thin tai c ban hnh nhng
phm vi p dng cn gii hn v quy nh cn chung chung, khin cho thc ca ngi
dn trong vic tun th cha cao. Hin chnh ph ban hnh mt s Ngh nh v x
pht vi phm hnh chnh trong phng chng thin tai nh Ngh nh 04/2010/N-CP
ngy 15/1/2010 ca Chnh ph Quy nh x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc
phng, chng lt, bo v Ngh nh 129/2007/N-CP ngy 2/8/2007 ca Chnh ph
Quy nh x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc iu. Cc vn bn ny to thun
li hn cho vic trin khai cc bin php phng chng thin tai, xc nh r rng
ch ti i vi cc c nhn, t chc c hnh vi vi phm. Song, cc vn bn v x pht
vi phm hnh chnh ny ch p dng vi tng loi thin tai ring bit v cng mi
ch gii hn mt s loi thin tai nh lt, bo, vi phm iu nn mc tc ng cn
hp.
Tm li, t nhng phn tch nu trn c th thy vic nng cp Php lnh Phng
chng lt bo n thun thnh lut m khng c s m rng v phm vi iu chnh cng nh
b sung nhng quy nh cn thit p ng yu cu thc tin l khng kh thi. Vic
son tho Lut v phng chng thin tai nhm thng nht qun l nh nc i vi bt c
loi thin tai no c th xy ra Vit Nam, i km vi l mt b my qun l tng xng
l v cng cn thit. Bn cnh , mi vn bn hin hnh v thin tai u c nhng im
mnh, cn c pht huy.II.Tng kt thi hnh Php lnh Phng, chng lt, bo
1993-2000 v cc vn bn php lut c lin quanNhm nh gi kt qu thi hnh Php
lnh phng, chng lt, bo cng nh cc vn bn php lut c lin quan trong lnh
vc phng chng thin tai nhm xc nh nhng bt cp, hn ch, tn ti v nguyn
nhn, xut cc gii php nhm tng cng hiu qu cng tc phng, chng lt, bo ni
ring v cng tc phng chng thin tai ni chung, phc v cho vic xy dng D n
Lut Phng chng thin tai v thc hin Chin lc phng, chng v gim nh thin
tai n nm 2020, theo Quyt nh s 172/2007/Q-TTg ngy 16 thng 11 nm 2007
ca Th tng Chnh ph, B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn giao Tng cc Thy
li ch o vic tng kt thc hin php lut v phng chng thin tai. Tng Cc Thy
li c vn bn s 1027/BNN-TCTL ngy 4 thng 5 nm 2011 hng dn v ch o vic
tng kt thc hin Php lnh Phng, chng lt, bo.
B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn nhn c bo co ca 25 tnh/thnh ph, n
v v t chc hi ngh Tng kt ngy 26/12/2011. Trn c s cc bo co v kt qu
tho lun ti hi ngh tng kt, B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn xin bo co
v kin ngh vi Th tng v cng tc phng, chng lt, bo nh sau:
1. Nhng kt qu t c
Trong qu trnh trin khai thc hin nhim v phng, chng lt, bo, tun th
cc qui nh ca Php lnh Phng, chng lt, bo v cc vn bn php lut lin quan,
cn c iu kin t nhin, x hi v nhng dng thin tai thng xuyn tc ng; kinh
nghim t chc phng, chng, ng ph, khc phc hu qu, cc cp, cc ngnh xy dng
qui hoch, k hoch pht trin kinh t x hi c xt n tc ng ca thin tai v xy
dng k hoch hnh ng v phng, chng thin tai. Hng nm cc cp, cc ngnh t
Trung ng n c s u xy dng k hoch phng, chng thin tai c th i vi tng
ngnh, lnh vc v tng cp.
Trn c s k hoch v t thc t din bin ca thin tai cc cp, cc ngnh t
chc trin khai cc bin php ng ph v khc phc hu, tng kt rt kinh nghim v
ra k hoch cho nm tip theo. Ban Ch o Phng, chng lt bo Trung ng v y
ban Quc gia Tm kim cu nn ch o cc b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc
Chnh ph v y ban nhn dn cp tnh xy dng k hoch, trin khai cc bin php
thc hin k hoch v t chc ng ph, khc phc hu qu thin tai. Kt qu t c i
vi nhim v Phng, chng lt, bo v Tm kim cu nn l rt ln, th hin trn cc
mt ch yu sau y:
1.1. V t chc trin khai v ban hnh vn bn php lut
Php lnh Phng, chng lt, bo c ban hnh ngy 8-3-1993. p ng yu cu ca
thc t, Php lnh ny c sa i, b sung mt ln vo nm 2000. ng thi, Chnh ph
cng ban hnh ba Ngh nh quy nh chi tit v mt s vn ca Php lnh Phng,
chng lt, bo: Ngh nh 08/2006/N-CP quy nh chi tit mt s iu ca Php lnh
Phng, chng lt, bo sa i, b sung ngy 24 thng 8 nm 2000; Ngh nh
50/N-CP quy nh v quy ch thnh lp v hot ng ca Qu Phng chng lt bo ca a
phng; Ngh nh 14/2000/N-CP quy nh v t chc, nhim v, quyn hn v c ch
phi hp ca Ban ch o Phng, chng lt, bo trung ng, Ban ch huy Phng,
chng lt, bo v Tm kim cu nn ca cc b, ngnh v a phng. Ngh nh
14/2000/N-CP thay th cho Ngh nh 168/1990/N-HBT trc y v t chc, nhim
v ca Ban ch o v Ban ch huy Phng, chng lt, bo cc cp, ngnh.
Trc yu cu cp bch ca cng tc phng chng thin tai trong bi cnh bin i
kh hu, Th tng Chnh ph ban hnh Quyt nh s 172/2007/Q-TTg ngy 16 thng
11 nm 2007 ph duyt Chin lc quc gia v Phng, chng v Gim nh thin tai n
nm 2020. Ngoi ra, Chnh ph cng ban hnh Ngh nh s 62/1999/N-CP ngy
31/7/1999 Ban hnh Qui ch v Phn l, chm l thuc h thng sng Hng bo v an
ton cho th H Ni. ng thi, Chnh ph cng cc b, ngnh hu quan ban hnh
nhiu quyt nh v c ch, chnh sch lin quan n cng tc phng, chng thin
tai; pht trin kinh t - x hi v pht trin c s h tng i vi cc vng sng
chung vi l; vng thng xuyn b ngp l; vng phn l, chm l, chnh sch h tr
khi ngi dn b nh hng do thin tai, chnh sch, c ch u t cc chng trnh, d
n nh trng, bo v v chm sc rng u ngun, rng phng h ven bin, chng trnh
cng c nng cp bin, chng trnh trng mi 5 triu hecta rng, chng trnh xy
dng cc h cha; chng trnh xy dng cc khu tr, trnh cho tu, thuyn, chng
trnh v trang thit b thng tin v ph sng di ng thng tin k c thng thit
b thng tin i vi tu hot ng nh bt hi sn trn bin Khi xy ra thin tai,
Chnh ph kp thi quyt nh h tr khn cp v kinh ph, lng thc, ngun ging
gip cc a phng n nh i sng nhn dn, khi phc cc cng trnh h tng v phc hi
sn xut.
Hng nm Th tng Chnh ph, Trng Ban Ch o Phng chng lt, bo Trung ng,
Ch tch y ban quc gia tm kim cu nn, B trng, th trng c quan ngang b,
c quan thuc Chnh ph, ch tch y ban nhn dn cp tnh ra Ch th v cng tc
Phng, chng, gim nh thin tai v tm kim cu nn, ng thi cc cp, cc ngnh
ch o vic xy dng, ph duyt k hoch v phng n phng, chng v gim nh thin
tai theo thm quyn lm c s cho vic trin khai thc hin.
Bn cnh lt, bo v cc dng thin tai lin quan n nc, Th tng Chnh ph
cng ban hnh hai quyt nh c th v ng t, sng thn: Quyt nh
264/2006/Q-TTg ban hnh quy ch bo tin ng t, cnh bo sng thn v Quyt nh
78/2007/Q-TTg ban hnh quy ch phng, chng ng t, sng thn.
1.2. V t chc v i ng ngi lm cng tc phng, chng lt, bo
1.2.1. T chc phng chng thin tai Trung ng
Phng chng thin tai l mt lnh vc lin ngnh, v vy m bo hiu qu hot ng
ca cng tc ny cp trung ng, Ban ch o phng, chng lt, bo trung ng c
thnh lp. Ban Ch o phng, chng lt, bo Trung ng l c quan tham mu, gip
Chnh ph, Th tng Chnh ph trong vic n c, ch o iu hnh cng tc phng nga,
ng ph v khc phc hu qu thin tai trn phm vi c nc. Ban Ch o phng, chng
lt, bo Trung ng gm B trng B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn lm Trng
ban, ba Ph Trng ban l Th trng B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn (Ph
Trng ban thng trc), Ph Ch nhim Vn phng Chnh ph v Ph Tng Tham mu
trng Qun i nhn dn Vit Nam v cc u vin l i din lnh o cc B, ngnh: Nng
nghip v Pht trin nng thn, Ti nguyn v Mi trng, Cng an, K hoch v u t,
Ti chnh, Cng Thng, Gio dc v o to, Thng tin v Truyn thng, Vn ha, Th
thao v Du lch, Xy dng, Giao thng vn ti, Y t, Khoa hc v Cng ngh,
Ngoi giao, Lao ng Thng binh v X hi, i Truyn hnh Vit Nam, i Ting ni
Vit Nam. Cn c yu cu cng tc, Trng Ban Ch o phng, chng lt, bo Trung
ng quyt nh b sung lnh o mt s c quan, t chc c lin quan tham gia Ban
Ch o phng, chng lt, bo Trung ng. Ban ch o Phng, chng lt, bo trung
ng hin nay c 29 thnh vin (Ph lc 2).
B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn l c quan thng trc ca Ban Ch o
phng, chng lt, bo Trung ng. Ban c Vn phng thng trc do Cc Qun l iu v
Phng, chng lt, bo kim nhim. Tr s chnh ca Vn phng thng trc t ti H
Ni, c hai i din vng l hai Trung tm phng, chng lt, bo t ti thnh ph H
Ch Minh v thnh ph Nng.
1.2.2. T chc phng chng thin tai a phng
Ban Ch huy phng, chng lt, bo v tm kim cu nn l c quan c chc nng
cp tnh, cp huyn, cp x do Ch tch y ban nhn dn cng cp thnh lp, tham
mu gip y ban nhn dn cng cp trong vic kim tra, n c, ch huy iu hnh
cng tc phng nga, ng ph v khc phc hu qu thin tai trong phm vi a
phng. Thnh vin ca Ban Ch huy phng, chng lt, bo v tm kim cu nn a
phng gm trng ban l Ch tch hoc Ph Ch tch y ban nhn dn cng cp, hai Ph
Trng ban l Gim c S Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn (Ph Trng ban thng
trc cp tnh) v th trng c quan qun s a phng, Th trng c quan Bin phng
a phng i vi cc a phng, cc y vin l lnh o cc c quan lin quan n cng tc
phng, chng lt, bo v tm kim cu nn ca a phng. i vi cp x, thnh vin l
cc cn b chuyn mn ph trch cc lnh vc lin quan lm y vin.
S Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn l c quan thng trc ca Ban Ch huy
phng, chng lt, bo v tm kim cu nn cp tnh. Ban c Vn phng thng trc, c
s dng c quan qun l v iu, thy li ca S Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn
kim nhim.
Cn c iu kin c th ca a phng, Ch tch y ban nhn dn cp huyn quyt nh
phng chc nng thuc y ban nhn dn cp huyn lm Vn phng thng trc v c cp
kinh ph hot ng.
Theo thng k ca B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn, tnh n nay, 33
tnh/thnh ph thnh lp Ban ch huy phng, chng lt, bo v tm kim cu nn cp
tnh/thnh ph, vi tng s cn b lm nhim v (kim nhim) phng chng thin tai
l 855 cn b. Trong , 9 ch tch u ban nhn dn tnh v 24 ph ch tch u ban
nhn dn tnh lm trng cc ban ch huy phng, chng lt, bo v tm kim cu nn
(Ph lc 3).
1.2.3. T chc phng chng thin tai ti cc b, ngnh
Ti cc b, ngnh, Ban Ch huy phng, chng lt, bo v Tm kim cu nn cc B,
ngnh do Th trng cc B, ngnh thnh lp, tham mu gip B trng, Th trng cc
ngnh trong cng tc n c, ch o iu hnh cng tc phng nga, ng ph v khc phc
hu qu thin tai thuc phm vi chc nng, nhim v ca B. Ban Ch huy phng,
chng lt, bo v tm kim cu nn cc B, ngnh gm cc thnh vin: mt lnh o B,
ngnh lm Trng Ban Ch huy phng, chng lt, bo v tm kim cu nn ca B,
ngnh. Cn c c cu t chc ca tng B, ngnh, B trng, Th trng ngnh quyt nh
v s lng, c cu, nhim v cc thnh vin ca Ban cho ph hp. Cn c chc nng,
nhim v c giao v yu cu cng tc phng, chng, lt bo v tm kim cu nn, B
trng, Th trng cc ngnh quyt nh vic thnh lp Vn phng thng trc phng,
chng lt, bo v tm kim cu nn.
1.3. V hot ng phng, chng lt, bo
1.3.1. Hot ng phng nga
Hot ng phng nga c quy nh ti Chin lc quc gia v phng, chng, gim nh
thin tai, v cc ni dung qui nh ti cc iu 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. 14, 15,
16, 17 ca Php lnh Phng, chng lt, bo. Lnh o cc cp, ngnh nhn thc r
trch nhim ca a phng, ngnh v n v trong cng tc phng chng lt bo, gim
nh thin tai i vi cp mnh, ngnh mnh v cng ng.
Thng qua h thng cc phng tin thng tin i chng v cng tc truyn thng,
cng tc tuyn truyn, gio dc php lut, ph bin kin thc, kinh nghim nng
cao nhn thc cng ng v phng, chng v gim nh thin tai ngy cng c ch trng
v tng bc c nng cao. T chc o to cng ng n cp c s thng qua cc d n do
cc t chc trong v ngoi nc ti tr. Hng nm cc cn b lm cng tc phng, chng
thin tai t trung ng n a phng u c tp hun v chuyn mn, nghip v v ph
bin cc ni dung ca php lut lin quan, hng dn cng tc kim tra, thanh
tra pht hin v x l cc vi phm php lut i vi lnh vc phng, chng thin tai
nh Lut iu; Php lnh Phng, chng lt, bo; Php lnh qun l khai thc cng
trnh thy li. Cc ngnh lin quan v cc cp thng xuyn t chc din tp theo
tng chuyn b sung, hon thin cc phng n nh din tp tm kim cu nn, din tp
v h , din tp hon thin phng n v c ch vn hnh phn l, chm l, din tp s
tn khi c sng thn, din tp cc phng n cu h, cu n trn bin. Ngoi vic t
chc tp hun, o to, din tp, c quan chuyn mn cn phi hp vi Hi ch thp ,
Trung ng Hi lin hip ph n Vit nam v cc t chc phi chnh ph t chc tp
hun v bnh ng gii, o to cng ng nng cao kin thc v phng nga thin tai i
vi cc i tng d b tn thng nh ph n, tr em. Thng qua tp hun cc c quan,
t chc lin quan bin son, n hnh v phn pht cc ti liu bng s tay hng dn,
t ri, tranh, p phch nh: s tay hng dn cng tc phng, chng lt, bo;
tranh, p phch v cc s c cng trnh iu v bin php x l, ti liu hng dn v
nhn bit v cnh phng, trnh bo, l, phng nga ui nc; hng dn v phng trnh
ng t, sng thn; ti liu hng dn k tht v xy dng, bo v nh, cng trnh
trong vng thng xuyn b nh hng do bo, lv cc dng thin tai khc. Cng tc
hng ngoi kha cho hc sinh v cch nhn bit v phng chng thin tai cng c p
dng th im mt s a phng. Mt s hot ng tuyn truyn ph bin, gio dc php
lut v kin thc v phng, chng lt, bo c th thc hin hiu qu ti mt s a
phng nh:
- Thanh Ha t mua 5000 cun php lnh phng, chng lt, bo, lut iu v in
n 600 b ti liu php lut v iu v phng, chng lt, bo v cc vn bn php lut
c lin quan gi n tt c cc x, phng, th trn, lnh o cc huyn, th x, thnh
ph, s, ban ngnh lin quan tm hiu v thc hin.
- Thnh ph H Ch Minh, t nm 2007 n nay, in v cp pht min ph 10.000
s tay/nm (tng cng hn 40.000 cun) v hng dn mt s bin php phng trnh,
ng ph thin tai, cc kin thc v kh tng thy vn ch ng t chc phng trnh,
ng ph kp thi vi thin tai.
- c bit cc chng trnh tuyn truyn c dch v pht bng ting dn tc ti Lo
Cai.
Phng nga, chun b ng ph l bc quan trong i vi nhim v phng, chng
thin tai. Thc hin k hoch hng nm vic tu b, cng c, nh gi hin trng cng
trnh v xy dng cc phng n bo v cng trnh phng, chng thin tai c trin
khai thng xuyn i vi cc cp, cc ngnh theo qui nh ti khon 4 iu 11 Php
lnh Phng, chng lt, bo. Cc cng trnh cp bch c tp trung x l hon thin
trc ma ma, bo. M rng hp tc, trao i thng tin v p dng tin b khoa hc v
cng ngh vo lnh vc phng, chng thin tai tng bc c quan tm. Cc xut,
trin khai nghin cu, ng dng khoa hc cng ngh cho nhim v phng, chng
lt, bo, iu tra kh hu, nghin cu c thc hin xy dng bn phn vng ngp lt,
l qut, l ng, kh hn V d nh ti Qung Ngi trung tm Phng trnh v gim nh
thin tai Qung Ngi ang s dng phn mm Thy lc 2 chiu v MapInfo qun l bn
phn vng ngp l trong a bn ca tnh.
Cc a phng cng thc hin quy hoch hp l vng dn c, cng trnh c s h tng
cc khu vc thng chu tc ng ca lt, bo. Ch ng lp k hoch di ri dn c
trong a bn khu vc d b thin tai v chu nhiu nh hng khi c thin tai. Ti
Lo Cai, t nm 2000 n nay, tnh sp xp c trn 15000 h dn m bo n nh i
sng, sn xut; trong di chuyn c 6713 h dn nm trong vng thin tai nguy
him n ni an ton. Ti Qung Ngi, gn 400 h trong vng c nguy c b st l
ni, st l b sng, b bin c di di, ti nh c khn cp; hon thnh xy dng v a
vo s dng Nh cng ng phng chng thin tai ti nhiu thn, x. Ty Ninh, 2 cm
dn c (Cm dn c s 8 p Phc M x Phc Ch, huyn Trng Bng v Cm dn c s 8 p
Phc Thnh, x Phc Lu huyn Trng Bng) c u t gip ngi dn di chuyn khi khu
vc xy ra thin tai. Tin Giang s dng ngun ngn sch trung ng u t xy dng
cm, tuyn dn c v nh vng ngp l trn a bn tnh vi tng kinh ph l 466.055
t ng. TP H Ch Minh di di 1.800 h dn sng trong vng st l ven sng, ven
bin, vng trng thp v trong rng phng h. Thng k s h cn di di cp bch
giai on 2011-2015 l 2.111 h v nhu cu vn thc hin di di l 2.368 t ng,
ng thi kin ngh B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn xem xt ghi ch trng vn
u t cho cc d n di di dn phng chng thin tai vi tng kinh ph l 1.1598
t ng.
Vic xy dng k hoch, phng n phng, chng thin tai v tm kim cu nn i
vi tng ngnh, tng cp ngy cng c quan tm ch o phng n st vi c th v iu
kin thc t ca tng ngnh, tng a phng. Cng tc kim tra, ch o thc hin c
cc ngnh, cc cp quan tm. i vi mt s ngnh, lnh vc v cc a phng bt u
trin khai vic lng ghp ni dung phng, chng gim nh thin tai v cng tc
qui hoch v xy dng k hoch pht trin kinh t x hi, mt s lnh vc nh qui
hoch pht trin th, khu pht trin cng nghip. Cc a phng cng bt u r sot,
iu chnh, b sung quy hoch s dng t gn vi nhim v phng chng thin tai v
c tnh n nh hng ca bin i kh hu (nh ti Hi Phng v Qung Ngi), ng thi
chuyn i c cu cy trng, vt nui ph hp vi c trng ca a phng mnh ( c thc
hin ti Tuyn Quang, k Nng, Hi Phng, Ph Yn).
Cc a phng thc y thc hin cng tc u t xy dng, tu b cng trnh phng
chng lt, bo, thin tai trong tr trng vo vic kim tra cht lng cc cng
trnh, thng xuyn tu b, phng, chng st l b sng, bao phng, chng lt, bo,
triu cng kt hp giao thng nng thn, xy dng khu neo u tu thuyn trnh tr
bo, p thp nhit i v quan tm thc y trng rng, bo v rng, trng cy chn
sng. C th, ti ng Nai, t nm 2001 n 2010, 14 cng trnh tiu, thot l,
chng st l b sng c xy dng vi tng kinh ph 93 t ng. Ti Qung Ngi trong
nm 2011 hon thnh cc cng trnh k chng st l b sng, sui, cng neo tr tu
thuyn, nng cp . Ti thnh ph H Ch Minh, t 2006-2011 xy dng 391 cng
trnh vi tng kinh ph 690,3 t ng. Thanh Ha, trong thi gian t 1993
2010 tu b, nng cp h thng iu vi khi lng 13.771.910m3 t, 1.079.280m3
xy lt cc loi v 325.766m3 b tng vi tng kinh ph l 1.544 t ng. ng thi,
mi nm tnh to rng mi bng khoanh nui ti sinh v trng mi 35.000 ha, a
che ph rng t 36,6% nm 1999 ln khong 46% nm 2011, trng c 2.319 ha
rng chn sng, k hoch trng mi 4.166 ha rng ngp mn, phng h ven bin. Hi
Phng hon thnh 17 v tr bn, bi ven sng, ven bin, trong c 12 khu neo u
trnh tr bo cho tu thuyn c t chc qun l chuyn trch, m bo neo u cho hn
4000 tu thuyn. Xy dng 1 kho chuyn dng, 8 kho qun l v xut xy 14 thp
bo thin tai ven bin. Tin Giang xy dng hai khu neo u tu thuyn cho
200 v 300 chic tu cng sut 90CV gm 45 tr neo b c lp v 2 phao bo hiu
vi kinh ph trn 2 t ng. Ninh Thun xy dng trng tiu hc kt hp lm ni
trnh l cho nhn dn vng b ngp trong khun kh ti tr ca Qu h tr thin tai
min trung. Ngoi ra, hng nm trc ma ma bo, cc UBND tnh giao Thanh tra
tnh t chc thanh tra cng tc trin khai phng, chng lt, bo ti cc a phng
v n v, thanh tra vi phm Php lut v iu, Php lnh phng, chng lt, bo
thanh tra v nghim cm vic to ra cc vt lm cn hoc cc hot ng gy kh khn
cho vic tiu thot l (nh c thc hin ti Ph Yn, Vnh phc), thnh lp cc t
bo v, n v qun l iu, pht hin v x l nghim khc cc vi phm (Thanh Ha,
Tuyn Quang).
Ngoi cc hnh thc tuyn, gio dc, ph bin kin thc, cng tc tp hun cc
lc lng v t chc din tp b sung, hon thin phng n c cc ngnh, cc cp ch o
trin khai thc hin trc mi ma ma, bo. Ti Ty Ninh, trong nm 2007, din
tp ti huyn Dng Minh Chu vi 312 ngi tham gia trong 30 ngy t 18/9 n
18/10/2007. Ti Qung Ngi, trong khun kh cc d n: JICA, Gim nh thin
tai Qung Ngi, Qun l ri ro thin tai tng hp (WB4), VANGOCA t chc cc t
tp hun cho cc c quan qun l thin tai, lc lng tm kim cu nn.
Ngoi ra, cc ngnh, a phng cng bc u ch ng hp tc quc t y mnh hot ng
phng, chng lt, bo. Qung Ngi, t 2010 hp tc vi t chc Plan v Hi ch thp
M trin khai chng trnh gim thiu v qun l ri ro thin tai cho cng ng.
Thnh ph H Ch Minh ng k vi C quan Chin lc Quc t ca Lin hp quc v gim
nh thin tai (UNISDR) v K hoch thc hin 10 im thit yu tr thnh thnh ph
an ton trc thin tai ca Chin lc ton cu v gim nh thin tai nm
2010-2011.
Phng chm 4 ti ch, tuy cn rt nhiu kh khn nhng cng c nhn thc r v
tm quan trng ca phng chm ny i vi tng ngnh, tng cp. Vic chun b cc mt
hng thit yu nh: nhu yu phm, ha cht x l nc, x l mi trng, thuc cha
bnh, phng dch ch ng khi xy ra thin tai cn gp nhiu kh khn nhng c nhn
thc r y l mt trong nhng yu cu i vi cng tc phng, chng thin tai. Cc
cp, cc ngnh nghim tc thc hin vic kim tra, b sung vt t d tr phng,
chng lt, bo v phng tin phc v nhim v phng, chng lt bo v tm kim cu
nn, kim tra vic chun b cc phng n vn chuyn vt t, phng tin khi cn
thit kp thi p ng khi c lnh ca cp c thm quyn
1.3.2. Hot ng ng ph
Cc bin php, phng n ng ph thin tai c thc hin theo qui nh ti cc iu
18, 19, 20, 21, 22 v 23 ca Php lnh Phng, chng lt, bo.
Khi c thng tin d bo v thin tai cc phng tin thng tin i chng t
trung ng n c s, cc i duyn hi v h thng thng tin chuyn dng ca cc c
quan, cc lc lng lin tc cp nht v thng bo v din bin thin tai v cc
phng dn ch o ca cc cp, cc ngnh mi t chc, cc nhn bit v ch ng cc bin
php phng, trnh, ng ph. Tn sut pht tin c tng theo mc nguy him ca
thin tai. Cc cp, cc ngnh kp thi a tin v d bo thin tai v cng tc ch
o, iu hnh ca Ban ch huy PBLB. m bo thng tin lin lc ch huy thng sut;
t chc trc ban 24/24, theo di cht ch din bin thin tai v tnh hnh thi
tit khu vc, trong nc; kp thi chin khai lc lng v phng tin ng cu chng
lt bo. V d nh Thanh Ha thnh lp 5 im quan st, thng tin bo bo TKCN
theo quy nh, lin lc 24/24 gi vi ng dn trn bin bng my v tuyn in khi
c bo v p thp nhit i xy ra; hin c 4 tu cng sut 300-700CV, 4 tu cng
sut 25-45CV, 10 ca n 15-85CV v mt s phng tin chuyn dng.
Khi c thng tin cnh bo, d bo thin tai, Ban ch o Phng, chng lt bo
Trung ng v y Ban Quc gia tm kim cu nn thng nht cc ni dung ch o v
ban hnh cng in gi n cc a phng v cc B, ngnh lin quan trin khai cc
bin php chun b ng ph. Cn c thng tin d bo,cc a phng c kh nng chu nh
hng ca thin tai v cc b, ngnh lin quan trin khai c th cc phng n ng
ph, phng n bo v dn c , cng trnh, phng tin hot ng thy, hi sn trn
bin, ven bin, vng ca sng.mi a phng u trin khai ton din cc bin php
ng ph trn a bn, phn cng cn b ph trch v ch o c th tng lnh vc,tng a
bn phi hp vi cc ngnh v chnh quyn trin khai thc hin. Ban ch o Phng,
chng lt bo Trung ng v y Ban Quc gia tm kim cu nn phi hp ca cc on
cng tc n cc a phng phi hp kim tra, n c vic trin khai cc phng n i ph
vi thin tai. Trng Ban Ch o phng, chng lt, bo Trung ng v Ch tch y
ban nhn dn cp tnh trong phm vi quyn hn c giao quyt nh vic xut, cp
vt t d tr Phng, chng lt , bo cng c, x l cc s c bo o an ton cng trnh
phng, chng thin tai nh iu, p v cng trnh u mi h cha nc v cc cng trnh
lin quan n phng, chng lt, bo.
Khi thin tai c nguy c uy hip trc tip, Chnh ph ban hnh cng in ch
o cc ngnh, cc cp trin khai ton din cc bin php ng ph. ng thi lnh o
Chnh ph ch tr hp vi Ban ch o Phng, chng lt bo Trung ng v y Ban Quc
gia tm kim cu nn v cc c quan lin quan bn cc bin php v ch o trin
khai ng ph. Chnh ph c cc on cng tc n cc a bn c kh nng chu nh hng ca
thin tai n c, ch o vic trin khai cc bin php ng ph thin tai, lnh o
Chnh ph cng trc tip n a bn kim tra, n c cc bin php ng ph. Nhiu trng
hp Chnh ph lp Ban ch huy tin phng ti khu vc c kh nng xy ra thin ta,
lnh o Chnh ph, lnh o Ban Ch o Phng chng lt bo Trung ng v Lnh o y
ban Quc gia Tm kim cu nn trc tip ch o cc bin php ng ph. Khi thin
tai xy ra lc lng v trang thc s l nng ct trong ng ph, tm kim cu nn v
gip nhn dn khc phc hu qu, phi hp cc lc lng gi gn an ninh, trt t v
hng dn giao thng khu vc b thin tai.
Cc phng tin thng tin i chng t trung ng n a phng, cc i chuyn dng
v h thng thng tin hng hi, thng tin ca b i bin phng v cc n v v trang
lin tc cung cp thng tin mi t chc, mi cng dn bit v ch ng cc bin php
phng, trnh, ng ph.
Cc phng tin cu h, cu nn chuyn dng, cc phng tin ca lc lng v trang
v mt s phng tin ca h gia nh c s dng cho cng tc cu h, cu nn.
Vic cung cp nhu yu phm ch yu nh lng thc, nc ung, ha cht x l nc v
b tr ch tm thi c trin khai kp thi gip nhn dn vng b thin tai c lp,
vng b ngp su hoc nhng gia nh b mt nh, sp nh. y l truyn thng tt p ca
cc th h ngi Vit Nam khi hon nn. Phi ni rng khi thin tai xy ra th c
h thng chnh tr vo cuc vi trch nhim cao v tinh thn tng thn tng i ca
cng ng.
Khi xy ra tnh hung khn cp v bo, l, Chnh ph quyt nh cc bin php x
l, nm 1999 khi l cao xy ra trn din rng ti cc tnh duyn hi min trung,
Chnh ph quyt nh lp cu hng khng Gia lm (H Ni) - Ph Bi (Tha Thin Hu)
v Nng. Giao ngnh Giao thng ch o Tng cng ty ng st Vit Nam kt hp vn
chuyn hnh khch v hng ha t Thnh ph H Ch Minh ra v t H Ni vo vn chuyn
hng cu tr v cc phng tin thit yu phc v ng ph thin tai.
ng ph kp thi, khc phc c hiu qu l phng chm trong phng, chng lt bo
v thc t chng minh qua kt qu t c trong nhng nm qua.
1.3.3. Hot ng khc phc hu qu
Khc phc hu qu lt, bo c thc hin theo qui nh ti cc iu 24, 24 v 26
ca Php lnh Phng, chng lt, bo. Khi bo, lt xy ra vic khc phc hu qu c
thc hin bao gm vic cu h ngi, ti sn.
Nhim v u tin trong khc phc hu qu thin tai l trin khai nhim v tm
kim, cu nn, cu h ngi, ti sn, cu cha ngi b thng, mai tng ngi b thit
mng. Trong nhng nm qua cc a phng b thin tai phi hp vi cc lc lng v
chnh quyn a phng x l c hiu qu nhim v ny.
Trong thin tai vic thiu lng thc xy ra do nhiu nguyn nhn ch quan,
khch quan nhng Chnh ph ch o cc ngnh, cc cp khng c ngi dn no i, rt.
V vy, cn c mc thit hi t kt qu thng k, nh gi ban u ca cc a phng v cc
vn bn ngh ca y ban nhn dn cp tnh, Ban ch o Phng, chng lt, bo Trung
ng phi hp cng Vn phng Chnh ph, cc B: K hoch v u t, Ti Chnh, Lao ng,
Thng binh v X hi xem xt trnh Chnh ph Quyt nh vic h tr lng thc (go)
t ngun d tr quc gia cp cho nhn dn v h tr ti chnh t ngun ngn sch d
phng tu sa, khi phc cng trnh h tng thit yu nh giao thng, thy li,
in; h tr ging cy trng gip a phng phc hi sn xut v n nh i sng nhn dn;
xem xt vic cho vay hoc khoanh n i vi cc h dn gp kh khn to thun li
cho nhn dn phc hi sn sut; h tr bng tin i vi cc h c ngi cht, b thng,
cc h b mt nh hoc nh b h hi theo qui nh.
B Y t ch o vic cp b sung cc c s thuc thit yu phc v vic cha bnh,
cung cp ha cht x l nc v v sinh mi trng phng, chng dch bnh. Cc lc
lng xung kch ca a phng phi hp vi cc lc lng v trang gip nhn dn khc
phc hu qu, sa cha nh v cc cng trnh nh trng hc, trm y t m bo vic hc
tp ca hc sinh v m bo yu cu khm, cha bnh cho nhn dn.
Cc a phng ch ng trin khai nhim v khc phc hu qu trn a bn v ch o
cc c quan, t chc thuc a bn qun l phi hp trin khai nhim v khc phc hu
qu thin tai.
Cc t chc, cc nhn cng chung tay, vn ng, quyn gp, ng vin chia s vi
ng bo vng b thin tai trong vic cu tr thin tai vi tinh thn l lnh m l
rch th hin tnh cm su sc ca mi ngi dn, mi t chc i vi vng ng khi gp
hon nn.
Kt qu trin khai thc hin Php lnh v cc quy nh php lut c lin quan v
phng chng thin tai bc u thu c cc kt qu ng khch l, lm gim thit hi v
ngi, ti sn v c s h tng. Trong phm vi bo co ny ch cp con s thng k v
thit hi v ngi do lt, bo gy ra trong 16 nm quan k t nm 1996 n thng
11 nm 2011.
NmS ngi chtS ngi mt tchGhi ch
19961128115
19979412142Mt tch trn bin khu vc nam b do cn bo LINDA
199839935
199982475
200073712L cao ng bng sng Cu Long
200160425L cao ng bng sng Cu Long
20023534L cao ng bng sng Cu Long
20031806
200424038
200538423
2006339274Mt tch trong cn bo Chanchu
200739131
200847464
200942628
201026696
201121225
1.4. V cng tc qun l hot ng phng, chng lt, bo
S phi hp gia cc B, Ngnh Trung ng, nht l cc ngnh - thnh vin ca
Ban ch o Phng chng lt bo Trung ng c thc hin cht ch hn, th hin tinh
thn trch nhim ca cc B, Ngnh i vi cng tc phng chng lt bo.
B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn vi vai tr thng trc cho Ban ch o
phng, chng lt, bo trung ng thc hin tt s ch o vi cc S NN&PTNT,
ng thi phi hp vi cc b ngnh hu quan qun l hot ng phng, chng lt,
bo.
Cc b, ngnh khc phi hp vi B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn trong
vic qun l hot ng phng, chng lt, bo, c th nh sau:
Cc b K hoch - u t, Ti Chnh trong nhng nm qua tham mu cho Chnh ph
dnh s quan tm nhiu hn n cng tc phng chng lt bo v gim nh thin tai.
Trong khi ngun ti chnh cn hn ch, hng nm Nh nc vn u t kh nhiu kinh
ph cho cng tc phng chng lt bo v gim nh thin tai, gp phn cng c vng
chc hn cc cng trnh phng chng lt bo v n nh i sng nhn dn.
B Quc phng ch o cc Qun khu v B ch huy Qun s cc tnh xy dng cc
phng n, k hoch tc chin c th; phi hp vi cc a phng t chc din tp ng cu
x l cc tnh hung khn cp, din tp tm kim cu nn; tng cng kim tra cng tc
chun b cu h v cng cc a phng trc tip tham gia c hiu qu vic cu h nhn
dn mi khi thin tai xy ra.
B Cng an hng nm c k hoch cng tc phng, chng lt, bo c th ca lc lng
cnh st nhn dn, xy dng phng n i vi tng tnh hung thin tai, c phng n
bo v cc mc tiu trng im nh h, p, iu, thy in, trn phn l. Phi hp vi cc
ban, ngnh lin quan gii quyt dt im mt s vi phm v iu, thot l...
Trung tm Kh tng Thy vn Quc gia thuc B Ti nguyn v Mi trng phi hp
cht ch, thng tin kp thi tnh hnh d bo din bin KTTV gp phn ch ng hn
cho cng tc t chc ch o, xy dng cc phng n iu hnh theo tnh th. Nhng
tin b khoa hc, cng ngh trong cng tc d bo v thng tin trong cc nm qua
cho php chng ta ngy cng nng cao nng lc v cht lng ca cng tc d bo,
cnh bo v ch o phng, chng lt, bo cng nh thu thp thng tin v nh hng ca
thin tai c bin php i ph, ng cu kp thi.
B Bu chnh Vin thng c phng n phng, chng v, m bo an ton thng tin
lin lc cc a phng, n v phc v cng tc ch o v khc phc hu qu lt, bo. Xy
dng cc tnh hung gi nh c th xy ra tp dt v rt kinh nghim, b sung cc
phng tin, thit b st vi tnh hnh thc t tng a phng, chun b y lc lng,
phng tin, trang thit b thng tin, kinh ph... ng cu thng tin khi lt,
bo xy ra.
B Giao thng Vn ti c phng n i ph c th i vi cc s c cho ton b h
thng cng trnh giao thng, pht hin v x l kp thi nhng h hng ca cng
trnh, m bo vic thng ng, thng tuyn nhanh nht trong ma l, bo. T chc
trc 24/24h gii quyt mi tnh hung xu khi thin tai xy ra.
B Lao ng - Thng binh v X hi xy dng c ch tr cp c th cho nhng gia
nh b nh hng trc tip ca thin tai (Ngh nh s 67) to iu kin thun li cho
cc cp, cc ngnh thc hin kp thi cng tc cu tr mi khi thin tai gy thit
hi.
B Gio dc v o to iu chnh thi gian ngh h v thi gian bt u nm hc mi
i vi hc sinh vng ngp l ng bng sng Cu Long cho ph hp, to iu kin thun
li hc sinh c th n trng y , khng b gin on do nh hng ngp lt.
B Xy dng phi hp vi B Nng nghip v PTNT v cc tnh tin hnh lp qui
hoch xy dng cc tuyn dn c ng bng sng Cu long: Tuyn knh Tn Thnh - L
Gch di 70km cho 8000 ngi; Tuyn knh Vnh T di 90km cho 12.000 ngi;
Tuyn Thch Ho - Thanh Bnh di 110 km, cho 60.000 ngi; Tuyn Long Xuyn
- Tri Tn - Hn t di 70 km, cho 66700 ngi; Tuyn QL.80 - knh Ci Sn di
58,5km, cho 80.900 ngi...
Cc b, ngnh khc theo chc nng phi hp kp thi vi Ban ch o phng, chng
lt, boTW trong cng tc phng chng v khc phc hu qu thin tai gp phn gim
n mc thp nht thit hi thin tai v n nh i sng nhn dn.
2. Kh khn, bt cp v nguyn nhn
Php lnh Phng, chng lt, bo i vo cuc sng v gp phn mang li nhng kt
qu nh nu trn. Tuy nhin khi thc thi php lnh cn c nhiu kh khn, vng
mc, trong bo co ny xin c cp n cc vn c th nh sau:
2.1. Mt s hn ch ca cc quy nh trong Php lnh v cc vn bn c lin quan
Ti Khon 1 iu 11 ca Php lnh qui nh: Qun l, bo v cc cng trnh phng,
chng lt bo; ngn chn cc hnh vi c nguy c gy h hi hoc hy hoi cng trnh
phng, chng lt, bo v cng trnh c lin quan n phng, chng lt, bo. Trong
thc t, vic khai thc vt liu nh t ct bi sng, lng sng, lm l gch, lp bn
bi tp kt vt liu trn bi sng, thm tr c ni s dng c bi sng xy dng nh,
cng trnh. Vic x l theo qui nh ca php lut cn c s phi hp lin ngnh.
Tuy nhin, mt s ni chnh quyn c s v cc c quan bo v php lut cha quan
tm y cha coi trng vic xem xt x l, c quan chuyn mn ca ngnh nng nghip
ch c thm quyn lp bin bn kin ngh x l hoc tm nh ch nhng khng c thm
quyn x pht vi phm hnh chnh.
C nhng qui nh trong php lnh hin hnh khng cn ph hp hoc cha y , nh
mt phn ni dung ca khon 2 iu 21 quy nh dn chiu n cc iu 28, 29, 30 v
31 ca Php lnh Lao ng ngha v cng ch. nhng hin ti php lnh ny ht hiu
lc t ngy 01/01 nm 2007.
Khon 2 iu 27 ca Php lnh Phng, chng lt bo v Ngh nh s 50-CP ngy 10
thng 5 nm 1997 ca Chnh ph qui nh v quy ch s dng Qu phng chng lt, bo
do nhn dn ng gp. Quy nh ny n nay khng cn ph hp vi thc t do mc thu i
vi doanh nghip qu thp ng thi quy nh v ch ti khon to ra kh khn cho
vic qun l v s dng. ng thi, mt s a phng hiu nhm quy nh ny nn khng
thu Qu phng, chng lt, bo ti a phng dn n vic thiu nht qun v thiu
kinh ph thc hin hot ng phng, chng lt, bo.
Khon 5 iu 11 Php lnh qui nh v vic d tr lng thc, nhu yu phm thit
yu, thuc cha bnh ti nhng ni xung yu, him tr s dng khi cp thit. y l
qui nh rt cn thit. Tuy nhin, cc loi hng ha ny u c thi hn s dng, V
vy, trn thc t bc l nhng kh khn khi cn b sung, lun chuyn hoc thanh l
hng ho d tr m bo thi hn s dng.
Cc hn ch ca cc vn bn php lut v phng chng thin tai c cp phn I ca
Bo co ny.
2.2. Thch thc hin nay i vi cng tc phng chng thin tai
Trong nhiu nm qua, Chnh ph ch o cc b ngnh v a phng u tin u t, t
chc thc hin nhiu chng trnh, d n trng im to dng, b sung c s vt cht,
k thut, khoa hc cng ngh, nng cao nhn thc cng ng trong phng chng lt
bo, gim nh thin tai. Vic xy dng h thng sng, bin, hng ngn h cha nc
ln nh phc v ct gim l, iu tit nc, pht in trn nhng lu vc sng, cc cng
trnh ti, tiu thy li, kim sot l, cng trnh chng st l, khu neo u tu
thuyn trnh bo v h thng rng phng h gp phn quan trng nng cao kh nng
bo v ngi dn trc thin tai. Tuy nhin, thc trng cng tc phng chng thin
tai vn cn gp nhiu thch thc, i hi cn c s tng cng qun l ca nh nc v c
c ch, chnh sch php lut ng b v mnh gii quyt tc hi ca thin tai.
Th nht, hot ng phng chng thin tai hin nay, do cha nhn lc v vt
lc, thng mi ch tp trung vo giai on ng ph v khc phc hu qu m cha ch
trng nhiu vo giai on phng nga v gim thiu ri ro. Lut ngn sch nh nc
quy nh d phng ngn sch cho phng chng lt, bo v cc nhu cu cp bch khc l
t 2% n 5% ngn sch, khng c mt t l c th ring cho phng chng lt, bo. T
l ny thng khng chi tr cho cc chi ph phng chng lt, bo v thng khi xy
ra lt, bo th cng khng cn nhiu, c bit l i vi nhng a phng ngho, a bn
kh khn ni thin tai thng xuyn xy ra. Mc d hin nay vn c nhng quy nh v
vic ng gp ca ngi dn vo qu phng chng lt bo ca a phng theo quy nh ca
Ngh nh s 50/CP ngy 10/5/1997, nhng mc trn thu i vi doanh nghip v
quy nh thu i vi cc h dn ngho, cc a bn kh khn khng cn ph hp vi thc t
hin nay. V d, mc ng gp ca doanh nghip l khng qu 5 triu l qu thp. Mt
s a phng khng trin khai thu trn thc t do hiu v gii thch cc quy nh
cha chnh xc v nhm hiu tin ng gp vo qu vi cc loi ph c bi b. Cc ngun
ng gp ca x hi thng trn c s t nguyn, nhm mc ch cu tr sau khi thin
tai xy ra. Gn nh cha c s u t ca x hi vo vic xy dng cc cng trnh phng
chng thin tai hoc cng trnh a mc tiu kt hp phng chng thin tai, cung
cp cc dch v trong hot ng phng chng thin tai, bao gm c dch v bo him,
dch v phn phi, cung cp hng cu tr. Do vy, cn huy ng nhng ngun ti
chnh c th hn na t ngn sch nh nc, kt hp vi cc ngun ng gp a dng ca
cng ng tng cng ngun lc cho hot ng phng chng thin tai. Th hai, qun l
nh nc v cng tc phng chng thin tai cn cha thng nht t trung ng n a
phng, c ch phi hp cn hon thin hn na nng cao tnh hiu qu. Mt s c ch
nh Ban ch o phng, chng lt bo trung ng v Ban ch huy cp a phng c lp
ra qun l cng tc phng chng lt, bo nhng chc nng qun l vt qua tiu ch,
mc tiu ban u. Theo quy nh ca Ngh nh s 14/2010/N-CP, thm quyn v trch
nhim ca Ban ch o trung ng v cc Ban ch huy ny c m rng n 13 loi thin
tai khc nhau, trong bao gm c ng t v sng thn. Ngoi ra, do cc thnh
vin u hot ng kim nhim, nn hu ht cng vic c dn vo vn phng thng trc
khin cho cng vic lun qu ti, nht l vo cc giai on thng xuyn c thin
tai. Cc cn b phi trc ban 24/24 nhng cng tc trc ban cn nhiu kh khn
do vt qu quy nh v gi lm thm ca mt ngi, khng ph hp vi Lut Lao ng. Ch
i vi cc thnh vin ca cc t i xung kch thnh lp ti cc x, phng, th trn
cha c quy nh. Ngoi ra, u mi hp tc quc t v thin tai thng c giao v
Trung tm phng chng thin tai thuc Tng cc thy li B NN&PTNT. Mc d
Trung tm ny mi c nng cp nhng khi lng v phm vi ca cng vic thng vt qu
quy m ca Trung tm v nhn lc v vt lc.Th ba, hot ng phng nga cha c y
mnh v u tin ng tm dn n mt s hn ch. Vic nghin cu p dng tin b khoa
hc, k thut trong d bo thin tai cha c y mnh khin cng tc d bo, cnh bo
i khi cn cha chnh xc v kp thi. Din tp phng, chng lt, bo v cc dng
thin tai khc cha c t chc thng xuyn. Vic lng ghp ni dung phng chng
thin tai vo quy hoch, k hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi ca cc a phng cn
hn ch. S phi hp gia cc s ngnh, a phng cha thc s cht ch v ng b do hn
ch v nhn lc, kinh ph. Vic qun l, bo v cng trnh phng chng thin tai
cha hiu qu, vn xy ra tnh trng xy dng tri php, gy nh hng n cng trnh,
xm phm rng u ngun, rng phng h, trong khi vic x l vi phm cha trit .
Ngoi ra, vic giao t, cho thu t trong hnh lang bo v cng trnh phng
chng thin tai gy kh khn trong gii phng mt bng khi tu b, nng cp v bo
v cng trnh. Vic x l cc cng trnh trn bi sng trin khai chm do mt s
cng trnh vi phm c trc khi Php lnh Phng chng lt bo v Lut iu c hiu lc
thi hnh. ng thi, s lng cng trnh nhiu, kinh ph cho di di qu ln trong
khi ngun vn v qu t cho ti nh c hn ch dn n vic xy dng cng c cc cng
trnh phng chng thin tai cha t c hiu qu nh mong mun.
Th t, hot ng ng ph cng cn c nhng im cha hon thin. H thng thng
tin phc v d bo v cnh bo cha y , phng thc t chc cnh bo ti ngi dn cha
tt nn hiu qu khng cao, thng tin trn bin cn b ng. Cng tc tm kim cu
nn cn thiu trang thit b chuyn dng v lc lng chuyn nghip. Cng tc di
ri dn khi khu vc xy ra thin tai cha thc s hiu qu do nhn thc hn ch v
tm l tic ca ca ngi dn.
Th nm, cng tc khc phc hu qu thin tai sau bo l cc a phng cha thc
s pht huy phng chm 4 ti ch. Chnh quyn a phng ni b thin tai trin
khai khc phc hu qu, n nh i sng, sinh hot, sn xut ca nhn dn cn chm.
Vic thanh ton chi ph khi hot ng lc lng, vt t, phng tin cho phng,
chng lt, bo t ngun qu phng, chng lt, bo v lao ng cng ch do nhn dn
ng gp kh thc hin v thc t ti cc a phng khng thu c qu phng, chng lt,
bo do ngi dn ng gp.Th su, cng tc tuyn truyn, ph bin, gio dc php lut
v kin thc v phng chng lt bo v thin tai cha c thc hin thng xuyn v
thiu h thng dn ti hiu bit v nhn thc v cng tc phng chng thin tai cha
su sc, dn n tm l ch quan. Nng lc v thc cng ng trong qun l thin tai
vn cn nhiu hn ch.
Th by, cc v vi phm cha c pht hin, ngn chn v x l kp thi ngay t
khi mi pht sinh, nht l vi phm hnh lang thot l; nhn thc v trch nhim
trong vic ngn chn v x l vi phm ca lnh o cc huyn, th v cc x, phng v
qun chng cha ng, cha y dn n tnh trng khng thc hin cc ngha v lin
quan n phng chng thin tai nh khng chp hnh lnh s tn, xm phm cng trnh
phng chng thin tai, cu tr khng ng mc ch vn xy ra trn thc t. Cc ch
ti x l cc vi phm ny c nhng cha y v c th nn vic x pht cha nghim v kh
p dng trn thc t.
III. Kin ngh pht huy nhng thnh tu t c, ng thi khc phc nhng kh
khn thch thc nng cao hiu qu ca cng tc phng, chng lt, bo ni ring v
phng chng thin tai ni chung, B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn xin kin
ngh mt s im c th nh sau:
1. Phng chng thin tai ni chung v phng, chng lt, bo ni ring l
nhim v thng xuyn ca cc cp, cc ngnh v mi cng dn. Vit Nam l quc gia
thng xuyn chu tc ng ca thin tai, c bit l bo, l, l qut, ngp lt, st l
tnhng thp nin gn y thin tai c xu th gia tng v cng , tn sut xut hin
v a dng v loi hnh; nhng d bo v tc ng ca bin i kh hu ton cu, nc bin
dng s tc ng n mi quc gia tng mc khc nhau, Vit Nam l mt trong s nhng
quc gia c cnh bo s c th chi tc ng nng n ca cc tc ng ca bin i kh hu
v nc bin dn. m bo yu cu pht trin bn vng kinh t - x hi, nhim v phng,
chng thin tai ngy tr ln cp bch. Thin tai nhng nm gn y cho thy khng
ch l bo, l, ngp lt m tnh a dng ca cc loi hnh thin tai ngy cng r hn.
Cng tc d bo kh tng, thy vn; nhng qui nh v bo tin ng t, cnh bo sng
thn mi ch dng Qui ch. Mt s vn bn qui phm php lut cng c cp n yu t
thin tai nhng ch phm vi hp hoc ch nu hin tng nhng khng c nhng rng
buc php l cht ch nn khng th thc hin c hiu qu.
2. Phng chng thin tai nc ta trong nhng nm gn y mang li nhng hiu
qu to ln vi s quan tm ca ng, nh nc. Khi xy ra thin tai th c h thng
chnh tr v ton x hi vo cuc vi trch nhim cao. Tuy nhin, trn thc chng
ta vn cn b ng v mi ch tp trung cho cc hot ng ng ph, x l tnh hung v
khc phc hu qu. V vy, cn c gii php tng th, ph hp v chuyn dn sang cc
hot ng ch ng phng nga.
3. m bo pht trin kinh t - x hi bn vng, vic hon thin h thng vn bn
qui phm php lut l mt trong nhng yu t quyt nh s thnh cng. Nhn chung
cc vn bn qui phm php lut hin hnh c lin quan n phng chng thin tai u
do cc c quan chuyn mn c Chnh ph phn cng ch tr son tho. V vy, cc c
quan son tho thng tp trung vo nhim v qun l ca ngnh xy dng vn bn, cc
yu t lin quan n thin tai c c qui nh trong vn bn nhng ch phm vi hp i
vi lnh vc qun l ca tng b, ngnh. V vy, c cc vn bn u thy c ni dung
phng, chng thin tai nhng ch hn ch tng lnh vc chuyn mn hp v ni dung
phn tn, manh mn khng ng b, kh thc hin. Hu ht cc vn bn ny c ban hnh
trong thi k cha c t chc, c nhn no cp n yu t Bin i kh hu ton cu. Mt
s ni dung rt quan trng trong phng, trnh nhm hn ch v gim nh thit hi
do thin tai gy ra. Hin ti cha c vn bn qui phm php lut iu chnh mt
cch tng th nhim v phng chng thin tai. T nhng l do c cp ti phn II ca
bo co ny cho thy vn bn qui phm php lut v phng chng thin tai cn mt
khong trng rt ln. V vy, cn c Lut Phng chng thin tai iu chnh ton b
cc ni dung phng chng thin tai Vit Nam.
4. Lut Phng chng thin tai cn tip tc k tha cc quy nh hiu qu ca
khung php lut hin hnh, ng thi b sung cc quy nh iu chnh mt s vn nh
sau:
- Xc nh cc ni dung hot ng phng chng thin tai theo hng chuyn trng
tm sang phng nga, ng thi nhn mnh n cc bin php xy dng nng lc v nng
cao nhn thc ca cng ng nhm thch ng vi thin tai.
- Xc nh trch nhim ca c nhn, t chc, c quan c thm quyn trong phng
chng thin tai, trong ch trng n vai tr ca cng ng. c bit, b sung nhng
rng buc php l v trch nhim ca cc t chc kinh t i vi nhim v phng, chng
thin tai. Thc t cc t chc ny c hng li t cc cng trnh phng, chng thin
tai do nh nc u t, hoc gan tip hng li t nhng quyt nh ch o ca cc c
quan nh nc c thm quyn v phng, chng thin tai, nhng quyt nh ph duyt,
trin khai cc cng trnh h tng, cng trnh phng, chng thin tai to thun
li v bo m an ton cho sn xut kinh doanh pht trin. V vy, cn phi c qui
nh v ngha v ca cc t chc kinh t m bo tnh cng bng.
- Qui nh r v thng nht trn phm vi ton quc v nh gi thit hi do thin
tai gy ra trnh tnh trng nh hin nay, mi ngnh, mi a phng thng k nh gi
thit hi theo cc phng php khc nhau dn n vic xem xt, h tr gp nhiu kha
khn, thm tr c trng hp phi xc minh li.
- Quy nh v cng tc cu tr thin tai. Hin nay, ngun cu tr do cc t
chc, c nhn ng h cha c qun l thng nht. C tnh trng t chc, c nhn t n
cc vng b thin tai phn pht hng cu tr dn n tnh trng kh qun l, khng m
bo cng bng v kh kim sot cht lng hng ha.
- Qui nh v ngun lc cho cng tc phng, chng thin tai trnh b ng nh
hin nay, sau khi thin tai xy ra phi s dng ngun ngn sch d phng ca nh
nc h tr.
- Qui nh thng nht, ph hp v t chc b my v c quan thng trc v phng
chng thin tai v tm kim cu nn, hin ti cha c s thng nht trn phm vi c
nc, cn b lm nhim v thng trc phng chng thin tai hin ti lm vic theo
ch kim nhim. V vy, kh c th ton tm, ton lc cho nhim v v h qu l cht
lng cng tc khng c, kh tch ly kinh nghim. Mt khc hin ti cng tc phng,
chng lt, bo mt s ngnh, a phng hot ng theo ma nn hiu qu b hn ch.
- 4 ti ch l phng chm ng v c hiu qu nu chun b tt. V vy, cn lut ha
phng chm 4 ti ch v c nhng qui nh v chnh sch u t, c ch qun l v s
dng.
- Tuyn truyn, ph bin kin thc v php lut v phng chng thin tai cn
xem xt a vo chng trnh gio dc ngoi kha hoc lng nghp vi mn hc ph hp
cc cp gio dc ph thng v o to bc i hc. a ni dung phng chng thin tai
da vo cng ng thnh ni dung sinh hot ca cc t chc x hi, cc t chc chnh
tr x hi v ton th qun chng.
- Quy nh lng ghp ni dung phng chng thin tai vo qui hoch, k hach,
chng trnh, n, d n pht trin kinh t - x hi v coi y l iu kin bt buc
phi thc hin./.
Ni nhn:
- Th tng Chnh ph ( b/c);
- Ph Th tng Hong Trung Hi ( b/c);
- U ban Php lut ca Quc hi ( phi hp);
- y ban Khoa hc, Cng ngh, v Mi trng ca Quc hi ( phi hp);
- Vn phng Chnh ph ( phi hp);
- Thnh vin BST Lut Phng chng thin tai;
- Lu: VT, Tng cc Thu li.B TRNG
Cao c Pht
PH LC
Ph lc 1: Danh mc cc vn bn php lut c ban hnh c lin quan n phng
chng thin tai
STTLoi vn bnS vn bnTn vn bnC quan ban hnhThi gian
1. Lut8/1998/QHLut Ti nguyn ncQuc hi01/06/1998
2. Lut11/2008/QH12 Lut hot ng ch thp Quc hi03/06/2008
3. Lut15/2008/QH12 Lut trng mua, trng dng ti snQuc
hi06/03/2008
4. Lut01/2002/QH11 Lut Ngn sch nh nc Quc hi16/12/2002
5. Lut13/2003/QH11Lut t aiQuc hi26/11/2003
6. Lut52/2005/QH11 Lut bo v mi trngQuc hi29/11/2005
7. Lut79/2006/QH11Lut iuQuc hi29/11/2006
8. Php lnh09/1993/L-CTN-TVQH9Php lnh Phng chng lt
boUBTVQH20/03/1993
9. Php lnh20/2000/PL-UBTVQH10Php lnh tnh trng khn
cpUBTVQH04/04/2000
10. Php lnh03/2001/L-CTN-TVQH10Php lnh khai thc v bo v cng trnh
thy liUBTVQH15/04/2001
11. Php lnh27/2000/PL-UBTVQHPhp lnh sa i mt s iu ca Php lnh Phng
chng lt bo (20/3/1993)UBTVQH24/08/2000
12. Php lnh17/2004/PL-UBTVQH11Php lnh d tr quc
giaUBTVQH29/4/2004
13. Ngh nh168/1990/N-HBTQuy nh v t chc, nhim v ca Ban ch o Phng,
chng lt bo Trung ng v Ban ch huy phng, chng lt bo cc cp, cc
ngnhChnh ph19/05/1990
14. Ngh nh50/1997/N-CPQuy ch thnh lp v hot ng ca Qu phng, chng
lt, bo ca a phngChnh ph05/10/1997
15. Ngh nh62/1999/N-CPQuy ch v phn l, chm l thuc H thng sng Hng
bo v an ton cho th H NiChnh ph31/07/1999
16. Ngh nh71/2002/N-CPQuy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Php lnh
tnh trng khn cp trong trng hp c thm ho ln, dch bnh nguy himChnh
ph23/07/2002
17. Ngh nh196/2004/N-CPQuy nh chi tit thi hnh Php lnh d tr quc
giaChnh ph12/02/2004
18. Ngh nh78/2005/N-CPQuy nh v t chc, nhim v, quyn hn v sc phc
ca lc lng chuyn trch qun l iuChnh ph06/10/2005
19. Ngh nh08/2006/N-CP
Quy nh chi tit mt s iu
ca Php lnh Phng, chng lt, bo
c sa i, b sung ngy 24 thng 8 nm 2000Chnh ph
16/01/2006
20. Ngh nh67/2007/N-CPChnh sch tr gip cc i tng bo tr x hiChnh
ph13/04/2007
21. Ngh nh113/2007/N-CPQuy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu
ca Lut iuChnh ph28/06/2007
22. Ngh nh129/2007/N-CPQuy nh x pht vi phm hnh chnh v iuChnh
ph08/02/2007
23. Ngh nh148/2007/N-CPT chc, hot ng ca qu x hi, qu t thinChnh
ph25/09/2007
24. Ngh nh112/2008/N-CPQun l, bo v, khai thc tng hp ti nguyn v
mi trng cc h cha thu in, thu liChnh ph20/10/2008
25. Ngh nh13/2010/N-CP V sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s
67/2007/N-CP ngy 13 thng 4 nm 2007 ca Chnh ph v chnh sch tr gip cc
i tng bo tr x hi Chnh ph27/02/2010
26. Ngh nh93/2009/N-CP Ban hnh Quy ch qun l v s dng vin tr phi
Chnh ph nc ngoi Chnh ph 22/10/2009
27. Ngh nh117/2008/N-CPNgh nh v phng th dn sChnh
ph14/11/2008
28. Ngh nh64/2008/N-CP Ngh nh v vn ng, tip nhn, phn phi v s dng
cc ngun ng gp t nguyn h tr nhn dn khc phc kh khn do thin tai, ho
hon, s c nghim trng, cc bnh nhn mc bnh him nghoChnh ph14/5/2008
29. Ngh nh14/2010/N-CPv t chc, nhim v, quyn hn v c ch phi hp ca
Ban ch o Phng, chng lt, bo trung ng, Ban ch huy Phng, chng lt, bo v
tm kim cu nn ca B, ngnh v a phngChnh ph27/02/2010
30. Ngh nh73/2003/N-CP Ban hnh Quy ch xem xt quyt nh d ton v phn
b ngn sch a phng, ph chun quyt ton ngn sch a phngChnh
ph23/06/2003
31. Ch th07/1998/CT-TTgXy dng k hoch tm kim - cu nn t Trung ng n
cc a phngTh tng Chnh ph05/02/1998
32. Ch th32/2004/CT-TTgMt s bin php phng, trnh l qut cc tnh min
niTh tng Chnh ph17/09/2004
33. Ch th08/2008/CT-TTgCng tc phng, chng thin tai, lt, bo v tm
kim cu nn nm 2008Th tng Chnh ph26/02/2008
34. Ch th580/CT-TTgCng tc phng, chng thin tai, lt, bo v tm kim
cu nn nm 2009Th tng Chnh ph06/05/2009
35. Quyt nh668/1997/Q-TTgPhng hng, bin php gim nh thin tai v
nhng chng trnh ch yu pht trin kinh t - x hi cc tnh ven bin min
TrungTh tng Chnh ph22/08/1997
36. Quyt nh185/1999/Q-TTgChnh sch h tr i vi vng phn l, chm l
thuc h thng sng HngTh tng Chnh ph14/09/1999
37. Quyt nh21/2000/Q-TTgCh nh thu i vi cng tc xy dng tu b iuTh
tng Chnh ph16/02/2000
38. Quyt nh63/2002/Q-TTgCng tc phng, chng lt, bo, gim nh thin
taiTh tng Chnh ph20/05/2001
39. Quyt nh46/2006/Q-TTgPh duyt n Quy hoch tng th lnh vc tm kim
cu nn n nm 2015, tm nhn n nm 2020 Th tng Chnh ph28/02/2006
40. Quyt nh179/Q-TTGQuyt nh v ch ph cp u i theo ngh i vi lc lng
tm kim cu nn hng hi Th tng Chnh ph07/08/2006
41. Quyt nh193/2006/Q-TTgPh duyt Chng trnh b tr dn c cc vng:
thin tai, c bit kh khn, bin gii, hi o, di c t do, xung yu v rt xung
yu ca rng phng h, khu bo v nghim ngt ca rng c dng giai on 2006 -
2010 v nh hng n nm 2015Th tng Chnh ph24/08/2006
42. Quyt nh245/2006/Q-TTgQuy ch bo p thp nhit i, bo, lTh tng
Chnh ph27/10/2006
43. Quyt nh264/2006/Q-TTgQuy ch bo tin ng t, cnh bo sng thnTh
tng Chnh ph16/11/2006
44. Quyt nh285/2006/Q-TTgNi dung thm quyn ban hnh v t chc thc
hin Quy trnh vn hnh h cha thy inTh tng Chnh ph25/12/2006
45. Quyt nh78/2007/Q-TTgBan hnh quy ch phng, chng ng t, sng
thnTh tng Chnh ph29/05/2007
46. Quyt nh80/2007/Q-TTgBan hnh Quy trnh vn hnh lin h cha thu in
Ho Bnh, Tuyn Quang, Thc B trong ma l hng nmTh tng Chnh
ph01/06/2007
47. Quyt nh118/2007/Q-TTgQuy ch qun l ti chnh i vi hot ng tm kim
cu nn, cu h, ng ph thin tai, thm haTh tng Chnh ph25/07/2007
48. Quyt nh124/2007/Q-TTgQuy ch qun l trang thit b tm kim, cu
nnTh tng Chnh ph31/07/2007
49. Quyt nh124/2007/Q-TTG V vic ban hnh quy ch qun l trang thit
b tm kim cu nnTh tng Chnh ph31/07/2007
50. Quyt nh1656/2007/Q-TTgPh duyt danh mc quy nh chi tit cc chng
loi trang thit b tm kim, cu nn v danh mc cc d n u t sn xut, mua sm
trang thit b tm kim, cu nn n nm 2015Th tng Chnh ph06/12/2007
51. Quyt nh1656/Q-TTG Ph duyt danh mc quy nh chi tit cc chng loi
trang thit b tm kim, cu nn v danh mc cc d n u t sn xut, mua sm
trang thit b tm kim, cu nn n nm 2015 Th tng Chnh ph06/12/2007
52. Quyt nh158/2008/Q-TTg Ph duyt Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia v bin
i kh huTh tng Chnh ph02/02/2008
53. Quyt nh148/2008/Q-TTG V ch ph cp c th i bin i vi cng chc,
vin chc, cng nhn, nhn vin trn tu tm kim cu nn hng hi Th tng Chnh
ph20/11/2008
54. Quyt nh6/2009/Q-TTG Ph duyt K hoch thc hin Cng c quc t v tm
kim v cu nn hng hi nm 1979 (Cng c SAR 79)Th tng Chnh
ph15/01/2009
55. Quyt nh76/2009/Q-TTgKin ton y ban Quc gia Tm kim Cu nn v H
thng t chc tm kim cu nn ca cc B, ngnh Trung ng v a phngTh tng Chnh
ph11/05/2009
56. Quyt nh141/2009/Q-TTG V c ch tin lng v ch ph cp u i theo ngh
i vi lc lng tm kim cu nn hng hi Th tng Chnh ph31/12/2009
57. Quyt nh286/2006/Q-TTG V vic ban hnh Chng trnh quc gia xc tin
vn ng vin tr phi chnh ph nc ngoi giai on 2006 - 2010 Th tng Chnh ph
27/12/2006
58. Quyt nh93/Q-TTg V ch bi dng i vi kim sot vin iu tham gia trc
tip x l s c khi c bo ng lt, bo Th tng Chnh ph 05/04/1999
59. Quyt nh340/TTg Ban hnh Quy ch hot ng ca cc NGO ti Vit Nam Th
tng Chnh ph21/08/2001
60. Quyt nh64/2001/Q-TTg Ban hnh Quy ch qun l v s dng vin tr phi
chnh ph nc ngoiTh tng Chnh ph26/04/2001
61. Quyt nh118/2008/Q-TTg Ban hnh Quy ch qun l ti chnh i vi hot
ng tm kim cu nn, cu h, ng ph thin tai, thm ho Th tng Chnh
ph27/08/2008
62. Quyt nh245/2006/Q-TTgBan hnh Quy ch bo p thp nhit i, bo, lTh
tng Chnh ph27/10/2006
63. Quyt nh 70/2006/Q-TTgch ph cp c th i bin i vi cng chc, vin
chc, cng nhn, nhn vin trn tu tm kim cu nn hng hiTh tng Chnh
ph29/03/2006
64. Quyt nh 10/Q-TTgV vic h tr kinh ph cho cc a phng x l cc cng
trnh chng st l, , k, phng, chng lt, bo cp bch Th tng Chnh
ph05/01/2009
65. Quyt nh 2045/Q-TTgV vic h tr kinh ph cho cc a phng x l cp
bch cc cng trnh , k phc v phng, chng lt, boTh tng Chnh
ph07/12/2009
66. Quyt nh 1600/Q-TTG Ph duyt iu chnh mc vay lm nh v mua tr chm
nn nh trong cc cm tuyn dn c thuc Chng trnh xy dng cm tuyn dn c v nh
vng ngp l ng bng sng Cu Long Th tng Chnh ph 15/10/2009
67. Ch th/2000/CT-BTMCng tc phng, chng lt, bo, gim nh thin tai
nm 2000B Thng mi01/04/2000
68. Ch th03/CT-BTTTTCng tc phng, chng lt, bo, gim nh thin tai nm
2009B Thng tin v Truyn thng07/04/2009
69. Quyt nh18/2008/Q-BTNMT Ban hnh Quy chun k thut quc gia v D
bo l B ti nguyn mi trng31/12/2008
70. Thng t lin tch48/2009/TTLT-BTC-BNNHng dn ch qun l, s dng v
thanh quyt ton kinh ph s nghip kinh t duy tu, bo dng iuB Ti Chnh, B
Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn12/03/2009
71. Thng t07/2005/TT-BTC Thng t hng dn qun l ti chnh i vi cc hot
ng ca Hi Ch thp B ti chnh 18/1/2005
72. Quyt nh97/2007/Q-TTgQuy ch nhp, xut vt t, thit b d tr quc
gia do Cc D tr quc gia trc tip qun lB Ti Chnh03/12/2007
73. Quyt nh10/2008/Q-BTC Ban hnh Quy ch qun l ti chnh qu x hi,
qu t thinB ti chnh02/12/2008
74. Thng t72/2009/TT-BTCHng dn thc hin Ngh nh s 64/2008/N-CP ngy
14 thng 5 nm 2008 ca Chnh ph v vn ng, tip nhn, phn phi v s dng cc
ngun ng gp t nguyn h tr nhn dn khc phc kh khn do thin tai, ho hon,
s c nghim trng, cc bnh nhn mc bnh him nghoB Ti Chnh31/07/2008
75. Thng t60/2009/TT-BTCQuy chun k thut quc gia v d tr nh nc i
vi phao trn cu sinh bin sonB Ti Chnh26/03/2009
76. Thng t92/2009/TT-BTCHng dn vic thanh ton kinh ph t ngun ngn
sch nh nc cho cc t chc, c nhn tham gia hot ng tm kim cu nn, cu h,
ng ph thin tai, thm hoB Ti Chnh12/05/2009
77. Thng t143/2009/TT-BTCHng dn lp d ton, qun l v s dng kinh ph
m bo cho xut, cp hng d tr quc gia cu tr, h tr v vin trB Ti
Chnh15/07/2009
78. Thng t178/2009/TT-BTCBan hnh Quy chun k thut quc gia v d tr
nh nc i vi phao o cu sinhB Ti Chnh10/09/2009
79. Thng t195/2009/TT-BTCQuy nh v giao nhn, qun l, phn phi, s
dng hng xut cp t ngun d tr quc gia khng thu tin cu tr, h tr, tm kim
cu h, cu nn, phng, chng, khc phc hu qu thin tai, ho hon, dch bnhB
Ti Chnh05/10/2009
80. Thng t195/2009/TT-BTCQuy nh v giao nhn, qun l, phn phi, s
dng hng xut cp t ngun d tr quc gia khng thu tin cu tr, h tr, tm kim
cu h, cu nn, phng, chng, khc phc hu qu thin tai, ho hon, dch bnhB
Ti Chnh05/10/2009
81. Thng t18/2010/TT-BTC Ban hnh Quy chun k thut quc giav d tr
nh nc i vi xung cu nn B ti chnh01/02/2010
82. Thng t109/2007/TT-BTC Hng dn ch qun l ti chnh Nh nc i vi vin
tr phi chnh ph nc ngoi khng thuc ngun thu Ngn sch nh nc B Ti Chnh
10/09/2007
83. Ch th92/CT-BQPCng tc phng, chng, gim nh thin tai v tm kim cu
nn nm 2009B Quc Phng08/12/2008
84. Thng t lin tch64/2006/TTLT-BNN-BNV-BTCHng dn thc hin quyt nh
s 132 /2006/q-ttg ngy 31/5/2006 ca th tng chnh ph quy nh ch ph cp u
i theo ngh i vi cng chc, vin chc ngnh kim lm, bo v thc vt, th y v
kim sot iuB Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn, B Ni v, B Ti
Chnh25/08/2006
85. Quyt nh92/2006/Q-BNNQuy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t
chc ca thanh tra cc qun l iu v phng, chng lt, boB Nng nghip v pht
trin nng thn16/10/2006
86. Quyt nh26/2008/Q-BNNQuy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t
chc ca Cc Qun l iu v Phng chng lt boB Nng nghip v Pht trin nng
thn28/01/2008
87. Thng t15/2001/TT-BNN-PCLBHng dn lp n gi v ch d ton cng tc tu
b iu s dng lao ng nng nhnB Nng nghip v Pht trin nng
thn23/02/2001
88. Quyt nh92/2006/Q-BNNQuy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t
chc ca Thanh tra Cc Qun l iu v phng, chng lt, boB
NN&PTNT16/10/2006
89. quyt nh 922008/Q-BNNBan hnh Quy nh v qun l, pht hnh v cp bin
xe c php i trn ; xe kim tra ; xe h , xe lm nhim v khn cp v phng,
chng lt, bo B NN&PTNT17/09/2008
90. Thng t09/2007/TT-BLTBXHHng dn mt s iu ca ngh nh s
67/2007/N-CP ngy 13 thng 4 nm 2007 ca chnh ph v chnh sch tr gip cc
i tng bo tr x hiB Lao ng thng binh v x hi13/07/2007
91. Thng t26/2008/TT-BLDTBXHSa i, b sung mt s im ca thng t s
09/2007/TT-BLDTBXH ngy 13 thng 7 nm 2007 hng dn mt s iu ca ngh nh s
67/2007/ND-CP ngy 13 thng 4 nm 2007 ca chnh ph v chnh sch tr gip cc
i tng bo tr x hiB Lao ng thng binh v x hi10/11/2008
92. Quyt nh1035/2000/Q-BGTVTQuy ch Phng, chng, khc phc hu qu lt,
bo trong ngnh ng sngB Giao thng vn ti28/04/2000
93. Quyt nh1811/2000/Q-BGTVTQuy ch Phng, chng, khc phc hu qu lt,
bo trong ngnh Hng hiB Giao thng vn ti04/07/2000
94. Quyt nh2988/2001/Q-BGTVTQuy ch Phng, chng, khc phc hu qu lt,
bo trong ngnh ng bB Giao thng vn ti12/09/2001
95. Quyt nh3862/2001/Q-BGTVTQuy ch Phng, chng, khc phc hu qu lt,
bo trong ngnh ng stB Giao thng vn ti06/11/2001
96. Quyt nh3305/2002/Q-BGTVTQuy ch qun l s dng b cu phao (PMP) d
phng ca Ngnh GTVTB Giao thng vn ti14/10/2002
97. Quyt nh13/2004/Q-BGTVTQuy ch Phng, chng, khc phc hu qu lt,
bo trong ngnh Hng khngB Giao thng vn ti10/09/2004
98. Quyt nh2209/2006/Q-BGTVTQuy ch qun l v s dng vn, phng tin,
vt t d tr phng cho phng, chng lt, boB Giao thng vn ti16/10/2006
99. Quyt nh40/2006/Q-BGTVTQuy ch t chc v hot ng ca Ban ch o Tm
kim cu nn B Giao thng vn tiB Giao thng vn ti07/11/2006
100. Quyt nh312/Q-PCLBTWQuy ch v ch thng tin, bo co trong ch o,
trin khai i ph vi l, bo do ban ch o phng chng lt bo trung ng ban
hnh Ban ch o Phng chng lt bo Trung ng20/10/2008
101. Quyt nh103/Q-PCLBTWTrc ban phng chng lt bo ca Vn phng Ban
ch o Phng chng lt bo Trung ng, Vn phng Ban ch huy Phng chng lt bo v
Tm kim Cu nn cc cp, cc ngnhBan ch o Phng chng lt bo Trung
ng04/06/2009
Ph lc 2: Quyt nh v thnh vin tham gia ban ch o PCLBTW t nm
2011
BAN CH OPHNG CHNG LT BO TW-------CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAMc lp
- T do - Hnh phc---------------
S:89/Q-PCLBTWH Ni, ngy 19 thng 05 nm 2011
QUYT NHV THNH VIN THAM GIA BAN CH O PCLBTW T NM 2011TRNG BAN CH
O PHNG CHNG LT BO TRUNG NGCn c Php lnh Phng, chng lt, bo ngy
8/3/1993 v Php lnh b sung, sa i mt s iu ca Php lnh Phng, chng lt,
bo c U Ban thng v Quc hi nc Cng Ho X hi Ch ngha Vit Nam thng qua
ngy 24/8/2000;
Cn c Ngh nh 14/2010/N-CP ngy 27/2/2010 ca Chnh ph Quy nh v t
chc, nhim v, quyn hn v c ch phi hp ca Ban Ch o phng, chng lt, bo
Trung ng, Ban Ch huy phng, chng lt, bo v TKCN cc b, ngnh v P;
Cn c ngh ca cc B, ngnh v thnh vin tham gia Ban ch o PCLBTW;
Theo ngh ca ng Chnh Vn phng thng trc Ban Ch o PCLBTW.QUYT NH:iu
1. Cc thnh vin tham gia Ban ch o PCLBTW t nm 2011:1. ng Cao c Pht,
B trng B NN v PTNT: Trng ban2. ng o Xun Hc, Th trng B NN v PTNT: Ph
Trng ban T.T
3. ng Vn Trng L, Ph Ch nhim Vn phng Chnh ph: Ph Trng ban
4. ng Trn Quang Khu, Trung tng, Ph TTMT QNDVN: Ph Trng ban
5. ng Phm Minh Chnh, Trung tng, Th trng B Cng an: y vin
6. ng V Vn Tm, Th trng B NN v PTNT: y vin
7. ng Trn Hng H, Th trng B Ti nguyn - MT: y vin
8. ng Cao Vit Sinh, Th trng B K hoch v u t: y vin
9. ng Nguyn Hu Ch, Th trng B Ti chnh: y vin
10. ng Nguyn Trng m, Th trng B Lao ng - TBXH: y vin
11. ng Trng Tn Vin, Th trng B Giao thng - Vn ti: y vin
12. ng L Nam Thng, Th trng B Thng tin v Truyn thng: y vin
13. ng Hong Quc Vng, Th trng B Cng Thng: y vin
14. ng Bi Phm Khnh, Th trng B Xy dng: y vin
15. ng Nguyn B Thy, Th trng B Y t: y vin
16. ng Trn Quang Qu, Th trng B Gio dc v o to: y vin
17. ng Hunh Vnh i, Th trng B Vn ha, Th thao v DL: y vin
18. ng Nguyn Qun, Th trng B Khoa hc v Cng ngh: y vin
19. ng Nguyn Thanh Sn, Th trng B Ngoi giao: y vin
20. ng Phm Hoi Giang, Thiu tng, Cc trng Cc CHCN: y vin
21. ng Trn nh Dng, Thiu tng, Ph T lnh, TMT BBP: y vin
22. ng V Hi, Ph T. Gim c i Ting ni VN: y vin
23. ng Trn Bnh Minh, Ph T. Gim c i Truyn hnh VN: y vin
24. ng L Huy Minh, Ph Vin trng Vin Vt l a cu: y vin
25. ng Nguyn Hong Hip, B th TW on TNCS HCM: y vin
26. ng on Vn Thi, Ph Ch tch Hi ch thp VN: y vin
27. ng Bi Vn c, Tng G TT KTTVQG B Ti nguyn - MT:yvin28. ng Nguyn
Xun Diu, Ph TCT Tng cc Thu li:yvin thng trc29. ng Trn Quang Hoi, Cc
trng Cc QL&PCLB:yviniu 2.Nhim v ca cc Ph Trng Ban v ccyvin do
Trng Ban phn cng.iu 3. Quyt nh ny thay th Quyt nh s 53/Q-PCLBTW ngy
07/4/2010 v c hiu lc t ngy k. ng Chnh vn phng thng trc Ban ch o
PCLBTW, cc thnh vin c tn trong iu 1 v Th trng cc n v c lin quan chu
trch nhim thi hnh Quyt nh ny./.Ni nhn:- Th tng Chnh ph Nguyn Tn
Dng; ( b/c)- Ph TTg Hong Trung Hi; ( b/c)- VP Trung ng ng; ( b/c)-
VP Ch tch nc; ( b/c)- VP Quc hi; ( b/c)- VP Chnh ph; ( b/c)- Ban CH
PCLB&TKCN cc B, ngnh;- UBND, Ban ch huy PCLB cc tnh, TP;- Nh iu
3;- Lu VP.TRNG BAN
( k)
Cao c Pht
Ph lc 3: Tng hp cn b cng tc ti cc Ban ch huy phng, chng lt, bo v
tm kim cu nn cp tnh
STTTnh/ Thnh phBan ch huyVn phng (ngi)Tiu ban
(ban)
Trng ban - Ph trng bany vin (ngi)
1 H Ni6 (Ph ch tch UBND thnh ph)13636
2 C Mau6 (ph ch tch UBND tnh) 30
3 k Lk4 (Ph ch tch UBND tnh)22
4 H Giang4 (Ph ch tch UBND tnh)19
5 Lai Chu4 (Ph ch tch UBND tnh)19
6 Cao Bng4 (Ph ch tch UBND tnh)21
7 Tr Vinh4 (Ph ch tch UBND tnh)24
8 Kon Tum3 (Ph ch tch thng trc UBND tnh)24
9 Lm ng3 (Ph ch tch UBND tnh)14
10 Lo Cai4 (Ph ch tch UBND tnh)20
11 Khnh Ha5 (Ph ch tch UBND tnh) 23
12 in Bin4 (Ph ch tch UBND tnh ph trch khi nng nghip)21
13 Kin Giang5 (Ph ch tch UBND tnh)23
14 ng Thp4 (Ph ch tch UBND tnh)203
15 Bc Kn4 (Ph ch tch UBND tnh)157
16 Qung Nam5 (Ph ch tch thng trc UBND tnh)35
17 Bc Giang3 (Ph ch tch UBND tnh)13
18 Qung Ninh4 (Ph ch tch thng trc UBND tnh)23
19 Thi Nguyn4 (Ph Ch tch UBND tnh)21
20 Bnh Thun4 (Ph Ch tch UBND tnh)28
21 k Nng4 (Ph Ch tch thng trc UBND tnh)17
22 Ninh Thun4 (Ph Ch tch thng trc UBND tnh)29
23 Bn Tre4 (Ph Ch tch UBND tnh)293
24 Ngh An5 (Ph Ch tch thng trc UBND tnh)27
25 Ph Th4 (Ch tch UBND tnh)20
26 Hng Yn6 (Ch tch UBND tnh)14
27 Nam nh4 (Ch tch UBND tnh)21
28 Thnh ph H Ch Minh11 (Ch tch UBND thnh ph) 22
29 Bc Ninh6 (Ch tch UBND tnh) 17
30 Ninh Bnh7 (Ch tch UBND tnh)193
31 Ha Bnh6 (Ch tch UBND tnh)236
32 Vnh Phc5 (Ch tch UBND tnh)14
33 Hi Dng6 (Ch tch UBND tnh)17
Ph lc 4. Tm tt kt qu r sot cc vn bn php lut Vit Nam v phng chng
thin tai theo iu khonI. V CC NH NGHA C LIN QUAN N THIN TAI/ THM
HA
STTTn VBPLNi dung iu khonnh gi
1Php lnh phng chng lt bo 1993-2000iu 2Lt, bo () gm l, ngp lt, nc
bin dng, bo, p thp nhit i, lc, st l t do ma, l, bo v sng bin gy
raThut ng thin tai, thm ha c dng trong mt s vn bn quy phm php lut
ca Vit Nam trong lnh vc qun l thin tai thm ha cha thng nht vi nhau
v cha thng nht vi cch hiu m mt s vn kin quc t v khu vc a ra. Mt s
vn bn quy phm php lut c nh ngha di dng lit k, cha mang tnh khi
qut.
2Ngh nh v phng th dn s s 117/2008/N-CPiu 3 gii thch thut ng thm
ha l nhng bin ng do thin nhin, dch bnh nguy him hoc do con ngi gy
ra hoc do hu qu chin tranh lm thit hi nghim trng v ngi, ti sn, mi
trng t nhin.
3Ngh nh s 14/2010/N-CP ngy 27 thng 2 nm 2010 Quy nh v t chc,
nhim v, quyn hn v c ch phi hp ca Ban ch o phng, chng lt, bo Trung
ng, Ban ch huy phng, chng lt, bo v tm kim cu nn cc B, ngnh v a phng
nm 2010 iu 3 gii thch thut ng thin tai v tnh hung thin tai:
1. Thin tai (...) bao gm: ma ln, p thp nhit i, bo, l, l qut, ngp
lt, ging, lc, st, st l do ma l, nc dng, ng t, sng thn.
2. Tnh hung thin tai l giai on k t khi mt hoc mt s thin tai qui
nh ti khon 1 iu 3, bt u xut hin v c kh nng gy nh hng n tnh mng, ti
sn ca nh nc, nhn dn v cc hot ng kinh t, x hi trn lnh th, cc vng bin
o ca nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam cho n khi khng cn kh nng gy nh
hng n Vit Nam.
4Quy ch bo tin ng t, cnh bo sng thn (Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s
264/2006/Q-TTg ngy 16/11/2006 ca Th tng Chnh ph)iu 2 gii thch thut
ng:
1. Sng thn l sng bin chu k di, lan truyn vi vn tc ln (c khi n
800km/gi) Sng thn c quy nh trong Quy ch ny l sng thn gy ra bi ng t
hoc hot ng ca ni la.
3. ng t (cn gi l a chn) l s rung ng mt t, gy ra bi cc dch chuyn
t ngt ca cc a khi theo cc t gy a cht trong lng t (gi l ng t kin
to), cc v n ni la (gi l ng t ni la), cc v sp hang ng, cc v trt l t,
thin thch v cc v n nhn to.
5Lut phng chy cha chy s 27/2001/QH10iu 31. Chy c hiu l trng hp
xy ra chy khng kim sot c c th gy thit hi v ngi, ti sn v nh hng mi
trng.
2. Cht nguy him v chy, n l cht lng, cht kh, cht rn hoc hng ho,
vt t d xy ra chy, n.
II. V CC NGUYN TC T CHC THC HIN
STTTn VBPLNi dung iu khonnh gi
1Php lnh phng chng lt bo 1993-2000iu 3 quy nh nguyn tc Nh nc
thng nht qun l cng tc phng, chng lt bo trn phm vi c nc. K hoch v
bin php phng chng lt bo phi linh hot, ph hp vi iu kin thc tin tng
vng min.Hu ht cc vn bn u quy nh Chnh ph thng nht qun l nh nc v phng
chng thin tai. Cc vn bn cho thy c s phi hp, phn cp, phn quyn gia
trung ng v a phng trn c s xc nh r quyn hn v trch nhim tng cp, cng
nh cc b ngnh lin quan. Cc vn bn php lut mi nn i theo tinh thn ny
trong vic quy nh v nguyn tc phng chng v gim nh thin tai. c bit, cn
nht mnh hn cc tiu ch: phng hn chng, khc phc km ti thit, da vo cng
ng v m bo pht trin bn vng.
2Quyt nh ph duyt Chin lc