5/ 14/12

5/ 14/12

YOU DO NOT NEED NOTEBOOKS TODAY

From the back table, pick up your question sheet from Friday

5/15/12

1. Who is this man?

2. What is he famous for?

FYI: WE ONLY HAVE 2 MORE WEEKS TOGETHER

Evolution

Theory of Evolution

o Change over time

Organisms gradually change over time by adapting to their

environment

Important Terms

• Natural Selectiono Individuals that have physical or behavioral traits

that better suite their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than those that do not have such traits.

• AdaptationoA structure, process, or behavior that improves

an organism’s chances of survival and reproduction.

The Theory of Evolution: Overview

Charles Darwin’s Contributions–The Theory–Influences–His work

• How Evolution Happens

o Organisms gradually change over time by adapting to their environment through natural

selection

oCreated a tree of life, where all organisms share a common ancestor

oActually his main contribution was NATURAL SELECTION

Darwin’s Theory

Darwin’s Influences

–The Beagle–People•Charles Lyell•Thomas Malthus

–Domesticated Animals

The Voyage of the Beagle

–Expedition to South America in 1831.

–This gave him lots of time to study the plants and animals of the area.

–The Galapagos Islands were especially important.

• Galapagos Islands–Darwin observed unique plants and animals

on each island.

–Each island had a different type of finch with its own habit and food source. They all seemed to be related.

Charles Lyell

- Stated that the surface of the earth changed

over long periods of time.

Thomas Malthus

- Stated that populations are

limited by available resources.

- If the population gets too big, then death

occurs

Domesticated Animals– Farmers practiced

selective breeding.

– They chose animals with desired characteristics and bred them.

– This allowed them to raise more offspring with the desired trait.

Main Points of Darwin’s Theory

• There is variation within populations.

• Some variations are more favorable than others.

• The survivors reproduce and pass on favorable traits.

• Over huge spans of time, the small changes add up and the population changes.

Evidence for Evolution

• Fossils (rock records)• Embryo Development (we can see this)• Adaptations through natural selection • Homologous structures (bones)• DNA relationships (genes we share)

Fossils

Embryo development

Natural Selection• Mechanism that allows one trait with an

advantage for survival in an environment to be passed on to the offspring. Survival of the fittest!

Homologous Structures (bones)

• Same structure, different function

Fossils• Remains of

organisms or their imprints that have been preserved

• The fossil record shows change of life

forms over long periods of time.

• Fossils are formed when organisms die and are buried in sediment. Eventually the sediment builds up and hardens to become sedimentary rock.

Kinds of fossils

• Petrified - when minerals replace the hard parts of an organism and they become rock

• Mold - when the organism decays and leaves an empty space (hollow)

• Cast – Minerals in rock fill a space left by a decayed organism and makes a replica of the organism

Let’s Take A Look At Some Fossils!!

5/16/12Get right to work on the sheet that was handed to you at the

door.

Use the loose leaf from your notebook

TURN IN ANY LATE OR MISSING ASSIGNMENTS

5/16/12

1. What are at least 3 things that show support/ evidence for Evolution?

2. What is a fossil?

3. What can a fossil show us?

TURN IN LATE AND MISSING WORK!!!!

How Do Fossils Show Evidence of Evolution?

1. Location on Earth

2. Location in rock layers

3. Similarities and differences between them

The dating of all fossils is included in the Geological Time Scale. This scale divides the

time that the earth has existed.

ERA: tens to hundreds of millions of years

(High School)

PERIOD: Tens of millions of years.

(one period in a school day)

EPOCH: Several Million Years (One minute in a

school day)

Geologic time is based off of important events

that occurred in the history of the Earth.

Use the Geologic Time Scale to Answer the Following:

1. Which Era shows evidence of the first whales?

2. Which Period shows evidence of the first dinosaurs?

3. Which Epoch shows evidence of the first modern humans?

4. Which period shows evidence of the first birds?

5/17/12Get to work on your timelines!

You will have no more than 20 minutes to finish.

I AM COLLECTING THEM TODAY!

TURN IN ANY LATE WORK. ALL LATE WORK IS DUE: A WEEK FROM TODAY!

Evidence for Evolution

• Fossils (rock records)• Embryo Development (we can see this)• Adaptations through natural selection • Homologous structures (bones)• DNA relationships (genes we share)

Embryo Development

Adaptations

Any variation that aids an organism’s chances of survival in its environment

1. Look at the pictures of the animals that have been passed out to you.

2. Write down the animal name and 2-3 adaptations that are helpful to it

and WHY

3. Switch animal sheets with another group at the table and repeat the

steps