4th International Summer School in Philosophy of …wp.unil.ch/isspp/files/2016/07/catalina-Saig-july2016.pdf · Paradox-free description of the quantum ... time. Once every 100 million

4th International Summer School in

Philosophy of Physics

18 – 23 July 2016, Saig, Germany

3

LNGS-INFN – cosmic silence

Evento raro

Possible solutions:

-De Broglie – Bohm

- Many-World Interpretations

-Collapse of the w.f.

-.....

Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso,

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare

LNGS

Trieste: 5 luglio 2010 22

What are collapse models

1. Collapse models = solution of the measurement problem

Paradox-free description of the quantum world

2. Collapse models = rival theory of Quantum Mechanics

They give quantitative meaning to experiments testing quantum linearity

3. Collapse models as phenomenological models of an underlying pre-quantum theory

Can gravity causes the collapse?

The GRW theory supposes that noise sporadically

strikes particles and causes them to materialize

in one of the locations open to them.

This can’t happen very often, or else particle behavior

would deviate from the Schrödinger equation all the

time. Once every 100 million years is enough,

because when the blow does come, its effect is greatly

amplified by quantum entanglement—the spooky

interconnection of particles.

A hit on one particle is felt by all those it is entangled

with. (George Musser, The Noise at the Bottom of the Universe, 14th July 2016)

Trieste: 5 luglio 2010 28

Laboratory experiments

Distance (decades) from the enhanced

CSL value Cosmological data

Distance (decades) from the enhanced

CSL value

Fullerene diffraction experiments 12-13 (3-4)

Dissociation of cosmic hydrogen 18 (9)

Decay of supercurrents (SQUIDs) 15 (6)

Heating of Intergalactic medium (IGM) 9 (0)

Spontaneous X-ray emission from Ge 8 (-1)

Heating of protons in the universe 13 (4)

Proton decay 19 (10) Heating of Interstellar

dust grains 16 (7)

Upper bounds on the parameter λ

S.L. Adler and A. Bassi, Science 325, 275 (2009)

New analysis: using published data of the IGEX

experiment (K. Piscicchia)

The IGEX experiment is a low-activity Ge based experiment dedicated

to the bb0n decay research. (C. E. Aalseth et al., IGEX collaboration

Phys. Rev. C 59, 2108 (1999))

In (A. Morales et al., IGEX collaboration Phys. Lett. B 532, 8-14 (2002))

the published data acquired for an exposure of 80 kg day in the energy

range:

DE = (4 – 49) keV « me

= 512 keV → compatible with the non-relativistic

assumption.

New analysis: results and discussion

The X-ray spectrum was fitted assuming the predicted energy dependence:

With a(l) free parameter, bin contents are treated with Poisson statistics.

Fit result:

Spontaneous emission including nuclear

protons – data taking at LNGS in 2014

(ultrapure Ge)!

Spontaneous emission – data taking at LNGS in 2014

(ultrapure Ge)!

Under analysis -> understand the background

Spontaneous emission – data taking at LNGS in 2014

(ultrapure Ge)! (3 months)

Trieste: 5 luglio 2010 41

Laboratory experiments

Distance (decades) from the enhanced

CSL value Cosmological data

Distance (decades) from the enhanced

CSL value

Fullerene diffraction experiments 12-13 (3-4)

Dissociation of cosmic hydrogen 18 (9)

Decay of supercurrents (SQUIDs) 15 (6)

Heating of Intergalactic medium (IGM) 9 (0)

Spontaneous X-ray emission ? 2(-7) Heating of protons in

the universe 13 (4)

Proton decay 19 (10) Heating of Interstellar

dust grains 16 (7)

Upper bounds on the parameter λ

S.L. Adler and A. Bassi, Science 325, 275 (2009)

Present day technology allows for crucial tests

Future plans:

- finalize data analyses

- include contribute from nucleons

- perform other data taking in 2016

(optimized setup)

- Work on the “color of the noise”

- Lambda versus a exclusion plot

- Other measurements at LNGS?

Questions:

-What induces the collapse:

Could be related with gravity?

-Has it anything to do with dark

Sector (matter, energy)?

- Is there any theory beyond QM?

Their minds sang with the ecstatic knowledge

that either what they were doing was completely

and utterly and totally impossible or that physics

had a lot of catching up to do. Douglas Noel Adams

We also search for the impossible atoms

An experiment to test the Pauli Exclusion

Principle (PEP) for electrons in a clean

environment (LNGS) using atomic physics

methods – the VIP experiment

Theories of Violation of Statistics

O.W. Greenberg: AIP Conf.Proc.545:113-127,2004

“Possible external motivations for violation of statistics include:

(a) violation of CPT, (b) violation of locality, (c) violation of

Lorentz invariance, (d) extra space dimensions, (e) discrete space

and/or time and (f) noncommutative spacetime. Of these (a) seems

unlikely because the quon theory which obeys CPT allows

violations, (b) seems likely because if locality is satisfied we can

prove the spin-statistics connection and there will be no violations,

(c), (d), (e) and (f) seem possible…………..

Hopefully either violation will be found experimentally or our

theoretical efforts will lead to understanding of why only bose

and fermi statistics occur in Nature.”

THE VIP COLLABORATION

M. Bragadireanu, T. Ponta

“Horia Holubei” National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering -

Bucharest, Romania

M. Laubenstein

Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso dell’INFN - Italy

M. S. Bartalucci, S. Bertolucci, M. Catitti, C. Curceanu (Petrascu) , S. Di Matteo,

C.Guaraldo, M. Iliescu, D. Pietreanu, D. L. Sirghi, F. Sirghi, L. Sperandio, O. Vazquez

Doce

Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell’INFN - Frascati, Italy

J.-P. Egger

Univ. of Neuchâtel - Neuchâtel, Switzerland

E. Milotti

Univ. Degli Studi di Trieste and INFN Sezione di Trieste - Trieste, Italy

M. Cargnelli, T. Ishiwatari, J. Marton, E. Widmann, J. Zmeskal

STEFAN MEYER Institute for Subatomic Physics - Vienna, Austria

n=2

n=1

Normal 2p –>1s

transition

Energy 8.04 keV

2p –>1s transition

violating

Pauli principle

Energy 7.7 keV

Search for anomalous X-ray transitions

when bringing “new” electrons

Experimental method:

n=2

n=1

Messiah Greenberg superselection rule

n=2

n=1

Normal 2p –>1s

transition

Energy 8.04 keV

2p –>1s transition

violating

Pauli principle

Energy 7.7 keV

Search for anomalous X-ray transitions

when bringing “new” electrons

Experimental method:

n=2

n=1

Messiah Greenberg superselection rule

VIP setup at LNGS - 2006

Final setup at LNGS

VIP spectra at LNGS

VIP limit at LNGS

We have thus improved the limit obtained by Ramberg & Snow by a factor 400

(Foundation of Physics 41 (2011) 282)

292 1032/ b

PEP violation

Probability:

VIP2

Spin Statistics: (VIP) at LNGS

)33(292 1032/ b

“Hopefully either violation will be found experimentally or

our theoretical efforts will lead to understanding of why only

bose and fermi statistics occur in Nature” (Greenberg)

We have thus improved the previous limit by about 2 orders of magnitude

In next 10-15 years: go to10-32 – 10-33 (-37 ?)

)35(312 102/ b

VIP-2 (to be installed at

LNGS in 2014)

VIP limit on the probability

of PEP violation:

Organizzazione eventi 2015: International Workshop:

Is Quantum Theory exact?

The endeavour for the theory beyond standard quantum mechanics

Second Edition

LNF-INFN, 23-25 September 2015 (19-21 December 2016)

Feynman

There are the rushing waves

mountains of molecules

each stupidly minding its own business

trillions apart

yet forming white surf in unison.

Ages on ages

before any eyes could see

year after year

thunderously pounding the shore as now.

For whom, for what?

On a dead planet

with no life to entertain.

Never at rest

tortured by energy

wasted prodigiously by the sun

poured into space.

A mite makes the sea roar.

Deep in the sea

all molecules repeat

the patterns of another

till complex new ones are formed.

They make others like themselves

and a new dance starts.

Growing in size and complexity

living things

masses of atoms

DNA, protein

dancing a pattern ever more intricate.

Out of the cradle

onto dry land

here it is

standing:

atoms with consciousness;

matter with curiosity.

Stands at the sea, wondering: I

a universe of atoms

an atom in the universe.

The support from the Foundational Question

Institute (FQXi) in the framework of the

project:

"Events' as we see them: experimental test

of the collapse models as a solution of the

measurement-problem." (FQXi Grant

number: FQXi-RFP-1505)

is acknowledged

63

The support from the John Templeton

Foundation in the framework of the project:

58158: Hunt for the “impossible atoms”:

the quest for a tiny violation of the

Pauli Exclusion Principle, Implications for

physics, cosmology and philosophy

is acknowledged