4th and 4 , 2017) Potentials of Global Biomass Energy and ...jastip.org/sites/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Prof-Sakanishi.pdf · Potentials of Global Biomass Energy ... •ICT network

Potentials of Global Biomass Energy

and R&D of Biomass Refinery

Technologies

Kinya Sakanishi

Deputy Director-General,

Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute,

AIST (FREA),

Koriyama, Fukushima 963-0298,

Japan

4th JASTIP Symposium “Biomass to Energy, Chemicals and Functional Materials ”

(NSTDA, Thailand, July 3rd and 4th, 2017)

2

FREA(Fukushima Renwable Energy Institute, AIST)(Established in Koriyama City, Japan , in April, 2014 )

Rated Output: 300kW

Wind Power System

Hydrogen Bldg.

Annex Building

Clean Rooms, Experiment Rooms

Main Building

Research Labs, Area 6,900㎡

PV Power System

Rated Output: 500kW

Total Land Area：78,000㎡

Smart System Research

Facility in April, 2016

(newly built)

Energy Management Bldg.

MCH Bldg.

Renewable Energy Network at FREA

System R&D for renewable energies mass introduction• MW PV, wind power integration with storage (batteries, hydrogen)

• ICT network for power generation forecast and system control

• Test bed for new technology (power electronics etc.), demonstration

• International standardization

3

Hydrogen Carrier Production / Application

• Hydrogen production from PV, wind turbine output

• Conversion to organic-hydrate (liquid at room temperature), large

scale storage at high density for long term

• 3H2 + C6H5CH3 C6H11CH3（methyl-cyclohexane）

– Hydrogenation / dehydrogenation by catalytic reaction

• Combined heat and power application by engine / fuel cell

• Utilization of O2 from H2O electrolysis for biomass to H2 & fuels

4

Year Policies

2002 Biomass Nippon Strategy

2005 Kyoto Protocol – Target Achievement Plan

2009 Basic Act for the Promotion of Biomass Utilization

2010 Basic Energy Plan (Revised)

2010 National Plan for the Promotion of Biomass Utilization

2012 Biomass Industrialization Strategy <Feed-in Tariff started>

2014 Basic Energy Plan (Revised） 2015 Revised FIT for Biomass Power Generation

2016 Electricity Deregulation started from April

Ministry of Economy,Trade and IndustryAgency of NaturalResourcesand Energy

Major Developments of Biomass Policy in Japan

■After the Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent nuclear accident happened, the

biomass industrialization strategy was drawn as principle to create regional green industry andfortify an independent and distributed energy supply system.

Source: Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries

2011.3.11 Great East Japan Earthquake and Accident of

Fukushima 1st Nuclear Power Plant

6

7

8

9

Looking Back and Forward

Current Situation of World Energy

Source : IEA Task39 Work Shop, September 2008

Biomass Supply Prospects – Uncertainties Remain

• Total biomass demand for heat, power and biofuels reaches 8-11 billion tons in 2050

• Intermediate targets should be adopted to enhance international biomass trade, and assess

costs and impact on sustainability

Source: Adapted from IPCC (2011), and supplemented with IEA data

< Source: Based on IPCC SRREN, 2011 >

21

Scheme of Sustainable Asian Biomass Strategy=> ASEAN+6 and Asia-Pacific Collaborations

Best Practice Scenario and System for Sustainable

Biomass Utilization Models in East Asian Countries

Total Promotion of Biomass Asia Strategy

Extensive Win-Win Collaboration in Asia

International R&D Joint Projects on Biomass,

Especially agriculture and engineering fields

ASEAN

Japan

Technology, IP, Human resources

Resources, Economical development,

Technology transfer

Energy, Materials, CO2 reduction：CDM&JCM⇒Sustainable Development

Win-Win

relationshipChina

23

Foresight of ASEAN Agricultural Residue in 2030

Source : NEDO Research Report in 2007

(Converted into Ethanol x1000 kL)

* The figures in yellow background are the promising quantities for producing ethanol

Target Technology & Products for Biomass Utilization

Biomass LCA (NREL etc.)

Energy Crops

(Cassava, Sugar

Cane, Oil palm,

Jatropha, Sago

Palm etc.)

Aquatic Biomass

Sewage Sludge

Forestry Products,

Old palm trunk etc.

Agricultural Waste

(rice husk & straw,

baggasse etc.

Biomass Target Technology Products

MeOH,DME,SyntheticFuels,OlefinsHydrogen

Bioethanol,

Bio-ethylene,

Bio-propylene

BDFBioplastics,

Bio-chemicals

Food Wastes

Methane &

Hydrogen

Fermentation

Non-acidic Pretreatments(Hot-compressed Water&Mechano-chemical milling)

BTL with catalysis,

Flash pyrolysis &

Gasification for CHP

Two-stageFermentation, &Waste-water treatment

Fertilizer,

Animal feed

Plant Growth,Clone Identification

Technical and Post Doctoral Training

(JICA/JST, NEF, AIST fellowship etc.)

HydrothermalPretreatment, &Carbonization

Extraction & Catalysis etc.

Standardization in Asia &

JIS, and ISO

2000-2010

Fuel technologies for urban

environment

2010-2020

Fuel technologies for mini-

minimizing fuel consumption

Petroleum

S-free

gasoline

S-free

diesel

S-free・low-aroma・low-

olefins and high octane

gasoline

S-free・low-aroma diesel

Natural Gas

Biomass

Coal

Heavy Oils

Syngas

CO/H2

FT Synthesis,

GTL / BTL

DME

Methanol

H2 for Fuel CellH2

*PM,NOx reduction

*Advanced end-of-pipe technologies

*CO2 reduction

*New engine system/new fuel

Future Needs for Alternative Transportation Fuel

S-free,

Aroma-free

Energy security

2020-

Designed

fuel

etc.

Overall Biomass Refinery Scheme

Principles of Biomass Refining Technology

Cell wall structure: Natural nanocomposite

To overcome “Biomass Recalcitrance”: responsible for the high cost of lignocellulose conversion.

Nanofibrillation by

the combined

method of HCW

treatment and wet-

milling process

Nanospace formation between cellulose microfibrills by HCW treatment

De-lignification

of wet-milled

product

Morphology of the

fibrillated products by

wet-milling after the

hot compressed

water (HCW )

treatment.

Enzymatic

Saccharification

and Lignin

Recovery

Strategy for Biomass Platform by Combined Bio- & Chemical- Processes

Woody Biomass

Nano-cellulose fiber production

By hydrothermal and mechano-

chemical pretreatments

Enzymatic

Saccharification

in high conc.

solution

Fermentation by

Innovative Bio-

Processes

Gasification

H2

COCO2

N2

H2OH2SCOSダストタール

Gas Cleaning&Storage Catalytic ReactionsSyn-Gas

Bio-DME

&

Intermediates

Syntheses of Bio-DME &Hydrocarbons

Alcohols (Butanol,

Iso-butanol etc. ）

Lactic Acid etc.

Functional and Value-

added Products such

as Bio-surfactants and

Bio-materials

Bio-materials

Olefins such as

propylene

Aromatics etc.

Catalytic Production of Bio-Chemicals

Enzyme

Target １： Sugar Platform

Target 2： Syn-Gas Platform

Biomass Refinery TechnologyProduction of Biomass-

derived Chemicals

Bio-Process Conversion

29

Ex.: Process model for ETBE & BTL木材 水 水 水

50 90 320

炭酸ガス

３KＧ蒸気 ETOH500

240C6酵素糖化 空気 水

250 冷却水600

850 630９５℃温水 五炭糖

水 710 六炭糖840 水

270 640120 130 400 炭酸ガス

430150

灰分 灰分 415 冷却水205 530

190810 670

３KＧ蒸気 690水800 660 460 445 冷却水

680180 乳酸

830 465９５℃温水 空気 炭素材 メタン 水 乳酸

水 水 六炭糖820 冷却水 水 六炭糖

水

炭酸ガス ギ酸メチル 炭酸ガス　　ﾌﾟﾛﾊﾟﾝｼﾞｵｰﾙ水、窒素 メタノール 六炭糖、水 六炭糖

水

2.9

29.3

29.3

29.3

29.3発電

42.2

16.95.1

第２燃焼

水熱処理

五炭糖ETOH発酵

水蒸気改質

11.8

ｸﾛﾏﾄ分離１

六炭糖酵素糖化

貯蔵３

蒸発

16.4

9.6

五炭糖酵素糖化

75.7

107.2107.2 75.7

第２粉砕

16.1 107.2

68.5

107.2

68.5熱交換２

空気圧縮２

191.8

熱交換４

空気圧縮１

68.5

0.041.6

13.2

炭化

1.64

熱交換３

第１燃焼

貯蔵１ 濾過

15.1

1.5

40.6

31.5

熱交換１

固液分離＆爆砕

第１粉砕

75.7

ｸﾛﾏﾄ分離２

19.2

2.0

40.6 53.8

貯蔵２

1.1

2.8 8.5

MEOH合成

40.6

40.611.4

1.3

12.6

MFOR合成

貯蔵５

貯蔵７ﾌﾟﾛﾊﾟﾝｼﾞｵｰﾙ濃縮

ﾌﾟﾛﾊﾟﾝｼﾞｵｰﾙ発酵

39.5

6.7

乳酸発酵水

12.6

六炭糖ETOH発酵

水

貯蔵４

ETOH蒸留

1.0

1.3

1.7

15.9

ﾌﾟﾛﾊﾟﾝｼﾞｵｰﾙ貯蔵６

乳酸蒸留

炭酸ガス水、窒素

灰分

INPUT OUTPUTSimulation

Process DB

•Separation

•Fermentation

•Chemical

•Thermal

• …..

Thermo DB

•Calorie

•Moisture

•Enthalpy

•Entropy

• …..

Wood DB

•Structures

•Molecules

•Elements

• …..

Cost DB

•Devices

•Processes

•Products

• …..

Analysis

•Mass & energy analysis

•Cost analysis

CO2

To establish economically feasible process for large-scale biomass conversion;

1. To develop biomass system simulation technology,

Ground database（DB) should be constructed.

2. To design economic feasible total system for biomass.

The simulator can be used for optimization, economic & environmental analysis.

Carbon balance

Energy balance

Efficient

Impact

(LCA)

Economics

Cost recovery

Biomass System Analysis and Simulation

BTL liquid fuel

nCO+(2n+1)H2 CnH2n+2+nH2O

nCO+2nH2 CnH2n+nH2O

H2 + CO+CO2 + CH4 + HCs

+ Tar + Char

WOOD + H2O

(olefin)

(paraffin)

System simulation of BTL process

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

Liq

uid

fu

el (C

5-C

20

) [t/1

00

t-w

oo

d]

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

Am

ou

nt o

f C

O2 m

itig

atio

n [t/1

00

t-w

oo

d]

Liquid fueltotalElec.DutyC10-20C6-C9

Case I Case II Case III Case IV Case V Case VI

offgas recycling

CO2 mitigation

t-CO2

/kL-product1.60 2.11 2.584 0.466 2.06 2.45

without

fossil fuel

Total amount of CO2 mitigation

offgas combustion

Effective Utilization of Biomass with Asian Partners

CO2 Reduction

CDM

JCM

Investment

Technology Transfer

Liquid Fuels

Bulk ChemicalsLocal Energy Supply

Credit

Forest Restoration

Thank you !

36

For further information:

[email protected]

Tel: +81 (0)24-963-1805