Multipurpose Schemes Multipurpose Schemes MHyLab MHyLab Mini Mini - - Hydraulics Laboratory Hydraulics Laboratory CH CH - - 1354 1354 Montcherand Montcherand Aline Choulot Lausanne, 30 June 2005
Mar 07, 2016
103/08/2005
Multipurpose SchemesMultipurpose Schemes
MHyLabMHyLabMiniMini--Hydraulics LaboratoryHydraulics Laboratory
CHCH--13541354 MontcherandMontcherand
Aline ChoulotLausanne, 30 June 2005
203/08/2005
Table of contentsTable of contents
I. Drinking-water SHP (Small Hydropower Plant)
II. Wastewater SHPIII. How to succeed a SHP project on water
networks?IV. Looking for potentials
303/08/2005
Different types of SHPDifferent types of SHP
On water streamsOn water networks:
Drinking waterRunoff waterwastewater (row and treated)Irrigation water
Excess pressure of adduction water networks can be used to generate energy
403/08/2005
Advantages of theAdvantages of the turbiningturbining on water on water networksnetworks
Existing infrastructures (pipes, water chamber, head water basin…)No supplementary negative impacts on environmentLimited investment for a SHP settingSimpler administrative procedures
603/08/2005
Drinking waterDrinking water turbiningturbining
To replace pressure-breakersWithout any impacts on water quality:
Turbine stations similar to pumping onesPrecautions:
Stainless steelNo contact between water / grease (no oil-control device, centrifugal seal on the shaft, …)
703/08/2005
Pumping station Turbining station
Inlet valve yes yes
Discharge regulation device no yes
Runner linked to a rotating shaft yes yes
Shaft joints yes yes
Casing and runner in contact with water yes yes
Roller bearings greased for life yes yes
Electrical machine yes (engine) yes (generator)
Electrical boxes yes yes
Medium voltage / high voltage transformer
Yes, if electrical power is higher than a few tens
of kW
Yes, if electrical power is higher than a few tens
of kW
Usual building materials of the hydraulic machine
Cast, black steel, stainless steel, bronze
Cast, black steel, stainless steel, bronze
Automatic by pass no yes
Water access Disassembly necessary Disassembly necessary
803/08/2005
La Rasse SHP (1)La Rasse SHP (1)(St(St--Maurice & Evionnaz, Valais, CH)Maurice & Evionnaz, Valais, CH)
Drinking-water SHP:1 Pelton, vertical axis2 nozzlesFirst starting up: 1997Gross head: 510 mMax. discharge: 180 l/sMax. electrical output: 755 kWAnnual production: 2.1 GWh/yearTechnical design: MHyLabConstructor: GASA SA (CH)
903/08/2005
La Rasse SHP (2)La Rasse SHP (2)EconomicsEconomics
Annual production: 2.1 GWh
Total investment: CHF 1'380'000.-(~ euros 920'000.-)
Interest rate: 4%
Pay back period:
civil engineering: 40 years
electro mechanics: 25 years
Cost price: 0.04 CHF /kWh(~ 0.027 euro /kWh)
Hydraulic bucket's profile
designed by MHyLab
1003/08/2005
La Rasse SHP (3)La Rasse SHP (3)A contribution to air protectionA contribution to air protection
Production: 2.1 GWh /year
Reduction of 25 tonnes of CO2
emissions considering the Swiss grid production (12 tonnes /GWh)
Reduction of 1'010 tonnes of CO2
emissions considering the European grid production (480 tonnes /GWh)
1103/08/2005
La Zour SHP (La Zour SHP (SavièseSavièse, Valais, CH), Valais, CH)
Drinking-water SHP:1 Pelton, vertical axis,3 nozzlesFirst starting up: 2004Gross head: 217 mMax. discharge: 300 l/sMax. electrical output: 465 kWAnnual production: 1.8 GWh/yearTechnical design: MHyLabConstructor: GASA SA (CH)
1303/08/2005
Wastewater turbiningbefore the treatment
stationWastewater
turbining after the treatment station
Turbining station
Turbining stationWastewater treatment station
Wastewater treatment station
Screenig & decanting station
WWTP
WWTP
1403/08/2005
SHPs before and after the WWTP:SHPs before and after the WWTP:Amman city, As Samra WWTP (Jordan) (1)Amman city, As Samra WWTP (Jordan) (1)
Project: Suez Group & Ondéon Degrémont (Fr)
Engineering: MHyLab
General view of the process area
1503/08/2005
As Samra SHPs (2)As Samra SHPs (2)Row-water SHP:2 Pelton, vertical axis5 nozzles
First starting up: 2006Gross head: 103 mMax. discharge: 2.5 m3/sMax. electrical output: 770 kWAnnual production:
12.3 GWh/year
Treated-water SHP:2 Francis, vertical axis
First starting up: 2006Gross head: 48 mInstallation discharge: 4.6 m3/sMaximal electrical output:
752 kWAnnual production:
8.6 GWh/year
1603/08/2005
Wastewater from Verbier tourist station turbined before being treated.
With a screening station before the penstock inlet.
SHP before wastewater treatment SHP before wastewater treatment plantplant-- Châble SHP (CH) (1)Châble SHP (CH) (1)
1703/08/2005
SHP before WWTP SHP before WWTP –– Le Le ChâbleChâble SHP (2)SHP (2)
Row- wastewater SHP:1 Pelton, horizontal axis,2 nozzlesFirst starting up: 1994gross head: 447 mMax. discharge: 240 l/sMax. electrical output: 665 kWAnnual production:
1.13 GWh/year
1803/08/2005
SHP on treated wastewater SHP on treated wastewater la Douve I SHP la Douve I SHP
(Leysin, Vaud, CH) (1)(Leysin, Vaud, CH) (1)
Water aeration before being thrown out in the river.
Solution to the dilution problem: the treated wastewater outflow was going in a creek with a low-discharge
1903/08/2005
La Douve I SHP (2)La Douve I SHP (2)(Leysin, Vaud, CH)(Leysin, Vaud, CH)
Treated-water SHP:1 Pelton, vertical axis,2 nozzlesFirst starting up: 1989Capacity increase: 2000Gross head: 545 mMax. discharge: 80 l/sMax. electrical output: 430 kWAnnual production: 2.15 GWh/yearTechnical design: MHyLabConstructor: GASA SA (CH)
2003/08/2005
Turbines on water networks designed with MHyLab's techniqueCumulated electrical output from 1997 to 2004 (kW)
0
500
1'000
1'500
2'000
2'500
3'000
3'500
4'000
4'500
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
years
Elec
tric
al o
utpu
t (kW
) Switzerland: 19 installations = 9'800 kW Annual production = 18'000'000 kWh
2103/08/2005
III. How to succeed a SHP project on III. How to succeed a SHP project on water networkswater networks
2203/08/2005
Conditions to project's successConditions to project's success
Good knowledge of the water networks:
Available discharges, hydrology? otherwise: daily measures on 12 monthsHeads? Existing infrastructures?
Adapted dimensioning of the penstock so as to limit head losses (penstock efficiency)
Appropriate choice of equipments thanks :
Construction simplicityHigh & guaranteed efficiencyMax. reliability
2303/08/2005
Penstock dimensioningPenstock dimensioning
Penstock in a waternetworkSmall diameter for high head losses
Pressure that has to be reducedLow costSetting of pressure-breakers
Penstock for turbining
Big diameterfor low head losses
Max. power for a high productionOptimal turbine operation (low pressure variation vs discharge)High cost, but amortized by the production gain (technical & economic study)
20 % of diameter increase = 60 % of head losses decrease
2403/08/2005
SubsidesSubsides
• Site assessment: 2'000 CHF (~ 1'340 euros) for an at-least 3'000 CHF (~ 2'000 euros) study
• Feasibility studies: 6'000 CHF (~ 4'000 euros) to 9'000 CHF (~ 6'000 euros)
• Other example of subsides to communes: in 2005, for the 9 first answers: a site assessment of their water networks for free
2603/08/2005
MHyLab's inventory of potentials in MHyLab's inventory of potentials in Valais (CH) (2003)Valais (CH) (2003)
62 studied sites55 on drinking water5 on wastewater2 combining drinking & treated waters 7 sites considered as variants
2703/08/2005
Electrical output
< 21 kW : 3021 – 40 kW : 1441 - 80 kW : 1481 – 120 kW : 8> 121 kW : 3
Total output : 3 MWwith 2 MW with a cost lowerthan 0.12 CHF/kWh (0.08 euros/kWh)
Electrical production
< 100 MWh : 12101 – 300 MWh : 24301 - 500 MWh : 19501 – 800 MWh : 10> 801 MWh : 4
Total production : 14 GWh/anwith 10 GWh with a cost lowerthan 0.12 CHF/kWh (0.08 euros/kWh)
2803/08/2005
ConclusionsConclusions
• Indigenous, renewable energy
• Efficient available techniques, still improved so as notably to reduce cost
• Isolated production• Simplified administrative
procedures• Affordable equipments• Long life• Local construction
• Positive impacts on environment
• A low grey-energy amortization
• Financial opportunity for communes
• An interesting remaining potential in the industrialised countries as in the emerging ones
3003/08/2005
Types Types d'exploitationd'exploitation
La collectivité est propriétaire et exploite la petite centraleLa collectivité est propriétaire de la petite centraleet confie son exploitation à un tiers.Un tiers construit et exploite la centrale et la transmet à la collectivité après un certain tempsLa collectivité accorde l'utilisation du droit d'eau à un tiers contre paiement d'une redevance
3203/08/2005
III. Bases III. Bases théoriquesthéoriques de la petite de la petite hydroélectricitéhydroélectricité et technique MHyLabet technique MHyLab
3303/08/2005
10.00
Diagonale
MHyLab - Domaine de recherche sur les mini-turbines
1.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
0.01 0.10 1.00 Q (m3/s)
H (m
)
Pelton
Axiale
PicoTBCh
Pico + TBCh
5.0
50.0
500.0
0.05 0.50 5.00
3403/08/2005
Pelton: turbine à Pelton: turbine à action, haute chuteaction, haute chute
10.00
Diagonale
MHyLab - Domaine de recherche sur les mini-turbines
1.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
0.01 0.10 1.00 Q (m3/s)
H (m
)
Pelton
Axiale
PicoTBCh
Pico + TBCh
5.0
50.0
500.0
0.05 0.50 5.00
3503/08/2005
Kaplan: turbine à Kaplan: turbine à réactionréaction, , bassebasse
chutechute
10.00
Diagonale
MHyLab - Domaine de recherche sur les mini-turbines
1.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
0.01 0.10 1.00 Q (m3/s)
H (m
)
Pelton
Axiale
PicoTBCh
Pico + TBCh
5.0
50.0
500.0
0.05 0.50 5.00
3603/08/2005
Kaplan: turbine à Kaplan: turbine à réactionréaction, , bassebasse
chutechute
10.00
Diagonale
MHyLab - Domaine de recherche sur les mini-turbines
1.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
0.01 0.10 1.00 Q (m3/s)
H (m
)
Pelton
Axiale
PicoTBCh
Pico + TBCh
5.0
50.0
500.0
0.05 0.50 5.00
3703/08/2005
Stand Stand d'essaisd'essaisEssais:
De rendementD'effort sur les palesD'emballementDe cavitation
Variantes:Nombre de palesOuverture des palesOuverture de distributeurChuteDébitHauteur d'implantation(cavitation)
3803/08/2005
Vanne-batardeau(tête d'eau)
Niveau amontconstant
Niveau minimum
DZ = 2,0 m
Niveau minimum
DZ = 4,0 m
PICO-TURBINE De = 300 mmTurbine diagonale Pico turbine
ProjetsProjets de de développementdéveloppement
3903/08/2005
Puissance d'un Puissance d'un aménagementaménagement
globalηZgQρP ⋅Δ⋅⋅=Puissance électrique :
Rendement :
egénératric
turbine
conduite
ηηη
4103/08/2005
Turbine de StTurbine de St--Bueil Bueil
Z2; p2; v2 2Z1; p1; v1 1
Z3 - Niveau aval
GénérateurN' = 1'000 t/min
De =
580
Vanne D = 1'100
ConduiteD = 1'100
Croquis de principe sans échelle. Pour le dimensionnement géométrique, voir le dessin IA-0015-0A
H3
4303/08/2005
Turbines construites selon la technique MHyLabPuissances cumulées de 1997 à 2004 (kW)
0
1'000
2'000
3'000
4'000
5'000
6'000
7'000
8'000
9'000
10'000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Années
Puis
sanc
es (k
W)
Suisse + étranger : 31 installations = 9'500 kW Production annuelle = 47'500'000 kWh
4403/08/2005
Les Les différentsdifférents types de turbinestypes de turbinesTurbinesTurbines à à réactionréaction
Turbine Kaplan Turbines FrancisTurbine Bulbe
4503/08/2005
EssaiEssai de cavitationde cavitationϕ=0.380
ψ=0.614
σ=0.50
Pale originale Pale modifiée