4g

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4G Network Architectures4G Network Architectures

Final report to surveyFinal report to survey System issues System issues Selected concepts for 4GSelected concepts for 4G Self-organizing ,Ad-hoc network for 4GSelf-organizing ,Ad-hoc network for 4G

林家彬 林家彬

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““4G” Design Challenges4G” Design ChallengesAlthough 3G is an important first step, several Although 3G is an important first step, several basic issues still need to be addressed for next basic issues still need to be addressed for next generation wireless systems:generation wireless systems: Fast/reliable broadband radios (PHY/MAC) with QoSFast/reliable broadband radios (PHY/MAC) with QoS

~100 Kbps ~100 Kbps 1-10 Mbps with adaptivity, link reliability & Qos1-10 Mbps with adaptivity, link reliability & Qos

Scalable system capacity for mass-market servicesScalable system capacity for mass-market services

high service penetration implies ~Gbps/Sq-Kmhigh service penetration implies ~Gbps/Sq-Km

Integration of multiple radio technologies into single IP networkIntegration of multiple radio technologies into single IP networkunified mobility architecture unified mobility architecture

New networking modes, e.g. multicast, multihop & peer-to-peerNew networking modes, e.g. multicast, multihop & peer-to-peer...lower-cost infrastructure, networks that grow organically...lower-cost infrastructure, networks that grow organically

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4G System Issues4G System Issues

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4G System Issues: 4G System Issues: Scaling of Scaling of CapacityCapacity

The grand vision of ubiquitous wireless The grand vision of ubiquitous wireless and pervasive computing leads to a and pervasive computing leads to a serious capacity problem.serious capacity problem.

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4G System Issues: 4G System Issues: Scaling of Scaling of Capacity (cont.)Capacity (cont.)

2G cellular:2G cellular: avail BW ~ 5 Mhz, spectral eff ~ 0.2-0.3 bps/Hzavail BW ~ 5 Mhz, spectral eff ~ 0.2-0.3 bps/Hz max capacity ~ 100 Kbps avg, 1 Mbps peak (with packet max capacity ~ 100 Kbps avg, 1 Mbps peak (with packet

MAC) per sq-KmMAC) per sq-Km

3G Cellular3G Cellular:: avail BW ~ 25 Mhz, spectral eff ~ 0.3-0.5 bps/Hzavail BW ~ 25 Mhz, spectral eff ~ 0.3-0.5 bps/Hz max capacity ~ 1 Mbps avg, 10 Mbps peak (with packet max capacity ~ 1 Mbps avg, 10 Mbps peak (with packet

MAC) per sq-KmMAC) per sq-Km

Wireless LAN (802.11x, Hiperlan):Wireless LAN (802.11x, Hiperlan): avail BW ~ 100 Mhz, spectral eff ~ 0.2-0.3 bps/Hzavail BW ~ 100 Mhz, spectral eff ~ 0.2-0.3 bps/Hz max capacity ~ 100 Mbps avg, 1 Gbps peak per sq-Kmmax capacity ~ 100 Mbps avg, 1 Gbps peak per sq-Km

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4G System Issues: 4G System Issues: Evolution of Evolution of Radio Speed vs. Moore’s LawRadio Speed vs. Moore’s Law

4G systems can exploit Moore’s law advances in 4G systems can exploit Moore’s law advances in radio speed, but need to work with shorter range...radio speed, but need to work with shorter range...

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4G System Issues: 4G System Issues: Protocol Protocol EvolutionEvolution

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Selected Concepts for 4GSelected Concepts for 4G

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Potential “4G” Network IdeasPotential “4G” Network IdeasA few techniques for achieving the 4G design goals discussed A few techniques for achieving the 4G design goals discussed

earlier:earlier:3G/WLAN Hot-Spots3G/WLAN Hot-Spots

Use of WLAN in hot-spots for lower system cost, better Use of WLAN in hot-spots for lower system cost, better end-user performance and more total capacityend-user performance and more total capacity

Infostations Infostations Use of “radio caches” for significant reduction in average Use of “radio caches” for significant reduction in average cost per bit, facilitating qualitatively new mobile servicescost per bit, facilitating qualitatively new mobile services

Self-organizing, ad-hoc wireless access networksSelf-organizing, ad-hoc wireless access networksAd-hoc wireless network protocols which support multihop Ad-hoc wireless network protocols which support multihop and peer-to-peer service models, particularly for low-tier and peer-to-peer service models, particularly for low-tier uses (in-home, sensors, etc.)uses (in-home, sensors, etc.)

Content-based multicastingContent-based multicasting...new network service paradigms for location- and person-...new network service paradigms for location- and person-aware information delivery to mobilesaware information delivery to mobiles

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Self-organizing, ad-hoc Self-organizing, ad-hoc networks for 4Gnetworks for 4G

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4G Mobile Network features4G Mobile Network features

Some desirable new features for 4G Some desirable new features for 4G networks are:networks are: Unified IP-based protocol architecture with Unified IP-based protocol architecture with

support for multiple radiossupport for multiple radios Multicasting, caching and security features, etc.Multicasting, caching and security features, etc. Hierarchical support of high-tier (cellular), med Hierarchical support of high-tier (cellular), med

tier (WLAN) and low-tier (personal area, sensor tier (WLAN) and low-tier (personal area, sensor nets)nets)

Self-organizing, ad-hoc wireless discovery & Self-organizing, ad-hoc wireless discovery & routingrouting

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4G Mobile Networks: 4G Mobile Networks: Hierarchy & Hierarchy & Self-OrganizationSelf-Organization

Hierarchical, self-organizing network Hierarchical, self-organizing network concept currently under consideration, concept currently under consideration, based on:based on: 3 service tiers (cellular, WLAN, personal area)3 service tiers (cellular, WLAN, personal area) BS’s, AP’s, FN’s (forwarding radio nodes), BS’s, AP’s, FN’s (forwarding radio nodes),

user devicesuser devices automatic discovery and power management automatic discovery and power management

protocolsprotocols hierarchical, ad-hoc multi-hop routinghierarchical, ad-hoc multi-hop routing

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4G Mobile Networks: 4G Mobile Networks: “network of “network of wireless networks”wireless networks”

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4G Mobile Networks: 4G Mobile Networks: An Experimental An Experimental TestbedTestbed

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Compare 3G & 4GCompare 3G & 4G

Comparison of 3G and 4GComparison of 3G and 4G    3G:3G: --Back compatible to 2G. --Back compatible to 2G. --Circuit and packet switched networks. --Circuit and packet switched networks. --Combination of existing & evolved equipment. --Combination of existing & evolved equipment. --Data rate (up to 2Mbps). --Data rate (up to 2Mbps). 4G:4G: --Extend 3G capacity. --Extend 3G capacity. --Entirely packet switched networks. --Entirely packet switched networks. --All network elements are digital. --All network elements are digital. --Higher bandwidth (up to 100Mbps). --Higher bandwidth (up to 100Mbps).

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The NEWS about 4GThe NEWS about 4G ASIA : South Korean is already arranging an auction of 4G wireless licenses

across wireless and broadband internet.

• Successful Demo of Beyond-3G Wireless IP• NEC Europe Ltd announced the successful completion of the three-year

“Moby Dick Project”, aimed at developing a seamless converged mobile network architecture based on Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6).

• Life After 3G Wireless• With 3G set for widespread launch in 2004 across Europe, operators are

already thinking about the post 3G world and what comes next.

• • First Step Towards Full Range of WiMax / 4G Applications• This successful implementation of the OFDM waveform is the first step in

Military Technologies plan to implement the complete IEEE 802.16 family of wireless data applications

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• 4G Wireless 10 Years Away• 4G? Not in this decade. “I would recommend that the newspaper

community forget about 4G,” Dr Keiji Tachikawa, president and CEO of NTT DoCoMo

• Basestation Architectures for 3G Wireless • picoChip Designs Ltd announced the world's most powerful

processing device for wireless infrastructure.

• The New WiFi Gels With 4G• more robust standard for high-speed broadband wireless

delivery to laptops and desktops will augment the burgeoning WiFi market beginning in late 2004. The position of the 802.16a standard today parallels that of WLAN technology in the late 1990’s, when the market finally grew as 802.11 price vs. performance gains converted WLAN from a niche to mass market.