www.1000projects.com www.fullinterview.com www.chetanasprojects.com 4G-MOBILE COMMUNICATION USING WIRELESS COMMUNICATION Abstract : This paper aims to identify and explore the different issues and challenges related to fourth generation networks. It starts with a brief Introduction, and then explains the edge of 4G technology over 3G, and defines 4G. , . It also provides a detailed insight on the vision of 4G, and also discusses about the advantages and applications of 4G technology. It also compares the 4G technology with all other technologies. and explains all its ,characteristics. This paper also focuses on key technologies to implement 4G technology. and also provide a technical Platform for implementing the technology as it provides a basic idea on OFDM since with its natural resistance to multipath fading and its ability to support extremely high data rates, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a major candidate for fourth- generation air interfaces. ,it consists characteristics and benefits’ of OFDM. it mainly explains the use of 4G having possessed “3G” . www.1000projects.com www.fullinterview.com www.chetanasprojects.com 1
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4G-MOBILE COMMUNICATION USING WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
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www.1000projects.comwww.fullinterview.comwww.chetanasprojects.comindustry to develop a common standard or system that over comes almost all limitations imposed by
previous cellular technologies.
4G services hold out the promise of end-to-end, totally IP (Internet protocol), packet-switched networks
that will be able to handle growing loads of wireless voice, data, video and audio transmissions more
efficiently, at lower cost and at higher performance levels i.e., 4G systems are expected to allow much
higher data rates of around 100 Mbps, higher bandwidth of the order of hundreds of megahertz, plenty
of services like data, audio and video(as shown in fig1),seamless connectivity and improved quality of
service keeping in mind that all existing networks can be merged or interconnected to form an all-in-
one.
What is 4G?
Fig 2 shows the concept of 4G cellular network. The future 4G infrastructure will consist of various
networks using Internet Protocol (IP) as a common protocol. So the users will be in control as they can choose
every application and environment. Accessing information any where, in time with seamless connections to a
wide range of information, data, pictures, video and so on will be the benefits of 4G infrastructure.
One of the terms popularly used to describe 4G is ‘MAGIC’, which stands for ‘Mobile
multimedia, anytime any where, Global mobility support, Integrated Wireless solutions and customized
www.1000projects.comwww.fullinterview.comwww.chetanasprojects.com4G services will be dynamic and adaptable to the application. Faster response and quality are the
prerequisites for full-motion video, home entertainment and advance location-based services. The
expected data rate is 2 Mbps for vehicular applications. Such high data rates obviously require a high
bandwidth of the order of several hundreds of megahertz.
COMPARISIONS OF DIFFERENT GENERATIONS :
1G: This process began with the designs in the
1970s that have become known as 1G. The
earliest systems were implemented based on
analog technology and the basic cellular
structure of mobile communication.
2G: was based on digital signal processing
techniques and regarded as a revolution from
analogy to digital technology These 2G systems
provided circuit- switched data communication
services at a low speed. of 9.6 kbps The
competitive rush to design and implement
digital systems led again to a variety of different
www.1000projects.comwww.fullinterview.comwww.chetanasprojects.comIP network that integrates broadcast ,cellular , cordless ,WLAN/PAN and fixed wire.
“4G is a network of networks” with which users will be in control. They will be able to decide the right s As can be seen in the picture above, the main requirements for 4G are as follows:
Peak data rate of 100Mbps for high mobility applications such as mobile access
Approx. 1Gbps for low mobility applications such as nomadic/local wireless access
4G TECHNICAL PERSPECTIVES:
In the 4G wireless
networks, each node will be assigned a 4G-IP
address (based on IPv6), which will be formed
by a permanent “home” IP address and a www.1000projects.comwww.fullinterview.comwww.chetanasprojects.com
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www.1000projects.comwww.fullinterview.comwww.chetanasprojects.comdynamic “care-of” address that represents its
actual location . When a device (computer) in
the Internet wants to communicate with another
device (cell phone) in the wireless network, the
computer will send a packet to the 4G-IP
address of the cell phone targeting on its home
address. Then a directory server on the cell
phone’s home network will forward this packet
to the cell phone’s care-of address through a
tunnel, mobile IP; moreover, the directory
server will also inform the computer that the cell
phone’s care-of address (real
location), so next packets can be sent to the cell phone directly. The idea is that the 4G-IP address (IPv6)
can carry more information than the IP address (IPv4) that we use right now. IPv6 means Internet
Protocol Version 6 including 128 bits, which is 4 times more than 32bits IP address in IPv4. 32 bits IP.
Moreover, in 4G wireless network, not only has it IPv6 transmission protocol, but also be supported by
OFDM, M
FEATURES OF 4G:
4G is the Fourth Generation Wireless Network Communications Technology standard. When
implemented, users of 4G devices will have the ability to access to applications ranging from
basic voice communications to seamless real-time streaming video. Although it is in the research
and development stage, 4G is expected to be globally available to the public between 2006 and
www.1000projects.comwww.fullinterview.comwww.chetanasprojects.comUnlike previous standards such as 3G (Third Generation), 4G is based entirely on packet switched
networks. In addition, all 4G networks will be digital and will provide higher bandwidths of up to
100Mbps. 4G is actually a collection of previous standards as opposed to an entirely new standard.
Standards such as 3G C-CDMA, LAS-CDMA, UWB *7 and Network-LMD
VISIONS OF 4G:
This new generation of
wireless is intended to complement and replace
the 3G systems, perhaps in 5 to 10 years.
Accessing information anywhere, anytime, with
a seamless connection to a wide range of
information and services, and receiving a large
volume of information, data, pictures, video,
and so on, are the keys of the 4G infrastructure.
The future 4G infrastructures will consist of a
set of various networks using IP (Internet
protocol) as a common protocol so that users are
in control because they will be able to choose
every application and environment. Based on
the developing trends of mobile communication,
4G will have broader bandwidth, higher data
rate, and smoother and quicker handoff and will
focus on ensuring seamless service across a
multitude of wireless systems and networks.
The below figure describes the process included
in 4G mobile communications
The key concept is integrating
the 4G capabilities with all of the existing
mobile technologies through advanced
technologies. Application adaptability and being www.1000projects.comwww.fullinterview.comwww.chetanasprojects.com
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www.1000projects.comwww.fullinterview.comwww.chetanasprojects.comhighly dynamic are the main features of 4G
services of interest to users. These features
mean services can be delivered and be available
to the personal preference of different users and
support the users' traffic, air interfaces, radio
environment, and quality of service. Connection
with the network applications can be transferred
into various forms and levels correctly and
efficiently. The dominant methods of access to
this pool of
information will be the mobile telephone, PDA,
and laptop to seamlessly access the voice
communication, high-speed information
services, and entertainment broadcast services.
The fourth generation will
encompass all systems from various networks,
public to private; operator-driven broadband
networks to personal areas; and ad hoc
networks. The 4G systems will interoperate with
2G and 3G systems, as well as with digital
(broadband) broadcasting systems. In addition,
4G systems will be fully IP-based wireless
Internet. This all-encompassing integrated
perspective shows the broad range of systems
that the fourth generation intends to integrate,
from satellite broadband to high altitude
platform to cellular 3G and 3G systems to WLL
(wireless local loop) and FWA (fixed wireless
access) to WLAN (wireless local area network)
and PAN (personal area network), all with IP as
the integrating mechanism. With 4G, a range of
new services and models will be . examined for
their interface with the design of 4G systems
Multiplexing: Method of sharing a bandwidth with other independent data channels.OFDM is a combination of both modulation and
multiplexing. Multiplexing generally refers to
independent signals, those produced by different
sources. So it is a question of how to share the
spectrum with these users. In OFDM the
question of multiplexing is applied to
independent signals but these independent
signals are the subset of the main signal. In
OFDM first the signal itself is split into
independent channels, modulated by data and
then re-multiplexed to create the OFDM carrier.
OFDM is a special case of Frequency Division
multiplex (FDM).As an analogy, a FDM
channel is a flow out of a faucet, in contrast the