48659244 IGCSE History Information Pack

7/22/2019 48659244 IGCSE History Information Pack

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IGCSE INFORMATION PACK

Contents:

Exam structure . 2

Course structure . 3-6

Example Paper 1 Section A . 7-8

Example Paper 1 Section B . 9

Example Paper 2 . 10-13

Paper 1 mark scheme . 14-15

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EXAM STRUCTURE

Paper 1 (2 hours)

Section A answer 2 questions out of 4 on International Relations since 1919

Key questions:

Were the Peace Treaties of 1919-23 fair?

To what extent was the League of Nations a success?

Why had international peace collapsed by 1939?

Who was to blame for the Cold War?

How effectively did the USA contain the spread of Communism?

How secure was the USSR's control over Eastern Europe, 1948-c.1989?

How effective has the United Nations Organisation been?

Section B answer 1 question out of 2 the Depth Study Germany 1918-45

Key questions:

Was the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?

Why was Hitler able to dominate Germany by 1934?

How effectively did the Nazis control Germany, 193345?

What was it like to live in Nazi Germany?

In both sections all questions will be structured into three parts:

What? [5] Why? [7] How? [8]

Paper 2 (2 hours)Source questions on the Prescribed Topic. Summer 2011: The Cold War 1945-9

Coursework2 pieces of coursework, totalling C.1500 words, on The Second World War.

Year 10 Exam (2 hours)

The Y10 end of year exam will consist of threePaper 1 Section A questions (i.e.

International Relations 1919-89).

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COURSE STRUCTURE

YEAR 10

1 Were the peace treaties of 191923 fair?

Focus Points

What were the motives and aims of the Big Three at Versailles?

Why did all the victors not get everything they wanted?

What was the impact of the peace treaty on Germany up to 1923?

Could the treaties be justified at the time?

Specified Content

The peace treaties of 191923:

-Roles of individuals such as Wilson, Clemenceau & Lloyd George; the impact of the treaties

on the defeated countries; contemporary opinions about the treaties

2 To what extent was the League of Nations a success?

Focus Points

How successful was the League in the 1920s?

How far did weaknesses in the Leagues organisation make failure inevitable?

How far did the Depression make the work of the League more difficult?

How successful was the League in the 1930s?

Specified Content

The League of Nations:

- strengths and weaknesses in its structure and organisation; successes and failures in

peacekeeping during the 1920s; the impact of the World Depression on the work of theLeague after 1929;the failures of the League in the 1930s, including Manchuria and Abyssinia

3 Why had international peace collapsed by 1939?

Focus Points

What were the long-term consequences of the peace treaties of 191923?

What were the consequences of the failures of the League in the 1930s?

How far was Hitlers foreign policy to blame for the outbreak of war in 1939?

Was the policy of appeasement justified?

How important was the Nazi-Soviet Pact?

Why did Britain and France declare war on Germany in September 1939?

Specified Content The collapse of international order in the 1930s

The increasing militarism of Germany, Italy and Japan

Hitlers foreign policy to 1939:

- the Saar; remilitarisation of the Rhineland; involvement in the Spanish Civil War; Anschluss

with Austria; appeasement; crises over Czechoslovakia and Poland; the outbreak of war

4 Who was to blame for the Cold War?

Focus Points

Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?

How had the USSR gained control of Eastern Europe by 1948?

How did the USA react to Soviet expansionism? What were the consequences of the Berlin Blockade?

Who was the more to blame for starting the Cold War: the USA or the USSR?

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Y10 Michaelmas & Lent Term - International Relations 1919-89

(Paper 1 Section A)


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Year 11

Germany 1918-45

1 Was the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?

Focus Points

How did Germany emerge from defeat at the end of the First World War?

What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on the Republic?

To what extent did the Republic recover after 1923?

What were the achievements of the Weimar period?

2 Why was Hitler able to dominate Germany by 1934?

Focus Points

What did the Nazi Party stand for in the 1920s?

Why did the Nazis have little success before 1930?

Why was Hitler able to become Chancellor by 1933?

How did Hitler consolidate his power in 19334?

3 The Nazi regime

(a) How effectively did the Nazis control Germany, 193345?

Focus Points How much opposition was there to the Nazi regime?

How effectively did the Nazis deal with their political opponents?

How did the Nazis use culture and the mass media to control the people?

Why did the Nazis persecute many groups in German society?

Was Nazi Germany a totalitarian state?

(b) What was it like to live in Nazi Germany?

Focus Points

How did young people react to the Nazi regime?

How successful were Nazi policies towards women and the family?

Did most people in Germany benefit from Nazi rule?

How did the coming of war change life in Nazi Germany?

Specified Content

The Revolution of 1918 and the establishment of the Republic

The Versailles Settlement and German reactions to it

The Weimar constitution, the main political divisions, the role of the army

Political disorder, 191923:

o economic crises and hyper-inflation

o the occupation of the Ruhr

The Stresemann era

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Y11 Michaelmas Term1. Write up Coursework on the Second World War

2. Germany 1918-45


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Cultural achievements of the Weimar period

The early years of the Nazi Party:

o Nazi ideas and methods

o the Munich Putsch

o the roles of Hitler and other Nazi leaders

The impact of the Depression on Germany:o political, economic and social crisis of 19303

o reasons for the Nazis rise to power

o Hitler takes power

o the Reichstag Fire and the election of 1933

Curriculum content

Nazi rule in Germany:

o the Enabling Act

o the Night of the Long Knives

o the death of Hindenburg

o the removal of opposition

o methods of control and repressiono use of culture and the mass media

Economic policy including rearmament

Different experiences of Nazi rule:

o women and young people

o anti-Semitism

o persecution of minorities

o opposition to Nazi rule.

Impact of the Second World War on Germany:

o the conversion to war economy

o the Final Solution.

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Y11 Lent Term

Mocks

Preparation for Paper 2: Sources on the prescribed topic

(2011 The Cold War 1945-9)

Y11 Summer Term Revision, study leave and exams!


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EXAM PAPER 1

SECTION A: CORE CONTENTAnswer any two questions from this Section.

(See mark scheme for Question 1, pages 14 - 15)

1 Study the extract, and then answer the questions which follow.

The Allied governments affirm, and Germany accepts, the

responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and

damage to which the Allied governments and their peoples have

been subjected as a result of the war.

The War Guilt Clause.

(a) In what ways did the Treaty of Versailles weaken Germanys armed forces? [5]

(b) Why did Clemenceau demand that a harsh peace be imposed on Germany? [7]

(c) The Treaty of Versailles was unfair on Germany. How far do you agree with this

statement?

Explain your answer. [8]

2 Study the cartoon, and then answer the questions which follow.

A cartoon entitled The Doormat, published in a British newspaper in 1932.

(a) How did the League of Nations hope to prevent future wars between nations?

[5]

(b) Why did the League fail to stop Italian aggression against Corfu in 1923? [7]

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(c) The League was a failure. How far do you agree with this statement?

Explain your answer. [8][Turn over


We secured peace for our country for one and a half years, as well as

an opportunity of preparing our forces for defence if Nazi Germany

risked attacking our country. This was a definite gain for Russia and a

loss for Germany.

Stalin speaking on the radio in 1941

(a) What was agreed at the Munich Conference of September 1938? [5]

(b) Why was the Nazi-Soviet Pact of August 1939 important? [7]

(c) How far was the Treaty of Versailles to blame for the outbreak of war in 1939?



My dear friends today we have started negotiations for the withdrawal

of Soviet troops from our country and for the cancellation of our

obligations under the Warsaw Pact. Long live Free Hungary!

From a speech by Imre Nagy, 31 October 1956.

(a) What was the Berlin Wall? [5]

(b) Why was there a rising in Hungary in 1956? [7]

(c) Which was the more serious threat to Soviet control of Eastern Europe:

events in Czechoslovakia in 1968;

the emergence of Solidarity in Poland?


[Turn over

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SECTION B: DEPTH STUDIES

Answer any one question from this Section.

DEPTH STUDY A: GERMANY, 1918 45

5 Study the photograph, and then answer the questions which follow.

A woman using banknotes to start her fire in 1923.

(a) What were the main features of the Weimar Constitution.

[5]

(b) Why was 1923 a year of crisis for the Weimar Republic? [7]

(c) To what extent did the Weimar Republic recover after 1923? Explain your answer. [8]


I wore mostly low-quality clothes at home which my mother sewed and

knitted. In the Hitler Youth I wore what I thought was a beautiful brown

uniform with much leather, in which I imagined myself as one of Hitlers

young soldiers.

A member of the Hitler Youth remembers his time in the organisation.

(a) Describe the activities of the Hitler Youth. [5]

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(b) Explain how Nazi policies reduced unemployment.

[7]

(c) How successful were Nazi policies towards women and the family?


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NB: In Paper 2 the tropic andquestion structure changes each year.

Below is an example of a Paper 2 question on the Treaty of Versailles

Option B: 20th Century topic

WHAT WERE THE AIMS OF THE PEACEMAKERS AT VERSAILLES?

Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the

questions.

Background Information

The Paris Peace Conference in 1919 was dominated by the Big Four: Clemenceau of

France, Lloyd George of Britain, Orlando of Italy and Wilson of the USA. Were they meeting

simply to punish Germany or did they have other aims?

SOURCE ASevere as the Treaty of Versailles seemed to many Germans, it should be remembered that

Germany might easily have fared much worse. If, instead of being restrained by Britain and

the USA, Clemenceau had had his way, the Rhineland would have become an independent

state, the Saarland would have been given to France and Danzig would have become an

integral part of Poland. However, the Germans as a nation were not inclined to count their

blessings in 1919. Most of all they resented being forced to accept war-guilt. Finally, the fact

that the treaty was not negotiated but dictated to Germany and signed in humiliating

circumstances made it certain that the German people would accept no responsibility for

carrying out its terms.

From a history book published in 1985.

SOURCE B

The fundamental significance of Versailles was emotional. Allied statesmen, urged on by

pressure of public opinion, had made peace in a spirit of revenge. The cries of Hang the

Kaiser and squeezing the German lemon until the pips squeak were typical of the desire

not merely for a guarantee of future security, but for the national humiliation of Germany. The

Germans saw every difficulty in later years as a further punishment that they alone must

suffer as a result of the hated Treaty of Versailles.

From a history book published in 1986.

SOURCE C

It must be a peace without victory. Victory would mean peace forced upon the loser, a

victors terms imposed upon the defeated. It would be accepted in humiliation, and would

leave resentment and a bitter memory upon which terms of peace would rest, not

permanently, but only as if built on sand. Peace without victory was the only sort of peace

that the peoples of America could join in guaranteeing.

President Wilson speaking to the American Senate in January 1917.

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[Turn over

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SOURCE D A cartoon from a British newspaper, May 1919. It shows the waiting room of a

dentist

SOURCE E

There will be strong attempts to persuade the government to depart from the strict principles

of justice, in order to satisfy some shameful principles of either revenge or greed. We must

resist that.

Lloyd George speaking at a meeting during the 1918 election campaign in Britain.

SOURCE F

We propose to demand the whole cost of the war from Germany.

Lloyd George speaking in January 1919.

SOURCE G

He was especially interested in the question of reparations, and said that if I would help him

out in this direction, he would be extremely grateful. By helping him out he meant to give a

plausible reason to his people for having misled them about the question of war costs,

reparations etc. He admitted that he knew Germany could not pay anything like the amount

of reparations which the British and French demanded.An American delegates note of a conversation with Lloyd George during the peace

negotiations in

1919.

SOURCE H

Mr President. You have sent to France your young soldiers. Eager though they were to meet

the enemy they were unaware when they arrived of the monstrous crimes of the Germans.

To obtain a proper view of the German conduct of the war, they had to witness the burnt-

down cities, the flooded mines and the crumbling factories. You will have the opportunity, Mr

President, to inspect with your own eyes the extent of that disaster. The French governmentwill also show you documents in which the German General Staff described its plan of

plunder and industrial destruction.

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President Poincar of France in a speech of welcome to President Wilson in December

1918.[Turn over

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SOURCE I A cartoon, about the effects of the Treaty of Versailles, published in Britain in

1920.

A TRANSPARENT DODGE

Germany: Help! Help! I drown! Throw me the life-belt!

Britain and France: Try standing up on your feet.

SOURCE J A cartoon published in Britain in 1919.

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[Turn over

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Now answer all the following questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer

the questions, in addition to those sources which you are told to use. In answering the

questions you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the

sources.

1 Study Sources A and B.

How far do these two sources agree? Explain your answer using the sources. [7]

2 Study Sources C and D.

Does Source C make you surprised by what is shown in the cartoon (Source D)?

Explain your answer using the sources and your knowledge. [8]

3 Study Sources E, F and G.

Do you agree that these three sources prove that Lloyd George could not be trusted?Explain your answer using the sources and your knowledge. [8]

4 Study Source H.

Do you think President Wilson would have been happy with this welcome? Explain

your answer using the sources and your knowledge. [7]

5 Study Sources I and J.

How similar are these two cartoons? Explain your answer using the sources and your

knowledge. [8]

6 Study all the sources.

How far do these sources show that the peacemakers at Versailles wanted to treat

Germany harshly? Use the sources to explain your answer. [12]

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Mark scheme for Question1

(NB the Year 10 Exam will consist of three questions of this type)

(a) In what ways did the Treaty of Versailles weaken Germanysarmed forces?

Level 1 General answer (12)

e.g. Germanys armed forces were greatly reduced.It reduced the army/navy.

Level 2 Describes terms (25)

e.g. The army was limited to 100,000 men. (1) There was to be noconscription. (1)Germany was not allowed tanks, submarines or military aircraft. (Onemark for 1; two marks for all three)The navy could only have six battleships (1) and was limited to 15,000

men. (1)(No credit for Rhineland.)

(b) Why did Clemenceau demand that a harsh peace be imposedon Germany?

Level 1 General answer (1)

e.g. To weaken Germany.

Level 2 Identifies why (24)

e.g. To pay for all the damage Germany had caused.To prevent future German attacks on France.To gain revenge (for all the French suffering).France lost many soldiers.

Level 3 Explains why (47)

e.g. France had suffered enormous damage to its land, industry andpeople. Clemenceau was under intense pressure from his people to makeGermany pay for the suffering they had endured both in 1870 and theGreat War.

Ever since 1870 France had felt threatened by its increasingly powerfulneighbour,Germany. Clemenceau saw the treaty as an opportunity to crippleGermany by breaking it up into small, weak states so it could not attackFrance again.France had borrowed huge sums of money to fight the war and was facedwith enormous debt. Clemenceau wanted Germany to pay this debt.

(c) The Treaty of Versailles was unfair on Germany. How far doyou agree with this statement? Explain your answer.

Level 1 Unsupported assertions (1)

e.g. It was a reasonable attempt at peace. It was not unfair.

Level 2 Identifies reasons (23)

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e.g. It was unfair because it was a diktat.Others were also to blame but not treated unfairly.It was unfair as it left Germany unable to defend itself.It was unfair as it was not in accordance with the Fourteen Points.Germany treated Russia worse.Germany was better off than they were letting on.Germany had agreed the Armistice.It was unfair because of War Guilt.

Level 3 Explains agreement OR disagreement (35)

Level 4 Explains agreement AND disagreement (57)

e.g. Germany did not feel it had lost the war. In 1919 many Germans didnot understand how bad Germanys military situation was at the end ofthe war. They believed they had simple agreed to a ceasefire and

therefore should be at the Conference to negotiate rather than beingtreated as a defeated nation. They were not represented and had toaccept a harsh settlement.Germany thought that the war guilt clause was particularly unfair asthey were not the only ones to blame. Because they were forced to acceptblame they had to pay for all the damage. They thought reparations thathigh would cripple them.It was unfair to disarm Germany and not other countries and they thoughtthat what remained was too small to defend Germany from attack.Germany thought that the application of self-determination was appliedunfairly with millions of Germans living in other countries.

Germany was operating double standards. Their call for a fairer treatmentdid not fit with the harsh manner they treated Russia in the Treaty ofBrest-Litovsk.The Treaty did not weaken Germany anywhere near as much as theGermans complained. By 1925 German steel production was twice that ofBritain.Germanys economic problems were partly self-inflicted. Other countrieshad raised taxes to pay for the war. The Kaisers government planned topay war debts by extracting reparations from the defeated states.In the Armistice, the Germans agreed to reductions in their armed forces,losses of territory and the principle of reparations. Why then did they

claim they had been treated unfairly?

Level 5 Explains with evaluation of how far (78)

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