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Terms like these are often used in the following material:CMMI
SCAMPIsm and SCAMPI Lead Appraisersm
CMMI is registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office by Carnegie Mellon University.SM SCAMPI and SCAMPI Lead Appraiser are service marks of Carnegie Mellon University.
Who is AgileDigm?AgileDigm, Incorporated is a US based corporation working with organizations around the world
– providing consulting, training, and appraisals for organizations that build software-intensive systems
– Software Engineering Institute (SEI) Partner– Scrum Training Institute (STI) Partner
Authors of Interpreting the CMMI, best selling book on using the CMMI. Unique experience working with one of the only CMMI Maturity Level 5 Agile companies.
CMMI is registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office by Carnegie Mellon University.SM SCAMPI and SCAMPI Lead Appraiser are service marks of Carnegie Mellon University.
What is the CMMI?• CMMI is an acronym for Capability Maturity Model
Integration. • Approach used by organizations to improve.• CMMI is a collection of best practices
– Over 100 organizations formally assisted in its development, including NASA
• There is a wide range of freedom in how an organization decides to embrace the CMMI. You can –– Go slow or fast– Choose the areas you need to focus on– Choose the appraisal mode you are comfortable with (SCAMPI -
– Development and maintenance of products– Integrates software engineering, systems engineering,
collaborative teams, acquisition from the supplier’s side – Not just for software development! – Can be used for developing complex systems (healthcare,
bridges, valves, cleanroom technology)• CMMI for Services
– Organizations that provide services (from taxis to call centers)• CMMI for Acquisition
– Acquiring products and services • Common Process Areas are embedded within all three• This presentation focuses on CMMI for Development.
Source: Performance Results of CMMI-Based Process Improvement, Aug 2006, Technical Report CMU/SEI-2006-TR-004
• ROI defined by cost avoidance measures and improvements including:– Rework avoided due to fewer defects– Improved productivity– Increased revenue due to shorter cycle times
• Example from Raytheon Corporation, anonymous site– 6:1 ROI in a CMMI maturity level 3
Decision Analysis and ResolutionThe purpose of Decision Analysis and Resolution (DAR) is to analyze possible decisions using a formal evaluation process that evaluates identified alternatives against established criteria.
The CMMI then continues with half a page of Introductory Notes that further describe what this Process Area is about.Note: Underlines and emphasis added by the presenter here and in the following slides. I have omitted some of the Informative Material.
Informative material is very useful in interpreting the intent of the process area/practice/subpractice and should not be ignored.
Decision Analysis and ResolutionSP 1.4 Select the Evaluation MethodsTypical Work Products:1. Selected evaluation methods
Subpractices
1. Select the methods based on the purpose for analyzing a decision and on the availability of the information used to support the method.
Typical evaluation methods include the following: – Modeling and simulation– Engineering studies– Manufacturing studies– Cost studies– Business opportunity studies
Decision Analysis and Resolution– Surveys– Extrapolations based on field experience and prototypes– User review and comment– Testing– Judgment provided by an expert or group of experts
2. Select evaluation methods based on their ability to focus on the issues at hand without being overly influenced by side issues.
3. Determine the measures needed to support the evaluation method. – Consider the impact on cost, schedule, performance, and risks.
Generic “Common” Goals and Practices for All Process Area
Generic Goal 2 Institutionalize a Managed ProcessGP 2.1 Establish an Organizational PolicyGP 2.2 Plan the ProcessGP 2.3 Provide ResourcesGP 2.4 Assign ResponsibilityGP 2.5 Train PeopleGP 2.6 Manage ConfigurationsGP 2.7 Identify and Involve Relevant StakeholdersGP 2.8 Monitor and Control the ProcessGP 2.9 Objectively Evaluate AdherenceGP 2.10 Review Status with Higher-Level Management
Generic Goal 3 Institutionalize a Defined Process GP 3.1 Establish a Defined ProcessGP 3.2 Collect Improvement Information
Two representations of the model• Staged Representation (or “View”):
– Most like other currently accepted models– Focuses on all process areas contained within a level– Used for Maturity Level ratings for contract awards– Start with any Process Area within a level.
• Continuous Representation (or “View”):– Was designed to focus on specific, individual process areas– Process areas are arranged into functional categories– Start with any Process Area.
• Staged is the most “popular” CMMI representation.– When your customers ask for a level or when an organization
says “We are Level N”, they are referring to a Maturity Level of the staged representation.
Maturity Levels (MLs)• A maturity level signifies the level of
performance that can be expected from an organization. There are 5 maturity levels. Following are the key features of each maturity level (ML):– ML 1 (Initial) – ad hoc processes– ML 2 (Managed) – basic project management system – ML 3 (Defined) – process standardization – ML 4 (Quantitatively Managed) – quantitative
management “by the numbers”– ML 5 (Optimizing) – continuous process improvement
ML 2 provides a foundation for ML 3, ML 3 for ML4, and ML 4 for ML 5.
Presenter – Margaret Kulpa• Chief Operating Officer of AgileDigm,
Incorporated• She is the primary author of the book
Interpreting the CMMI: A Process Improvement Approach, Second Edition, Auerbach (2008) which details how to identify, define, and improve business, systems and software processes on both enterprise-wide and project levels.
• Ms. Kulpa has developed and taught courses in software quality assurance, project management, peer reviews, requirements development and management, process baselines and modeling, safety and security, and other software engineering-related subjects. She has developed courses in CMMI and has served as an external member of numerous SCAMPIsm Class A Appraisals.