* GB784948 (A) Description: GB784948 (A) ? 1957-10-23 Improvements in apparatus for applying edible fats to bakery dough Description of GB784948 (A) % 12 PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of filing Complete Specification June 7, 1956. Application Date March 7, 1955. 784,948 No 6566155. -Q J) Complete Specification Published Oct23, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Classes 28 ( 1), H; and 95, B 2 H. International Classification: -A 231 B 05 o COMPLETE SPECIFICATION We, ALB Headington of 56, Botle jects do her we pray tha the method be particula ing stateme A T 1 his in, applying ed cular refers which the on to doug} ling on a c placed in t The obji provide an referred to, oil sprayed that each d cient lubrii adhesion tc producing loaf, but a occurs witl excess oil fi Accordir apparatus i fat is inter sure multidirected to, the respec different cy of operatio that of the subjected charges wh Preferab are individ dough-piec mum amoi surfaces to Part of 1 conveyor n is adjustabl oil picked sides of th
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
* GB784948 (A)
Description: GB784948 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements in apparatus for applying edible fats to bakery dough
Description of GB784948 (A)
% 12 PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of filing Complete Specification June 7, 1956. Application Date March 7, 1955. 784,948 No 6566155. -Q J) Complete Specification Published Oct23, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Classes 28 ( 1), H; and 95, B 2 H. International Classification: -A 231 B 05 o COMPLETE SPECIFICATION We, ALB Headington of 56, Botle jects do her we pray tha the method be particula ing stateme A T 1 his in, applying ed cular refers which the on to doug} ling on a c placed in t The obji provide an referred to, oil sprayed that each d cient lubrii adhesion tc producing loaf, but a occurs witl excess oil fi Accordir apparatus i fat is inter sure multidirected to, the respec different cy of operatio that of the subjected charges wh Preferab are individ dough-piec mum amoi surfaces to Part of 1 conveyor n is adjustabl oil picked sides of th lPrice 3 s. Improvements in Apparatus for applying Edible Fats to Bakery Dough ERT CROFT, of 85, Staunton Road, The surplus oil draining or removed from Oxford, and GORDON HALLETT, the conveyor may be collected in a tray from ey Ro d, Oxford, both British sub whence it flows through a strainer or strainers eby declare the invention, for which to a heated storage tank connected to the t a patent may be granted to us, and pump. by which it is to be performed, to In the accompanying drawings: arly described in and by the follow Fig 1 is a side elevation of one form of the nt: improved fat-applying apparatus, and vention relates to apparatus for Fig 2 is a view pf the same taken from the ible fats to bakery dough with parti left-hand end of Fig 1. ence to that type of apparatus in In the construction illustrated, the
main fats, in liquid form, are sprayed structure of the machine comprises a rectanguh pieces whilst the latter are travel lar sheet-metal casing 10 having the upperparts conveyor, and prior to their being of its end walls cut away to clear an endless ins for baking conveyor belt 11 which engages rollers 12 ect of the present invention is to journalled in brackets 13 external to the said imrproved apparatus of the type end walls and whose upper run extends mediwhich will permit of the amount of ally of, and flush with, the top of the casing 10. being very accurately controlled so One of the rollers 12 is driven, through a Lough-piece receives only just suffi reduction gearbox 14 and a chain (or belt) 15, cation to prevent its subsequent by an electric motor 16 in the lower part of the tin, such optimum lubrication the casing 10, the horizontal upper run of the a glaze or polish on the finished belt 11 being supported for substantially its voiding the unsightly effect which full length upon three laterally-spaced flat h mknown apparatus as a result of strips 17 (or alternatively a series of small inding its way into the tins rollers), whilst the lower run passes over a ig to this invention the improved jockey roller 18 journalled in a U-shaped s characterised in that the liquefied cradle 19 whose limbs are adjustable upon mittently delivered by a high-pres studs 20 to vary the belt tension. -cylinder pump to spraying nozzles The output shaft of the reduction gearbox wards the path of the dough-pieces, 14 is also connected by a chain (or belt) 21 :tive nozzles being connected to to the shaft of a high-pressure pump 22 of the Tlinders of the pump and the speed type used for fuel-injection purposes in conn of the latter being so related to nection with internal-combustion engines. conveyor that each dough-piece is Edible fat contained in a tank 23 below the to a plurality of collective dis conveyor belt 11, and kept fully fluid (i e at ilst passing the spraying nozzles 100-110 F) by a thermostatically-controlly the pump and spraying nozzles led electric heater 24, flows through a pipe 25 ually adjustable to ensure that each to the intake of the pump 22 which has three e treated will receive only the opti plungers working in cylinders respectively conunt of oil to prevent adhesion of its nected by further pipes 26 to a corresponding a baking tin number of atomizer nozzles 27. the surplus oil accumulating on the Two of these nozzles 27 are placed horizonaay be removed by a scarper which tally and facing one another, at opposite sides dle to regulate the amount of such of the conveyor 11 and about 2 inches above up from the conveyor by the under the mid-point of the latter's upper run, whilst e dough-pieces the third nozzle is disposed at a higher level 6 d.l Price 25 p 784,948 (say, 88 inches above the conveyor) and points towards the longitudinal centre
line of such conveyor, preferably with a slight inclination in the direction of the latter's travel. The pump 22 is designed to deliver at a pressure of 2500 to 3000 lbs per square inch, and is of known construction, with each cylinder discharging to the associated pipe 26 by way of a non-return valve which is so designed that in the process of closing, it automatically reduces the pressure in the pipe 26 so that the atomizer nozzle 27 fed thereby can seat instantaneously and without permitting any subsequent dribble. Each of the pump cylinders communicates with a common suction chamber by means of opposed inlet ports arranged at the same level and adapted to be shut off by the plunger during the latter part of the delivery stroke, the oil so trapped having constant access to a circumferential plunger groove whose upper edge is helically shaped so that, at a point determined by the angular position of the plunger, it uncovers one of the inlet ports and terminates delivery by allowing oil to return to the suction chamber. The pump output is controlled by collectively rotating the several plungers through the medium of a rack-rod 28 which is displaceable endwise by rotation of a hand-nut 29 thereon in contact with the exterior of the casing 10. Each atomizer nozzle 27 has means at 30 for adjusting its spring setting and hence the type of discharge thereof; i e the size of the globules into which the oil is broken up Any leakage between the valve plunger and the nozzle body returns to the spring chamber which may have an external pipe connection to the tank 23. The dough-pieces to be sprayed are placed on the conveyor 11 at its right-hand end (Fig. 1) and travel thereon (at, say, 50 feet per minute) through a sheet metal tunnel 31 to a hood 32 which encloses the nozzles 27, the weight of such pieces being supported by the strips 17 (or rollers) beneath the conveyor From the hool 32 the dough-pieces emerge through a second tunnel 33 and pass over the end of the conveyor 11 on to a discharge plate 34. The pump 22, balanced by a flywheel 35, discharges at regular intervals simultaneous high-pressure sprays from the three nozzles 27 on to the exposed surfaces of the passing dough-pieces, its rate of operation being so related to the travel of the conveyor 11 that no dough-piece travelling on the latter can avoid being sprayed For example; the pump 22 may be arranged to produce a spray (from all three nozzles 27) eight times per foot of belt passing through the hood 32. By suitable adjustment of the pump output in accordance with the type of discharge required, the delivery of oil during each spraying period
can be regulated so that each doughpiece wvill receive the exact amount of lubrication, and in a correctly atomized condition, to prevent its subsequent adhesion to the baking tin, but no more. Escape of oil mist from the spraying hood 70 32 is prevented by flexible hanging curtains 36 in the tunnels 31, 33 whilst the excess oil which accumulates on the belt 11 partly drips therefrom, and is partly scraped off by a plastic wiper blade 37, into a tray 38 which also 75 serves to receive any loose scraps of dough :emoved from the belt, the wiper blade 37 being adjusted so that enough oil is left on the belt 11 to complete the lubrication of each dough-piece, but not so much that the latter 80 is liable to skid sideways or be left behind by the belt. The oil so collected in the tray 38 drains back into the tank 23 through strainers 39 which are removable for cleaning whilst the 85 machine is in operation, the supply pipe 25 to the pump 22 having a filter 40 protecting its upper end and also containing a second filter 41 whose operative element is readily renewable 90 A detachable side plate 41 on the casing 10 affords access to the motor 16, gearbox 14 and pump 22, the upper edge of such plate having hinged thereto a second plate 41 which, on release of the catches 42, can be lowered to 95 permit refilling of the fat tank 23 and attention to the strainers aforesaid.
* Sitemap * Accessibility * Legal notice * Terms of use * Last updated: 08.04.2015 * Worldwide Database * 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB784949 (A)
Description: GB784949 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements in or relating to centrifugal strainer separators
Description of GB784949 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: April 6, 1955. 784,949 No 10096/55. k 1 f J Application made in United States of America on April 6, 1954. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 46, D 2 R( 1:5:7 B:1 OB:1 OC:1 OG). International Classification:-BO 1 d. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Centrifugal Strainer Separators We, THE WESTERN STATES MACHINE COMPANY, a corporation of the State of Utah, United States of America, having a place of business at Hamilton, County of Butler, and State of Ohio, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to centrifugal strainer separators, referred to as centrifuges, and relates particularly to the driving means for gyratory centrifuges of the type commonly used for the manufacture of sugar. According to the present invention, a centrifuge is provided with a vertical driving shaft having at its lower end a coupling member which interlocks with a second coupling member provided on a driven shaft which carries a basket in which material to be centrifuged is placed, and the coupling members are shaped so as to permit the driven shaft, with its rotary basket, to gyrate about a centre of gyration at the level of the coupling members and so that one member engages the periphery of the other at substantially the said level so that relative lateral movement between the members at this level is prevented In such a centrifuge the driving means for the basket is simple and economical in construction and installation since the need for an expensive bearing is eliminated. Conveniently, each coupling member is provided with its own set of teeth arranged coaxially with its own shaft and the sets of teeth are arranged so that they interlock or mesh with one another to provide a coupling between the shafts, and the sets of teeth are such that the outer surface of the teeth of one shaft engage the inner cylindrical surface of a sleeve carried by and coaxial with the other shaft, so that relative lateral movement between the members here is prevented, the gyration of the driven shaft being permitted lPrice 3/6 l by curving the said outer surfaces of the teeth. In order that the invention may be readily understood and carried into effect one example of a centrifuge constructed according 50 to the invention and in accordance with our Patent No 627,166 will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Fig 1
is a vertical section of the centrifuge 55 with the basket broken away and showing the turbine wheel for driving the centrifuge partlyj in side elevation and partly in section; Fig 1 A is a horizontal cross-section taken along line la-la of Fig 1; 60 Fig 2 is a diagrammatic plan view of the water wheel and turbine nozzles, showing the relative positions of the nozzles to the wheel; and Fig' 3 is a longitudinal cross-section 65 through a water supply control valve used in the centrifuge. Referring first of all to Fig 1, a vertical driving shaft 18, carrying the impulse wheel 19 of a water turbine 20, interlocks at its 70 lower end with a driven shaft or spindle 11, through a flexible coupling which is indicated at 17 and which is to be described in more detail later This spindle 11, which is formed in two separate sections lla and llb 75 having their flanges 15 and 16 secured together by bolts llc, carries at its lower end a conventional perforated centrifugal basket which is disposed within a surrounding casing 12 The weight of this basket 10 and 80 of the spindle 11 is supported by a suspension head, indicated generally at 13, from a stationary hanger 14 This hanger 14 is formed with an integral external flange 22 secured, as at 23 to the base of a housing 21 85 for the turbine 20, this housing 21 resting on a conventional supporting framework F. A centrifugal brake drum 24 is coaxial with and detachably secured to the spindle for rotation therewith and surrounds the sus 90 784,949 pension head assembly, extending axially in concentric spaced relation thereto Drum 24 is bolted to the spindle by bolts 25 which extend through aligned bores in a flange 26 formed internally on the drum and overlapping flange 15 of spindle section 1 la The drum is arranged to be engaged by friction brake bands 27 supported from hanger rods 27 a in known manner. A non-rotary sleeve 28 coaxial with the spindle section 1 a surrounds this section 1 la and has an upward extension 41 that surrounds and extends to a location above the flexible coupling 17 in spaced relation thereto The radial and thrust loads on the spindle 11 are transmitted directly from the spindle to the sleeve 28 by vertically spaced sets -of bearings 29 and 30, which are disposed between the spindle and the sleeve, and which are mounted in the latter coaxial with the spindle 11. The upper bearings 29 are preferably a double set of radial and thrust ball-bearings having their inner races seated on a cylindrical portion of spindle section 1 la, over shoulder 33 thereof, and their outer races resting against cylindrical portion 31 of sleeve 28 on an upwardly facing shoulder 32 of the sleeve, and a nut 34 threaded on the spindle section bears downwardly against the inner races so as to hold the bearings firmly in working position A ring or cap 35 overlies
the thrust bearings and is provided with passages 36 to direct lubricating fluid to the bearings from an oil bath formed by the sleeve extension 41 The ring 35 is confined axially between the nut 34 and the upper outer race of the bearings. The lower bearings 30 comprise a set of self-aligning roller bearings disposed at the lower end of the gyratory sleeve 28 between opposing cylindrical portions of the sleeve and spindle lla The inner race abuts an annular collar 37 held between it and an enlarged spindle portion 38 below the collar. An enlarged portion of the gyratory sleeve just below the extension surrounding flexible coupling 17 is formed with a part-spherical outer surface or ball element 39 which fits a similar surface 40 of a stationary annular ring or socket element 40 a, which is supported by the stationary hanger 14 It will be understood that the ball and socket arrangement 39, 40 a supports the assembly of the sleeve 28, while permitting this assembly to gyrate about the centre point C of the ball and socket elements in response to unbalanced basket loads or changes of basket load distribution which occur in the operation of the machine. A positive drive connection is provided between the non-gyratory vertical turbine driving shaft 18 and the gyratory basket spindle extension 1 la by means of the flexible coupling 17 which permits the necessary oscillatory movements of the spindle assembly about the centre of gyration at C, and this same coupling is here made to serve also as a radial anti-friction bearing for the lower end of the driving shaft so as to eliminate 70 the need for a ball or roller bearing at that point The coupling 17, which is disposed at the level of the centre of gyration, comprises two coupling members 44 and 43 b provided on the spindle 11 and the shaft 18 respective 75 ly, the member 44 being in the form of a collar having a set of radial teeth 45 arranged coaxially with the spindle 11, whilst the member 43 b is in the form of a ring having a set of evenly spaced, axially extending teeth 80 43 a which are arranged coaxially with the shaft 18 and which mesh with the first set. The teeth 45 of the gyratory collar 44 are "crown" teeth which have convex side surfaces engaging the adjacent -flat surfaces of 85 the teeth 43 a on ring 43 b and convex outer surfaces to engage the inner cylindrical surface of a sleeve 46 which is fixed to ring 43 b in surrounding relation to the series of interfitting teeth 45 and 43 a The sleeve 46 by 90 engaging the periphery (i e, the outer surfaces) of the teeth 45 serves to restrict or prevent lateral displacement of the axis of the turbine shaft relative to the axis of spindle section 1 la at the centre of gyration while 95 still permitting the needed gyratory movement of the spindle assembly in the course of the
centrifugal operations By this construction, the flexible coupling serves not only to transmit torque from the turbine to 100 the spindle but also acts as an antifriction radial bearing to sustain the lateral or radial loads acting on the lower end of the turbine shaft. Swing movement of the basket and spindle 103 assembly away from the normal axis of rotation is resisted by a resilient buffer ring 42, preferably made of rubber, which is disposed at a level above the centre of gyration C and is confined between an upwardly and out 110 wardly facing seat formed by flanges 47 and 48 at the top of sleeve extension 41 and an oppositely facing seat formed by an inner cylindrical surface of hanger 14 and an overhanging annular plate 49 which is movably 115 fastened to the hanger by bolts 49 a The buffer ring 42 affords the desired yielding resistance to the gyratory movements of the basket and spindle assembly, and the degree of this resistance can be adjusted by adjust 120 ing the plate fastening bolts 49 a, or by substituting a different buffer ring below plate 49, without dismounting the head of the machine. A cover or shield 78 on shaft 18 overlies 125 a central opening 49 b in plate 49 through which the coupling ring 43 b may be lifted freely whenever it is desired to remove the housing 21 and the driving motor from the machine 130 784,949 The suspension head is provided with means for maintaining a continuous forced circulation of oil through its bearings and over other rubbing parts for simultaneously lubricating and cooling the same, and the same head is provided with means for cooling the surrounding friction brake drum 24 with a regularly replenished body of cooling water As shown in Fig 1, an oil inlet port 60 is formed in the side wall of hanger 14 to deliver lubricating oil fed through a conduit 61 into an annular chamber 51 formed inside the hanger between its side and the inwardly spaced upward extension 41 of sleeve 28 A concentric chamber or bath 50 is formed at the inner side of extension 41 in surrounding relation to the flexible coupling 17 A radially extending passage 53 in extension 41 connects chamber 50 with chamber 51 so that oil fed into the latter through port 60 will overflow into chamber 50 and can be maintained at a level inundating the working surfaces of the coupling 17. It will be seen that the space between the spindle section lla and the gyratory sleeve 28 not only provides clearance to accommodate the upper and lower bearing sets 29 and but also contains between these bearings an annular partition 58 which defines inner and outer passages 54 and 55, respectively, for the circulation of lubricating oil Axially spaced flanges 56 and 57 on the inside of the gyratory sleeve 28 support and are sealed to the upper and lower ends of the partition. Thus the partition 58, sleeve 28 and spindle lla form both an inner
annular passage 54 through which oil passes from the upper bearings to the lower bearings, and also between the partition and sleeve 28, separate annular passage 55 through which used oil may be returned to the oil supply system (not shown) in a manner yet to be described. It will be evident that oil present in chamber 50 of the sleeve extension will flow by gravity through passages 36 of the upper bearing cap 35, will then bathe all the parts of the upper bearings 29, and then will flow through the inner annular passage 54 to inundate moving parts of the lower bearings 30. As the oil leaves the lower bearings it passes into an oil receptacle in the form of a cylinder which is coaxial with the spindle 11 and which is formed around the lower portion of sleeve 28 by means of an annular wall 59 secured to an upper surface of the flange of the spindle section lla Wall 59 is spaced inwardly from the friction drum 24 and spaced outwardly from sleeve 28, and it extends upwardly from flange 15 in that spaced relationship to a suitable location where a top wall 59 a extends inwardly from wall 59 to form a running seal with the outer periphery of sleeve 28 This seal is formed by an inward flange 59 b of wall 59 a extending into the confines of an outwardly facing annular groove 59 c in sleeve 28 An annular shield or cap 59 d is fitted on sleeve 28 above wall 59 a and extends over that wall and around it and the uppermost part of wall 59 70 so as to prevent cooling water inside the brake drum 24 from entering into the oil reservoir formed by wall 59. The oil flowing past the lower bearings at thus accumulates in the oil receptacle 75 surrounding these bearings, and as the machine is operated excess oil is regularly removed from the oil receptacle by the action of a stationary scoop 62 which is fitted into a radial opening in sleeve 28 and has an oil 80 passageway 62 a for conducting oil from the reservoir formed by wall 59 into the outer oil passage 55 formed between sleeve 28 and partition 58 As shown more fully in Fig la, the scoop 62 has a mouth disposed in the 85 path of movement of oil which rises on and rotates with the inner surfaces of wall 59 as the machine rotates at high speed Since the mouth opens in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation, oil on the rotating wall 90 59 is scooped therefrom and flows under pressure through port 62 a into the cylindrical space constituting the passage 55 When passage 55 is filled with oil, the excess oil may be discharged through a duct indicated 95 at 64, 63 and 65, which is formed in the wall of the sleeve 28 itself, the oil finally passing into bore 66 of a fitting 71 connected by pipe 72 with a suitable oil cooling and supply system (not shown) A suction pump prefer 100 ably is connected with pipe 72 to assure the continued removal of used oil accumulated in passage 55. The excess oil in the head may be discharged by gravity, if desired,
in which event 105 fitting 71 may be removed and the hanger opening closed by a pipe plug screwed in the place of this fitting Duct 65 then opens into an upright duct 67 in hanger 14, which opens into an overflow pipe 70 located at the de 110 sired maximum level of oil in the chambers and 51 In this arrangement, the feed pipe 61 has a shut-off valve, preferably solenoidoperated, which will stop the inflow through pipe 61 whenever the machine stops, i e, 115 whenever the scoop 62 ceases to be active due to insufficient rotation of reservoir wall 59 In this manner of use of the structure, oil pumped upward by the scoop action flows through duct 67 and is discharged by gravity 120 through the overflow pipe 70 By reason of port 67 a, and the port 53 between chamber and chamber 51, the duct 67 and overflow pipe 70 provide protection against overfilling of the head with lubricating oil in any 125 manner of use of the structure. It will be seen that during operation of the centrifuge lubricating oil is circulated in a positive manner by admitting oil into a stationary part of the head (the hanger), passing 130 784,949 the oil by gravity to upper and lower bearings supporting the rotating parts of the assembly, and then forcibly returning the oil by self-contained means in the head to the stationary hanger for return to the oil cooling and supply system and subsequent recirculation through the head. A regulated circulation of brake cooling water also is maintained during operation of the machine, the supply of this water being introduced into the brake drum 24 through inlet pipe 76 and excess water being removed from the inner surface of the drum in the running phase of each centrifugal cycle by the action of a scoop-like end of discharge pipe 77 During the running phase, the water walled up against the drum is prevented from overflowing by top flange 24 a on the drum and by the scooping action of pipe 77 When the machine is stopped, the water supply through pipe 76 is stopped by the operation of a suitable shut-off valve (not shown) The shield and sealing devices at 59 b, c and d not only prevent water inside the drum from reaching the oil inside wall 59 but also prevent this oil from spilling into the space for the cooling water. With the described head and drive arrangement, the brake is conveniently disposed on the spindle between the driving means and the basket of the machine and near the centre of gyration of the spindle and basket assembly, and all parts of the suspension head as well as the flexible coupling, the brake elements, and the feed and discharge lines for lubricating oil and brake cooling water are organized together in a compact arrangement which is relatively easy to assemble and disassemble and which makes optimum use of the limited head room normally available at the machines.
In association with the structure described above, a driving system is provided for the gyratory basket and spindle assembly having new features of construction and control which give important operating advantages. With reference to the driving unit 20 of Fig. 1, the impulse or water wheel 19 within housing 21 has a hub 100 to the periphery of which is fixed a set of spaced impulse buckets 200 A pair of nozzles 103 and 104 (see Fig 2), are spaced 180 apart and arranged in the housing so as to direct separate jets of water against the buckets 200 at diametrically opposed parts of their orbit At its lower end the housing 21 is provided with an outlet 106 through which water is discharged from the housing An inner casing 107 surrounds the turbine shaft 18 below wheel 19 and slopes downwardly and outwardly to the base of the housing so as to close off the interior of the water housing from the upper end of the flexible coupling and head assembly. The impulse wheel buckets 200 have the function of extracting energy from the water jets discharged from nozzles 103 and 104 so as to drive the wheel and the shaft and the spindle connected to it. Each of the buckets is attached to the hub 70 by means of an inwardly extended mounting lug 205 which is integral with an upper inner part of the bucket The lug 205 has a flat and wedge-shaped horizontal outline which adapts it to fit on the hub in close 75 relation to the lugs of adjacent buckets, and each lug is fastened securely to the hub by screws 206. Control of the power developed by the water turbine for bringing the centrifuge to 80 the desired full operating speed is effected by water flow control valves 117 and 117 a which respectively regulate the water flow through nozzles 103 and 104 To provide the high power necessary for acceleration of the 85 centrifuge, both nozzles are opened to direct two separate jets against the wheel When the full speed is reached either of the nozzles may be closed to continue the full speed operation under the reduced power of the jet 90 from the other nozzle, or both of the nozzles may be closed so as to allow the centrifuge to coast at high speed without continued motive power The control valves are pressure responsive quick acting valves which 95 are particularly suitable for remote control by suitable automatic control means. The nozzles 103 and 104 are mounted in the ends of respective housings 116 and 116 a which form water passages 115 and 115 a ex 10 J tending from the respective control valves 117 and 117 a Each nozzle housing is detachably supported as a removable segment of the water housing 21 so that it can easily be removed and replaced in order to substi 105 tute a nozzle of different size, or for any other reason. The control valves 117 and 117 a are identical in construction and
operation, so the details of only one of these are shown in Figs 110 1 and 3 of the drawings As seen in Fig 3, valve 117 includes an elongated hollow, valve body 118 having an inlet 119 at one end, and axially aligned outlet 120 at the other end and a water chamber l Sa between 115 the ends Outlet 120 is defined by a replaceable wear-resistant ring 121 that forms an annular seat 121 a for the conical tip 122 b of an axially reciprocable valve needle 122. A substantially cylindrical needle housing 120 12 '3 is disposed within and on the axis of the valve body 118 in spaced relation to the surrounding wall of the water chamber, housing 123 being supported in that position by ribs 124 extending from the chamber wall The 125 needle housing forms an elongated cylindrical chamber 125 which is open at its end nearer to outlet 120 and which slidably receives needle 122 through the open end A lining 126 forms the inner wall of chamber 130 784,949 125, and a rear end wall of this chamber is formed by a plate 128 which constitutes a spring seat having an aperture 128 a to connect chamber 125 with a cavity 127 in the rear end of housing 123 The cylindrical stem or plunger 122 a of the needle is sealed against the inner cylindrical surface of lining 126 and is provided with a series of external grooves 132 which assist the sliding and sealing actions of the needle. The needle 122 is formed with an axial cavity 130 that opens from its rear end into chamber 125 and receives a compression spring 131 bearing against the plate 128 The spring serves to move the needle to its closed position against the valve seat under circumstances hereinafter described. The pressure of water in chamber 118 a of the valve body 118 can be transmitted into chamber 125, for applying pressure to the back of needle 122, through a pilot valve indicated generally at 129, a duct 135 leading into the pilot valve from chamber 118 a, and a duct 136 leading into cavity 127 from the pilot valve. The pilot valve 129 includes a valve body having therein a chamber 145 which communicates with duct 135 through port 146 and a filter plug 161 and communicates with duct 136 through a port 147 containing a restricted passageway or bleeder 155 for limiting the rate of water flow into and from the needle housing The wall of chamber 145 opposite to port 146 has an outlet opening 151 which normally is closed by a movable valve needle 144 held against the mouth of this opening by a spring 138 A forward surface 144 a of the same valve needle is arranged to open and close the passageway through port 146 by movement of the needle relative to seal element 143 in port 146, the arrangement being such that port 146 is open when port 151 is closed by needle 144 and port 151 is open when port 146 is closed thereby. When port 151 is open, water can flow freely through it into a chamber
149 of the pilot valve body and thence through port 150 at the bottom of that chamber into a drain pipe 152. The pilot valve needle 144 has a stem 141 which extends backward through port 151 and chamber 149 to a connection with a fluid-tight diaphragm 137 which separates chamber 149 from another chamber 139 at the end of the pilot valve body The compression spring 138 surrounds stem 141 and bears against the diaphragm 137, thus normally holding the valve needle in close relation to port 151 Chamber 139, however, is connected with a conduit 160 through which compressed air may be admitted into this chamber, and when the pressure against diaphragm 137 of air in chamber 139 exceeds the pressure of spring 138, the valve needle 144 is moved from its normal position in which port 151 is closed to a position in which port 146 is closed. Accordingly, the admission of compressed air to the pilot valve through conduit 160 serves to, close the passageways connecting 70 the water chamber 11 8 a with the main needle chamber 125 and to release through bleeder and port 151 any water pressure existing in chamber 125, while the venting of air pressure from the pilot valve serves to intercon 75 nect chamber 118 a and chamber 125 so that the pressure of water in the former will be transmitted into the latter and thus will be applied to the rear end of the plunger 122 a of needle 122 It results that in the normal 80 position of the pilot valve, the same water pressure being applied to the rear end of the valve needle 122, this pressure together with the force of the spring 131 will move needle 122 to its closed position where the needle 85 will be held as long as the pilot valve stays in normal position thus preventing the passage of water to the nozzle 103 or 104 of the impulse wheel. It will be noted further, however, that the 90 plunger portion 122 a of needle 122 terminates at a forwardly facing shoulder 134 on a forward part of this needle within water chamber 118 a This shoulder presents a sufficient area that the backward pressure 95 exerted against it by the water present in chamber 118 a substantially exceeds the forward seating force exerted on needle 122 by the weight of the needle and/or by the compression spring 131 when the needle is in its 100 seated position Accordingly, when the pilot valve 129 is moved from its normal closed position to its other or active position, the water pressure normally applied against the back end of needle 122 is released from 105 chamber 125, and the backward pressure still exerted on shoulder 134 then moves needle 122 away from its seated position To facilitate this unseating movement, the spring 131 may be made or arranged so that it exerts 110 little or no force until the needle has moved a substantial distance, say 1/8th of ani inch, away from seat 121 a As the needle moves to open port 120, the conical end surface 122 b also becomes subject to the pressure of the 115 water supply; so
this pressure continues to move the needle backward against spring 131 until the valve is fully open The water in chamber 118 a then flows under its full pressure through port 120 and passage 115 or 120 a to form a wheel-driving jet as it issues from the water nozzle 103 or 104. If any failure occurs in the supply of air pressure for the pilot valve, the corresponding water jet driving the machine is auto 125 matically cut off by action of the control valve, due to the release of air pressure from chamber 139 and the resulting closing movement of needle 122. In the use of the disclosed machine, the 130 784,949 inlet 119 of each control valve is connected with a source of water held constantly under a pressure suitable for driving the water turbine, and the compressed air line 160 of each valve is connected through a suitable air valve, for example, a hand-operated or solenoid-operated three-way air valve, with a source of air held constantly under a pressure sufficient to overbalance the pilot valve lo spring 138 When a solenoid-operated air valve is used, it may be actuated by electrical control means of a type widely used for controlling the operations of sugar centrifuges. If the machine is to be used with a mechanical discharger for discharging solids from the centrifugal basket, the driving shaft 18 preferably is extended above the water wheel, as indicated at 250 in Fig 1, so as to pass through a top bearing shown at 252 and be connected with the driven clutch element of a low speed discharge drive mechanism of the type disclosed in Specification No. 688,707. The operations of the present machine are carried out in any of the ways used for sugar centrifuges or other heavy cyclical centrifuges When the basket is ready to be accelerated to its full running speed, compressed air is admitted to line 160 of each of the control valves 117 and 117 ca, whereupon the valves open and water jets from the nozzles 103 and 104 impinge against the buckets 200 of the impulse wheel The centrifuge then accelerates under the energy absorbed from the jets, and when the full running speed is reached at least one of the jets is cut off by releasing the compressed air from the corresponding pilot valve This can be done manually or by actuating an air valve on line 160 by an automatic time-controlled or speedcontrolled mechanism (not shown) Meanwhile, the spent water from the jets leaves the buckets 200 entirely beneath the water wheel 100 and passes through chamber 108 of the water housing to the water outlet 106. When the centrifuge has run for the des-ired period at high speed, both of the water control valves are closed and the brake 27 is
applied in known manner to bring the centrifuge to rest During all the running period, oil is fed through pipe 61 into the lubrication system of the head, excess oil is returned to the oil supply tank (not shown) through pipe or pipe 72, cooling water is fed into the brake drum through pipe 76, and excess water is discharged from the drum through scoop pipe 77.
* Sitemap * Accessibility * Legal notice * Terms of use * Last updated: 08.04.2015 * Worldwide Database * 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB784950 (A)
Description: GB784950 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements in or relating to metal working machines
Description of GB784950 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION 784,950 Date of filing Complete Specification: April 12, 1956. Application Date: April 12, 1955. No 10548/55. k jf / Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 833 ( 4), E 1 (El: JX), International Classification:-B 23 k. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements' in or relating to M Ptnl Ix A ,rf SPECIFICATION NO 784, 950 By a direction given under Section 17 ( 1) of the Patents Act 9 Y this applicnatitonad proceeded in the name o I W 1 i Blot-Breeden Limited, a British compan Y, of Ailnton Road, Tyseley, Blrmingham, Warwickshire. THE h PENT Ove FFI Cb Er, DB 00131 ( 10)/13598 100 11/57 R THE PATENT OFFICE, lzih Vovember, z 957 t.o la,-dnue, in wflich tne work is
clamped at one end to a profiled former block and' is then shaped,to the form of the profile of the former block by hydraulic pressure acting through a heavy shoe that is able to slide over a table on the machine The shoe is forced' against the work by a roller that presses on the back of the shoe, said roller being mounted in the nose of a press' member carried on a swinging arm of the machine and subject to the action of a hydraulic pistonandi-cylinder-unit or ram on the arm During operation, the swinging of the arm displaces the shoe angularly, andi causes it to, as it were, roll on the workpiece, transferring the place of application of pressure to the workpiece progressively along it, so that, starting at the clamped, 'end, the workpiece progressively takes the shape of the former along its length To provide a positive control of the angular displacement of the shoe, an auxiliary hydraulic piston-and-cylinder-unit or ram is also provided' to swing with the arm and is coupled to the back of the shoe at a position spaced in the direction of swing from the place of application of pressure thereto by the main ram A machine having the features specifiedl in this paragraph will hereinafter be referred to as a machine of the kind, described The present invention contemplates a modification in machines of the kind described wherein the shoe and ithe shoe-pressing roller lPrice 3 s 6 d Jy 5 4 LI g aurng the 'bendiing operation One form of construction in accordance with the invention will now be described: by way of example Reference will be had to the accompanying drawings, in which:Figure 1 is a plan of the prior machine the subject of Patent Specification No. 665,560. Figure 2 shows in plan the modifications proposed according to the invention, and Figure 3 is an elevation of the constructional assembly of 'Figure 2, partly in section on the line 3-3 of Figure 2. The machine,to be described which, enmbodies the invention is in large measure the same as that which is described' and illustrated in Patent Specification No 665,560, and which is also shown in Figure 1 The prior machine has a profiled former block 32, curved in plan, to which one end of a straight workpiece is clamped by means of a clamp 63 operated by a hydraulic piston-and-cylinderunit 61, The workpiece is formed' on to the former profile by means of a heavy shoe 4,8. which slides on a table 3 1 forming part of a swinging arm 19 The arm 19, which is swung by means of a long hydraulic ram 37 about a pivot pin 35 disposed behind the former block profile, carries a piston-and cylinder-unit or ram '44 which acts through a rod and a sliding press member or cross head 1,7 to apply pressure to the back of the shoe PATENT SPECIFICATION 784,950 Date of filing Complete Specification: April 12, 1956. Application Date: April 12, 1955.
No 10548/55. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 83 ( 4), El(El: JX). International Classification:;-B 23 k. i COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements' in or relating to Metal Working Machines We, REDMAN TOOLS AND PRODUCTS LIMITED, a British Company, and ALBERT MAURICE REDMAN, a British Subject, both of Gregory's Bank, Worcester, (both formerly of St Martin's Gate, Worcester), do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement:This invention comprises improvements in or relating to metal working machines, and relates to machines for bending and shaping metal bars, strips, rods and 'like work-pieces. In our Patent Application No 665,560, there is described a bending machine, in which the work is clamped at one end to a profiled former block and is then shaped to the form of the profile of the former block by hydraulic pressure acting through a heavy shoe that is able to slide over a table on the machine The shoe is forced against the work by a roller that presses on the back of the shoe, said roller being mounted in the nose of a press member Carried on a swinging arm of the machine and subject to the action of a hydraulic pistonand-cylinder-unit or ram on the arm During operation, the swinging of the arm displaces the shoe angularly and causes: it to, as it were, roll on the workpiece, transferring the place of application of pressure to the workpiece progressively along it, so that, starting at the clamped end, the workpiece progressively takes the shape of the former along its length To provide a positive control of the angular displacement of the shoe, ian auxiliary hydraulic piston-and-cylinder-unit or ram is also provided to swing with the arm and is coupled to the back of the shoe at a position spaced in the direction of swing from' the place of application of pressure thereto by the main ram A machine having the features specified in this paragraph will hereinafter be referred to as a machine of the kind described, The present invention contemplates a modification in machines of the kind described wherein the shoe and the shoe-pressing roller f Price 3 s6 dl'C t that bears on the back of it are replaced by a carriage between the nose of the press member and the work, which carriage provides a mounting for one or more work-forming rollers to bear directly on the workpiece, the auxiliary piston-andcylinder-unit or ram being coupled to the carriage at a position spaced fin the direction of swing from the place of application of pressure thereto by the nose of the press member.
Preferably, the carriage also carries hardened blocks to assist the rollers in forming the work by engaging the edges: of the workpiece and thereby helping to prevent it from buckling and wrinkling during the bending operation, One form of construction in accordance with the invention will now be described by way of example, Reference will be had to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a plan of the prior machine the subject of 'Patent Specification No. 1665,5 '60 Figure 2 shows in plan the modifications proposed according to the invention, and Figure 3 is an elevation of the constructional assembly of Figure 2, partly in section on the line 3-3 of Figure 2. The machine to be described which embodies the invention is in large measure the same as that which is described' and illustrated' in Patent Specification No 665,560, and which is allso shown in Figure 1 The prior machine has a profiled former block 32, curved in plan, to which one end of a straight workpiece is clamped by means of a clamp 63 operated by a hydraulic piston-and-cylinderunit 61, The workpiece is formed' on to the former profile by means of a 'heavy shoe 48, which slides on a table 31 forming part of a swinging arm 19 The arm 19, which is swung by means of a long hydraulic ram 37 about a pivot pin 35 disposed behind the former block profile, carries a piston-an& cylinder-unit or ram 44 which acts through a rod and a sliding press member or 'cross head 1 i 7 to apply pressure to the back of the shoe 784,950 48 and force it on to the work The nose of the press member 17 has a roller 47 to bear on the back of the shoe, and as the arm swings the roller travels along the shoe thereby displacing the shoe angularly and rolling it along the workpiece to transfer the place of application of pressure to the workpiece progressively along it away from the clamped end Also in the prior machine, to provide a positive control of the angular displacements of the shoe 48, the swinging arm 19 carries an auxiliary hydraulic piston-and-cylinderunit 51 alongside the main ram 44 The rear end of the piston-and cylinder-unit 51 is pivoted on a frame 52 which has its rear end secured to a block 53 sliding on guides 54 on the side of the arm and its front end mounted on the side of the press member 17 The piston rod of the unit 51 is coupled ito a block 56 mounted to slide along a slottedc arm 57 projecting rearwardly from a saddle 16 on the back of the shoe 48 The saddle 16 is able to slide along the shoe on guides 59, and carries the aforementioned rearwardly projecting arm 57 at one end while at the other it is provided with lugs pivoted to the press member or croess head 17 about a pivot axis in line with the axis of the roller 47 It will be seen that the auxiliary piston-and-cylinder-unit 51 is located at the side of the swinging arm remote from the clamped end of the workpiece, that is to say during the swinging of the arm 19 to shape a workpiece the auxiliary unit 51 leads the main unit 44,.
Turning now to the present machine, however, ('Figures 2 and 3), the forming shoe and the shoe-pressing roller which bears upon the back of it are removed, and in their place is mounted a carriage 11 bearing two parallel forming-rollers 12, 13. As in the case of the shoe which it replaces, the carriage 11 rests on the table of the machine and has guide slots 15 along the back Lo that it can' be fitted to the saddle 16 that is mounted between the nose member 17 of the main hydraulic ram on the swinging arm 19 of the machine and the auxiliary hydraulic control carried at the side of said arm Unlike the shoe, however, the carriage 11 does not slide with respect to the saddle 16 during operation, but is constrained by having a rearwardly projecting bushed boss 20 at its back which is received in the space in, the nose 17 55, of the main ram vacated by the shoe-pressing roller, and secured by a pivot pin 21 passing through it and journalledi in the pivot pin journals for said roller This arrangement enables the carriage 11 to swing about the pivot pin 21 under the control of the auxiliary control cylinder. The front of the carriage 11 facing the work is formed with the upper and lower horizontal longitudinal flanges 22, 23, between which are carried the steel forming-rollers 12, 13, spaced longitudinally of the carriage with their axes vertical, the rollers being mounted on pivot pins 24 journalled through the carriage flanges. The rollers are of substantial size and weight, being nearly a foot in diameter and, say six 70 to seven inches wide, and they are arranged close together, for example, less than half an inch apart, Each of the rollers has centrally around its periphery an annular recess 25 of a cross-section corresponding to the cross sec 75 tional profile of the material to be worked. Bolted to the fronts of the carriage flanges 22, 23 are two hardened steel blocks 26, 27. These blocks, which are basically rectangular in form, extend for almost the full distance 80 between the roller axes and also project somewhat beyond the roller peripheries toward the work The blocks furthermore extend partway across the width of the space between the flanges 22, 23 occupied by the rdllers 12, 13, 85 to overlap the end portions 28 of the rollers that are not recessed, each block having two part-cylindrical cavities 29 into which the plain ends of the rollers fit fairly closely That is to say, the lower hardened block 27 extends 90 upwardly from the lower flange 23 of the carriage 11 past the plain lower ends 28 of the rollers 12, 13 as far as the commencement of the annular recesses 25 in the rollers, while the upper block 26 extends downwardly past 95 the upper plain ends of the rollers in like fashion. The operation of the machine is generally similar to that described in
Patent Specification No 665,560, with the rollers 12, 13 on 100 the carriage 11 rolling along the workpiece instead of a shoe, the swinging movements of the carriage being controlled by the auxiliary control cylinder as before The aforementioned hardened blocks 26, 27 on the front of the car 105 riage are of considerable importance in that, during the bending, they lie along the edges of the workpiece being bent and are thereby effective in preventing it from buckling and wrinkling, 110 The advantages of the machine according to the invention are as follows: Owing to the circular shape of the rollers, the amount of the workpiece which is exposed to pressure at any one time is less than in the 115 previous machine, and therefore the same amount of bending can be achieved with less pressure in the ram and in addition harder material can be worked effectively. As a result of the greater concentration of 120 pressure on the area of the wvorkpiece being bent at any one time, it is possible to traverse the swinging arm faster than would be possible when using a shoe Moreover, by virtue of the pressure being evenly distributed between the 125 two rollers when the plane of their axes is at right-angles to the line of pressure, an internal breaking action is achieved in the sense that while the leading riller is bending the material of the workpiece, the following roller is keep 130 thereby restrain it from unwanted distortion.
* Sitemap * Accessibility * Legal notice * Terms of use * Last updated: 08.04.2015 * Worldwide Database * 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB784951 (A)
Description: GB784951 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements relating to containers and closures therefor
Description of GB784951 (A)
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements relating to Containers and Closures Therefor We, AMERICAN FLANGE & MANUFACTUR- ING CO. INC., of 30, Rockefeller Plaza, New York 20, United States of America, a Corporation of the State of Delaware, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention pertains to containers and closures therefor. More particularly it relates to such closures where the closure receiving means are formed in thin sheet metal material being part of, or of material comparable to, the material of the container wall. Previous efforts to provide closures for steel barrels and drums and comparable smaller containers by imparting plug-receiving formations to the container wall stock about openings therethrough, thus eliminating any separate flanges or bushings, failed to provide adequate closures. To a large extent the closures so formed were cumbersome. The plugs were rough and heavy and the gasketing of them on the container wall stock was not truly effective. Furthermore the closures lacked facilities for the effective reception of capseals. For these reasons, and others, they failed to find a ready market. It is an object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages of the Prior Art closures and to provide improved closures for container openings. According to the invention, a closure for a container opening comprises: a section of container wall material formed with an opening therethrough and a closure receiving formation bordering said opening, said formation including a neck drawn up from said material around said opening and extending upwardly in substantially the form of a cylinder, the upper end of said neck being drawn inwardly in a rounded bead and the material extending downwardly from said bead, in the form of a collar, in spaced relation with respect to said neck, said collar terminating in an inwardly extending shoulder bordering the opening through said neck; a closure plug received by said neck and having means engaged with said shoulder for retaining said plug in place in said neck; a gasket seat formed on said plug having a base in opposed relation with respect to said collar; a head formed on said plug and extending outwardly around said gasket seat, said head being formed with a downwardly extending edge and said edge engaging said collar in spaced relation with respect to said shoulder; and a gasket carried by said plug on the gasket seat thereof, said gasket being confined by said gasket seat, said collar and said shoulder, and filling the space
between the same. The closure receiving formation is simply formed. It receives plugs or bungs of types commonly employed in other closures and, also, receives capseals in leakproof manner over the openings. The closure of the invention is a lightweight unobtrusive construction and embodies a real step forward in the Art. Various embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which: Fig. 1 is a plan view of a section of container wall stock provided with a closure opening in accordance with the invention; Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken on lines 2-2 of Fig. 1 and looking in the direction of the arrows; Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1 of a somewhat modified form of the invention; Fig. 4 is a vertical section taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 3 and looking in the direction of the arrows; Fig. 5 is part section, part elevation of a piece of container wall stock formed with a closure therein, in accordance with Figs. 1 and 2, and including a plug in such open ing; Fig. 6 is a similar view showing a capseal applied over the opening; Figs. 7 and 8 are fragmentary sectional views of a container wall opening a capseal therefor and a portion of a sealing tool, illustrating the method of forming the neck bordering the opening at the same time the capseal is applied; Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig. 2, illustrating the first step in another method of forming the neck to effectively carry a capseal; Fig. 10 is a view of the neck formation as seen in Fig. 9, with a capseal applied thereto; Fig. 11 is a vertical section of the head of a container ready to be applied to the body of the container and equipped with a closure in accordance with the invention: Fig. 12 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of the head and a portion of the body of a container, showing the application of an element incorporating a completed closure in accordance with the invention, to an opening in the head of the filled container; and Fig. 13 is a similar view illustrating a dif- ferent manner of application of the closure. In the description which follows, the invention will be described from the standpoint of the formation of the closure open. ing in a complete container wall. It is to be understood, however, that this is for simplicity of description and that the invention is not limited thereto, inasmuch as the closure opening of the invention
could just as readily be applied to sections of sheet metal which are afterwards secured to openings in the container 'walls as illustrated in Figs. 12 and 13. The section of container wall stock, illustrated at 1 of Fig. 1 is provided with a closure receiving opening 2 which is bordered by a receiving formation generally indicated at 3. This formation consists of an up- standing neck 4 extending directly laterally upward from the body of the container wall stock, which neck is beaded over inwardly and downwardly at its upper end in a smooth rounded bead 5. From the bead 5 a collar 6 extends downwardly in parallel spaced relation with respect to the neck 4. The neck 6 is turned laterally inwardly into a ledge or shoulder portion 7. The shoulder portion 7, as here shown, forms a single thread whose beginning and end 8 and 9 are vertically spaced and offset at the notch 10. It will thus be apparent that when, as shown in Fig. 5, a hollow-headed closure plug 11, having a threaded side wall 12, whose threads are mated to the thread formation provided by the rim 7, is engaged with that rim, the plug can be readily screwed down into the open mg. From the showing in the drawing it is clearly apparent that the neck 4 and the collar 6 are spaced a substantial distance apart. This, as will be seen from the description to follow, enables the neck 4 to be pressed inwardly in the application of a capseal, or ready for such application, without disturbing the shape and effectiveness of the collar 6 and rim 7 for the reception of a closure plug. Furthermore the bead 5 provides an effective seat for engagement with a capseal gasket, whether a plug be present or not. The alternative construction of Figs. 3 and 4 is in most respects the same as that of Figs. 1 and 2, the only difference being that instead of providing a ledge or rim 7 in the form of a single thread having spaced ends, the collar 6, in this instance, carries a continuous inclined ledge or rim 13 extending laterally therefrom. This rim is formed on the same pitch as that of the threaded member to be engaged therewith and so long as the pitch of this rim, the size of the opening formed therein and the related features of the screw threaded plug to be engaged therewith, are accurately mated, a screw plug, such as shown in 11 of Fig. 5, can be engaged with and screwed down within the rim 13, though it is a continuous inclined circle rather than a helix. The form of Figs. I and 2 allows greater latitude between the screw plug and the rim or ledge formation so is to be preferred, though the form of Figs. 3 and 4 is equally effective when the parts are related with sufficient exactness.
The plug 11, as shown in Fig. 5, has an outwardly extending head 14 around its upper portion and is recessed at 15, between the undersurface of the head and the threaded portion 12, to receive a compressible gasket 16. From the cross-sectional showing of Fig. 5 it will be apparent that when the plug is screwed home the lower edge of the head 14 engages the collar 6 above the shoulder 7. The gasket 16 is confined by the collar 6 and the shoulder 7 on one hand and the head 14 and side wall 17 of the plug on the other hand to form, in effect, a packing. Thus, though the gasket is small in cross-section, compared to those of the wide flat type, it nevertheless makes an effective seal against leakage. Actually the plug co-operates with the metal of the opening formation to strengthen and reinforce it while, at the same time, compressing the gasket to the extent needed to make a leak- proof joint. In Fig. 6 the closure of Fig. 5 is shown with a capseal applied thereover in leakproof manner. Such capseal has a disk-like top 20, raised at its centre portion to encompass the head of the plug and depressed at 21 where the gasket 22 is received internally thereof. From its depressed portion 21 the capseal continues in a downwardly extend- ing skirt 23 which is tightly secured to the neck 4 beneath the bead 5 by an inward depression of the mid-portion of the neck 4 into which the mated portion of the skirt 23 seats. The depression in the neck 4, as here illustrated, is brought about by the action of the sealing tool as illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8. The, tool, for the effective application of these caps, employs a pressure pad 25 which seats on the depressed portion; 21, and a plurality of jaws 26 rockably mounted to be forced inward by a contracting bell 27. The jaws 26 have rounded noses, as indicated at 28, and these noses engage the skirt 23 of the seal. Thus when the tool is properly seated on the cap and is actuated, the noses 28 will press that neck in a suitable radius for the effective reception of the capseal. While this is being done the skirt 23 will be drawn down and the gasket 22 will be suitably compressed. The capseal will finally be seated as illustrated in Fig. 6. A somewhat modified manner of forming the neck for the reception of the capseal is illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10. Here the neck 34, rather than being straight, as illustrated at 4, before the capseal is applied, is initially drawn inward on a small radius. Thus when a capseal 35, as illustrated in Fig. 10, is applied thereto, a further small deformation of the neck is all that is called for to effectively seat the cap. In other words the inward formation of the neck for effective reception of the cap is here accomplished in two stages rather than in the single stage of Figs. 7 and 8. This has been found advisable in some types and
thicknesses of metal, in order to avoid too great drawing of the sheet 1 as may result from forming the whole recess in the neck in one stage. The illustrations of the manner in which the opening and closure formation of the invention introduces improvements into the manufacture and utilization of containers are set forth in Figs. 11, 12 and 13. In the Fig. 11 form, a complete container head is illustrated at 40, with a suitably edged flange 41 for securing it to the body of a container. Gasketing material 42, to form a tight seal between the head and body, is also illustrated. The head 40, as here shown, is provided with a completely sealed closure as illustrated in Fig. 6. It is thus contemplated that such heads will be fabricated, complete with closures, and will be shipped direct to the filler of the container who will have on hand container shells complete except for heads. When the container is filled one of the heads 40 will merely be applied to it by a suitable seaming operation between the flange 41, or such other formation as exists at that position, and the top of the side wall of the container. This makes for rapid fill- ing, simplifies the work to be done by the container manufacturer and eliminates the necessity for the filler of the container to manipulate a closure for a small opening. With regard to the shipping of container heads, such as shown in Fig. 11, the closure performs another useful function. For economical shipping the heads would, of course, be nested one within another. If the closure were not present, however, spacers would be needed to prevent the heads from nesting so tightly together that it would be difficult and time consuming to separate them. The closure acts as such spacer, so no separate spacers are needed. Though a single closure is illustrated as applied to the head 40 it is, of course, to be appreciated that the showing is in no way limiting in this respect. A pair of openings and closures therefor-a large and a small as commonly found on barrels, pails and drums, can be provided. In Fig. 12 a head 50 is illustrated as already seamed at 51 to the body 52 of the container wall. Here a separate plate 53, provided with a closure as in Fig. 6, is seamed at 54 to the head 50. Where the container is of a size to locate the closure so that an effective tool can be used for seaming or sealing, such a closure, already complete with capseal and plug in place, could be seamed to the head so as to cover the opening bordered by the portion 55. Thus a relatively large opening could be used for a filling of the container and a closed re-usable closure could be seamed on to cover the opening on completion of the filling. Alternatively, of course, the plate 53,
hereto formed with the closure, could be seamed to the head 50 in the making of the same, or while the container was still empty and a supporting member could be inserted through 'the opening for facilitating the sealing. Another alternative arrangement is illustrated in Fig. 13, where the head 60 is already seamed at 61 to the container body 62. Here a separate plate 63 is seen as welded at 64 to the head 62 to close the opening. Here, again, if the container is already filled, the plate 63 carrying the complete closure could be applied over the opening 65 and, assuming that the contents of the container were such as would allow it, a torch weld could be made around the periphery of the plate 63 to weld that plate to the head 60. If it were desired, however, to secure such a plate to the container head, either before the head was installed on the container or afterwards, while a back-up and contact member could still be inserted through the opening, the plate 63 could be welded to the container wall stock around the opening by projection welding. In all of the foregoing assemblies of container and closure wall the sheet, out of which the opening is formed, would preferably be the same as that of the container wall itself, thus facilitating securing by seaming and welding. What we claim is : 1. A closure for a container opening, comprising: a section of container wall material formed with an opening therethrough and a closure receiving formation bordering said opening said formation including a neck drawn up from said material around said opening and extending upwardly in substantially the form of a cylinder, the upper end of said neck being drawn inwardly in a rounded bead and the material extending downwardly from said bead, in the form of a collar, in spaced relation with respect to said neck, said collar terminating in an inwardly extending shoulder bordering the opening through said neck; a closure plug received by said neck and having means engaged with said shoulder for retaining said plug in place in said neck; a gasket seat formed on said plug having a base in opposed relation with respect to said collar; a head formed on said plug and extending outwardly around said gasket seat, said head being formed with a downwardly extending edge and said edge engaging said collar in spaced relation with respect to said shoulder: and a gasket carried by said plug on the gasket seat thereof, said gasket being confined by said gasket seat, said collar and said shoulder, and filling the space between the same. 3. A closure according to Claim 1 wherein the inner edge of said shoulder and the side wall of said plug are in screw threaded engagement.
3. A closure according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein a capseal is applied over said closure, said capseal having a disk-like top portion overlying said plug and a downwardly extending skirt portion extending downwardly from said top and lying along said neck. 4. A closure according to Claim 3, wherein in said capseal skirt and said neck are forced inwardly in mated engagement circumferentially thereof to secure said capseal in place on said neck. 5. A closure according to Claim 3 or 4, wherein said capseal is provided with an annular gasket extending around the periphery of the interior of said disk-like top and said capseal is compressed against the outer surface of said bead. 6. A closure for a container opening, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 10, Fig. 11 or Fig. 13 of the accompanying drawing.
* GB784952 (A)
Description: GB784952 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Ceramic electron tube
Description of GB784952 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION 784,952 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 23, 1955. No 14805/55. Application made in United States of America on June 24, 1954. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 39 ( 1), Dl(F 4:H:81:83:85), D 9 (C:D:F:H) D( 11:17 A 2 A: 31). International Classification:-H Olj. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Ceramic Electron Tube We, EITEL-MCCULLOUGH, INC, a Corporation organized under the laws of the State of California, United States of America, and having a place of business at San Bruno, San Mateo County, California, United States of America, do hereby declare the
invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to electron tubes employing ceramic in the envelope structure. One object of the invention is to provide an envelope and electrode structure which is easy to fabricate and assemble. An object of certairt subsidiary features of the invention is to provide an envelope side wall construction comprising stacked ceramic cylinders and an improved metal strut structure at the lower end of the envelope. The specific object of further subsidiary features of the invention is to provide an improved tetrode in the power tube category. The invention provides an electron tube comprising an envelope enclosing a plurality of coaxial electrodes, a plurality of coaxial supports for said electrodes including a centre support providing a terminal at the lower end of the envelope, two ceramic cylinders concentric with said terminal, the outer diameter of one of said cylinders being less than the inner diameter of the other of said cylinders, an annular metal wall strut connected adjacent its inner periphery to the center terminal and adjacent its outer periphery to the lower end of the smaller diameter cylinder, and a second annular metal wall strut connected adjacent its inner periphery to a second of the electrode supports and adjacent its outer periphery to the lower end of the larger diameter cylinder, an intermediate portion of the latter strut being connected to the upper end of the smaller diameter cylinder so that the latter cylinder lPrice forms a brace between the struts. One embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: 50 Fig 1 is a side elevational view of a power tetrode embodying the invention; Fig 2 is a vertical sectional view of the same; and Fig 3 is a similar vertical sectional view 55 showing the ceramic and associated portions of the envelope prior to mounting the electrodes. Referring to the drawings the ceramic tetrode of the invention has coaxial elec 60 trodes including a filamentary cathode 2, control grid 3, screen grid 4, and external anode 6, the latter forming the upper portion of the evacuated envelope The envelope is of generally cylindrical shape, having 65 a body portion with a side wall made up of three vertically stacked ceramic cylinders 7, 8 and 9 joined along abutting ends Upper and lower ceramic-to-ceramic joints 11 and 12 are thus provided in the side wall 70 Such ceramic cylinders preferably have different diameters decreasing in size toward the lower end of the envelope so that the cylinders are offset at the joints as shown
in Fig 2 The internal diameter of an upper 75 cylinder in the stack is thus larger than that of an adjacent lower cylinder, so that the upper edge of the lower cylinder provides an interior horizontal ledge adjacent the joint. The ceramic used in the wall cylinders is 80 of a highly refractory kind, preferably alumina In order to bond the ceramic sections one to another or to adjacent metal parts, the ceramic cylinders are first metalized at the ends in a suitable manner Any 85 of the known metalizing techniques may be used, such as the metal powder sintering process or the like For example, the surface of the ceramic may be coated with a finely divided metal such as molybdenum, or a 90 784,952 mixture of molybdenum and iron or manganese, and then fired in hydrogen to a temperature of about 1300 C to sinter the metal powder to the ceramic. Such metalized surface may then be brazed to another metalized ceramic part or to a metal member with a suitable high melting point brazing alloy such as copper-silver, copper-gold, or the like The brazes are readily made by fitting the metalized parts together with rings of brazing wire adjacent the joints, and then elevating the temperature of the whole up to the melting point of the brazing material in a suitable furnace. Another metalizing technique is to coat the ceramic with titanium or zirconium hydride powders and fire in vacuum to about 1200 C. The electrodes within the envelope have coaxial metal supports including inner and outer filament supports 13 and 14, control grid support,6 and screen grid support 17, the grid supports having flared base portions 18 and 19 Center filament support 13 also includes a solid metal stud portion 21 at its lower end, which stud provides one of the filament terminals A fourth ceramic cylinder 22 is arranged at the lower end of the envelope insidel and concentric with the lower cylinder 9 of the side wall stack. A conical metal wall strut 23 is connected at the top to center electrode support 21 and at the bottom to the lower end of inner ceramic cylinder 22, the upper end of the wall strut being brazed at 24 to stud 21 and the bottom having a horizontal flange portion 26 brazed to the metalized end of cylinder 22 In order to center the electrode support within the envelope, the wall strut preferably has a cylindrical portion 27 fitted into cylinder 22 and having a diameter substantially equal to the internal diameter of the ceramic cylinder. A second conical metal wall strut 28 coaxial with and having the same slope as the first strut is connected at the top to outer filament support 14 and at the bottom to the lower end of the outer ceramic cylinder 9. Like the first described wall structure, second wall strut 28 has a
flange portion 29 brazed to the metalized lower end of ceramic cylinder 9 and also has a cylindrical portion 31 for centering the parts within the envelope. Wall strut 28 has an intermediate flattened portion 32 brazed to the metalized upper end of inner ceramic cylinder 22 so that the latter provides a compression member between the wall struts Cylindrical portion 31 of the wall strut which is exposed externally of the envelope also provides the second filament terminal This wall structure at the lower end of the envelope is extremely rigid, provides centering means for the electrode supports, and is self-jigging so that parts are maintained in coaxial alignment during assembly. Filamentary cathode 2 is preferably made up of hairpin wire filaments of thoriated tungsten fastened at the bottom to alternate tabs on the upper ends of the filament supports The upper ends of the hairpins are 70 suspended by hooks on a disk 33 which slides on a center rod 34 A pusher plate 36 separatedfrom disk 33 by insulating buttons 37 is pressed upwardly by a spring 38 through a sleeve 39 encircling the center rod, thus 75 keeping the filaments under tension. Control grid 3, preferably of the wire cage type, is mounted by screws 41 on a circular grid mount 42 of conical formation This mount has horizontal lips 43 engaging the 80 upper surface of the ledge at joint 12 and vertical lips 44 engaging the inner surface of ceramic cylinder 9 The diameter of the mount at lips 44 is substantially equal to the internal diameter of cylinder 9 so as to center 85 the mount in the envelope Likewise, the diameter of the mount at lips 43 is substantially equal to the internal diameter of upper cylinder 8 so as to coaxially align the latter with lower cylinder 9 and with the electrode 90 mount 42. In a similar manner screen grid 4 is mounted by screws 46 on a circular grid mount 47 having lips 48 and 49 for jigging the parts at upper joint 11 Both grid mounts are 95 brazed to the metalized ceramic cylinders at the same time the latter are brazed together. Such structure is extremely easy to assemble, using simple parts, and insures coaxial alignment of all the elements The resulting 100 structure is very strong. Control and screen grid terminals 51 and 52 are provided on the ceramic envelope and are connected to the respective mounts through metallic bonds at joints 12 and 11 105 These grid terminals are preferably formed in a simple manner by metalizing the desired areas on the ceramic cylinders, which metalized areas may be electroplated with nickel or copper if a smoother terminal sur 110 face is desired. Fig 3 shows the ceramic body portion of the envelope prior to mounting the electrodes All of the parts in this view are assembled and brazed
together in one oper 115 ation in a brazing furnace This is possible -because all the parts are self-aligning and self-supporting and can be assembled together with the necessary brazing rings for delivery to the brazing furnace 120 Anode 6, which forms the upper portions of the envelope, is cup-shaped, preferably of copper, and carries a metal exhaust tubulation 53 as well as cooling fins 54 which are preferably brazed directly to the anode so 125 that the cooler construction forms a structurally integral part of the anode A retaining cylinder 56 preferably houses the fins. The anode support comprises a downwardly extending metal flange 57 brazed to 130 784,952 a base anode ring 58 and encircling the upper ceramic cylinder 7 A metal sealing ring 59 is fitted into anode flange 57 and has an inturned flange portion overlapping the metalized upper end of cylinder 7 and brazed thereto As a final assembly step the registering edges of the metal flanges are welded together at 61 When so assembled the anode base ring 58 preferably abuts the envelope structure as shown in Fig 2 to take the thrust when the envelope is evacuated and thus remove the stress from the sealing flanges. The term " wall strut " as used throughout the specification denotes a part which not only forms a portion of the envelope but also performs the function of rigidifying various parts of the envelope or of the structure within it. The term electrode is used in the claims in its broad sense and includes any tube element which in operation is connected to a voltage source or has a potential differing from that of another 'element. From the foregoing the following main advantages of the illustrated tube will appear. 1 The particular arrangement of the ceramic rings makes possible a relatively short structure which is rigidly supported within the envelope This is achieved by locating the terminal 21 and ceramic ring 22 within the ceramic ring 9 rather than having them extend beneath this ring. 2 The particular configuration of the wall struts performs the necessary jig operation in assembly of the tube, since the shoulders on the wall struts define recesses to receive the ceramic rings and thus assure accurate coaxial alignment of the electrode assembly.
* Sitemap * Accessibility * Legal notice * Terms of use * Last updated: 08.04.2015 * Worldwide Database * 5.8.23.4; 93p
Related Documents
![[4541/2] Chemistry -](https://static.cupdf.com/doc/110x72/62062ddb8c2f7b1730052987/45412-chemistry-.jpg)
![Analysis [4541/1] [4541/2] Chemistry [4541/3] … · 2013. 8. 4. · SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2012 109 JAWAPAN boleh didapati di laman web Chemistry Paper 1 [4541/1] 1. Diagram 1 shows](https://static.cupdf.com/doc/110x72/60d940a3e144dd2e6f01023c/analysis-45411-45412-chemistry-45413-2013-8-4-soalan-ulangkaji-spm.jpg)
