44=Revised Classification of New Zealand

New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23 : 431-489OO28-825X/85/23O3-O431$2.5O/O © Crown copyright 1985

431

A revised classification of New Zealand pteridophyteswith a synonymic checklist of species

P. J. BROWNSEYNational Museum, Private BagWellington, New ZealandD. R. GIVENBotany Division, DSIRPrivate Bag, Christchurch, New ZealandJ. D. LOVISBotany Department, University of CanterburyChristchurch, New Zealand

Abstract A revised classification and checklistof New Zealand pteridophytes is presented, basedon recently published phyletic schemes for thePteridophyta, and on revisions of individualfamilies and genera. The list comprises 211 speciesof which 22 are adventive and 189 native; the latterinclude 8 unnamed species (either undescribed orunidentified) and a further 6 which are subdividedinto separate subspecies. Of the native taxa, 89 spe-cies (47%) and 3 subspecies (50%) are believed tobe endemic to the New Zealand botanical region.Individual taxa are discussed with particular refer-ence to recent revisions and areas requiring furtherstudy. Synonymic and alphabetical lists are pro-vided of all validly published pteridophyte namesbased on New Zealand types or used by authorswith reference to the New Zealand flora. The moreimportant species erroneously or dubiouslyrecorded for New Zealand are also listed.

Keywords checklist; classification; erroneousrecords; ferns; New Zealand flora; nomenclature;plant taxonomy; pteridophytes; synonymic list

INTRODUCTION

The currently accepted standard reference work onthe New Zealand pteridophytes is still the treat-ment by Allan (1961) in Volume I of the "Flora ofNew Zealand". This has since been supplementedby two well-illustrated and widely-read publica-tions (Crookes 1963, Heath & Chinnock 1974), but

Received 5 October 1984; accepted 29 January 1985

regrettably neither of them is comprehensive in itscoverage, the former dealing only with the Filicop-sida and the latter omitting many of the rarer andSouth Island species.

Allan's work on the pteridophytes, though notpublished until 1961, was actually completed manyyears previously and was based on the classifica-tion proposed by Holttum (1949). Holttum himself(1973a) has now revised many of his earlier ideaswhilst in recent years several other workers (Nayar1970, Crabbe et al. 1975, Lovis 1977, Pichi Ser-molli 1977) have also produced phyletic schemesof their own which depart radically from tradi-tional ideas of fern evolution. In the light of thesechanging concepts of fern classification it is clearlydesirable that some attempt be made to provide amore modern arrangement for the New Zealandpteridophyte flora.

Our concepts of families and genera are alsochanging and in the twenty or more years sinceAllan's work there have been major revisions ofsuch families as Hymenophyllaceae (Morton 1968),Cyatheaceae (Tryon 1970), and Thelypteridaceae(Holttum 1971) as well as generic revisions of Las-treopsis (Tindale 1965), Doodia (Partis 1972), Tme-sipteris (Chinnock 1975), Grammitis (Parris &Given 1976), Lindsaea (Kramer & Tindale 1976),Asplenium (Brownsey 1977a, b), Deparia (Kato1984), and Hypolepis (Brownsey & Chinnock 1984).These, together with other smaller revisions, addi-tions of new species, and sundry nomenclaturalchanges, have resulted in a situation where a highproportion of the names used by Allan (1961) areout of date.

In recent years, too, New Zealand botanists havebecome increasingly aware of the importance ofadventive species. Though the number of intro-duced pteridophytes is small, there are some whichare of significant distribution or economic impor-tance. None are included in Allan's Flora, whereonly the native species are dealt with, but they haverecently been listed by Brownsey (1980).

No comprehensive study of the New Zealandpteridophyte flora similar to those produced byBrownlie (1969, 1977) for New Caledonia and Fijihas yet been attempted, and over two decades haveelapsed since the publication of Volume 1 of Allan'sFlora. The purpose of the present publication istherefore to provide an interim review of theincreased knowledge of New Zealand pteridophyte

432 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1985, Vol. 23

taxonomy and to suggest areas where further workis desirable. Specifically this includes:i) A revised classification and checklist of NewZealand pteridophytes based on other recentlypublished phyletic schemes for the Pteridophyta.ii) Comment on individual taxa with particularreference to recent revisions and areas requiringfurther study.iii) A synonymic list of all the published pterido-phyte names either based on New Zealand materialor used by authors with reference to the NewZealand flora.iv) A list of the more important species erro-neously or dubiously recorded for New Zealand.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE NEW ZEALANDPTERIDOPHYTA

In the last 15 years, at least five phylogenetic class-ifications of the Pteridophyta or Filicopsida havebeen proposed (Nayar 1970, Crabbe et al. 1975,Lovis 1977, Pichi Sermolli 1977, Tryon & Tryon1982). Despite many differences in the detailedarrangements of families and genera in theseschemes and in the levels of the hierarchical groupsadopted, there are some encouraging signs of broadagreement. Within the more advanced ferns, forexample, the classification of which has alwaysproved the most contentious, three major lines ofevolution have been recognised in all but the lastof the proposed schemes:

i) Schizaeoid ferns leading to the adiantoid ferns,ii) Gleichenioid ferns leading to the dipteroid,polypodioid, and grammitioid groups,iii) Cyatheoid, thelypteroid, and dennstaedtioidferns leading to the asplenioid, dryopteroid, dav-allioid, and blechnoid groups.

However, Jarrett (1980) has recently criticised theassociation of the Polypodiaceae and Grammiti-daceae with the gleichenioid ferns, and believes thatthey are allied to advanced indusiate families (seep. 439). Her ideas on the relationships of the poly-podioid ferns are reflected in the essentially con-servative scheme of Tryon & Tryon.

Placement of the filmy ferns and their satellitegroups remains the major area of disagreementbetween the other four schemes, Nayar and PichiSermolli including them in the cyatheoid line, whilstCrabbe et al. and Lovis retain them as a quiteseparate group. Of lesser concern are the Marsi-leales which are placed as an off-shoot of the schi-zaeoid line by Lovis and Pichi Sermolli but leftundecided by Crabbe et al. and ignored by Nayar.

Only Crabbe et al. and Pichi Sermolli havetreated the fern allies in detail but there appears to

be no major disagreement between them — neitherauthor choosing to include the Psilotales within theFilicopsida as suggested by Bierhorst (1971, 1977).Pichi Sermolli has, however, rearranged the fernallies, moving the Psilotopsid line closer to the trueferns.

The classification outlined here owes somethingto all the recently proposed schemes but is iden-tical to none of them. It is probably closest in over-all concept to that of Pichi Sermolli, but differs inthe transposition of the schizaeoid and gleichenioidlines, and most significantly in the hierarchicallevels adopted for different taxa. Pichi Sermolli ismore divisive in his taxonomic approach than us,with the result that his subclasses correspond toour orders, and his orders approximate to ourfamilies. In the circumscription of families (thoughnot in systematic arrangement) our scheme is iden-tical with that of Tryon & Tryon (1982) except forthe Grammitidaceae which they include withPolypodiaceae.

No consideration has been given to subclasses orsubfamilies in this classification, the purpose beingsimply to provide a more modern arrangement ofthe New Zealand taxa rather than a complete phy-logenetic break-down. The latter can only beachieved by consideration of all the known ferntaxa and is outside the scope of the present paper.Genera and species are arranged alphabeticallywithin families.

The list of species accepted here and the choiceof names for them are in some instances purely amatter of personal opinion based on availableknowledge at this time. Some compromise has beennecessary, even between the three authors of thispaper — the question of Cyathea versus Alsophilaand Sphaeropteris being perhaps the best example.It is hoped, however, that the list will provide areference point for future work on the New Zealandflora, and that the accompanying notes will indi-cate where the Rules of Nomenclature dictate theadoption of a particular name, or alternativelywhere a valid choice exists.

CHECKLIST OF NEW ZEALANDPTERIDOPHYTA

A = species adventive in New ZealandC = species confined to the Chatham IslandsE = species endemic to the New Zealand botanical

regionK = species confined to the Kermadec Islands

within the New Zealand regionPK = species confined to the Poor Knights Islands

Brownsey et al.—Classification of New Zealand pteridophytes 433

PSILOTOPSIDAPSILOTALESPsilotaceaePsilotum nudum (L.) P. Beauv.Tmesipteris elongata P. A. Dangeard

lanceolata P. A. Dangeardsigmatifolia Chinnocktannensis (Sprengel) Bernh.

LYCOPSIDALYCOPODIALESLycopodiaceaeLycopodium australianum Herter

cernuum L.deuterodensum Herterfastigiatum R. Br.laterale R. Br.ramulosum Kirkscariosum Forst. f.serpentinum Kunzevarium R. Br.volubile Forst. f.

Phylloglossum drummondii Kunze

(E)

(E)

SELAGINELLALESSelaginellaceaeSelaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun

moellendorffii Hieron.sp. (Whangarei Falls)

ISOETALESIsoetaceaehoetes alpinus Kirk

kirkii A. Braun

EQUISETOPSIDAEQUISETALESEquisetaceaeEquisetum arvense L.

(A)(A)(A)

(E)(E)

(A)

FILICOPSIDA

OPHIOGLOSSALESOphioglossaceaeBotrychium australe R. Br.

biforme Col. (E)lunaria (L.) Swartz

Ophioglossum coriaceum A. Cunn.petiolatum Hook.

MARATTIALESMarattiaceaeMarattia salicina J. E. Smith

OSMUNDALESOsmundaceaeLeptopteris hymenophylloides (A. Rich.) C. Presl

(E)superba (Col.) C. Presl (E)

Osmunda regalis L. (A)

Todea barbara (L.) T. MooreSCHIZAEALESSchizaeaceaeLygodium articulatum A. Rich. (E)Schizaea australis Gaudich.

bifida Willd.dichotoma (L.) J. E. Smithfistulosa Labill.

PteridaceaeAdiantum aethiopicum L.

capillus-veneris L. (A)cunninghamii Hook. (E)diaphanum Blumeformosum R. Br.fulvum Raoul (E)hispidulum Swartzraddianum C. Presl (A)viridescens Col. (E)

Anogramma leptophylla (L.) LinkCheilanthes distans (R. Br.) Mett.

sieberi KunzePellaea falcata (R. Br.) Fee

rotundifolia (Forst. f.) Hook. (E)sp. (dry rocky areas)

Pteris comans Forst. f.cretica L. (A)macilenta A. Rich. (E)saxatilis Carse (E)tremula R. Br.

GLEICHENIALESGleicheniaceaeDicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) L. Underw.Gleichenia dicarpa R. Br.

microphylla R. Br.Sticherus cunninghamii (Hook.) Ching (E)

flabellatus (R. Br.) H. St. JohnGrammitidaceaeAnarthwpteris lanceolata (Hook, f.) Pichi Serm.

(E)Ctenopteris hetewphylla (Labill.) TindaleGrammitis billardieri Willd.

ciliata Col. (E)givenii Parris (E)magellanica Desv. subsp. magellanicamagellanica Desv. subsp. nothofageti

Parrispatagonica (C. Chr.) Parrispoeppigiana (Mett.) Pichi Serm.pseudociliata Parris (E)rawlingsii Parris (E)rigida Hombron (E)

PolypodiaceaePhymatosorus diversifolius (Willd.) Pichi Serm.

novae-zelandiae (Baker) Pichi Serm.(E)

scandens (Forst. f.) Pichi Serm.

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Polypodium vulgare L.Pyrrosia serpens (Forst. f.) Ching

(A)(E)

HYMENOPHYLLALESHymenophyllaceaeHymenophyllum armstrongii (Baker) Kirk (E)

atrovirens Col. (E)bivalve (Forst. f.) Swartzcupressiforme Labill.demissum (Forst. f.) Swartz (E)dilatatum (Forst. f.) Swartz (E?)ferrugineum Collaflabellatum Labill.flexuosum A. Cunn. (E)lyallii Hook. f.malingii Hook.) Mett. (E)minimum A. Rich. (E)multifidum (Forst. f.) Swartz (E)peltatum (Poiret) Desv.pulcherrimum Col. (E)rarum R. Br.revolutum Col. (E)rufescens Kirk (E)sanguinolentum (Forst. f.) Swartz

(E)scabrum A. Rich. (E)villosum Col. (E)

Trichomanes colensoi Hook. f. (E)elongatum A. Cunn.endlicherianum C. Preslreniforme Forst. f. (E)strictum Hook, et Grev. (E)venosum R. Br.

DicksoniaceaeDicksonia fibrosa Col. (E)

lanata Col. (E)squarrosa (Forst. f.) Swartz (E)

CyatheaceaeCyathea colensoi (Hook, f.) Domin (E)

cunninghamii Hook. f.dealbata (Forst. f.) Swartz (E)kermadecensis W. R. B. Oliver (E, K)medullaris (Forst. f.) Swartzmilnei Hook. f. (E, K)smithii Hook. f. (E)

ThelypteridaceaeChristella dentata (Forsskal) Brownsey et Jermy

sp. (Kermadecs, thermal areas)Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H. ItoMacrothelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) Ching (K)Pneumatopteris pennigera (Forst. f.) HolttumThelypteris confluens (Thunb.) C. MortonLoxsomataceaeLoxsoma cunninghamii A. Cunn. (E)DennstaedtiaceaeHistiopteris incisa (Thunb.) J. Smith

Hypolepis ambigua (A. Rich.) Brownsey etChinnock (E)

dicksonioides (Endl.) Hook.distans Hook.lactea Brownsey et Chinnock (E)millefolium Hook. (E)rufobarbata (Col.) Wakef. (E)subantarctica Brownsey et Chinnock

(E)Leptolepia novae-zelandiae (Col.) Diels (E)Lindsaea linearis Swartz

trichomanoides Dryanderviridis Col. (E)

Paesia scaberula (A. Rich.) Kuhn (E)Pteridium esculentum (Forst. f.) CockayneAspleniaceaeAsplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. subsp. bulbiferum

bulbiferum Forst. f. subsp. gracillimum(Col.) Brownsey (E?)

chathamense Brownsey (E, C)flabellifolium Cav.flaccidum Forst. f. subsp. flaccidumflaccidum Forst. f. subsp. haurakiense

Brownsey (E)hookerianum Col.lamprophyllum Carse (E)lyallii (Hook, f.) T. Moore (E)oblongifolium Col. (E)obtusatum Forst. f. subsp. obtusatumobtusatum Forst. f. subsp. northlandi-

cum Brownseypauperequitum Brownsey et P. Jack-

son (E, PK)polyodon Forst. f.richardii (Hook, f.) Hook. f. (E)scleroprium Hombron (E)shuttleworthianum Kunze (K)terrestre Brownsey subsp. terrestreterrestre Brownsey subsp. maritimum

Brownsey (E)trichomanes L. subsp. quadrivalens

Meyer emend. Lovistrichomanes L. subsp. (hexaploid)

Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman (A)Pleurosorus rutifolius (R. Br.) Fee

DryopteridaceaeArachniodes aristata (Forst. f.) Tindale (K)Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth (A)Cyrtomium falcatum (L. f.) C. Presl (A)Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. (A)

tasmanica Hook.Deparia petersenii (Kunze) Kato subsp. congrua

(Brackenr.) Katotenuifolia (Kirk) Kato (E)

Diplazium australe (R. Br.) Wakef.Dryopteris affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenkins (A)

dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray (A)


filix-mas (L.) Schott (A)Lastreopsis glabella (A. Cunn.) Tindale (E)

hispida (Swartz) Tindalemicrosora (Endl.) Tindale subsp. pen-

tangularis (Col.) Tindale (E)velutina (A. Rich.) Tindale (E)sp. (Kermadecs) (E, K)

Polystichum cystostegia (Hook.) J. B. Armstr. (E)lentum (D. Don) T. Moore (A)proliferum R. Br. (A)richardii (Hook.) J. Smith (E)setiferum (Forsskal) Woynar (A)silvaticum (Col.) Diels (E)vestitum (Forst. f.) C. Presl (E)sp. (Chathams, Snares?) (E?)

Rumohra adiantiformis (Forst. f.) ChingDavalliaceaeArthropteris tenella (Forst. f.) Hook. f.Davallia tasmanii Field (E)Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl (A)

hirsutula (Forst. f.) C. Presl (K)sp. (Kermadecs, thermal areas)

BlechnaceaeBlechnum banksii (Hook, f.) Diels (E)

chambersii Tindalecolensoi (Hook, f.) Wakef. (E)discolor (Forst. f.) Keys. (E)durum (T. Moore) C. Chr. (E)filiforme (A. Cunn.) Ettingsh. (E)jluviatile (R. Br.) Salomonfraseri (A. Cunn.) Luerssenmembranaceum (Hook.) Mett. (E)minus (R. Br.) Ettingsh.nigrum (Col.) Mett. (E)norfolkianum (Heward) C. Chr.penna-marina (Poiret) Kuhnprocerum (Forst. f.) Swartz (E)vulcanicum (Blume) Kuhnsp. (Green Bay form) (E)sp. (blackspot form; B. capense sensu

Allan, 1961) (E)sp. (mountain form) (E)

Doodia aspera R. Br.media R. Br. subsp. australis Parrismilnei Carruth. (E, K)mollis Parris (E)squarrosa Col.

Table 1 Numbers of native and adventive fern speciesin New Zealand.

MARSILEALESMarsileaceaePilularia novae-zelandiae Kirk

SALVINIALESSalviniaceaeAzolla flliculoides Lam.

pinnata R. Br.Salvinia molesta D. Mitch.

(E)

(A)(A)

Species

Total Endemic

Subspecies

Total Endemic

Native 189* 89 (47%)Adventive 22fTotal 211

6t 3 (50%)

"includes 8 unnamed; fincludes 1 unnamed.

COMMENT ON INDIVIDUAL TAXA

The numbers of native and adventive species inNew Zealand are given in Table 1.

PsilotaceaeAs discussed in detail elsewhere (Brownsey & Lovis,in prep.), we believe that the balance of morphol-ogical, cytological, and chemotaxonomic evidencedoes not support Bierhorst's (1971, 1977), proposalto include the Psilotaceae within the Filicopsida.Nor does the cytological evidence lend support toPichi Sermolli's (1977) recognition of two families— Psilotaceae and Tmesipteridaceae. Our treat-ment of the Psilotaceae with two genera, Psilotumand Tmesipteris, is therefore essentiallyconservative.

Chinnock (1975, 1976) recognised four species ofTmesipteris in New Zealand which are acceptedhere. However, his two subspecies of T. elongataare less easily justified.

Lycopodiaceae

A conservative treatment of the Lycopodiaceae hasbeen adopted here. The family is in urgent need ofa comprehensive revision, both on a world-widebasis and within New Zealand. The distinctionbetween Lycopodium and Phylloglossum is univer-sally accepted but many authors subdivide Lyco-podium further, Crabbe et al. (1975) accepting fourgenera, Pichi Sermolli (1977) six, and others stillmore. Until the classification of the Lycopodiaceaeis more satisfactorily resolved we prefer to retainthe umbrella genus Lycopodium with a number ofsubgeneric segregates (as proposed, for example, byWilce 1972), especially as the adoption of somesmaller genera would require new combinationswhich in the present state of uncertainty is clearlyundesirable. Recent phytochemical work by Mark-ham et al. (1983) supports the division of the genusinto at least three groups and emphasises the dis-tinctive nature of L. cernuum and L. scariosum,suggesting that chemotaxonomy may prove a valu-able tool in subdividing the family.


Within the New Zealand flora, L. billardieri, L.novae-zelandicum and L. varium, previously con-sidered distinct, are here reduced to forms of onepolymorphic species under the latter name. Fur-ther work is required on this aggregate, includingthe possibility that Forster's L. myrtifolium (whosetype has not been located) is an earlier name forthe species. The relationships between L. fastigia-tum and L. magellanicum, particularly in suban-tarctic regions, and between L. laterale, L. diffusumand L. ramulosum in Australia and New Zealandare also in need of study.

SelaginellaceaeThree adventive species of Selaginella are presentin New Zealand. One of them, S. moellendorffii, isoften cultivated in glasshouses and is occasionallyfound naturalised in the Auckland area. Another,S. kraussiana, is now widely distributed and is apotentially troublesome weed. The third species, asyet unidentified, has recently been collected fromWhangarei Falls.

IsoetaceaeThe two traditionally accepted species of Isoetes,I. alpinus, and /. kirkii, are retained here but recentwork by Marsden & Chinnock (in prep.) suggeststhat they may be better regarded as varieties of /.kirkii.

EquisetaceaeOne aggressive adventive species, Equisetumarvense, has been recorded in several parts of thecountry since 1920 and appears to be spreading(Brownsey et al. 1985).

OphioglossaceaeThe results of an investigation of Botrychium inNew Zealand have recently been reported by Brag-gins (1980). On the basis of such characters as fronddissection, presence or absence of contractile roots,colour forms of the frond, and ecological require-ments, Braggins concluded that the two tradition-ally recognised varieties of B. australe are betterregarded as distinct species, and these are acceptedhere. The third species, B. lunaria, which had pre-viously been collected only once in New Zealandfrom Mt Torlesse by J. D. Enys in 1882, has recentlybeen found again (Druce 1984), almost 100 yearslater in two sites in N.W. Nelson — Billies Knobin the Owen Range (CHR 389685), and on thesummit of Mt Hoary Head (CHR 366084). Whetherit occurs in other alpine localities of the SouthIsland remains to be determined.

Ophioglossum is a taxonomically difficult genus

in which satisfactory characters are largely absentand species limits more than usually open to dif-ferent interpretation by different workers (exem-plified by the contrasting approaches of Clausen1938b and Wieffering 1964). New Zealand materialhas not been adequately studied and needs carefulcomparison with overseas types.

Clausen (1938a,b) carried out a worldwidemonograph of the genus and cleared up somenomenclatural confusion which had previouslyclouded the taxonomic problem. He showed thatO. pedunculosum as originally described by Des-vaux (1811) was a species with a distribution rang-ing through Africa, India, and Indonesia. Later,Pichi Sermolli (1954) pointed out that it was syn-onymous with O. costatum described by RobertBrown (1810) from Australia, but, although PichiSermolli included "...? New Zealand" in its distri-bution, O. costatum is not known to occur here.Unfortunately the situation has become confusedbecause Prantl (1884) later used the name O.pedunculosum in a quite different sense to Desvauxfor the plant now known as O. petiolatum Hook,which has a much wider distribution in Central andSouth America, Africa, India, Japan, China, S.E.Asia, New Guinea, New Zealand, and the PacificIslands. Unfortunately Prantl's misinterpretationof O. pedunculosum has been followed by manysubsequent authors, including Dobbie (1951), Allan(1961), and Crookes (1963) who were evidentlyunaware of Clausen's work. Subsequently Wieffer-ing (1964) has reduced O. petiolatum to synonymyin O. reticulatum L., two species which Clausen(1938b) had kept separate, whilst conceding thatthey tended to intergrade. On the other hand, Wief-fering's O. reticulatum is, by his own admission,"highly polymorphous" with chromosome num-bers ranging from n=120 to c.630. Hence, until suchtime as a more satisfactory basis for defining spe-cies of Ophioglossum is found, we prefer to followthe precedents established by Brownlie (1969, 1977)in his Floras of New Caledonia and Fiji, and usethe name O. petiolatum for a plant which is nowvery rare in New Zealand (Brownsey 1985).

The smaller and more common New Zealandspecies was first described as O. coriaceum by Cun-ningham (1837). However, Clausen (1938b) reducedSouth American, Australian, and New Zealandmaterial to subsp. coriaceum of the European O.lusitanicum. This treatment was accepted in Aus-tralia by Smith (1966) and Tindale (1972) but morerecently Chinnock (1978) has included all Austral-ian and New Zealand material within O. lusitani-cum. Cytological investigation of several NewZealand populations, including some dwarfedcoastal forms, has shown that n=120 (Brownseyunpub.) suggesting that there is indeed some cor-respondence between New Zealand plants and

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European material of O. lusitanicum for whichManton (1950) reported n=c.l25-13O. However,Ninan (1956, 1958) reported n=240 in Indian plantsof this species and Verma (1957) n=510 for Aust-ralian material indicating that, on a world-widebasis, this is probably a complex polyploid seriesrequiring a great deal more investigation. Countsof n=360 obtained for a population attributed toO. coriaceum from the Port Hills, Christchurch(Brownlie 1958, Lovis unpub.) indicate that herealso the species is cytologically intricate. Severalother names have been applied to New Zealandmaterial and the nature of these now requires fur-ther investigation. Meanwhile, O. coriaceum isconservatively retained until the taxonomy ofOphioglossum in New Zealand is properly resolved.

The possibility of a third species of Ophioglos-sum in New Zealand was raised by Harris (1955)who noted that Chatham Islands specimens yieldedspores exactly similar to O. vulgatum L. fromEurope. However, these specimens are now knownto have come from a sheet of mixed collectionsincluding both Chatham Island and Europeanmaterial.

MarattiaceaeOne species, M. salicina, is present in New Zealand.It is cytologically distinct from the tropical M.fraxinea with which it was earlier confused (seeLove et al. 1977).

OsmundaceaeThree genera of Osmundaceae occur in NewZealand — Osmunda, Todea and Leptopteris. Thefirst is represented only by the adventive Osmundaregalis, now well established in the North Islandespecially around the Waikato River. The nativeTodea and Leptopteris were all included in Todeaby Allan (1961) but are now almost universallyaccepted as separate genera — the former with thickleathery fronds, and sporangia confined to the lowerpinnae; the latter with thin translucent fronds, andsporangia scattered over all the pinnae. The twospecies of Leptopteris hybridise readily when theymeet in the wild, and such hybrids are now referredto L. X intermedia (Brownsey 1981). A biosyste-matic investigation of one such hybrid population(Brownsey 1981) indicated that although Fl hybridswere vigorous, had a normal meiosis, and pro-duced well-formed spores, they did not appear togive rise to an F2 generation.

SchizaeaceaeThe Schizaeaceae is retained here in its traditionalsense, although there is beguiling cytological andmorphological evidence for the recognition of a

separate Lygodiaceae (Bierhorst 1971, Pichi-Ser-molli 1977).

Three species of Schizaea (S. bifida, S. dicho-toma, and S. fistulosa) have usually been recog-nised in New Zealand together with a fourth taxon,S. fistulosa var. australis, variously regarded as agood alpine variety or merely a dwarfed form ofS. fistulosa. Brownlie (1965), with chromosomecounts of n=c.27O for S. fistulosa and n=94 for var.australis, provided cytological evidence which sup-ported the concept of two distinct taxa. Later, Lash(1966) carried out a morphological and cytologicalinvestigation of S. fistulosa for a M.Sc. thesis andsuggested (p. 49) that Brownlie's count of n=c.27Owas inadvertently made from a tapetal cell. His owninvestigations produced counts of n=94 andn=c. 150. However, whilst the larger counts weregenerally from larger plants he concluded that thecytological discontinuity could not be related to anyclear morphological discontinuity, and therefore didnot support the recognition of two separate taxa.More recently, Brownsey (unpub.) obtained a countof n=c. 190 from plants of S. fistulosa growing atWaikumete in Auckland — approximately twicethe number recorded by both Lash and Brownliefor var. australis. A more careful examination ofLash's illustration of the cell with c. 150 chromo-somes (fig. 17) suggests the presence of at least someunivalents. Failure of pairing could have resultedfrom hybridisation. The possibility therefore existsthat two distinct species are present in NewZealand, one with twice as many chromosomes asthe other, that they hybridise when they occurtogether, and that there is some failure of pairingof chromosomes in the hybrids resulting in a countof c. 150. Whether this is true in detail requires fur-ther investigation but we believe there is sufficientevidence to justify recognition of a fourth speciesin New Zealand. We refer it to S. australis for thetime being, though whether New Zealand materialis the same as the type from the Falkland Islandsalso needs verification.

PteridaceaeThe Pteridaceae is interpreted here in the broadsense of Tryon & Tryon (1982) to include all thecheilanthoid, gymnogrammoid, adiantoid, andpteridoid ferns, the origins of which, according tomost modern phyletic classifications, are to befound in the schizaeoid ferns with which they sharesome correspondence in chromosome number.

The genus Adiantum is represented in NewZealand by nine species, three more than recordedby Allan (1961). Two, A. capillus-veneris and thewidely cultivated A. raddianum*, have been intro-duced, the remainder being truly native. Tindale(1960c) showed that Australian and New Zealand


material previously referred to A. affine Willd.should be called A. cunninghamii Hook., the typespecimen of A. affine being clearly identifiable asA. capillus-veneris. Later, Tindale (1963b) distin-guished a new species, A. silvaticum, from Aust-ralian material of this complex with a distributionin southern Queensland and north and central NewSouth Wales, A. cunninghamii being confined toQueensland. More recently, in New Zealand, Parris& Croxall (1974) have proposed that Colenso's A.viridescens be readmitted as a species quite distinctfrom both A. cunninghamii and A. fulvum, but onewhich is very closely related to the Australian A.silvaticum. The question remains as to whether theQueensland plants of A. cunninghamii, with theirdistinctive morphology and tropical habitat, shouldcontinue to be referred to A. cunninghamii whichwas first described from New Zealand. Both A. vir-idescens and A. cunninghamii are listed here as NewZealand endemics subject to further investigation.

Another problem is manifest in the A. hispidu-lum complex. Parris (1980b) has suggested that bothA. hispidulum and A. pubescens are present in NewZealand, a possibility first hinted at by Sykes (1977)who referred Kermadec Island material to A.pubescens rather than the traditionally accepted A.hispidulum. Whether the differences in hair char-acters on the underside of the lamina identified byParris are sufficient to warrant the recognition ofseparate species is a matter of opinion. In theabsence of any obvious ecological differentiation,and the lack of observations on this complex fromthe remainder of its wide distribution, we prefer torecognise only one species, A. hispidulum, albeitwith two forms.

The genus Cheilanthes has been revised veryrecently in Australia by the late Helen Quirk (Quirket al. 1983). Her studies have shown that, as inEurope and America, the genus in Australia is cyto-logically complex and one in which apogamy playsa significant role. Although she did not specificallyinclude New Zealand in her investigation, she con-cluded that two species, C. distans and C. sieberi

subsp. sieberi (but not subsp. pseudovellea Quirk &Chambers), extend to New Zealand. A third spe-cies, C. tenuifolia, previously recorded in NewZealand, is now thought to be confined to Indo-Malaysia and tropical Australia. However, Quirket al. considered that a fourth species, C. austro-tenuifolia, with a distribution throughout southernAustralia probably occurs also in New Zealand.Quirk examined three type specimens of NewZealand origin but was unable to assign any of these,or any other material, with certainty to C. austro-tenuifolia. Indeed, she concluded (p. 521) that "...more work is needed on the New Zealand Chei-lanthes to determine their relationships, if any, tothe Australian species". This is especially pertinentin view of the fact that Australian C. austrotenui-folia is a sexually reproducing diploid, C. sieberi atriploid, and C. distans a probable tetraploid, thelatter two species reproducing apogamously. C. sie-beri is also an apogamous triploid here (Brownlie1957).

Two species of Pellaea, P. rotundifolia and P.fal-cata, have traditionally been recognised in NewZealand and are listed here. A third, as yet undes-cribed species, occurs around Wellington and in thedrier parts of Marlborough, Canterbury, and Otago.All three species have close relatives in Australia,and an investigation of the whole complex is inprogress (Brownsey, Given & Lovis, in prep.). Pre-viously published chromosome counts suggest thatfurther cytological investigation will be rewarding.Tindale (1972) gives "n=29 + 2, diploid hybridderivative (Manton)" for P. falcata var. nana inAustralia, whilst Brownlie (1954, 1957, 1961)reports n=58 for New Zealand P. falcata, and P.rotundifolia.

The genus Pteris in New Zealand and parts ofthe Pacific has been the subject of a Ph.D. thesisby Braggins (1975), and his investigations haveshown that significant nomenclatural changes willbe necessary. Until such time as his work is for-mally published, however, one adventive and fournative species are accepted here, including P. sax-atilis which has been shown to be cytologically dis-tinct from P. macilenta (Walker 1962).

* A more familiar name, particularly for cultivatedmaterial of this species, is A. cuneatum Langsd. et F.Fischer, but this is illegitimate because of the earlierhomonym A. cuneatum Forst. f., and most recent authorshave used the name A. raddianum C. Presl. However,Nair & Ghosh (1974) state that "A. raddianum Presl isdifferent from A. cuneatum Langsd. et Fisch. in mor-phology of leaf and propose instead the name A cunei-pinnulum for the latter taxon. They give no further detailsof the difference between the two, and cite no type orauthentic material examined. Until the types can beinvestigated we prefer to retain the name A. raddianum.

GleicheniaceaeWalker (1966) and Lovis (1977) have pointed outthe strong cytological evidence which supports themorphological recognition of five distinct taxawithin Gleichenia sens. lat. To some extent this isalso backed up by recent phytochemical work(Wallace et al. 1983). Holttum (1959) referred thesefive taxa to subgenera whilst Ching (1940) and,more recently, Crabbe et al. (1975) treat them asseparate genera. The names used by differentauthors vary but their concept of the entities


involved is essentially similar. They are regardedhere as distinct genera of which three occur in NewZealand; Gleichenia sens. str. (n = 20, 22) with ulti-mate pinnules about 1 mm long bearing a singlesorus and having undivided veinlets; Sticherus(n=34) with much longer ultimate pinnules bear-ing several sori each of 4-5 sporangia, and havingonce-branched veinlets; and Dicranopteris (n=39)with longer ultimate pinnules bearing several soriof 6-10 sporangia and having veinlets at least twicebranched (see Holttum 1959, figs 1, 7, 8, 12, 15).

Identification of the New Zealand species ofSticherus and Dicranopteris is straight-forward butwithin Gleichenia sens. str. there are some awk-ward problems. Two fairly well defined species arepresent, together with an alpine form of less certainstatus. The relationship of these taxa to those inAustralia and S.E. Asia, and the correct nomencla-ture for them, is a very vexed question.

Central to the issue is the name G. circinnatapublished by Swartz in 1801 without precise local-ity, and only later (Swartz 1806) stated to be fromBotany Bay. Several more Australian species weresubsequently described by Robert Brown (1810)including G. microphylla and G. dicarpa. Brownindicated that G. microphylla and G. circinnatamight be synonymous but found Swartz's descrip-tion unsatisfactory for a firm decision. A nomen-clatural problem has arisen because of subsequentdifferent interpretations of the identity of G. cir-cinnata. Christensen (1906) considered it to be anearlier name for G. microphylla, and following hiswork Cheeseman (1906) used the names G. circin-nata and G. dicarpa for New Zealand material.Later, Christensen (1910) changed his mind andstated that G. circinnata was identical with G.dicarpa, with the result that Allan (1961) adoptedthe names G. circinnata and G. microphylla for theNew Zealand species. However, Holttum (1959)provided cogent reasons for rejecting Christensen'slater interpretation, and indicated that G. circin-nata and G. dicarpa were definitely not the same.He was unable to determine the real identity of G.circinnata (partly because of a problem of typifi-cation) and, in the circumstances, it is probably bestto abandon the name as a nomen ambiguum. Holt-tum accepted the name G. microphylla and includedNew Zealand within its range of distribution. Healso restored the name G. dicarpa, but perhaps sig-nificantly gave only Malaysia, Australia, and NewCaledonia for its distribution. Other authors (e.g.,Brownlie 1969, Willis 1970, Tindale 1972) have,however, continued to include New Zealand withinits range. The situation obviously requires clarifi-cation, including the possibility that G. hecisto-phylla might be an acceptable alternative name ifG. dicarpa is shown not to be a New Zealandspecies.

The status of the alpine form variously referredto G. dicarpa var. alpina or G. alpina requires fur-ther investigation both here and in Australia.

Grammitidaceae

Most modern authors have distinguished theGrammitidaceae from the Polypodiaceae, de la Sota(1973) in a review of the Polypodiaceae going sofar as to conclude (p. 242) that the two are "notclosely related". On the other hand, Tryon & Tryon(1982, p.685) state that "since there is no conclu-sive evidence supporting discrete evolutionarylineages, a single family is recognised". We havefollowed the majority opinion and accepted twofamilies.

The Grammitidaceae is interpreted here asincluding the genera Ctenopteris, Grammitis, andAnarthropteris. The latter was placed in the Poly-podiaceae by Allan (1961) but is now generallyregarded as more closely related to the Grammi-tidaceae, although sometimes separated off in thefamily Loxogrammaceae (e.g., Pichi Sermolli 1977).It has frequently been reported as occurring inVanuatu (e.g., Allan 1961), but is not listed for thatregion by Braithwaite (1975). We are unaware ofany collections from Vanuatu and believe it maybe a genus endemic to New Zealand.

The distinction between Ctenopteris with pin-nate fronds and Grammitis with entire fronds isaccepted here, despite the occurrence of occasionalintergeneric hybrids (Parris 1977). The revision ofNew Zealand Grammitis (Parris & Given 1976) isadopted in its entirety except for the purely nomen-clatural substitution of G. poeppigiana and G. rig-ida for G. armstrongii and G. crassa (Parris 1980a).

PolypodiaceaeThere are two current schools of thought regardingthe phylogenetic affinities of the Polypodiaceae,usually also including the Grammitidaceae,although Nayar (1970) has widely separated the twoin his scheme. The majority of recent authors (dela Sota 1973, Crabbe et al. 1975, Lovis 1977, PichiSermolli 1977) have allied the Polypodiaceae withthe Gleicheniaceae or Dipteridaceae largely on thebasis that this is an exindusiate line of ferns withabaxial sori. However, Jarrett (1980) has arguedstrongly that other characters, notably the structureof the sporangium and indumentum of the game-tophyte, indicate that the Polypodiaceae andGrammitidaceae are related to advanced indusiatefamilies. It is still too early to assess Jarrett's con-clusions since the full results of her survey and newclassification of the ferns are still awaited. Mean-while we continue to ally the Polypodiaceae withthe Gleicheniaceae.


The Polypodiaceae is a small and relativelyunimportant family in New Zealand with just onespecies each of Pyrrosia and the adventive Poly-podium, and three of Phymatosorus, the limits ofwhich are not in doubt although their generic affin-ity remains uncertain (de la Sota 1973). The speciesplaced in Phymatosorus were originally describedas Polypodium but were transferred to Microsorum(as Micwsorium) by Copeland (1947). This wasdisputed by Pichi Sermolli (1951) who thought theybetter corresponded to Phymatodes, but this lattername has now been shown to be illegitimate andPichi Sermolli (1973) has proposed the new genusPhymatosorus, referring twelve species, includingthe three New Zealand ones, to it. The genus Phy-matosorus is accepted here although some authori-ties (e.g., Tindale 1960a, 1961, 1972; Willis 1970)continue to use Copeland's Microsorum.

HymenophyllaceaeThe classification of the Hymenophyllaceae adoptedhere is a conservative one of convenience. Follow-ing Tryon & Tryon (1982), only two genera,Hymenophyllum, and Trichomanes, are recog-nised, and no further subdivision is attempted.Whilst appreciating that Hymenophyllum and Tri-chomanes are large and potentially subdivisibleumbrella genera, no entirely satisfactory naturalclassification of the filmy ferns has yet beenachieved, and it is therefore thought best to retainthe larger, more readily identifiable groupings untilsuch time as a world monograph is published.Morton (1968) proposed six genera, Copeland(1947) 34 genera and Pichi Sermolli (1977) as manyas 42 genera. A reassessment of these classificationsis currently being carried out by Iwatsuki (1975,1977a,b, 1978, 1981, 1982), and it is hoped thatthis may lead to a more generally acceptable sub-division*. Lovis (1977) has summarised ourknowledge of chromosome numbers in the familyand has stressed the importance of further cyto-logical research, for it is evident that chromosomecounts and karyotype analysis will ultimately proveto be of the utmost importance in the classificationof the Hymenophyllaceae. Unfortunately its value

* Note added in proof: Iwatsuki (Acta Phytotax. Geobot.35: 165-179, 1984) has just published a new scheme ofclassification for the filmy ferns based chiefly on Asiaticspecies. He states that the classical bigeneric system isnot natural at all and, instead, recognises eight genera,some of which are subdivided into several subgenera.The genera represented in New Zealand are Hymeno-phyllum, Sphaerocionium, Crepidomanes, Cephalo-manes and Cardiomanes. More time is needed to assessthis new classification but, if accepted, new combina-tions would be required for most of the New Zealandspecies here placed in Trichomanes.

so far has been disappointingly negative in the sensethat taxa such as Mecodium, Meringium, andHymenophyllum sens, str., recognised on mor-phological grounds, have proved to be cytologicallyheterogeneous and therefore, very possibly,unnaturally defined. Preliminary phytochemicalwork on the family (Markham & Wallace 1980, p.418, Wallace et al. 1982) suggests "... that a studyof the polyphenolics of the species ... should be auseful aid in delineating lower taxa" although, par-adoxically, the authors note that the "... all inclu-sive genera, Hymenophyllum and Trichomanes, arenot clearly delineated by their polyphenoliccharacteristics".

In New Zealand, the Hymenophyllaceae with 27species is the largest family of ferns, and Hymen-ophyllum sens. lat. with 21 species the largest genus.Despite the high number of species, however, thetaxonomy of the group at this level is generally wellresolved. Parris & Croxall (1972) showed recentlythat H. cupressiforme is present here, distinct fromboth H. revolutum and H. peltatum. The majorremaining area of difficulty concerns the H. aus-trale aggregate where taxa such as H. atrovirens, H.montanum and H. flexuosum need investigation inrelation to each other and to their Australian coun-terparts. Brownlie (1959) suggested that all NewZealand material previously referred to H. australewas in fact either H. atrovirens or H. flexuosumand that both species were distinct from the Aust-ralian H. australe. This interpretation has beenfollowed both by us and by Croxall (1975) who gaveonly an Australian distribution for H. australe, withthe closely related H. atrovirens in New Zealand.Tindale (1963a), however, reduced H. atrovirens tosynonymy with H. australe, leaving only H. flex-uosum as a distinct New Zealand taxon. On theother hand, Allan (1961) accepted H. montanumas a good species in addition to both H. atrovirensand H. flexuosum, and there is field evidence tosupport this treatment. The limits of the individualtaxa and their correct nomenclature require furtherstudy.

More detailed cytological investigation of thefamily is also desirable, both in species for whichcounts are not yet known and in complexes suchas H. sanguinolentum/villosum where both n = 36and n = 72 have been reported for H. sanguinolen-tum (Brownlie 1954, 1961). Further work on thiscomplex is being carried out by Lovis & Daellen-bach. Lovis has also shown (1982) that Colenso'sH. pygmaeum is a synonym of H. minimum.

DicksoniaceaeHolttum & Sen (1961) included all tree ferns withinthe one family, Cyatheaceae, but Holttum (in Holt-tum & Edwards 1983) has now changed his mind,


and hence the family Dicksoniaceae is maintainedhere.

CyatheaceaeA completely new classification of the Cyathea-ceae, based largely on stipe scale characteristics, hasrecently been proposed by Tryon (1970) in whichsix separate genera replace Cyathea sens. lat. Ofthese, only Alsophila and Sphaeropteris occur inNew Zealand. The scheme is still highly contro-versial, and very recently has been criticised indetail by Holttum (in Holttum & Edwards 1983).He has put forward an alternative scheme in whichthe genus is divided into two subgenera, Cyatheaand Sphaeropteris, each with a number of sectionsand subsections. It should be noted that the differ-ence between the two concepts of Sphaeropteris isnot merely one of rank but also of circumscription.Tryon's scheme is open to criticism because of theabundant evidence of hybridisation between spe-cies assigned by him to different genera. Most sig-nificantly, Conant & Cooper-Driver (1980) haveshown that Alsophila bryophila X Nephelea porto-ricensis and Alsophila dryopteroides X Nepheleaportoricensis are examples of allohomoploid hybridspeciation in the sense of Grant (1971). However,to our minds, this type of micro-evolutionary inter-action, which results in fertile diploid hybrids, isnot acceptable between validly distinct genera, andin this instance, indicates that Tryon's genera areincorrectly defined. Holttum's scheme is also pre-ferred for his account of the origin of indusia inthe family and, accordingly, a conservative nomen-clature is followed here.

Fortunately, at the species level, the tree ferns inNew Zealand pose no obvious taxonomic prob-lems now that the presence of Cyathea cunning-hamii has been confirmed (Tindale 1956, Holttum1964, Brownsey 1979a).

Thelypteridaceae

Our classification of the Thelypteridaceae followsthat proposed by Holttum (1971) for the Old Worldrepresentatives. Thus the five species of Thelypterisaccepted in New Zealand by Allan (1961) are nowdistributed in five separate genera. Treatment ofthe indigenous species of Macrothelypteris, Pneu-matopteris, and Christella is taken from Holttum'smonographs (1969, 1973b, 1976), although theprobability that two species of Christella may occurin New Zealand, one in thermal areas and the Ker-madec Islands, and one in north Auckland, is beinginvestigated (Given, Sykes & Bartlett, in prep.). Thetwo remaining taxa, Thelypteris confluens andCyclosorus interruptus, are components of geo-graphically widespread aggregates, being cytologi-cally and morphologically complex, and

nomenclaturally tortuous. Problems involved in thetwo cases are discussed respectively by Morton(1967) and Holttum (1973c). More recently, Holt-tum (1977b) has monographed the Pacific andAustralian representatives of the family Thelypter-idaceae and suggested areas where further work isdesirable.

LoxsomataceaeThe systematic position of the family Loxsoma-taceae has always been a matter of conjecture.Brownsey (1975) obtained a chromosome count ofn = 50 in the endemic, monotypic genus Loxsoma,a number so distinct that it only emphasised theisolated evolutionary position of the family. Morerecently, however, Wagner (1980) has proposed thatthe closely related neotropical genus Loxsomopsiswith n=46 might have an affinity with the denn-staedtioid ferns. The close relationship betweenLoxsomopsis and Loxsoma has been confirmed bya study of their flavonoids (Markham & Given1979). Brownsey (1983b) now suggests that theymay occupy a position between the Dennstaedti-aceae and Cyatheaceae, which is cytologically con-sistent with Lovis's (1977, p. 303) idea that theDennstaedtiaceae originated by a long series ofaneuploid reductions from a source in theCyatheaceae.

DennstaedtiaceaeThe Dennstaedtiaceae is interpreted here in a ratherbroad sense to include all the dennstaedtioid,hypolepidoid, and lindsaeoid ferns — groups whichare consigned to independent families by Nayar(1970) and Pichi Sermolli (1977). In taking thiscontrary view we are much influenced not only bythe recent review of Mickel (1973) but also by theintriguing cytological theory proposed by Lovis(1977, p. 307) in the light of available chromosomecounts that "the Dennstaedtiaceae is based on onevery ancient long aneuploid series". The validityof this novel suggestion remains to be proved, butundoubtedly the Dennstaedtiaceae is both a familyof taxonomically ill-defined genera, and one whichis critical to any phylogenetic comprehension of themodern ferns.

Within New Zealand the largest genus in thefamily is Hypolepis which has just been revised byBrownsey & Chinnock (1984) who accept sevenspecies and exclude three other commonly mis-applied names (H. punctata, H. rugosula, and H.tenuifolia). One species, H. distans, is morpholog-ically and cytologically distinct from the others; thepossibility that it should be referred to a separategenus, and the evolutionary history of the hypo-lepidoid ferns in general, are discussed by Brown-sey (1983b).


The remaining members of the New ZealandDennstaedtiaceae pose no real problems. Lindsaeain Australasia has recently been monographed byKramer & Tindale (1976) and their three NewZealand species are accepted here. Leptolepia, Pae-sia, Pteridium, and Histiopteris are all monotypicin this country, although Brownsey (1983b) ques-tions whether Histiopteris should really be closelyallied with the others. The inherent difficulties ofattempting a classification of bracken throughoutthe world are well-known and have recently beendiscussed by Page (1976). Page accepts Tryon's(1941) taxonomic treatment of Pteridium as amonotypic genus with many varieties throughoutthe world. However, we have followed Wakefield(1957), Smith (1966), Holttum (1968), Willis (1970),Tindale (1972), Brownlie (1969, 1977), and Chin-nock (1978) in raising the Australasian and Pacificform of bracken to species status.

AspleniaceaeThe Aspleniaceae is interpreted here in its moretraditional sense, involving only the genus Asplen-ium and its satellite genera, rather than in the broadsense of Crabbe et al. (1975) who include also theathyrioid, tectarioid, and dryopteroid ferns. Thecytological evidence alone (Lovis 1977) providessufficient grounds for retaining the asplenioid fernsas a distinct group.

Asplenium in New Zealand has been revised byBrownsey (1977a,b) and his treatment is acceptedhere, save only that the name A. oblongifolium issubstituted for the illegitimate A. lucidum (Brown-sey 1979b). A. pauperequitum, endemic to the PoorKnights Islands (Brownsey & Jackson 1984), andA. chathamense, endemic to the Chatham Islands(Brownsey 1985), have since been added to the flora,and the range of A. terrestre, previously consideredendemic, extended to Victoria and Tasmania(Brownsey 1983a). The hexaploid subspecies of A.trichomanes (Lovis, unpub.) remains undescribed,whilst forms of the A. flaccidum aggregate on theKermadec Islands and Antipodes Island requirefurther investigation.

Pleurosorus is monotypic in New Zealand andhas been investigated by both Given (1972) andSalvo et al. (1982). In line with recent trends tosubmerge the satellite genera of Asplenium, the lat-ter authors reduce Pleurosorus to a subgenus ofAsplenium, but we prefer to maintain them asseparate genera for the reasons outlined by Lovis(1973). Salvo et al. also propose reducing the threeknown species of Pleurosorus to subspecies of onepolymorphic aggregate (Asplenium subglandu-losum in their scheme), in our opinion a retrogradestep since it obscures the very remarkable distri-bution of this genus with populations in Spain,

Chile and Argentina, and Australia and NewZealand.

Dryopteridaceae

Our concept of the Dryopteridaceae is similar tothat of Nayar (1970) and Lovis (1977), and includesall the athyrioid, tectarioid, and dryopteroid ferns.It is at variance with Crabbe et al. (1975) whoinclude also the Aspleniaceae (separated off by uson cytological grounds), and with other authorsincluding Pichi Sermolli (1977) who maintain adistinction between the Athyriaceae and Dryopter-idaceae (Aspidiaceae). Sledge (1973) has discussedthe reasons why this latter distinction is not entirelysatisfactory.

The Dryopteridaceae in New Zealand include ahigher proportion of adventive ferns than any otherfamily and this, together with some importantchanges in the circumscription of individual gen-era, has contrived to give the family a totally dif-ferent complexion to that presented by Allan (1961).

Four athyrioid genera are present — Athyrium,Deparia, Diplazium, and Cystopteris. The first threegenera were previously included in Athyrium sens,lat., but this large umbrella genus is now usuallyregarded as being too broad in its circumscription.Various attempts to subdivide it have been made,the most recent by Kato (1977) who summarisesthe earlier proposals. A distinction now seemsgenerally agreed between Diplazium with elongatedsori arranged singly or back to back along a vein,and Athyrium with sori either hooked or horse-shoeshaped across a vein, or reniform. Cytological evi-dence lends support to the naturalness of these gen-era with x=40 in Athyrium and x=41 in Diplazium(Lovis 1977). Athyrium sens. str. is represented inNew Zealand only by the introduced A. filix-fem-ina, and Diplazium by D. australe, shared also withAustralia. Kato (1977) departs from earlier classi-fications by adopting the genus Deparia Hook, etGrev. in a broad sense to include also Lunathyr-ium Koidzumi, Dryoathyrium Ching, and Athy-riopsis Ching. With x=40, the genus is fairly clearlydistinguished by the presence of multicellular hairson the lamina, and by the groove on the upper sur-face of the main rachis not opening to admit thegroove of the pinna rachises. Kato (1984) has justcompleted a monograph of Deparia in which theNew Zealand plant previously known variously asAthyrium japonicum or Lunathyrium japonicum isreferred to Deparia petersenii subsp. congrua ratherthan D. japonica which is confined to Japan. Healso recognises the enigmatic Asplenium umbro-sum var. tenuifolium Kirk as a distinct endemicspecies, Deparia tenuifolia, with a tripinnate frondcompared to the bipinnate frond of D. petersenii.

Cystopteris with x=42 and with round sori and


ovate indusia is readily distinguished morpholog-ically and cytologically from the other genera. Ithas been monographed by Blasdell (1963) but hisconclusions have not been enthusiastically receivedby most workers. In contrast to earlier authors whohad allied the New Zealand plant to the EuropeanC. fragilis, he referred South American and Aus-tralasian material to C. fragilis var. apiiformis —a combination based on a type from the FalklandIslands. Whether or not the South American plantis truly identical to that in Australasia remains tobe established, but in any event the name C. tas-manica (as a species or a variety) based on an Aust-ralian type has priority over C. apiiformis whenapplied to Australasian material. Blasdell made nomention of C. tasmanica in his monograph, but inthe opinion of the present authors, and first pro-posed by Lovis (1959), the Australian and NewZealand material is sufficiently distinct to warrantspecies status with this name. There is also presentin New Zealand an adventive species which isreferable to the European C. fragilis and which isquite distinct from C. tasmanica. This adventiveplant has evidently been here from early Europeantimes because Colenso's C. laciniatus is based onsuch a form.

The largest and most important genus of theDryopteridaceae in New Zealand is Polystichum.Four native species have traditionally been recog-nised, but a fifth, probably undescribed, is presenton the Chatham Islands, and another curious formon the Snares. The Australian P. proliferum, dis-tinguished from the native P. vestitum on scalecharacters and its bulbiferous frond, also occurssporadically in New Zealand where it is probablyadventive. Polystichum lentum and a cultivatedform of the European P. setiferum have also escapedin some places.

Two other adventive genera occur in NewZealand. One species of Cyrtomium is found inparts of the northern North Island whilst furthersouth, particularly in Canterbury, three species ofDryopteris have been recorded. The most wide-spread is D. filix-mas, but sporadic populations ofits apogamous triploid relative D. affinis have alsobeen noted. In Dunedin, where D. affinis is actuallymore abundant than D. filix-mas, occasionalhybrids have been found where the two species growtogether (Lovis & Brownsey, unpub.). Plants of D.affinis so far investigated have been triploid(Brownsey, unpub.) but whether any of the otherEuropean cytotypes in this complex are also pres-ent remains to be established. A third species, D.dilatata, has been collected occasionally.

The genus Lastreopsis has recently been mono-graphed by Tindale (1965) and her treatment isadopted here. Lastreopsis hispida, L. velutina, andL. glabella, are recognised together with a form

from the Kermadec Islands thought to be a newspecies but still awaiting formal description {see alsoSykes 1977). Tindale also distinguished, as subsp.pentangularis, tetraploid populations of L. micro-sora occurring in New Zealand which were mor-phologically separable from diploid populations inAustralia. However, she suggested that diploidplants might also occur in New Zealand, and thiswould bear further investigation.

The species referred to Lastreopsis by Tindalewere previously included in Ctenitis and Rumohra(e.g., Cheeseman 1925, Allan 1961). Two other spe-cies of Rumohra were also listed by Allan, but oneof them, R. aristata from the Kermadecs, has nowbeen transferred to Arachniodes (Tindale 1961).Tindale herself referred to Arachniodes as "a ratherunsatisfactory genus placed mid-way betweenDryopteris sens, stricto and Polystichum" andalthough she attempted to re-define the three gen-era more clearly Sledge (1973) considers Arach-niodes to be "justified more as a genus ofconvenience than as a natural one". In accom-modating elements which combine some featuresof both Polystichum and Dryopteris it serves theimportant practical function of keeping these twomuch larger genera taxonomically distinct.

The remaining species of Rumohra in the NewZealand flora, R. adiantiformis, is the subject ofconsiderable debate. Though the genus, with thisone wide-ranging southern hemisphere species andfive others endemic to Madagascar, appears to besatisfactorily circumscribed, its placement in theDryopteridaceae is highly controversial. Mostmodern authorities (e.g., Holttum 1968, p. 484,Wakefield 1957, Tindale 1961, 1972, Crabbe et al.1975) include it with the Davalliaceae on accountof its creeping dorsiventral rhizome and davallioidmain rachis. Recently, however, Kato (1974) andPichi Sermolli (1977) have shown that these char-acters are found elsewhere in the Dryopteridaceaebut that features such as the peltate orbicular indu-sia, the nature of the petiolar anatomy, and theabsence of articulation at the junction of stipe andrhizome are alien to the concept of davallioid ferns.Accordingly, we follow them and include Rumohrawith the Dryopteridaceae, albeit as a somewhatanomalous element.

DavalliaceaeThe Davalliaceae is construed here in a broad senseto include both the davallioid and oleandroid ferns.The family is of minor importance in New Zealandwith only one species of Arthropteris, three taxa ofNephrolepis, all of limited distribution, and a singlespecies of Davallia, previously considered to beendemic to the Three Kings Islands but recentlydiscovered in Puketi Forest, Northland (P. Bel-lingham, pers. comm.).


Nephrolepis is in urgent need of a world-widerevision and the nomenclature adopted here forNew Zealand material would almost certainly needto be changed in such a monograph. Nevertheless,Sykes (1977) gives good reasons for using the nameN. hirsutula for Kermadec Island plants previouslyreferred to N. exaltata. Two other taxa are presentin the North Island — one native and confined tothermal areas, the other a cultivated strain nownaturalised in many warmer parts of the country.They have often been regarded as the same speciesin the past, but the cultivated plant is generallylarger and has underground tubers — a feature fre-quently absent from native populations. The cor-rect nomenclature for these taxa is still veryuncertain.

Central to any revision of Nephrolepis and to thetaxonomic problems posed by New Zealandmaterial is the question of the identity of Polypo-dium cordifolium L., later transferred by Presl tothe genus Nephrolepis and subsequently creditedwith a widespread tropical distribution extendingas far north as Japan and as far south as NewZealand. Pichi Sermolli (1968) was able to showthat the type of Linnaeus's Polypodium cordifoliumis in fact plate 71 of Plumier's "Traite des Fougeresde L'Amerique" illustrating a plant collected "dansune forest de la Bande du Sud, dans l'isle SaintDomingue". However the identity of the plantremains unclear and Pichi Sermolli was forced toconclude "I think that Plumier's plate 71, althoughrough, reproduces a species of Nephrolepis. How-ever, whether it shows the species currently calledNephrolepis cordifolia or another species of thegenus is not wholly certain. Perhaps a research inthe region in which it was originally collected byPlumier could afford a final answer to this prob-lem. For the time being I use the name Nephrolepiscordifolia in the current sense". However, PichiSermolli goes on to show that N. cordifolia, as con-strued by Christensen (1906), is in fact an assem-blage of six closely related species. Relevant to theNew Zealand problem is his recognition of N. tub-erosa (Bory ex Willd.) C. Presl with a distributionin "Malgassia, Ceylon, India, N. Caledonia andcertainly elsewhere" distinct from N. cordifolia"widely distributed in tropical America and in thetropics of the Old World, but not in Africa". Thisdistinction has recently been accepted by Brownlie(1977) for Fijian material which he refers to N.tuberosa.

However, in an earlier paper, Alston & Bonner(1956) had also concluded that Polypodium cordi-folium L. was based on Plumier's plate 71. Theysuggested that it appeared to represent the Amer-ican plant Nephrolepis occidentals (Kuhn) Kuntze,and proposed that the correct name for the Old

World plant, specifically including "Japan, NewZealand, (and) tropical Asia", was N. auriculata (L.)Trimen. This conclusion has been accepted,amongst others, by Nakaike (1975) in Japan andLi (1975) in Taiwan. Unfortunately, however, PichiSermolli (1968) refers neither to this name, nor toAlston & Bonner's paper. It therefore remains tobe established whether N. auriculata and N. tub-erosa are the same (a problem beyond the scope ofthis paper) but if they are then N. auriculata wouldtake priority as the older name.

The problem in New Zealand is confounded stillfurther by the presence of a native species and ahorticultural variety now widely established.Nephrolepis species are commonly cultivated inmany parts of the world as "Sword ferns" or "Bos-ton ferns" and many ornamental varieties andstrains of the wild species have been established incultivation. Morton (1958) describes some of themore important of these but makes the point thatN. cordifolia "is the only species that bears 'tubers'". The adventive plant in New Zealand certainlybears tubers and would therefore seem to belongto this aggregate, whatever its correct nomencla-ture might prove to be. The native plant, though,appears to lack tubers (see, for example, Sykes1977). B. W. McAlpin, currently working on theclassification of Nephrolepis cultivars, suggests (pers.comm.) that this is taxonomically very significantand an indication that the native plant may be acompletely different species. Meanwhile, until awide-ranging study of Nephrolepis is carried out,the two taxa present in New Zealand are conserv-atively referred to N. cordifolia.

BlechnaceaeThe Blechnaceae is a clearly defined and univer-sally accepted family, currently represented in NewZealand by Doodia and Blechnum. However, twoQueensland species have recently been transferredto the new genus Pteridoblechnum by Hennipman(1976) who suggests that Blechnum fraseri, whichhas always appeared somewhat out of place inBlechnum, may also belong here. Further investi-gation is required before formalising the transfer.

Doodia has been revised by Parris (1972) and hertreatment is accepted here, except that New Zealandplants previously referred to the Australian D. cau-data are now recognised as a distinct species, D.mollis (Parris 1980a). An extant population of D.aspera in New Zealand is also recorded by Parris(1980a).

Blechnum is an extremely important genus inNew Zealand, being second only to Hymenophyl-lum in terms of the number of species. A cytotax-onomic investigation of the local representativeswas the subject of an M.Sc. thesis by Chambers


(1954) which is slowly expanding into a world-widemonograph. Recently Given (in prep.) has sug-gested that the Blechnum capense aggregate, longrecognised as exceedingly polymorphic, comprisesfive New Zealand taxa, with close relatives in Aus-tralia and South Africa. Despite the fact that someof these taxa are amongst the most common fernsin New Zealand, only two have legitimate namesat present. The name B. capense (L.) Schldl., pre-viously used for the best known of these taxa, ispredated by B. capense Burm. f. but, in any case,is now known to apply only to South Africanmaterial; New Zealand plants once referred to thisspecies require a different name. They include twoforms. One ("black spot") is characterised by largefronds with numerous pairs of pinnae whichdecrease markedly in length towards the base ofthe frond, and stipe scales with an obvious blackcentre; this form occurs in a wide variety of hab-itats but especially on road banks and cliff sides(Crookes 1963, p. 312). The other ("mountain") hasa more truncate base to the frond and bronzecoloured pinnae with undulate margins, and occursprimarily in mountain regions of the South Island(Crookes 1963, p. 285). Plants with fronds similarto "black spot" in outline but smaller in size, withuniformly pale brown stipe scales, and with moredistant, thin textured, obtuse pinnae, occur inswamps and other damp habitats; these are refer-able to the Australian species, B. minus (Crookes1963, p. 283 — as B. capense "swamp form"). Thename B. minus has been used incorrectly in NewZealand by Allan (1961) and others for a plantwhich should be called B. procerum. This is closelyrelated to the Australian B. wattsii Tindale (1963b),and has relatively few pairs of more or less equallysized, short, broad pinnae with rounded apices; itoccurs most commonly on forest floors (Crookes1963, p. 281 — as B. minus.) The morphologicalcharacteristics of these forms have also been wellillustrated recently by Molloy (1983). The fifthtaxon commonly known as the "Green Bay form"(Crookes 1963, p. 287) occurs in steep-sided gulliesand cliffs, often in coastal habitats; it has fronddimensions comparable to "black spot", but is del-toid in outline with a long, thick stipe and numer-ous pairs of pinnae which decrease in length towardsthe apex of the frond.

Another problem is manifest in the B.norfolkianum/chambersii/membranaceum aggre-gate, a group of three species often difficult to dis-tinguish satisfactorily and complicated by thepresence of hybrids in areas where two or moreoccur together, as well as by a sorry history ofnomenclatural errors. B. chambersii is a new nameproposed by Tindale (1972) for the fern originallyknown as B. lanceolatum. The latter name is ille-gitimate because of an earlier homonym, and Tin-

dale (1960b) initially suggested B. aggregatum asan alternative. However, the type specimen of thisname subsequently proved to be a hybrid (B.chambersii X membranaceum) and the name B.chambersii was adopted instead. Brownlie (1977)then proposed a new combination, B. doodioides,based on Fijian material which he suggestedextended to Australia and New Zealand; being anearlier name it took preference over B. chambersii.However, Parris (1980a) has pointed out thatBrownlie's B. doodioides is a later homonym of B.doodioides Hook., and hence B. chambersii remainsthe correct name for Australasian material.

The remaining species of Blechnum in NewZealand appear to be fairly clearly defined now thatWakefield (1956) has separated the local B. colen-soi from the Australian B. patersonii. Nevertheless,discrepancies in chromosome number betweenTasmanian and New Zealand representatives of thegenus suggest that further cytological investigationin the two countries is desirable. Thus, B. penna-marina and B. vulcanicum apparently have n=33in Tasmania (Quinn 1961) but n=34 in NewZealand (Brownlie 1954). Also, a polyploid serieshas been detected in B. fluviatile with Tasmanianrepresentatives showing n=99, and New Zealandspecimens n=66 and n=33 (Chambers 1954) orn=34 (Brownlie 1954). Lovis (1977) has alreadypointed to the potential value of karyotype analysisin Blechnum, and the Australasian region with itsabundance of species and variation in chromo-some number would be a rich area for such a study.

MarsileaceaeThe sole New Zealand representative is Pilularianovae-zelandiae which is only doubtfully distinctfrom the Australian P. novae-hollandiae A. Br.

SalviniaceaeOne adventive species of Salvinia is present in thewarmer parts of New Zealand and is referred tothe newly described S. molesta (Mitchell 1974). Atvarious times the names S. natans (L.) All., S. hert-zogii Sota and S. auriculata Aubl. have been usedfor New Zealand material but are now believed tohave been mis-applied, S. molesta being distin-guished by its small male sporocarps bearing emptysporangia.

Two species of Azolla are present in New Zealand— a widespread native species previously called A.rubra and a recently arrived adventive species, A.pinnata, still confined to the northern North Island.Both occur also in Australia where A. rubra, thetype of which is Australian, has been reduced tosynonymy with the American A. filiculoides (Wake-field 1957, Smith 1966, Willis 1970, Chinnock 1978)


or at best retained as a variety of that species (Tin-dale 1972). This follows the work of Svenson (1944)on the New World species of Azolla who foundthat the minor morphological characteristics dis-tinguishing A. rubra were also present scatteredthrough the range of variation of A. filiculoides inAmerica. The latter name is therefore adopted herefor the New Zealand plant.

SYNONYMIC CHECKLIST OF VALIDLYPUBLISHED PTERIDOPHYTE NAMES

There follows a list of all validly published namesand combinations either based on New Zealandtypes or used by authors in reference to the NewZealand flora. The taxa are arranged according tothe classification given above. Nomina nuda havebeen excluded and hybrid combinations areincluded only when they have been given a specificepithet (e.g., Doodia X digena) or where namesoriginally used for species have been shown to bebased on hybrid material (e.g., Blechnum X aggre-gatum). Hybrid names are listed at the end of theappropriate generic section.

Synonyms for each accepted species are given inorder of publication of the type on which they arebased. For geographically widespread species onlythe more important synonyms and those based onNew Zealand material are given. By no means allthe types have been examined by us, and unless wehave found evidence to the contrary, judgementsof earlier authors have been accepted. Where thereare contradictory opinions or no reliable decisioncan be made, lists of taxa requiring further investi-gation are given, separate from the synonymy butunder the name of the most closely related acceptedspecies.

Adventive species are included with the nativespecies and are indicated with an asterisk. Onlybasionyms and particularly important synonymsare given for these species.

Mistaken identifications are listed in the custom-ary fashion. For example (p. 447), authors erro-neously identifying New Zealand material ofLycopodium australianum Herter as L. selago L.are listed after the entry "Lycopodium selago auctt.non L. (1753): ....". Only the standard fern florasof New Zealand have been checked for this typeof inaccuracy, including the following works: Rich-ard (1832), Cunningham (1837), Raoul (1846),Hooker (1855, 1867), von Mueller (1864), Thom-son (1882), Field (1890), Cheeseman (1906, 1925),Dobbie (1921, 1931, 1951), Allan (1961), andCrookes (1963).

Names of taxa dubiously or erroneously recordedfor New Zealand are listed alphabetically on p. 472.

Where necessary an indication of their currentlyaccepted nomenclature is given, together with anysource listing their occurrence in New Zealand.

Authors names have been abbreviated accordingto the Kew Draft Index (Halliday et al. 1980) withthe following two exceptions: Cheesem. = T. F.Cheeseman; Col. = W. Colenso. Titles of journalsfollow the abbreviations in Botanico PeriodicumHuntianum, and of monographs those in Taxon-omic Literature (Stafleu & Cowan 1976-83), exceptthat the words New Zealand and Nouvelle-Zelandehave consistently been abbreviated to the lettersN.Z., and the title Essai d'une flore de la Nouvelle-Zelande (Richard 1832) to Essai Fl. N.Z. Dates ofpublication for works issued in parts are taken fromStafleu (1967) and Stafleu & Cowan (1976-83)except for the two fern papers by Colenso in theTasmanian Journal of Natural Science now knownto have been published in 1843 and 1845 (Plomley1969).

In a work of this scale mistakes in the placing ofsynonyms will inevitably have occurred. It is hoped,however, that very few names relevant to the NewZealand pteridophyte flora have actually beenoverlooked, and that this listing will serve as a basisfor future taxonomic research.

PSILOTOPSIDAPSILOTACEAEPSILOTUM SwartzPsilotum nudum (L.) P. Beauv. Prodr. Fam.

Aetheog. 112(1805)Lycopodium nudum L. Sp. PI. 2: 1100 (1753)Psilotum triquetrum Swartz, J. Bot. (Schrader)

1800(2): 109(1802)Bemhardia novae-hollandiae K. Miiller, Bot. Zei-

tung (Berlin) 14: 237(1856)Psilotum heterocarpum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20:

237 (1888)Psilotum novae-zelandiae Gand. Bull. Soc. Bot.

France 66: 306 (1919)

TMESIPTERIS Bernh.Tmesipteris elongata P. A. Dangeard, Botaniste 2:

213 (1890-91)Tmesipteris lanceolata M. Sykes, Ann. Bot. (Lon-

don) 22: 64 (1908), non P. A. Dangeard (1890-91)

Tmesipteris tannensis var. elongata (P. A. Dan-geard) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 231 (1915)

Tmesipteris tugana H. Barber, Victoria Naturalist71: 97 (1954)

Tmesipteris elongata P. A. Dangeard subsp.robusta Chinnock, N.Z. J. Bot. 13: 763 (1975)


Tmesipteris forsteri auctt. non Endl. (1833): A.Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 360 (1837);Raoul, Choix PI. N.Z. 36 (1846); Hook. f. Fl.N.Z. 2: 51 (1854); Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 391(1864); G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 108 (1882)

Tmesipteris lanceolata P. A. Dangeard, Botaniste 2:214 (1890-91)

Tmesipteris tannensis var. lanceolata (P. A. Dan-geard) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 232, t. 1,f. 4 (1915)

Tmesipteris tannensis auct. non Bernh. (1801):Sahni, Philos. Trans. Ser. B, 213: 143, pi. 5, f.8-9 (1925)


Tmesipteris sigmatifolia Chinnock, N.Z. J. Bot. 13:764(1975)

Tmesipteris tannensis var. elongata Sahni, Philos.Trans. Ser. B, 213: 143, pi. 5, f. 5-6 (1925), nonDomin (1915)

Tmesipteris tannensis (Sprengel) Bernh. J. Bot.(Schrader) 1800 (2): 131, t. 2, f. 5a-f (1801)

Lycopodium tannense Sprengel, J. Bot. (Schrader)1799 (2): 267 (1800)

Bernhardia tannensis (Sprengel) K. Muller, Bot.Zeitung (Berlin) 14: 221 (1856)

Tmesipteris fowerakeri H. Barber, Victoria Natu-ralist 71: 97 (1954)


LYCOPSIDALYCOPODIACEAELYCOPODIUM L.Lycopodium australianum Herter, Bot. Jahrb. Syst.

43: 42 (1909)Urostachys australianus (Herter) Herter ex Nes-

sel, Die Barlappgewachse 49 (1939)Lycopodium australianum (Herter) Allan, Fl. N.Z.

1: 3(1961)Huperzia australiana (Herter) Holub, Folia Geo-

bot. Phytotax. 20: 70 (1985)Urostachys cockaynei Herter ex Nessel, Revista

Sudamer. Bot. 6: 158, t. 7, f. 12 (1940)Lycopodium selago auctt. non L. (1753): Hook. f.

Fl. N.Z. 2: 52 (1854); Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl.389 (1864); G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 103 (1882);

Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1035 (1906); Cheesem.Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 99 (1925)

Lycopodium cernuum L. Sp. PI. 2: 1103 (1753)Lepidotis cernua (L.) P. Beauv. Prodr. Fam.

Aetheog. 108 (1805)Palhinhaea cernua (L.) Franco et Carv. Vase. Bol.

Soc. Brot. Ser. II, 41: 25 (1967)Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pichi Serm. Webbia 23:

166 (1968)Lycopodium polycephalum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst.

27: 401 (1895)Palhinhaea polycephala (Col.) Holub, Folia Geo-

bot. Phytotax. 20: 79 (1985)Nessel (loc. cit.) refers New Zealand material of L.cernuum to two varieties which need furtherinvestigation:Lycopodium cernuum L. var. curvatum (Swartz)

Nessel, Die Barlappgewachse 354 (1939)Lycopodium cernuum L. var. vulcanicum (Blume)

Nessel, Die Barlappgewachse 354 (1939)Lycopodium deuterodensum Herter, Index Lyco-

pod. 15 (1949)Lycopodium densum Labill. Nov. Holl. PI. 2: 104,

t. 251, f. 1 (1807), non Lam. (1778)Lepidotis densa Rothm. Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov.

Regni Veg. 54: 67 (1944), nom. nov. pro Lyco-podium densum Labill.

Pseudolycopodium densum (Rothm.) Holub, FoliaGeobot. Phytotax. 18: 442 (1983)

Lycopodium fastigiatum R. Br. Prodr. 165 (1810)Lycopodium clavatum L. var. fastigiatum (R. Br.)

Benth. Fl. Austral. 7: 675 (1878)Lycopodium curvifolium Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20:

234 (1888), non Grev. et Hook. (1831)Lycopodium arcitenentis Herter, Index Lycopod.

5 (1949), nom. nov. pro Lycopodium curvifol-ium Col.

Lycopodium scopulosum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20:235 (1888)

Lycopodium decurrens Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 28:617 (1896), non R. Br. (1810)

Lycopodium cochinchense Herter ex Nessel,Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 172 (1940)

The occurrence of the following taxa in NewZealand needs further investigation (see also Allan,Fl. N.Z. 1: 6, 1961):Lepidotis magellanica P. Beauv. Prodr. Fam.

Aetheog. 102 (1805)Lycopodium magellanicum (P. Beauv.) Swartz,

Syn. Fil. 180 (1806)Lycopodium clavatum L. var. magellanicum (P.

Beauv.) Hook. f. Fl. Antarct. 1: 113 (1845)Lycopodium magellanicum (P. Beauv.) Swartz var.

berggrenii Herter ex Nessel, Revista Sudamer.Bot. 6: 170, t. 16, f. 86 (1940)


Lycopodium fastigiatum R. Br. var. colensoi Nes-sel, Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 171, t. 17, f. 91(1940)

Lycopodium berggrenii (Herter ex Nessel) Herter,Index Lycopod. 6 (1949)

Lycopodium laterale R. Br. Prodr. 165 (1810)Lepidotis lateralis (R. Br.) Rothm. Feddes Repert.

Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 54: 67 (1944)Lateristachys lateralis (R. Br.) Holub, Folia Geo-

bot. Phytotax. 18: 441 (1983)Lycopodium consimilis Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 16:

348 (1884)Lycopodium ramulosum Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 11:

456, t. 19b (1879)Lateristachys ramulosa (Kirk) Holub, Folia Geo-

bot. Phytotax. 18: 441 (1983)The occurrence of the following taxon in NewZealand and the relationship of L. ramulosum toL. laterale requires further study:

Lycopodium diffusum R. Br. Prodr. 165 (1810)Lycopodium laterale R. Br. var. diffusum (R. Br.)

Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 54 (1854)Lepidotis diffusa (R. Br.) Rothm. Feddes Repert.

Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 54: 67 (1944)Lateristachys diffusa (R. Br.) Holub, Folia Geo-

bot. Phytotax. 18: 441 (1983)

Lycopodium scariosum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 87(1786)

Stachygynandrum scariosum (Forst. f.) P. Beauv.Prodr. Fam. Aetheog. 114 (1805)

Diphasium scariosum (Forst. f.) Rothm. FeddesRepert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 54: 65 (1944)

Lycopodium decurrens R. Br. Prodr. 165 (1810)Diphasium decurrens (R. Br.) Holub, Folia Geo-

bot. Phytotax. 20: 78 (1985)Lycopodium lessonianum A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z.

59 (1832)Lycopodium distans Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20: 236

(1888)Lycopodium serpentinum Kunze in Lehmann, PI.

Preiss. 2: 108 (1846)Pseudolycopodiella serpentina (Kunze in Leh-

mann) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 18: 442(1983)

Lycopodium drummondii Spring, Monogr. Fam.Lycopod. 2: 35 (1850)

Lepidotis drummondii (Spring) Rothm. FeddesRepert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 54: 66 (1944)

Lycopodium carolinianum auctt. non L. (1753):Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 54 (1854); Hook. f. Handb.N.Z. Fl. 390 (1864); G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z.106 (1882)

Lycopodium varium R. Br. Prodr. 165 (1810)Urostachys varius (R. Br.) Herter ex Nessel, Die

Barlappgewachse 192 (1939)

Huperzia varia (R. Br.) Rothm. Feddes Repert.Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 54: 61 (1944)

Lycopodium flagellaria auctt. non Bory (1829): A.Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 60 (1832); A. Cunn. Com-panion Bot. Mag. 2: 361 (1837)

Lycopodium phlegmaria auct. non L. (1753): A.Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 361 (1837)

The following combinations require further study:Lycopodium myrtifolium Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr.

87 (1786)Stachygynandrum myrtifolium (Forst. f.) P. Beauv.

Prodr. Fam. Aetheog. 113 (1805)Urostachys myrtifolius (Forst. f.) Herter, Index

Lycopod. 71 (1949)Huperzia myrtifolia (Forst. f.) Holub, Folia Geo-

bot. Phytotax. 20: 75 (1985)Lycopodium varium R. Br. var. alpinum R. Br.

Prodr. 165 (1810)Lycopodium varium R. Br. var. umbrosum R. Br.

Prodr. 165 (1810)Lycopodium pachystachyum Desv. in Poiret,

Encycl. Suppl. 3: 544 (1813)Lycopodium billardieri Spring, Monogr. Fam.

Lycopod. 1: 56 (1842)Urostachys billardieri (Spring) Herter ex Nessel,

Die Barlappgewachse 194 (1939)Huperzia billardieri (Spring) Rothm. Feddes

Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 54: 61 (1944)Lycopodium varium R. Br. var. billardieri (Spring)

Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 16: 377 (1884)Lycopodium selago L. var. flagellaria (A. Rich.)

F. Muell. Veg. Chatham Isl. 62 (1864)Lycopodium varium R. Br. var. polaris Kirk,

Trans. N.Z. Inst. 16: 376 (1884)Urostachys varius (R. Br.) Nessel var. polaris

Herter ex Nessel, Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 165,t. 12, f. 59 (1940)

Urostachys polaris (Herter ex Nessel) Herter, IndexLycopod. 76 (1949)

Huperzia polaris (Herter ex Nessel) Holub, FoliaGeobot. Phytotax. 20: 76 (1985)

Lycopodium varium R. Br. var. gracile Kirk,Trans. N.Z. Inst. 16: 377, t. 29 (1884)

Lycopodium billardieri Spring var. gracile (Kirk)Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1036 (1906)

Lycopodium novae-zelandicum Col. Trans. N.Z.Inst. 19: 275 (1887)

Huperzia novae-zelandiae (Col.) Holub, FoliaGeobot. Phytotax. 20: 75 (1985)

Urostachys helmii Nessel, Feddes Repert. Spec.Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 186 (1934)

Huperzia helmii (Nessel) Holub, Folia Geobot.Phytotax. 20: 73 (1985)

Lycopodium volubile Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 86(1786)

Lepidotis volubilis (Forst. f.) Rothm. Feddes


Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 54: 67 (1944)Pseudodiphasium volubile (Forst. f.) Holub, Folia

Geobot. Phytotax. 18: 442 (1983)Lycopodium d'urvillaei A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 60

(1832), non Bory (1829)Lycopodium volubile Forst. f. var. d'urvillaei (A.

Rich.) Nessel, Die Barlappgewachse 369 (1939)

PHYLLOGLOSSUM KunzePhylloglossum drummondii Kunze, Bot. Zeitung

(Berlin) 1: 721 (1843)Lycopodium sanguisorba Spring, Monogr. Fam.

Lycopod. 2: 36 (1850)

SELAGINELLACEAESELAGINELLA P. Beauv.*Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun, Index

Sem. Horto Bot. Berol. anno 1859 collect. App.22 (1860)

Lycopodium kraussianum Kunze, Linnaea 18: 114(1844)

Selaginella denticulata auct. non Link (1841):Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 1054 (1925)

* Selaginella moellendorffii Hieron. in Engl. etPrantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 680 (1901)

* Selaginella sp.

ISOETACEAEISOETES L.Isoetes alpinus Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 7: 377, t. 25

(1875)Isoetes kirkii A. Braun, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss.

Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1869: 649 (1869)Isoetes multiangularis Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 22:

449 (1890)

Botrychium ternatum var. erosum (J. Milde) J.Milde, Verh. K. K. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 18:509 (1868)

Botrychium australe var. erosum (J. Milde) Prantl,Jahrb. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 340 (1884)

Botrychium cicutarium var. virginicum (Hook, f.)W. L. Lindsay, Contrib. N.Z. Bot. 39 (1868)

Botrychium australe var. typicum R. T. Clausen,Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19: 38 (1938)

Botrychium virginicum auct. non Willd. (1810):Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 50(1854)

Botrychium cicutarium auctt. non Swartz (1806):Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 387 (1864); J. B.Armstr. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 13: 368 (1881)

Botrychium ternatum auctt. non Swartz (1802): F.Muell. Veg. Chatham Isl. 63 (1864); G. Thom-son, Ferns N.Z. 99 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 157(1890); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1029 (1906);Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns, ed. 2, 384 (1921); Dobbie,N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 436 (1931)

Botrychium biforme Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 18: 223(1886)

Sceptridium biforme (Col.) H. Lyon, Bot. Gaz. 40:457 (1905)

Botrychium australe var. millefolium (F. Hochst.ex J. Milde) Prantl, Jahrb. KOnigl. Bot. Gart.Berlin 3: 341 (1884)

Botrychium cicutarium Swartz var. dissectumHook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 387 (1864), non A.Gray (1848)

Botrychium ternatum (Thunb.) Swartz var. dis-sectum G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 99 (1882)

Botrychium dissectum auct. non Sprengel (1804):J. B. Armstr. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 13: 368 (1881)

Botrychium lunaria (L.) Swartz, J. Bot. (Schrader)1800(2): 110(1801)

Osmunda lunaria L. Sp. PI. 2: 1064 (1753)

EQUISETOPSIDAEQUISETACEAEEQUISETUM L.*Equisetum arvense L. Sp. PI. 2: 1061 (1753)

FILICOPSIDAOPHIOGLOSSACEAEBOTRYCHIUM SwartzBotrychium australe R. Br. Prodr. 164 (1810)

Sceptridium australe (R. Br.) H. Lyon, Bot. Gaz.40: 457 (1905)

Botrychium ternatum var. australe (R. Br.) Domin,Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 224 (1915)

Botrychium erosum J. Milde, Bot. Zeitung (Ber-lin) 22: 102 (1864)

OPHIOGLOSSUM L.Ophioglossum coriaceum A. Cunn. Companion Bot.

Mag. 2: 361 (1837)Ophioglossum lusitanicum L. subsp. coriaceum (A.

Cunn.) R. T. Clausen, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club19: 161 (1938)

The following names probably also apply to thisspecies, but their use by different authors needschecking:

Ophioglossum lusitanicum L.: J. B. Armstr. Trans.N.Z. Inst. 13: 368 (1881); G. Thomson, FernsN.Z. 98 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 155 (1890);Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1027 (1906); Dobbie,Ferns N.Z. ed. 2, 378 (1921); Dobbie, N.Z. Fernsed. 3, 430 (1931)

Ophioglossum vulgatum L. var. lusitanicumHook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 50(1854)

AHMAD

Highlight


Ophioglossum gramineum Willd.: J. B. Armstr.Trans. N.Z. Inst. 13: 368 (1881)

Ophioglossum vulgatum L. var. gramineumHook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 50(1854)

Ophioglossum vulgatum L. var. minimum Hook. f.Fl. N.Z. 2: 50 (1854)

Ophioglossum minimum J. B. Armstr. Trans. N.Z.Inst. 13: 342 (1881)

Ophioglossum petiolatum Hook. Exot. Fl. 1: t. 56(1823)

Ophioglossum elongatum R. Cunn. ex A. Cunn.Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 361 (1837)

Ophioglossum pedunculosum auctt. non Desv.(1811): Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 93 (1925);Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 10 (1951); Allan, Fl.N.Z. 1: 14 (1961); Crookes, N.Z. Ferns ed. 6, 10(1963)

The following names probably also apply to thisspecies but their use by different authors needschecking:

Ophioglossum vulgatum L.; G. Thomson, FernsN.Z. 98 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 155 (1890);Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1028 (1906); Dobbie,N.Z. Ferns ed. 2, 380 (1921); Dobbie, N.Z. Fernsed. 3, 432 (1931)

Ophioglossum vulgatum L. var. pedunculosum(Desv.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 221 (1915)

The occurrence of the following taxa in NewZealand requires further investigation:

Ophioglossum reticulatum L. Sp. PL 2: 1063 (1753)Ophioglossum costatum R. Br. Prodr. 163 (1810)Ophioglossum vulgatum L. var. costatum (R. Br.)

Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 50(1854)

MARATTIACEAEMARATTIA SwartzMarattia salicina J. E. Smith in Rees, Cyclop. 22:

s.n. (1812)Marattia fraxinea auctt. non J. E. Smith (1790):

J. B. Armstr. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 13: 368 (1881);G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 97 (1882); Field, FernsN.Z. 153 (1890); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1026(1906); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 2, 374 (1921);Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 92 (1925); Dob-bie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 426 (1931)

OSMUNDACEAELEPTOPTERIS C. PreslLeptopteris hymenophylloides (A. Rich.) C. Presl,

Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 71 (1846)Todea hymenophylloides A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z.

97, t. 16 (1832)Osmunda hymenophylloides (A. Rich.) J. B.

Armstr. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 13: 368 (1881)

Todea pellucida Carmich. ex Grev. et Hook. Bot.Misc. 3: 232 (1833)

Todea marginata Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 29: 419(1897)

Leptopteris marginata (Col.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 390(1906)

Leptopteris superba (Col.) C. Presl. GefassbilndelFarrn 18 (1847)

Todea superba Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 2: 188(1845)

Osmunda superba (Col.) J. B. Armstr. Trans. N.Z.Inst. 13: 368 (1881)

Leptopteris X intermedia (Andre) Brownsey, N.Z.J. Bot. 19: 351 (1981)

Todea intermedia Andre, 111. Hort. 24: 141, t. 290(1877)

OSMUNDA L.*Osmunda regalis L. Sp. PL 2: 1065 (1753)

TODEA Willd. ex Bernh.Todea barbara (L.) T. Moore, Index Fil. cxix, 7

(1857)Acrostichum barbarum L. Sp. PI. 2: 1072 (1753)Osmunda barbara (L.) Thunb. Prodr. PL Cap. 171

(1800)Todea africana Willd. ex Bernh. J. Bot. (Schrader)

1800(2): 126 (1802)Todea rivularis Sieber ex Kunze, Analecta Pteri-

dogr. 7, t. 4(1837)

SCHIZAEACEAELYGODIUM SwartzLygodium articulatum A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 96,

t. 15 (1832)Lygodium gracilescens Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 28:

620 (1896)

SCHIZAEA J. E. SmithSchizaea australis Gaudich. Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris)

5: 98 (1825)Schizaea ftstulosa var. australis (Gaudich.)

Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 749 (1867)Microschizaea australis (Gaudich.) C. Reed, Bol.

Soc. Brot. Ser. II, 21: 134 (1947)Schizaea palmata Hombron, Voy. Pole Sud, Bot.

t. 4z (1843)Schizaea bifida Willd. Abh. Kurfustl. - Mainz.

Akad. Niitzl. Wiss. Erfurt 2(6): 30, t. 3, f. 3 (1802)Schizaea asperula Wakef. Victoria Naturalist 59:

89 (1942)Schizaea dichotoma (L.) J. E. Smith, Mem. Acad.

Roy. Sci. Turin 5: 419, t. 9 (1793)Acrostichum dichotomum L. Sp. PL 2: 1068 (1753)


Osmunda dichotoma (L.) Sprengel, J. Bot.(Schrader) 1799 (2): 268 (1800)

Ripidium dichotomum (L.) Bernh. J. Bot.(Schrader) 1800 (2): 127, t. 2, f. 3 (1802)

Schizaea dichotoma (L.) J. E. Smith var. forsteri(Sprengel) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 207(1915)

Schizaea fistulosa Labill. Nov. Holl. PI. 2: 103, t.250, f. 3 (1807)

Microschizaea fistulosa (Labill.) C. Reed, Bol. Soc.Brot. Ser. II, 21: 134 (1947)

Schizaea propinqua A. Cunn. Companion Bot.Mag. 2: 362 (1837)

Schizaea fistulosa var. propinqua (A. Cunn.)Bonap. Notes Pterid. 13: 289 (1921)

PTERIDACEAEADIANTUM L.Adiantum aethiopicum L. Syst. Nat. ed. X, 2: 1329

(1759)Adiantum assimile Swartz, J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800

(2): 83 (1802)Adiantum trigonum Labill. Nov. Holl. PI. 2: 99,

t. 248, f. 2 (1807)"Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Sp. PI. 2: 1096 (1753)Adiantum affine Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 448 (1810)

Adiantum cunninghamii Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 52, t. 86a(1851)

Adiantum trapeziforme Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 84(1786), non L. (1753)

Adiantum formosum R. Br. var. cunninghamii(Hook.) F. Muell. Veg. Chatham Isl. 72 (1864)

Adiantum affine Willd. var. chathamicum Field,Ferns N.Z. 81 (1890)

Adiantum pullum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 25: 319(1893)

Adiantum affine Willd. var. pullum (Col.) Domin,Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 150 (1915)

Adiantum affine auctt. non Willd. (1810): G.Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 53 (1882); Field, FernsN.Z. 80 (1890); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 963(1906); Dobbie, Ferns N.Z. ed. 2, 136 (1921);Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 73 (1925); Dob-bie, N. Z. Ferns ed. 3, 156 (1931); Dobbie, N.Z.Ferns ed. 4, 218 (1951)

Adiantum formosum auctt. non. R. Br. (1810): A.Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 88 (1832); A. Cunn. Com-panion Bot. Mag. 2: 366 (1837); Raoul, ChoixPI. N.Z. 38 (1846)

The following taxon requires further study:Adiantum affine Willd. var. heterophyllum Col.

Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20: 218 (1888)Adiantum diaphanum Blume, Enum. PI. Javae 215

(1828)

Adiantum setulosum J. Smith, Companion Bot.Mag. New Ser. 2: 22 (1846)

Adiantum tuberosum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20:217 (1888)

Adiantum polymorphum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20:215 (1888)

Adiantum diaphanum var. polymorphum (Col.)Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 961 (1906)

Adiantum affine auctt. non Willd. (1810): A. Rich.Essai Fl. N.Z. 87 (1832); A. Cunn. CompanionBot. Mag. 2: 366 (1837); Raoul, Choix PI. N.Z.38 (1846); Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 20 (1854); Hook. f.Handb. N.Z. Fl. 360 (1864)

Adiantum formosum R. Br. Prodr. 155 (1810)Adiantum fulvum Raoul, Choix PI. N.Z. 9 (1846)Adiantum hispidulum Swartz, J. Bot. (Schrader)

1800(2): 82(1802)The relationship of this species to the followingtaxon requires further investigation:Adiantum pedatum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 83

(1786), non L. (1753)Adiantum pubescens Schkuhr, Krypt. Gew. 1: 108,

t. 116 (1809), nom. nov. pro Adiantum pedatumForst. f.

* Adiantum raddianum C. Presl, Tent. Pterid. 158(1836)

Adiantum cuneatum Langsd. et F. Fischer, PI. Voy.Russes Monde, Icon. Fil. 23, t. 26 (1818), nonForst. f. (1786)

? Adiantum cunneipinnulum Nair et Ghosh, ActaBot. Indica 2: 78 (1974)

Adiantum viridescens Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 27: 400(1895)

ANOGRAMMA LinkAnogramma leptophylla (L.) Link, Fil. Sp. 137 (1841)

Polypodium leptophyllum L. Sp. PI. 2: 1092 (1753)Asplenium leptophyllum (L.) Swartz, Obs. Bot. 403

(1791)Osmunda leptophylla (L.) Savigny in Lam. Encycl.

4: 657 (1798)Acrostichum leptophyllum (L.) Lam. et DC. Fl.

Franc. 2: 565 (1805)Grammitis leptophylla (L.) Swartz, Syn. Fil. 218

(1806)Gymnogramma leptophylla (L.) Desv. Ges. Naturf.

Freunde Berlin Mag. 5: 305 (1811)Hemionitis leptophylla (L.) Lagasca, Gen. Sp. PI.

33 (1816)Pityrogramma leptophylla (L.) Domin, Spisy Pfir.

Fak. Karlovy Univ. 88: 9 (1928)Gymnogramma novae-zelandiae Col. Tasmanian

J. Nat. Sci. 2: 165 (1845)


CHEILANTHES SwartzCheilanthes disians (R. Br.) Mett. Abh. Sencken-

berg. Naturf. Ges. 3: 69 (1859)Notholaena distans R. Br. Prodr. 146 (1810)

Cheilanthes sieberi Kunze in Lehmann, PL Preiss.2: 112 (1846)

Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Burm. f.) Swartz var. sie-beri (Kunze) Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 362 (1864)

Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Burm. f.) Swartz subsp.sieberi (Kunze) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 140(1915)

The New Zealand species of Cheilanthes are in needof investigation, including the following nameswhich have been applied to local material:

Trichomanes tenuifolia Burm. f. Fl. Indica 237(1768)

Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Burm. f.) Swartz, Syn. Fil.129, 332 (1806)

Cheilanthes preissiana Kunze in Lehmann, PI.Preiss. 2: 112(1846)

Cheilanthes ambigua Brackenr. U.S. Expl. Exped.,Filic. 91 (1854), non A. Rich. (1832)

Cheilanthes kirkii J. B. Armstr. Trans. N.Z. Inst.13: 360 (1881), non Hook. (1861), nom. nov.pro Cheilanthes tenuifolia Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst.6: 248 (1874), non Swartz (1806)

Cheilanthes sieberi Kunze var. deltoidea J. B.Armstr. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 12: 346 (1880), nom.nov. pro Cheilanthes tenuifolia Kirk (1874), nonSwartz (1806)

Cheilanthes venosa Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 25: 321(1893)

Cheilanthes erecta Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 28: 619(1896)

Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Quirk et Chambers,Austral. J. Bot. 31: 510 (1983)

PELLAEA LinkPellaea falcata (R. Br.) Fee, Gen. Fil. 129 (1852)

Pteris falcata R. Br. Prodr. 154 (1810)Platyloma falcata (R. Br.) J. Smith, J. Bot.

(Hooker) 4: 160 (1841)Allosorus falcatus (R. Br.) Kunze, Index Fil. 10

(1850)Pteris seticaulis Hook. Icon. PL 3: t. 207 (1839)

Pellaea rotundifolia (Forst. f.) Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 136(1858)

Pteris rotundifolia Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 79 (1786)Platyloma rotundifolia (Forst. f.) J. Smith, J. Bot.

(Hooker) 4: 160 (1841)Allosorus rotundifolia (Forst. f.) Kunze, Index Fil.

10(1850)The following taxon requires further investigation:Pellaea rotundifolia var. oblongifolia Hook. Sp.

Fil. 2: 136 (1858)

PTERIS L.Pteris comans Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 79 (1786)Litobrochia comans (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Tent.

Pterid. 149 (1836)*Pteris cretica L. Mant. PL 130 (1767)Pteris lomarioides Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 13: 380

(1881)Pteris macilenta A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 82, t. 12

(1832)Litobrochia macilenta (A. Rich.) J. Smith, J. Bot.

(Hooker) 4: 163 (1841)Pteris pendula Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20: 218 (1888)Pteris macilenta var. pendula (Col.) Cheesem.

Man. N.Z. Fl. 973 (1906)Pteris saxatilis Carse, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 59: 315

(1928)Pteris macilenta var. saxatilis Carse, Trans. N.Z.

Inst. 51: 95 (1919)Pteris tremula R. Br. Prodr. 154 (1810)

Pteris affinis A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 81 (1832)Pteris tenuis A. Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2:

365 (1837)Pteris tremula R. Br. var. tenuis (A. Cunn.) Domin,

Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 156 (1915)The following taxon requires further investigation:Pteris novae-zelandiae Field, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 38:

497 (1906)

GLEICHENIACEAEDICRANOPTERIS Bernh.Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) L. Underw. Bull.

Torrey Bot. Club 34: 250 (1907)Polypodium lineare Burm. f. Fl. Indica 235, t. 67,

f. 2(1768)Gleichenia linearis (Burm. f.) C. B. Clarke, Trans.

Linn. Soc. London, Bot. Ser. II, 1: 428 (1880)Mertensia linearis (Burm. f.) Fritsch, Bull. Herb.

BoissierSer. II, 1: 1092 (1901)Polypodium dichotomum Thunb. Fl. Jap. 338, t.

37 (1784)Mertensia dichotoma (Thunb.) Willd. Kongl.

Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 25: 167 (1804)Dicranopteris dichotoma (Thunb.) Bernh. Neues

J. Bot. 1(2): 38 (1805)Gleichenia dichotoma (Thunb.) Hook. Sp. Fil. 1:

12 (1844)Gleichenia hermanni R. Br. Prodr. 161 (1810)Mertensia hermanni (R. Br.) Poiret in Lam.

Encycl. Suppl. 3: 670 (1814)

GLEICHENIA J. E. SmithGleichenia dicarpa R. Br. Prodr. 161 (1810)Mertensia dicarpa (R. Br.) Poiret, Encycl. Suppl.

3: 670(1814)


Platyzoma dicarpum (R. Br.) Desv. Mem. Soc.Linn. Paris 6: 199 (1827)

Calymella dicarpa (R. Br.) C. Presl, GefassbiindelFarm 30 (1847)

The presence of Gleichenia dicarpa in New Zealandneeds confirmation. If the new Zealand plant isshown to be distinct from G. dicarpa elsewhere,then the name G. hecistophylla would be a possiblealternative. The following combinations have beenproposed:

Gleichenia hecistophylla A. Cunn. Companion Bot.Mag. 2: 361 (1837)

Gleichenia semi-vestita Labill. var. hecistophylla(A. Cunn.) Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 5 (1854)

Gleichenia circinnata Swartz var. hecistophylla (A.Cunn.) Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 348 (1864)

Gleichenia dicarpa R. Br. var. hecistophylla (A.Cunn.) G. Schneider, Book Choice Ferns 2: 219(1893)

Gleicheniastrum hecistophyllum (A. Cunn.) Nakai,Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. 29: 44 (1950)

Gleichenia dicarpa R. Br. var. major T. Moore,Index Fil. 375 (1862)

Gleicheniastrum hecistophyllum (A. Cunn.) Nakaivar. majus (T. Moore) Nakai, Bull. Natl. Sci.Mus. 29: 44 (1950)

The status of an upland form closely related to G.dicarpa needs further investigation both here andin Australia. The following combinations have beenproposed:

Gleichenia alpina R. Br. Prodr. 161 (1810)Mertensia alpina (R. Br.) Poiret, Encycl. Suppl. 3:

670 (1814)Platyzoma alpinum (R. Br.) Desv. Mem. Soc.

Linn. Paris 6: 199 (1827)Calymella alpina (R. Br.) C. Presl, Tent. Pterid.

49 (1836)Gleichenia dicarpa R. Br. var. alpina (R. Br.)

Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 5 (1854)Gleichenia circinata Swartz var. alpina (R. Br.)

Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 44 (1951)The following name also requires furtherinvestigation:

Calymella major Nakai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. 29:41 (1950)

Gleichenia microphylla R. Br. Prodr. 161 (1810)Mertensia microphylla (R. Br.) Kaulf. Enum. Fil.

41 (1824)Calymella microphylla (R. Br.) C. Presl, Tent.

Pterid. 49 (1836)Gleicheniastrum microphyllum (R. Br.) C. Presl,

Gefassbiindel Farm 30 (1847)Gleichenia semi-vestita Labill. Sert. Austro-Cale-

don. 8, t. 11 (1824)Gleicheniastrum semi-vestitum (Labill.) C. Presl,

Gefassbiindel Farm 30 (1847)

Gleichenia circinnata Swartz var. semi-vestita(Labill.) T. Moore, Index Fil. 374 (1862)

Gleichenia microphylla R. Br. var. semi-vestita(Labill.) Alderw. Malayan Fems Fern Allies 80(1917)

Calymella semi-vestita (Labill.) Ching, Suny-atsenia 5: 288 (1940)

Gleicheniastrum microphyllum var. semi-vestitum(Labill.) Nakai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. 29: 45(1950)

The following taxa require further investigation:Gleichenia speluncae R. Br. var. glandulosa T.

Moore, Index Fil. 383 (1862)Gleichenia punctulata Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 16:

344 (1884)Gleichenia patens Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20: 212

(1888)Gleichenia circinnata Swartz var. patens (Col.)

Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 202 (1915)Gleichenia circinnata Swartz var. mendellii T.

Moore ex G. Schneider, Book Choice Ferns 2:216, f. 48 (1893)

Gleicheniastrum circinnatum (Swartz) Nakai var.mendellii (T. Moore) Nakai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus.29: 44(1950)

The following name (and combinations based onthe same type) also requires further investigationbut is probably best abandoned as a nomen ambig-uum (see p.439):Gleichenia circinnata Swartz, J. Bot. (Schrader)

1800 (2): 107 (1802)

STICHERUS C. PreslSticherm cunninghamii (Heward ex Hook.) Ching,

Sunyatsenia 5: 283 (1940)Gleichenia cunninghamii Heward ex Hook. Sp.

Fil. 1: 6, t. 6b (1844)Mertensia cunninghamii (Heward ex Hook.) J.

Smith, London J. Bot. 2: 381 (1843)Gleichenia ciliata Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 29: 414

(1897)Sticherus ciliatus (Col.) Nakai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus.

29: 41 (1950)Gleichenia cunninghamii Heward ex Hook. var.

montanum Dobbie, N.Z. Fems ed. 3, 398, f. 142a(1931)

Sticherus flabellatus (R. Br.) H. St. John. Occas.Pap. B. P. Bishop Mus. 17: 81 (1942)

Gleichenia jlabellata R. Br. Prodr. 161 (1810)Mertensia flabellata (R. Br.) Poiret in Lam. Encycl.

Suppl. 3: 670 (1814)Gleichenia littoralis Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 16: 344

(1884)


GRAMMITIDACEAEANARTHROPTERIS Copel.Anarthropteris lanceolata (J. Smith ex Hook, f.)

Pichi Serm. Webbia 29: 13 (1975)Dictyopteris lanceolata J. Smith, J. Bot. (Hooker)

4: 64 (1841), nom. nud.Dictymia lanceolata J. Smith ex Hook. f. Fl. N.Z.

2: 43 (1854)Anarthropteris lanceolata (J. Smith) L. Moore in

Allan, Fl. N.Z. 1: 1010 (1961), nom. illeg.Polypodium dictyopteris Mett. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.

Ser. IV, 15: 77 (1861)Loxogramme dictyopteris (Mett.) Copel. Univ.

Calif. Publ. Bot. 14: 369 (1929)Anarthropteris dictyopteris (Mett.) Copel. Gen. Fil.

218 (1947)Polypodium cunninghamii Hook. Sp. Fil. 5: 58

(1864)Polypodium attenuatum auctt. non R. Br. (1810):

A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 62 (1832); A. Cunn.Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 362 (1837); Raoul,Choix PI. N.Z. 37 (1846)

CTENOPTERIS Blume ex KunzeCtenopteris heterophylla (Labill.) Tindale, Amer.

Fern J. 41: 100 (1951)Grammitis heterophylla Labill. Nov. Holl. PL 2:

90, t. 239 (1807)Xiphopteris heterophylla (Labill.) Sprengel, Syst.

Veg. 4: 44 (1827)Polypodium grammitidis R. Br. Prodr. 147 (1810)Grammitis grammitidis (R. Br.) Keys. Polyp.

Herb. Bunge. 34 (1873)Ctenopteris grammitidis (R. Br.) J. Smith, Hist.

Fil. 185 (1875)Gymnogramma billardieri Kaulf. Wesen Far-

renkr. 81 (1827)Polypodium billardieri (Kaulf.) Fee, Gen. Fil. 236

(1852), non R. Br. (1810)

GRAMMITIS SwartzGrammitis billardieri Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 139 (1810)Polypodium billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. Index Fil.

513 (1906), non R. Br. (1810)Grammitis australis R. Br. Prodr. 146 (1810)Polypodium australe (R. Br.) Mett. Abh. Senck-

enberg. Naturf. Ges. 2: 36 (1856), non Fee (1852)Grammitis humilis Hombron, Voy. Pole Sud, Bot.

t. 2h (1843)Grammitis ciliata Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 2:

166 (1845)Polypodium australe (R. Br.) Mett. var. ciliata

(Col.) Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 1 (ed. 2): 98 (1875)Grammitis australis R. Br. var. villosa Hook. f. Fl.

N.Z. 2: 44 (1854)

Polypodium australe (R. Br.) Mett. var. villosum(Hook, f.) Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1010 (1906)

Polypodium billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. var. vil-losum (Hook, f.) Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2,80 (1925)

Polypodium paradoxum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 14:336(1882)

Grammitis givenii Parris in Parris et Given, N.Z.J. Bot. 14: 96 (1976)

Grammitis magellanica Desv. Ges. Naturf. FreundeBerlin Mag. 5: 313 (1811) subsp. magellanica

Polypodium magellanicum (Desv.) J. W. Sturm,Enum. PL Vase. Crypt. Chil. 12 (1858)

Polypodium billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. var.magellanicum (Desv.) C. Chr. Ark. Bot. 10: 15(1910)

Grammitis billardieri Willd. var. magellanica(Desv.) Sota, Opera Lilloana 5: 205 (1960)

Asplenium angustifolium Jacq. Collectanea 1:121(1787)

Polypodium gramineum Poiret in Lam. Encycl. 5:511 (1804), non Swartz (1788)

Grammitis araucana Philippi, Linnaea 33: 304(1864)

Grammitis magellanica Desv. subsp. nothofagetiParris in Parris et Given, N.Z. J. Bot. 14: 100(1976)

Grammitis patagonica (C. Chr.) Parris in Parris etGiven, N.Z. J. Bot. 14: 108 (1976)

Polypodium patagonicum C. Chr. Ark. Bot. 10: 15(1910)

Grammitis ciliata sensu Sota, Opera Lilloana 5:209 (1960), non Col. (1846)

Grammitis poeppigiana (Mett.) Pichi Serm. Webbia32: 461 (1978)

Polypodium poeppigianum Mett. Abh. Sencken-berg. Naturf. Ges. 2: 37 (1856)

Grammitis nana Brackenr. U.S. Expl. Exped.,Filic. 1 (1854), non Fee (1853)

Grammitis australis R. Br. var. alpina S. Jones,Handb. Ferns N.Z. 31 (1861)

Grammitis pumila J. B. Armstr. Trans. N.Z. Inst.13: 341 (1881), non Swartz (1806)

Polypodium australe (R. Br.) Mett. var. pumilum(J. B. Armstr.) Cockayne, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 36:325 (1904) — as P. australe pumila

Polypodium pumilum (J. B. Armstr.) Cockayne,Rep. Bot. Survey Stewart Is. 47 (1909)

Polypodium billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. var. pum-ilum (J. B. Armstr.) Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed.2, 80(1925)

Polypodium crassium Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 17:232 (1885)

Grammitis australis R. Br. var. nana Franchet,Mission Sci. Cap Horn (Bot.) 5: 397 (1889)


Polypodium billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. forma nana(Franchet) Skottsb. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskap-sakad. Handl. 56(5): 167 (1916)

Grammitis armstrongii Tindale, Contr. New SouthWales Natl. Herb. 3: 88 (1961)

Grammitis kerguelenensis Tard. Adansonia 2: 114(1962)

Grammitis pseudociliata Parris in Parris et Given,N.Z. J. Bot. 14: 106 (1976)

Grammitis rawlingsii Parris in Parris et Given, N.Z.J. Bot. 14: 105 (1976)

Grammitis rigida Hombron, Voy. Pole Sud, Bot. t.2f(1843)

Grammitis crassa Fee, Gen. Fil. 234, t. 1 (1852)Polypodium australe (R. Br.) Mett. var. rigida

(Hombron) Cockayne, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 36: 325(1904) — as P. australe rigida

Polypodium billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. var. rigi-dum (Hombron) Cockayne, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 40:305 (1908)

POLYPODIACEAEPHYMATOSORUS Pichi Serm.Phymatosorus diversifolius (Willd.) Pichi Serm.

Webbia 28: 459 (1973)Polypodium diversifolium Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 166

(1810)Microsorium diversifolium (Willd.) Copel. Univ.

Calif. Publ. Bot. 16: 114 (1929)Pleopeltis diversifolia (Willd.) Melvaine, Proc.

Linn. Soc. New South Wales 61: 120 (1936)Phymatodes diversifolium (Willd.) Pichi Serm.

Webbia 8: 222 (1951)Polypodium scandens Labill. Nov. Holl. PL 2: 91,

t. 240 (1807), non Forst. f. (1786)Polypodium billardieri R. Br. Prodr. 147 (1810)Phymatodes billardieri (R. Br.) C. Presl, Tent.

Pterid. 196 (1836)Chrysopteris billardieri (R. Br.) Link, Fil. Sp. 123

(1841)Drynaria billardieri (R. Br.) J. Smith, Companion

Bot. Mag. New Ser. 2: 14 (1846)Pleopeltis billardieri (R. Br.) T. Moore, Index Fil.

lxxviii (1857)Polypodium scandens Forst. f. var. billardieri (R.

Br.) F. Muell. Veg. Chatham Isl. 69 (1864)Polypodium phymatodes auct. non L. (1771): A.

Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 66 (1832)The following taxa require further investigation:

Polypodium viride Gilbert, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club26: 316 (1899)

Polypodium vulgare var. auritum Gilbert, Bull.Torrey Bot. Club 26: 317 (1899)

Phymatosorus novae-zelandiae (Baker) Pichi Serm.Webbia 28: 459 (1973)

Polypodium novae-zelandiae Baker in Hook. Icon.PI. 17: t. 1674 (1886)

Microsorium novae-zelandiae (Baker) Copel. Gen.Fil. 196 (1947)

Phymatodes novae-zelandiae (Baker) Pichi Serm.Webbia 8: 222 (1951)

IPolypodium pustulatum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr.81 (1786), nomen ambiguum — see Pichi Serm.Webbia 8: 212 (1951)

Phymatosorus scandens (Forst. f.) Pichi Serm.Webbia 28: 459 (1973)

Polypodium scandens Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 81(1786)

Phymatodes scandens (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Tent.Pterid. 196 (1836)

Drynaria scandens (Forst. f.) Fee, Gen. Fil. 271(1852)

Microsorium scandens (Forst. f.) Tindale, Amer.Fern. J. 50: 241 (1960)

Polypodium pustulatum auctt. non Forst. f. (1786):A. Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 363 (1837);Raoul, Choix PL N.Z. 37 (1846); Hook. f. Handb.N.Z. Fl. 382 (1864); G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z.89 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 141 (1890); Chee-sem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1013 (1906); Dobbie, N.Z.Ferns ed. 2, 322 (1921); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl.ed. 2, 81 (1925); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 372(1931)

Phymatodes pustulata auct. non C. Presl (1836):Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 42 (1854)

Microsorium pustulatum auct. non Copel (1947):Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 369 (1951)

POLYPODIUM L.*Polypodium vulgare L. Sp. PI. 1085 (1753)

PYRROSIA MirbelPyrrosia serpens (Forst. f.) Ching, Bull. Chin. Bot.

Soc. 1: 49 (1935) — as P. serpensisPolypodium serpens Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 81

(1786)Polypodium eleagnifolium Bory in Duperrey, Voy.

Monde, Crypt. 259, t. 31, f. 1 (1829)Polypodium stellatum Vahl, sensu A. Rich. Essai

Fl. N.Z. 64 (1832)Niphobolus serpens (Forst. f.) Endl. Prodr. Fl.

Norfolk. 8 (1833)Craspedaria serpens (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Epimel.

Bot. 263 (1851)Cyclophorus serpens (Forst. f.) C. Chr. Index Fil.

201 (1905)Niphobolus bicolor Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 128 (1824)Polypodium bicolor (Kaulf.) Mett. Abh. Senck-

enberg. Naturf. Ges. 2: 125 (1856)


Pyrrosia bicolor (Kaulf.) Ching, Bull. Chin. Bot.Soc. 1: 49 (1935)

Polypodium rupestre R. Br. var. sinuatum Col.Trans. N.Z. Inst. 17: 257 (1885)

Polypodium rupestre auct. non R. Br. (1810):Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 381 (1864)

Niphobolus rupestris auctt. non Sprengel (1827):A. Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 363 (1837);Hook. f. FL N.Z. 2: 44 (1854); Raoul, Choix PI.N.Z. 37 (1846)

HYMENOPHYLLACEAEHYMENOPHYLLUM J. E. SmithHymenophyllum armstrongii (Baker) Kirk, Trans.

N.Z. Inst. 10: app. p. 43, t. 21a (1878)Trichomanes armstrongii Baker ex Hook, et Baker,

Syn. Fil. 452 (1868)Microtrichomanes armstrongii (Baker) Copel.

Philipp. J. Sci. 73: 457 (1941)Craspedophyllum armstrongii (Baker) Rae ex

Copel. Gen. Fil. 33 (1947)Hymenophyllum cheesemanii var. armstrongii

(Baker) Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 938 (1906)Hymenophyllum cheesemanni Baker in Hook. f.

Icon. PI. 12: 30, t. 1132(1873)Craspedophyllum cheesemanii (Baker) Wakef.

Victoria Naturalist 66: 59 (1949)Hymenophyllum melanocheilos Col. Trans. N.Z.

Inst. 17: 255 (1885)Hymenophyllum atrovirens Col. Tasmanian J. Nat.

Sci. 2: 186 (1845)Mecodium atrovirens (Col.) Copel. Philipp. J. Sci.

73: 457 (1941)Hymenophyllum javanicum Sprengel var. atrovi-

rens (Col.) Hook, et Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 2, 60(1874)

Hymenophyllum australe Willd. var. atrovirens(Col.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 357 (1905)

Hymenophyllum montanum Kirk, Trans. N.Z.Inst. 10: 394, t. 21b (1878)

Mecodium montanum (Kirk) Copel. Philipp. J. Sci.67: 22 (1938)

This species complex requires further investigationboth here and in Australia. The following nameshave been applied to New Zealand material:Hymenophyllum australe Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 527

(1810)Sphaerocionium australe (Willd.) C. Presl,

Hymenophyllaceae 35 (1844)Mecodium australe (Willd.) Copel. Philipp. J. Sci.

67: 24 (1938)Hymenophyllum crispatum Hook, et Grev. Icon.

Fil. 1: t. 77 (1828)Hymenophyllum neo-zelandicum Gand. Bull. Soc.

Bot. France 60: 28 (1913)

Hymenophyllum bivalve (Forst. f.) Swartz, J. Bot.(Schrader) 1800 (2): 99 (1802)

Trichomanes bivalve Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 84(1786)

Sphaerocionium bivalve (Forst. f.) C. Presl,Hymenophyllaceae 34 (1844)

Meringium bivalve (Forst. f.) Copel. Philipp. J. Sci.67: 44 (1938)

Hymenophyllum spathulatum Col. Tasmanian J.Nat. Sci. 2: 184 (1845)

Hymenophyllum pyriforme Bosch, Ned. Kruidk.Arch. 5(3): 173 (1863)

The following taxon requires further study:Trichomanes pacificum Hedw. Fil. Gen. Sp. s.n.

(1799)

Hymenophyllum cupressiforme Labill. Nov. Holl.PL 2: 102, t. 250, f. 2 (1807)

Hymenophyllum antarcticum C. Presl, Hymeno-phyllaceae 50, t. 12a (1844)

Hymenophyllum demissum (Forst. f.) Swartz, J. Bot.(Schrader) 1800(2): 100(1802)

Trichomanes demissum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 85(1786)

Sphaerocionium demissum (Forst. f.) C. Presl,Hymenophyllaceae 35 (1844)

Mecodium demissum (Forst. f.) Copel. Philipp. J.Sci. 67: 24 (1938)

Hymenophyllum aucklandicum Bosch, Ned.Kruidk. Arch. 4: 393 (1859)

Hymenophyllum australe Willd. var. aucklandi-cum (Bosch) C. Chr. Index Fil. 357 (1905)

The following Colenso names require furtherinvestigation:Hymenophyllum erecto-alatum Col. Trans. N.Z.

Inst. 11: 431 (1879)Hymenophyllum megalocarpum Col. Trans. N.Z.

Inst. 15: 308 (1883)Hymenophyllum demissum (Forst. f.) Swartz var.

megalocarpum (Col.) C. Chr. Index. Fil. 364(1905)

Hymenophyllum polychilum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst.24: 395 (1892)

Hymenophyllum demissum (Forst. f.) Swartz var.polychilum (Col.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85:24(1914)

Hymenophyllum dilatatum (Forst. f.) Swartz, J. Bot.(Schrader) 1800(2): 100 (1802)

Trichomanes dilatatum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 85(1786)

Sphaerocionium dilatatum (Forst. f.) C. Presl,Hymenophyllaceae 35 (1844)

Diplooephyllum dilatatum (Forst. f.) Bosch, Ver-slagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Akad.Wetensch. 11: 323 (1861)

Mecodium dilatatum (Forst. f.) Copel. Philipp. J.Sci. 67: 24 (1938)


Leptocionium sororium C. Presl, GesiassbtlndelFarm 28 (1847)

Hymenophyllum ferrugineum Colla, Herb. Pedem.6: 190 (1836)

Sphaerocionium ferrugineum (Colla) Copel. Phi-lipp. J. Sci. 67: 33 (1938)

Hymenophyllum subtilissimum Kunze, AnalectaPteridogr. 49 (1837)

Hymenophyllum frankliniae Col. Tasmanian J.Nat. Sci. 1: 378 (1843)

Hymenophyllum franklinianum Col. TasmanianJ. Nat. Sci. 2: 183 (1845)

Hymenophyllum aeruginosum (Poiret) Carmich.war. franklinianum (Col.) Hook. Sp. Fil. 1: 94(1844)

Sphaerocionium frankliniae (Col.) Iwatsuki, J. Fac.Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 13: 213 (1982)

Hymenophyllum aeruginosum auctt. non Car-mich. (1818): Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 15 (1854);Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 355 (1864)

Hymenophyllum flabellatum Labill. Nov. Holl. PI.2: 101, t. 250, f. 1 (1807)

Mecodium flabellatum (Labill.) Copel. Philipp. J.Sci. 67: 21 (1938)

Hymenophyllum nitens R. Br. Prodr. 159 (1810)

Hymenophyllum flexuosum A. Cunn. CompanionBot. Mag. 2: 369 (1837)

Mecodium flexuosum (A. Cunn.) Copel. Philipp.J. Sci. 67: 24 (1938)

Hymenophyllum australe Willd. var. flexuosum(A. Cunn.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 361 (1905)

The Hymenophyllum australe complex, to whichH. flexuosum and the following species belong,needs thorough investigation:Hymenophyllum javanicum Sprengel, Syst. Veg.

4: 132 (1827)

Hymenophyllum fyallii Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 16 (1854)Trichomanes lyallii (Hook, f.) Hook, ex Hook, et

Baker, Syn. Fil. 77 (1867)Sphaerocionium lyallii (Hook, f.) Copel. Philipp.

J. Sci. 67: 33 (1938)

Hymenophyllum malingii (Hook.) Mett. Abh. Math.Phys. Cl. Konigl. Sachs. Ges. Wiss. 7: 489, t. 1,f. 32 (1865)

Trichomanes malingii Hook. Gard. Ferns t. 64(1862)

Apteropteris malingii (Hook.) Copel. Philipp. J.Sci. 67: 35, t. 1 (1938)

Sphaerocionium malingii (Hook.) Iwatsuki, J. Fac.Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 13: 214 (1982)

Hymenophyllum minimum A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z.91, t. 14, f. 2 (1832)

Meringium minimum (A. Rich.) Copel. Philipp.J. Sci. 73: 457 (1941)

Hymenophyllum pygmaeum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst.13: 376(1881)

Hymenophyllum multifidum (Forst. f.) Swartz, J.Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 102 (1802)

Trichomanes multifidum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr.85 (1786)

Davallia multifidum (Forst. f.) Sprengel, J. Bot.(Schrader) 1799(2): 271 (1800)

Meringium multifidum (Forst. f.) Copel. Philipp.J. Sci. 67: 44 (1938)

Hymenophyllum truncatum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst.23: 390 (1891)

Hymenophyllum multifidum (Forst. f.) Swartz var.truncatum (Col.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85:25 (1914)

Hymenophyllum alpinum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst.31: 263 (1899)

Hymenophyllum multifidum (Forst. f.) Swartz var.alpinum (Col.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 25(1914)

Hymenophyllum oligocarpum Col. Trans. N.Z.Inst. 31: 264 (1899)

Hymenophyllum multifidum (Forst. f.) Swartz var.oligocarpum (Col.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85:25 (1914)

Hymenophyllum peltatum (Poiret) Desv. Mem. Soc.Linn. Paris 6: 333 (1827)

Trichomanes peltatum Poiret in Lam. Encycl. 8:76 (1808)

Hymenophyllum unilaterale Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 521(1810)

Hymenophyllum tunbridgense (L.) J. E. Smith var.unilaterale (Willd.) G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 36(1882)

Hymenophyllum meyeri C. Presl, Hymenophyl-laceae 50 (1844)

Hymenophyllum pulcherrimum Col. Tasmanian J.Nat. Sci. 2: 185 (1845)

Mecodium pulcherrimum (Col.) Copel. Philipp. J.Sci. 67: 24 (1938)

Hymenophyllum rarum R. Br. Prodr. 159 (1810)Mecodium rarum (R. Br.) Copel. Philipp. J. Sci.

67: 21 (1938)Hymenophyllum semibivalve Hook, et Grev. Icon.

Fil. 1: t. 83 (1828)Hymenophyllum imbricatum Col. Tasmanian J.

Nat. Sci. 2: 187 (1845), non Blume (1828)

Hymenophyllum revolutum Col. Tasmanian J. Nat.Sci. 2: 186 (1845)

Hymenophyllum zeelandicum Bosch, Ned. Kruidk.Arch. 5(3): 175 (1863)

Hymenophyllum pusillum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst.12: 365 (1880)


Hymenophyllum tunbridgense auctt. non J. E.Smith (1794): A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 91 (1832);A. Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 369 (1837);Raoul, Choix PL N.Z. 39 (1846); Hook. f. Fl.N.Z. 2: 11 (1854); Hook. f. Handb. Fl. N.Z. 352(1864); G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 35 (1882); Field,Ferns N.Z. 65 (1890); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl.939 (1906); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 2, 54 (1921);Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 13 (1925); Dob-bie, N.Z. Fems ed. 3, 64 (1931)

Hymenophyllum tunbridgense var. cupressiformeauctt. non Labill. (1807); Hook. Sp. Fil. 1: 95(1844); Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 11 (1854); Hook. f.Handb. N.Z. Fl. 353 (1864)

Hymenophyllum rufescens Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst.11: 457, t. 19a (1879)

Mecodium rufescens (Kirk) Copel. Philipp. J. Sci.67: 21 (1938)

Hymenophyllum sanguinolentum (Forst. f.) Swartz,J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800 (2): 101 (1802)

Trichomanes sanguinolentum Forst. f. Fl. Ins.Austr. 84 (1786)

Mecodium sanguinolentum (Forst. f.) C. Presl,Epimel. Bot. 258 (1851)

Sphaerocionium sanguinolentum (Forst. f.) C.Presl, Hymenophyllaceae 35 (1844)

Hymenophyllum polyanthos (Swartz) Swartz var.sanguinolentum (Forst. f.) Hook, ex Hook. f. Fl.N.Z. 2: 14 (1854)

Hymenophyllum lophocarpum Col. Trans. N.Z.Inst. 17: 255 (1885)

Hymenophyllum sanguinolentum (Forst. f.) Swartzvar. lophocarpum (Col.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot20, 85: 24 (1914)

Hymenophyllum cristulatum Rosenstock, FeddesRepert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 14 (1908)

Hymenophyllum polyanthos auctt. non Swartz(1802); Raoul, Choix PI. N.Z. 39 (1846); G.Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 38 (1882); Field, FernsN.Z. 58 (1890); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 2, 28(1921)

Hymenophyllum scabrum A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z.90, t. 14, f. 1 (1832)

Sphaerocionium scabrum (A. Rich.) C. Presl,Hymenophyllaceae 34 (1844)

Diplooephyllum scabrum (A. Rich.) Bosch, Ver-slagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Akad.Wetensch. 11: 323 (1861)

Mecodium scabrum (A. Rich.) Copel. Philipp. J.Sci. 67: 24 (1938)

Sphaerocionium glanduliferum C. Presl, Epimel.Bot. 22, t. 12 (1851)

The following Colenso variety requires furtherstudy:Hymenophyllum scabrum var. hirtum Col. Trans.

N.Z. Inst. 13: 379 (1881)

Hymenophyllum villosum Col. Tasmanian J. Nat.Sci. 2: 185 (1845)

Mecodium villosum (Col.) Copel. Philipp. J. Sci.67: 24 (1938)

TRICHOMANES L.Trichomanes colensoi Hook. f. in Hook. Icon. PI.

10: t. 979 (1854)Vandenboschia colensoi (Hook. f. ex Hook.) Copel.

Philipp. J. Sci. 67: 52 (1938)Trichomanes elongatum A. Cunn. Companion Bot.

Mag. 2: 368 (1837)Trichomanes rigidum Swartz var. elongatum (A.

Cunn.) Hook, et Baker, Syn. Fil. 86 (1868)Selenodesmium elongatum (A. Cunn.) Copel. Phi-

lipp. J. Sci. 67: 82 (1938)Trichomanes polyodon Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 28:

618 (1896)Trichomanes endlicherianum C. Presl, Gefa'ssbun-

del Farm 25 (1847)Crepidopteris endlicheriana (C. Presl) Copel. Phi-

lipp. J. Sci. 67: 58 (1938)Crepidophyllum endlicherianum (C. Presl) C.

Reed, Amer. Fern J. 38: 89 (1948)Reediella endlicheriana (C. Presl) Pichi Serm.

Webbia 24: 719 (1970)Trichomanes erectum Brackenr. U.S. Expl. Exped.,

Filic. 250, t. 36, f. 1 (1854)Trichomanes tenue Brackenr. U.S. Expl. Exped.,

Filic. 251, t. 36, f. 2 (1854)Trichomanes alternans Carruth. in Seemann, Fl.

Viti. 343 (1873)Trichomanes humile auctt. non Forst. f. (1786):

Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 16 (1854); Hook. f. Handb.N.Z. Fl. 356 (1864); G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z.46 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 70 (1890); Chee-sem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 944 (1906); Dobbie, FemsN.Z. ed. 2, 70 (1921); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl.ed. 2, 17 (1925); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 82(1931)

Trichomanes reniforme Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 84(1786)

Cardiomanes reniforme (Forst. f.) C. Presl,Hymenophyllaceae 13 (1844)

Trichomanes strictum Menzies ex Hook, et Grev.Icon. Fil. 2: t. 122 (1829)

Trichomanes rigidum Swartz var. strictum (Men-zies ex Hook, et Grev.) Field, Fems N.Z. 72(1890)

Macroglena stricta (Menzies ex Hook, et Grev.)Copel. Philipp. J. Sci. 67: 85 (1938)

Trichomanes leptophyllum A. Cunn. CompanionBot. Mag. 2: 368 (1837)


Trichomanes venosum R. Br. Prodr. 159 (1810)Phlebiophyllum venosum (R. Br.) Bosch, Versla-

gen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Akad.Wetensch. 11: 321 (1861)

Polyphlebium venosum (R. Br.) Copel. Philipp. J.Sci. 67: 55 (1938)

Trichomanes venustula Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 12:366 (1880)

DICKSONIACEAEDICKSONIA L'HeritierDicksonia fibrosa Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 2:

179 (1845)Balantium fibrosum (Col.) Fee, Gen. Fil. 341

(1852)Dicksonia antarctica Labill. var. fibrosa (Col.)

Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 10: app. xliii (1878)Dicksonia sparmanniana Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst.

12: 363 (1880)Dicksonia microcarpa Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20:

214(1888)Dicksonia fibrosa Col. var. microcarpa (Col.) C.

Chr. Index Fil. 221, 222 (1905)Dicksonia antarctica auctt. non Labill. (1807):

Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 9 (1854); Hook. f. Handb.N.Z. Fl. 351 (1864); G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z.31 (1882)

Dicksonia lanata Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 2: 181(1845)

Balantium lanatum (Col.) Fee, Gen. Fil. 341(1852)

The following variety requires further investigation:Dicksonia lanata var. hispida Col. Tasmanian J.

Nat. Sci. 2: 182 (1845)Dicksonia squarrosa (Forst. f.) Swartz, J. Bot.

(Schrader) 1800 (2): 90 (1802)Trichomanes squarrosum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr.

86 (1786)Balantium squarrosum (Forst. f.) Kunze, Index Fil.

11 (1850)Dicksonia gracilis Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 15: 306

(1883)Dicksonia squarrosa (Forst. f.) Swartz var. gracilis

(Col.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 221 (1905)

CYATHEACEAECYATHEA J. E. SmithCyathea colensoi (Hook, f.) Domin, Pterid. 262

(1929)Alsophila colensoi Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 8, t. 73

(1854)Cyathea cunninghamii Hook. f. in Hook. Icon. PI.

10: t. 985 (1854)

Alsophila cunninghamii (Hook. f. in Hook.) R.Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 200: 36 (1970)

Cyathea dealbata (Forst. f.) Swartz, J. Bot.(Schrader) 1800 (2): 94 (1802)

Polypodium dealbatum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 83(1786)

Cyathea tricolor Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 15: 304(1883)

Alsophila tricolor (Col.) R. Tryon, Contr. GrayHerb. 200: 37 (1970)

Cyathea dealbata var. tricolor (Col.) Domin, Bib-lioth. Bot. 20, 85: 27 (1914)

The following taxa require further study:Hemitelia falciloba Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 24: 394

(1892)Cyathea falciloba (Col.) Domin, Pterid. 264 (1929)

Cyathea kermadecensis W. R. B. Oliver, Trans. N.Z.Inst. 42: 158 (1910)

Alsophila kermadecensis (W. R. B. Oliver) R.Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 200: 37 (1970)

Cyathea medullaris (Forst. f.) Swartz, J. Bot.(Schrader) 1800 (2): 94 (1802)

Polypodium medullare Forst. f. PI. Esc. 74 (1786)Sphaeropteris medullaris (Forst. f.) Bernh. J. Bot.

(Schrader) 1800(2): 122 (1802)Cyathea medullaris (Forst. f.) Swartz var. integra

Hook. Sp. Fil. 1: 27 (1844)Cyathea polyneuron Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 11: 429

(1879)Cyathea medullaris var. polyneuron (Col.) C. Chr.

Index Fil. 194 (1905)Cyathea milnei Hook, ex Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl.

349 (1864)Alsophila milnei (Hook, ex Hook, f.) R. Tryon,

Contr. Gray Herb. 200: 37 (1970)Cyathea smithii Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 8, t. 72 (1854)Hemitelia smithii (Hook, f.) Hook, ex Hook, et

Baker, Syn. Fil. 31 (1865)Alsophila smithii (Hook, f.) R. Tryon, Contr. Gray

Herb. 200: 37 (1970)The following taxa require further investigation:Hemitelia stellulata Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 18: 222

(1886)Hemitelia microphylla Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 27:

399 (1895)Hemitelia smithii var. microphylla (Col.) Chee-

sem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 951 (1906)Cyathea novae-zelandiae Domin, Pterid. 264

(1929), nom. nov. pro Hemitelia microphyllaCol.

THELYPTERIDACEAECHRISTELLA LeveilleChristella dentata (Forsskal) Brownsey et Jermy,

Brit. Fern Gaz. 10: 338 (1973)


Polypodium dentatum Forsskal, Fl. Aegypt. Arab.185 (1775)

Dryopteris dentata (Forsskal) C. Chr. Kongel.Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Naturvidensk. Math.Afh. 6(1): 24 (1920)

Thelypteris dentata (Forsskal) E. St John, Amer.Fern J. 26: 44 (1936); Allan, Fl. N.Z. 1: 52 (1961)

Cydosorus dentatus (Forsskal) Ching, Bull. FanMem. Inst. Biol. 8: 206 (1938)

Polypodium nymphale Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 81(1786)

Aspidium nymphale (Forst. f.) Schkuhr, Krypt.Gew. 1: 36, t. 34 (1809)

Nephrodium nymphale (Forst. f.) Desv. Mem. Soc.Linn. Paris 6: 258 (1827)

Dryopteris nymphalis (Forst. f.) Copel. B. P. BishopMus. Bull. 59: 46 (1929)

Cydosorus nymphalis (Forst. f.) Ching, Bull. FanMem. Inst. Biol. 10: 247 (1941)

Thelypteris nymphalis (Forst. f.) C. Reed, Phyto-logia 17: 297 (1968)

Aspidium molle Swartz, J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 34 (1802), nom. nov. pro Polypodium molleJacq. (1789), non Schreber (1771), nee All. (1785)

Nephrodium molle (Swartz) R. Br. Prodr. 149(1810)

Dryopteris molle (Swartz) Hieron. Hedwigia 46:348 (1907)

Nephrodium remotum Heward, London J. Bot. 1:121 (1842)

Nephrodium molle Desv.; sensu Hook. f. Handb.N.Z. Fl. 377 (1864); G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z.84 (1882); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1006 (1906)

Dryopteris parasitica auct. non Kuntze (1891):Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 36 (1925)

CYCLOSORVS LinkCydosorus interruptus (Willd.) H. Ito, Bot. Mag.

(Tokyo) 51: 714, f. 9 (1937)Pteris interrupta Willd. Phytographia 13, t. 10, f.

1 (1794)Thelypteris interrupta Iwatsuki, J. Jap. Bot. 38: 314

(1963)Nephrodium propinquum R. Br. Prodr. 148 (1810)Nephrodium inaequilaterum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst.

20: 229(1888)Dryopteris gongylodes (Schkuhr) Kuntze var. gla-

bra (Mett.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 47(1914)

The following names as used by New Zealandauthors should also be included here:Nephrodium unitum R. Br. Prodr. 148 (1810):

Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 749 (1864); G. Thom-son, Ferns N.Z. 83 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 134(1890); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1005 (1906);Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 2, 298 (1921); Dobbie,N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 348 (1931)

Cydosorus gongylodes (Schkuhr) Link, Hort. Berol.2: 128 (1833): Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed 4, 266(1951); Crookes, Ferns N.Z. ed. 6, 262 (1963)

Nephrodium gongyloides (Schkuhr) Schott, Gen.Fil. t. 10 (1834): Carse, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 47: 84(1915)

Dryopteris gongylodes (Schkuhr) Kuntze, Revis.Gen. PI. 2: 811 (1891): Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl.ed. 2, 37 (1925)

Thelypteris gongylodes (Schkuhr) Small, Ferns S.E.States 248 (1938): Allan, Fl. N.Z. 1: 52 (1961)

MACROTHELYPTERIS (H. Ito) ChingMacrothelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) Ching, Acta

Phytotax. Sin. 8: 310 (1963)Polystichum torresianum Gaudich. in Freyc. Voy.

Uranie, Bot. 333 (1828)Lastrea torresiana (Gaudich.) T. Moore, Index Fil.

106 (1858)Thelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) Alston, Lilloa 30:

111 (1960)Aspidium uliginosum Kunze, Linnaea 20: 6 (1847)Dryopteris uliginosa (Kunze) C. Chr. Index Fil.

Suppl. 3: 100 (1934)Thelypteris uliginosa (Kunze) Ching, Bull. Fan.

Mem. Inst. Biol. 6: 342 (1936)Nephrodium setigerum auctt. non Baker ex Hook.

et Baker (1867): Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1004(1906); Dobbie, Ferns N.Z. ed. 2, 294 (1921);Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 344 (1931)

Dryopteris setigera auct. non Kuntze (1891):Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 35 (1925)

PNEUMATOPTERIS NakaiPneumatopteris pennigera (Forst. f.) Holttum, Blu-

mea 21: 305 (1973)Polypodium pennigerum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr.

82 (1786)Aspidium pennigerum (Forst. f.) Swartz, J. Bot.

(Schrader) 1800 (2): 34 (1802)Nephrodium pennigerum (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Reliq.

Haenk. 1: 35 (1825)Polystichum pennigerum (Forst. f.) Gaudich. in

Freyc. Voy. Uranie, Bot. 328 (1828)Lastrea pennigera (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Tent. Pterid.

76 (1836)Goniopteris pennigera (Forst. f.) J. Smith, J. Bot.

(Hooker) 4: 54 (1841)Dryopteris pennigera (Forst. f.) C. Chr. Index Fil.

283 (1905)Cydosorus pennigerus (Forst. f.) Ching, Bull. Fan.

Mem. Inst. Biol. 10: 247 (1941)Thelypteris pennigera (Forst. f.) Allan, Fl. N.Z. 1:

51 (1961)Aspidium cunninghamii Kunze, Linnaea 23: 225

(1850), nom. nov.


Phegopteris cunninghamii Mett. Fil. Hort. Bot.Lips. 84 (1856)

GoniopterisforsteriT. Moore, Index Fil. 99 (1858),nom. nov.

Aspidium novae-zelandiae Ettingsh. Denkschr.Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math. Naturwiss. Kl. 23:103 (1864)

Polypodium pennigerum Forst. f. var. hamiltoniiCol. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 14: 338 (1882)

Dryopteris pennigera (Forst. f.) C. Chr. var. ham-iltoni (Col.) Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 36(1925)

Cyclosorus pennigerus (Forst. f.) Ching. var. ham-iltoni (Col.) Crookes in Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed.4, 262 (1951)

Polypodium pennigerum var. giganteum Col.Trans. N.Z. Inst. 14: 339 (1882)

Polypodium subsimilis Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20:233 (1888)

THELYPTERIS SchmidelThelypteris confluens (Thunb.) C. Morton, Contr.

U.S. Natl. Herb. 38: 71 (1967)Pteris confluens Thunb. Prodr. PI. Cap. 171 (1800)Aspidium thelypteris (L.) Swartz var. squami-

gerum Schldl. Adumbr. Fil. 23, t. 11 (1825)Aspidium squamigerum (Schldl.) Fee, Mem. Foug.

8: 104 (1857)Thelypteris palustris Schott var. squamigera

(Schldl.) Weath. in I. M. Johnston, Contr. GrayHerb. 73: 40 (1924); Allan, Fl. N.Z. 1: 53 (1961)

Thelypteris squamigera (Schldl.) Ching, Bull. Fan.Mem. Inst. Biol. 6: 329 (1936) — as T.squamulosa

Nephrodium squamulosum Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 39(1854)

Nephrodium thelypteris Desv. var. squamulosum(Hook, f.) Hook. Sp. Fil. 4: 88 (1862)

Dryopteris thelypteris (L.) A. Gray var. squamu-losum sensu Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 33(1925)

Lastrea invisa J. B. Armstr. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 13:359(1881)

LOXSOMATACEAELOXSOMA R. Br. ex A. Cunn.Loxsoma cunninghamii R. Br. ex A. Cunn. Com-

panion Bot. Mag. 2: 366, t. 31-2 (1837) — asLoxoma

DENNSTAEDTIACEAEHISTIOPTERIS (J. Agardh) J. SmithHistiopteris incisa (Thunb.) J. Smith, Hist. Fil. 295

(1875)Pteris incisa Thunb. Prodr. PI. Cap. 171 (1800)

Litobrochia incisa (Thunb.) C. Presl, Tent. Pterid.149 (1836)

Phegopteris incisa (Thunb.) Keys. Polyp. Herb.Bunge. 51 (1873)

Pteris vespertilionis Labill. Nov. Holl. PI. 2: 96, t.245 (1807)

Litobrochia vespertilionis (Labill.) C. Presl, Tent.Pterid. 149 (1836)

Histiopteris vespertilionis (Labill.) J. Smith, Hist.Fil. 295 (1875)

Pteris brunoniana Endl. Prodr. Fl. Norfolk. 12(1833)

Pteris montana Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 2: 172(1845)

Pteris alpina Field, Ferns N.Z. 97, t. 28, f. 2 (1890)

HYPOLEPIS Bernh.Hypolepis ambigua (A. Rich.) Brownsey et Chin-

nock, N.Z. J. Bot. 22: 59 (1984)Cheilanthes ambigua A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 84

(1832)Polypodium amplum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 24: 396

(1892), non Willd. (1810)Hypolepis petrieana Carse, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 50:

64 (1918)Hypolepis tenuifolia auctt. non Bernh. ex C. Presl

(1836): Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 22 (1854) p.p.;Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 361 (1864) p.p.; G.Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 56 (1882) p.p.; Field, FernsN.Z. 84 (1890) p.p.; Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 965(1906) p.p.; Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 68(1925) p.p.; Allan, Fl. N.Z. 1: 56 (1961) p.p.

Hypolepis punctata auctt. non Kuhn (1868): Dob-bie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 166 (1951); Allan, Fl. N.Z.1: 57 (1961); Crookes, N.Z. Ferns ed. 6, 162(1963)

Hypolepis dicksonioides (Endl.) Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 61(1852)

Cheilanthes dicksonioides Endl. Prodr. Fl. Nor-folk. 15 (1833)

Hypolepis endlicheriana C. Presl, Tent. Pterid. 162(1836), nom. nov. pro Cheilanthes dicksonioidesEndl.

Cheilanthes pellucida Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci.2: 173 (1845)

Hypolepis tenuifolia (Forst. f.) Bernh. var. pellu-cida (Col.) Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 60, t. 90a (1851)

Hypolepis tenuifolia auctt. non Bernh. ex C. Presl(1836): Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 22 (1854) p.p.;Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 361 (1864) p.p.; G.Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 56 (1882) p.p.; Field, FernsN.Z. 84 (1890) p.p.; Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 965(1906) p.p.; Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 68(1925) p.p.; Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 160 (1931);Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 168 (1951); Allan, Fl.N.Z. 1: 56 (1961) p.p.; Crookes, N.Z. Ferns ed.6, 164 (1963)


Hypolepis distans Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 70, t. 95c (1852)

Hypolepis lactea Brownsey et Chinnock, N.Z. J. Bot.22: 55 (1984)

Polypodium rugosulum auctt. non Labill. (1807):Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 41 (1854) p.p.; Hook. f.Handb. N.Z. Fl. 381 (1864) p.p.; F. Muell. Veg.Chatham Isl. 68 (1864) p.p.

Polypodium punctatum var. rugosulum auctt. nonHook, et Baker (1868); G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z.86 (1882) p.p.; Field, Ferns N.Z. 136 (1890) p.p.

Hypolepis rugosula auctt. non J. Smith (1846):Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 162 (1951) p.p.; Allan,Fl. N.Z. 1: 55 (1961) p.p.; Crookes, N.Z. Fernsed. 6, 158 (1963) p.p.

Polypodium punctatum auctt. non Thunb. (1784);Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1008 (1906) p.p.; Dob-bie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 2, 306 (1921) p.p.; Dobbie,N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 356 (1931) p.p.

Dryopteris punctata auctt. non C. Chr. (1905):Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 35 (1925) p.p.

Hypolepis millefolium Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 68, t. 95b(1852)

Hypolepis rufobarbata (Col.) Wakef. Victoria Natu-ralist 72: 159(1956)

Polypodium rufobarbatum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst.16: 347 (1884)

Polypodium viscidum Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci.2: 164 (1845), non Roxb. (1816)

Polypodium rugosulum auctt. non Labill. (1807):Hook.f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 41 (1854) p.p.; Hook. f.Handb. N.Z. Fl. 381 (1864) p.p.; F. Muell. Veg.Chatham Isl. 68 (1864) p.p.

Polypodium punctatum var. rugosulum auctt. nonHook, et Baker (1868): G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z.86 (1882) p.p.; Field, Ferns N.Z. 136 (1890) p.p.

Polypodium punctatum auctt. non Thunb. (1784):Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1008 (1906) p.p.; Dob-bie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 2, 306 (1921) p.p.; Dobbie,N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 356 (1931) p.p.

Dryopteris punctata auct. non C. Chr. (1905):Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 35 (1925) p.p.


Hypolepis subantarctica Brownsey et Chinnock,N.Z. J. Bot. 22: 57 (1984)

Polypodium viscidum auctt. non Roxb. in Beatson(1816): Hook. f. Fl. Antarct. 1: 110 (1844); Raoul,Choix PI. N.Z. 37 (1846)

Polypodium rugosulum auctt. non Labill. (1807):Hook.f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 41 (1854) p.p.; Hook.f.Handb. N.Z. Fl. 381 (1864) p.p.

Polypodium punctatum auct. non Thunb. (1784):Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1008 (1906) p.p.

Dryopteris punctata auct. non C. Chr. (1905):Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed 2, 35 (1925) p.p.


LEPTOLEPIA PrantlLeptolepia novae-zelandiae (Col.) Mett. ex Diels in

Engl. et Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 212, f.115 a,b(1899)

Davallia novae-zelandiae Col. Tasmanian J. Nat.Sci. 2: 182 (1845)

Microlepia novae-zelandiae (Col.) J. Smith, Cat.Kew Ferns (1856)

Dennstaedtia novae-zelandiae (Col.) Keys. Polyp.Herb. Bunge. 22 (1873)

Acrophorus hispidus T. Moore, Proc. Linn. Soc.London 2: 286 (1854), nom. nov.

LINDSAEA Dryander ex J. E. SmithLindsaea linearis Swartz, J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800

(2): 78 (1802)Adiantum lineare (Swartz) Poiret in Lam. Encycl.

Suppl. 1: 139 (1810)Lindsaea lunata Willd. Sp. PL 5: 421 (1810)Lindsaea trilobata Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 16: 345

(1884), non Baker (1891)Lindsaea linearis Swartz var. trilobata (Col.) C.

Chr. Index Fil. 398 (1906)Lindsaea trichomanoides Dryander, Trans. Linn.

Soc. London 3: 43, t. 11 (1797)Adiantum trichomanoides (Dryander) Poiret in

Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 1: 140 (1810)Schizoloma trichomanoides (Dryander) Kuhn,

Chaetopt. 26 (1882)Adiantum cuneatum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 84

(1786)Lindsaea cuneata (Forst. f.) C. Chr. Index. Fil. 392

(1906), non Willd. (1810)Lindsaea lessonii Bory in Duperrey, Voy. Monde,

Crypt. 278, t. 37, f. 2 (1829)Lindsaea trichomanoides Dryander var. lessoni

(Bory) Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 19 (1854)Lindsaea cuneata (Forst. f.) C. Chr. var. lessonii

(Bory) C. Chr. Index Fil. 395 (1906)Lindsaea viridis Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 2: 174

(1845)Odontosoria viridis (Col.) Kuhn, Chaetopt. 26

(1882)Stenoloma viride (Col.) C. Chr. Index Fil. Suppl.

3: 174 (1934)Sphenomeris viridis (Col.) Brownlie, Trans & Proc.

Roy. Soc. N.Z. 87: 197 (1959)


PAESIA A. St. Hil.Paesia scaberula (A. Rich.) Kuhn, Chaetopt. 27

(1882)Pteris scaberula A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 82, t. 11

(1832)Allosoms scaberulus (A. Rich.) C. Presl, Tent.

Pterid. 154 (1836)Ornithopteris scaberula (A. Rich.) J. Smith, Hist.

Fil. 299 (1875)Pteris microphylla A. Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag.

2: 366 (1837)

PTERIDIUM Gled. ex Scop.Pteridium esculentum (Forst. f.) Cockayne, Rep. Bot.

Survey Tongariro Natl. Park 34 (1908)Pteris esculenta Forst. f. PI. Esc. 74 (1786)Allosoms esculentus (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Tent.

Pterid. 154 (1836)Pteris aquilina L. var. esculenta (Forst. f.) Hook. f.

Fl. N.Z. 2: 25 (1854)Ornithopteris esculenta (Forst. f.) J. Smith, Hist.

Fil. 298 (1875)Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. esculentum

(Forst. f.) Kuhn, Chaetopt. 27 (1882)Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. esculentum

(Forst. f.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 591, 597 (1906)Pteris aquilina auct. non L. (1753): F. Muell. Veg.

Chatham Isl. 73 (1864)

ASPLENIACEAEASPLEMUM L.Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 80

(1786) subsp. bulbiferumAsplenium marinum L. var. bulbifera (Forst. f.) F.

Muell. Veg. Chatham Isl. 66 (1864)Caenopteris bulbifera (Forst. f.) Desv. Mem. Soc.

Linn. Paris 6: 268 (1827)Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. subsp. gracillimum

(Col.) Brownsey, N.Z. J. Bot. 15: 60 (1977)Asplenium gracillimum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 22:

453 (1890)Asplenium chathamense Brownsey, N.Z. J. Bot. 23:

135 (1985)Asplenium flabellifolium Cav. Descr. PI. 1: 257

(1801) — as A. flavelifoliumAsplenium flabellifolium var. ramosum Col. Trans.

N.Z. Inst. 20: 228 (1888)Asplenium flaccidum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 80

(1786) subsp. flaccidumCaenopteris flaccida (Forst. f.) Thunb. Nova Acta

Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. Hist. Acad. 9: 158, t. D,f. 1-2 (1795)

Darea flaccida (Forst. f.) Willd. Sp. Fil. 5: 295(1810)

Asplenium marinum L. var. flaccida (Forst. f.) F.

Muell. Veg. Chatham Isl. 67 (1864)Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. var. flaccidum

(Forst. f.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 104(1914)

Caenopteris odontites Thunb. Nova Acta Acad.Sci. Imp. Petrop. Hist. Acad. 9: 159, t. E, f. 1(1795)

Darea odontites (Thunb.) Willd. Sp. Fil. 5: 296(1810)

Asplenium odontites (Thunb.) R. Br. Prodr. 151(1810)

Caenopteris novae-zelandiae Sprengel, J. Bot.(Schrader) 1799 (2): 269 (1800)

Asplenium heterophyllum A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z.74 (1832)

Asplenium flaccidum Forst. f. subsp. haurakienseBrownsey, N.Z. J. Bot. 15: 70 (1977)

Asplenium hookerianum Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci.2: 169 (1845)

Asplenium adiantoides Raoul var. hookeriana(Col.) Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 35 (1854)

Asplenium adiantoides Raoul, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.Ser. Ill, 2: 115 (1844), non Lam. (1786), neeRaddi (1819)

Asplenium colensoi Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 2:170 (1845) — as A. colensii

Asplenium adiantoides Raoul var. colensoi (Col.)Hook. f. in Hook. Icon. PI. 10: t. 984 (1854)

Asplenium hookerianum var. colensoi (Col.) T.Moore, Index Fil. 137 (1859)

Asplenium richardii var. colensoi (Col.) Hook. Sp.Fil. 3: 197 (1860)

Asplenium adiantoides Raoul var. minus Hook. f.in Hook. Icon. PL 10: t. 983 (1854)

Asplenium hookerianum Col. var. minus (Hook, f.)Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 101 (1914)

Asplenium raouli Mett. Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf.Ges. 3: 162 (1859)

Asplenium ornatum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 22: 452(1890)

Asplenium hookerianum Col. var. ornatum (Col.)Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 101 (1914)

Asplenium symmetricum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 31:264(1899)

Asplenium ramosum Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 3,288, f. 95c (1931), non Sprengel (1802), neePoiret(1811)

Asplenium lamprophyllum Carse, Trans. N.Z. Inst.56: 81 (1926)

Asplenium lyallii (Hook, f.) T. Moore, Index Fil.143 (1859)

Asplenium lucidum Forst. f. var. lyallii Hook. f.Fl. N.Z. 2: 33, t. 77 (1854)

Asplenium obtusatum Forst. f. var. lyallii G.Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 74 (1882)


Asplenium triste Raoul, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser.Ill, 2: 115 (1844), non Kaulf. (1824)

Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. var. triste (Raoul)Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 34 (1854)

Asplenium anomodum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 15:309 (1883)

Asplenium lucidum Forst. f. var. anomodum (Col.)Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 991 (1906)

Asplenium obtusatum Forst. f. var. anomodum(Col.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 85, 20: 101 (1914)

Asplenium oblongifolium Col. Tasmanian J. Nat.Sci. 2: 171 (1845)

Asplenium lucidum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 80(1786), non Burm. f. (1768)

Asplenium obtusatum Forst. f. var. lucidum(Forst. f.) Hook, et Baker, Syn. Fil. 207 (1868)

Tarachia lucida (Forst. f.) Momose, J. Jap. Bot.35: 315, t. 28-30(1960)

Asplenium lucidum var. paucifolium Hook. Sp. Fil.3: 99 (1860)

Asplenium d'urvillei Mett. in Kuhn, Linnaea 36:95 (1869)

Asplenium obtusatum Forst. f. var. integrifoliumSzyszyl. in Wawra, Itin. princ. Coburgi 122(1888)

Asplenium obtusatum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 80(1786) subsp. obtusatum

Asplenium marinum L. var. obtusata (Forst. f.) F.Muell. Veg. Chatham Isl. 66 (1864)

Asplenium obliquum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 80(1786)

Asplenium obtusatum var. obliquum (Forst. f.)Hook. f. Fl. Antarct. 1: 108 (1844)

Asplenium lucidum Forst. f. var. obliquum(Forst. f.) T. Moore, Index Fil. 142 (1859)

Asplenium decurrens Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 316 (1810)Asplenium apice-dentatum Hombron, Voy. Pole

Sud, Bot. t. la (1843)Asplenium obtusatum Forst. f. subsp. northlandi-

cum Brownsey, N.Z. J. Bot. 15: 49 (1977)Asplenium pauperequitum Brownsey et P. Jackson,

N.Z. J. Bot. 22: 315 (1984)

Asplenium polyodon Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 80(1786)

Tarachia polyodon (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Epimel. Bot.76(1851)

Asplenium adiantoides (L.) C. Chr. var. polyodon(Forst. f.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 126 (1905)

Trichomanes adiantoides L. Sp. PI. 2: 1098 (1753)Asplenium adiantoides (L.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 99

(1905), non Lam. (1786), nee Raddi (1819), neeRaoul (1844)

Tarachia adiantoides (L.) Nakai ex Tuy. Bot. Mag.(Tokyo) 49: 505 (1935)

Asplenium falcatum Lam. Encycl. 2: 306 (1786),nom. illeg.

Asplenium forsterianum Col. Tasmanian J. Nat.Sci. 2: 171 (1845)

Asplenium falcatum var. caudatum sensu Allan,Fl. N.Z. 1: 71 (1961)

Asplenium caudatum auctt. non Forst. f. (1786):Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 372 (1864); G. Thom-son, Ferns N.Z. 75 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 118(1890); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 989 (1906);Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 2, 230 (1921); Cheesem.Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 47 (1925); Dobbie, N.Z.Ferns ed. 3, 256 (1931); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed.4, 327 (1951)

Asplenium falcatum auctt. non Swartz (1806): A.Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 73 (1832); A. Cunn. Com-panion Bot. Mag. 2: 364 (1837); Raoul, ChoixPI. N.Z. 37 (1846)

Asplenium richardii (Hook, f.) Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2:35 (1854) — as A. richardi

Asplenium adiantoides Raoul var. richardiiHook. f. in Hook. Icon. PI. 10: t. 977 (1854)

Asplenium raoulii Mett. var. richardii (Hook, f.)Mett. Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 3: 162(1859)

Asplenium scleroprium Hombron, Voy. Pole Sud,Bot. t. Id (1843)

Asplenium lucidum Forst. f. var. scleroprium(Hombron) T. Moore, Index Fil. 142 (1859)

Asplenium obtusatum Forst. f. var. scleroprium G.Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 74 (1882)

Asplenium flaccidum Forst. f. var. aucklandicumHookf. Fl. Antarct. 1: 109 (1844)

Asplenium lucidum Forst. f. var. aucklandicum(Hook, f.) Allan, Fl. N.Z. 1: 1012 (1961)

Asplenium aucklandicum (Hook, f.) Crookes, N.Z.Ferns ed. 6, 334 (1963)

Asplenium shuttleworthianum Kunze, Farrnkrauter1: 26, t. 14 (1840)

Asplenium flaccidum Forst. f. var. shuttlewor-thianum (Kunze) Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 374(1864)

Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. var. shuttlewor-thianum (Kunze) G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 76(1882)

Asplenium terrestre Brownsey, N.Z. J. Bot. 15: 71(1977) subsp. terrestre

Asplenium terrestre Brownsey subsp. maritimumBrownsey, N.Z. J. Bot. 15: 74 (1977)

Asplenium flaccidum Forst. f. var. littoralis Dob-bie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 302, f. 102a (1931)

Asplenium trichomanes L. Sp. PI. 2: 1080 (1753)Asplenium melanolepis Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20:

227 (1888), non Franchet et Savat. (1879)Asplenium trichomanes L. var. melanolepis (Col.)

C. Chr. Index Fil. 121 (1905)


Asplenium hybridsThe following names, as used by New Zealandauthors, possibly refer to hybrids but all need fur-ther investigation both here and elsewhere:

Caenopteris appendiculata Labill. Nov. Holl. PI.2: 94, t. 243 (1807)

Asplenium appendiculatum (Labill.) C. Presl, Tent.Pterid. 106 (1836)

Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. var. appendicula-tum (Labill.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 101 (1905)

Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. var. decompositaKirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 17: 232 (1885)

Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. var. Integra Kirk,Trans. N.Z. Inst. 17: 232 (1885)

Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. var. laxa Hook. f.Fl. N.Z. 2: 34(1854)

Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. var. pseudo-lucidum Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 17: 232 (1885)

Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. var. tripinnatumHook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 34 (1854)

Asplenium canterburiense J. B. Armstr. Trans.N.Z. Inst. 14: 361 (1882)

Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. var. canterburiense(J. B. Armstr.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 104 (1905)

Asplenium laxum R. Br. Prodr. 151 (1810)Asplenium obtusatum Forst. f. var. pseudo-

falcatum Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 17: 231 (1885)Asplenium rotundifolium Ettingsh. Denkschr.

Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math. Naturwiss. Kl. 23:73 (1864)

Asplenium tremulum Hombron, Voy. Pole Sud,Bot. t. 3b, f. A (1843)

Asplenium bulbiferum Forst. f. var. tremulum(Hombron) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 104(1914)

PHYLL1TIS Hill*Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman, Hist. Brit.

Ferns ed. 2, 10 (1844)Asplenium scolopendrium L. Sp. PI. 2: 1079 (1753)

PLEUROSORUS FeePleurosorus rutifolius (R. Br.) Fee, Gen. Fil. 180

(1852)Grammitis rutaefolia R. Br. Prodr. 146 (1810)Gymnogramma rutaefolia (R. Br.) Desv. Mem.

Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 213 (1827)Ceterach rutaefolium (R. Br.) Mett. Fil. Hort. Bot.

Lips. 80(1856)Gymnogramma pozoi (Lagasca) Desv. var. rutae-

folia (R. Br.) Hook, et Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 2, 379(1874)

Gymnogramma alpina Potts, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 10:361 (1879)

DRYOPTERIDACEAEARACHNIODES BlumeArachniodes aristata (Forst. f.) Tindale, Contr. New

South Wales Natl. Herb. 3: 89 (1961)Polypodium aristatum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 82

(1786)Aspidium aristatum (Forst. f.) Swartz, J. Bot.

(Schrader) 1800 (2): 37 (1802)Nephrodium aristatum (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Reliq.

Haenk. 1: 37 (1825)Polystichum aristatum (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Tent.

Pterid. 83 (1836)Lastrea aristata (Forst. f.) T. Moore, Index Fil. 1:

86 (1858)Dryopteris aristata (Forst. f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.

PI. 2: 812 (1891)Rumohra aristata (Forst. f.) Ching, Sinensia 5: 50

(1934)Polystichopsis aristata (Forst. f.) Holttum, Rev. Fl.

Malaya 2: 486 (1955)Byrsopteris aristata (Forst. f.) C. Morton, Amer.

Fern J. 50: 152, t. 14(1960)

ATHYRIUM Roth*Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ.

3(1): 65 (1799)Polypodium filix-femina L. Sp. PI. 2: 1090 (1753)

CYRTOMIUM C. Presl*Cyrtomium falcatum (L. f.) C. Presl, Tent. Pterid.

86 (1836)Polypodium falcatum L. f. Suppl. PI. 446 (1782)

CYSTOPTERIS Bernh.*Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. Neues J. Bot. 1(2):

27 (1805)Polypodium fragile h. Sp. PI. 2: 1091 (1753) — as

P. Mix] fragileCystopteris laciniatus Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 31:

265 (1899)Cystopteris tasmanica Hook. Sp. Fil. 1: 199 (1846)Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. var. tasmanica

(Hook.) Hook. f. Fl. Tasman. 2: 136, t. 166(1858)

Cystopteris novae-zelandiae J. B. Armstr. Trans.N.Z. Inst. 13: 360 (1881)

Woodsia laetevirens Prentice ex Bailey, Queens-land Dept. Agric. Bull. 7: 37 (1891)

Cystopteris fragilis var. laetevirens (Prentice) C.Chr. Index Fil. 657 (1906)

Cystopteris fragilis auctt. non Bernh. (1806):Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 358 (1864); G. Thom-son, Ferns N.Z. 50 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 76(1890); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 957 (1906);Dobbie, Ferns N.Z. ed. 2, 112 (1921); Cheesem.Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 27 (1925); Dobbie, N.Z.Ferns ed. 3, 132 (1931); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed.


4, 268 (1951); Allan, Fl. N.Z. 1: 93 (1961);Crookes, N.Z. Ferns ed. 6, 264 (1963)

Blasdell (Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 21: 40, 1963) refersNew Zealand material to the following taxon whichneeds further investigation:Cystopteris apiiformis Gand. Bull. Soc. Bot. France

60: 28 (1913)Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. var. apiiformis

(Gand.) C. Chr. Index Fil. Suppl. 1913-1916, 11(1917)

DEPARIA Hook, et Grev.Deparia petersenii (Kunze) Kato, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo)

90: 37 (1977) subsp. congrua (Brackenr.) Kato,J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. Ill, 13: 426 (1984)

Asplenium petersenii Kunze, Analecta Pteridogr.24 (1837)

Diplazium petersenii (Kunze) Christ, Bull. Acad.Int. Geogr. Bot. 1902: 245 (1902)

Athyriopsis petersenii (Kunze) Ching, Acta Phy-totax. Sin. 9: 66 (1964)

Lunathyrium petersenii (Kunze) H. Ohba, Sci.Rep. Yokosuka City Mus. 11: 53 (1965)

Diplazium congruum Brackenr. U.S. Expl. Exped.,Filic. 16: 141, t. 18, f. 2 (1854)

Athyrium congruum (Brackenr.) Copel. Univ.Calif. Publ. Bot. 14: 359 (1929)

Asplenium japonicum auctt. non Thunb. (1784):Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 996 (1906); Dobbie,N.Z. Ferns ed. 2, 268 (1921); Dobbie, N.Z. Fernsed. 3, 318 (1931)

Diplazium japonicum auct. non Beddome (1876):Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 44 (1925)

Athyrium japonicum auctt. non Copel. (1908):Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 272 (1951); Allan, Fl.N.Z. 1: 95 (1961); Crookes, N.Z. Ferns ed. 6,268 (1963)

The following taxon requires further study:Asplenium umbrosum var. leumfolia Dobbie, N.Z.

Ferns ed. 3, 314 (1931)Deparia tenuifolia (Kirk) Kato, J. Fac. Sci. Univ.

Tokyo, Sect. Ill, 13: 407 (1984)Asplenium umbrosum (Aiton) J. Smith var. ten-

uifolium Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 23: 425 (1891)Asplenium umbrosum var. multifidum Dobbie,

N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 316, f. 104b (1931)

DIPLAZIUM SwartzDiplazium australe (R. Br.) Wakef. Victoria Natu-

ralist 58: 142, f. 3 (1942)Allantodia australis R. Br. Prodr. 149 (1810)Athyrium australe (R. Br.) C. Presl, Tent. Pterid.

98 (1836)Asplenium australe (R. Br.) Brackenr. U.S. Expl.

Exped., Filic. 173 (1854)

Athyrium umbrosum (Aiton) C. Presl subsp. aus-trale (R. Br.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 36, 147 (1905)

Athyrium umbrosum (Aiton) C. Presl var. australe(R. Br.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 86 (1914)

Allantodia tenera R. Br. Prodr. 149 (1810)Asplenium brownii J. Smith, J. Bot. (Hooker) 4:

174 (1841), nom. nov. pro Allantodia australisR. Br.

Athyrium brownii (J. Smith) J. Smith, Hist. Fil.328 (1875)

Athyrium umbrosum auct. non C. Presl (1836):Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 43 (1925)

Asplenium umbrosum auctt. non J. Smith (1842):G. Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 77 (1882); Field, FernsN.Z. 125 (1890); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 995(1906)

DRYOPTERIS Adanson*Dryopteris affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenkins, Brit. Fern

Gaz. 12: 56 (1979)Nephrodium affine Lowe, Trans. Cambridge Phi-

los. Soc. 6: 525 (1838)Dryopteris borreri Newman, Hist. Brit. Ferns ed.

3, 189 (1854), nomen ineditLastrea pseudomas Wollaston, Phytologist New

Ser. 1: 172 (1855)Dryopteris pseudo-mas (Wollaston) Holub et Pou-

zar, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 2: 332 (1967)*Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray, Man. Bot.

North U.S. 631 (1848)Polypodium dilatatum Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. 2: 7

(1796)*Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, Gen. Fil. t. 9

(1834)Polypodium filix-mas L. Sp. PI. 2: 1090 (1753)

LASTREOPSIS ChingLastreopsis glabella (A. Cunn.) Tindale, Victoria

Naturalist 73: 183 (1957)Nephrodium glabellum A. Cunn. Companion Bot.

Mag. 2: 367 (1837)Lastrea glabella (A. Cunn.) Houlston et T. Moore,

Gard. Mag. Bot. 3: 318 (1851)Nephrodium decompositum R. Br. var. glabellum

(A. Cunn.) Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 39 (1854)Aspidium glabellum (A. Cunn.) Lowe, Ferns Brit.

Exot. 6: 93, t. 32 (1857)Dryopteris glabella (A. Cunn.) C. Chr. Index Fil.

267 (1905)Ctenitis glabella (A. Cunn.) Copel. Gen. Fil. 124

(1947)Nephrodium decompositum R. Br. var. micro-

phyllum Hook. Sp. Fil. 4: 146 (1862)Lastreopsis hispida (Swartz) Tindale, Victoria

Naturalist 73: 183 (1957)


Aspidium hispidum Swartz, J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 39 (1802)

Polystichum hispidum (Swartz) J. Smith, J. Bot.(Hooker) 4: 195 (1841)

Lastrea hispida (Swartz) Houlston et T. Moore,Gard. Mag. Bot. 3: 318 (1851)

Nephrodium hispidum (Swartz) Hook. Sp. Fil. 4:150(1862)

Dryopteris hispida (Swartz) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.PI. 2: 813(1891)

Rumohra hispida (Swartz) Copel. Gen. Fil. 114(1947)

Polypodium setosum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 82(1786), non Thunb. (1782)

Polystichum schkuhrii C. Presl, Tent. Pterid. 84(1836)

Lastreopsis microsora (Endl.) Tindale, VictoriaNaturalist 73: 181 (1957) subsp. pentangularis(Col.) Tindale, Contr. New South Wales Natl.Herb. 3: 334 (1965)

Nephrodium pentangulamm Col. Tasmanian J.Nat. Sci. 2: 169 (1845)

Ctenitis pentangularis (Col.) Alston, Amer. FernJ. 45: 160 (1955)

Nephrodium decompositum R. Br. var. pubescensHook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 39 (1854)

Nephrodium decompositum auctt. non R. Br.(1810): F. Muell. Veg. Chatham Isl. 69 (1864);Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 378 (1864); G. Thom-son, Ferns N.Z. 82 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 131(1890); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1002 (1906)

Lastrea decomposita auct. non J. Smith (1846): J.B. Armstr. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 13: 363 (1881)

Dryopteris decomposita auct. non Kuntze (1891):Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 33 (1925)

Ctenitis decomposita auctt. non Copel. (1947):Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 250 (1951); Allan, Fl.N.Z. 1: 90 (1961)

Lastreopsis velutina (A. Rich.) Tindale, VictoriaNaturalist 73: 184(1957)

Aspidium velutinum A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 70(1832)

Nephrodium velutinum (A. Rich.) Hook. f. Fl. N.Z.2: 39, t. 80(1854)

Lastrea velutina (A. Rich.) Brackenr. U.S. Expl.Exped, Filic. 198 (1854)

Dryopteris velutina (A. Rich.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.PI. 2: 814(1891)

Ctenitis velutina (A. Rich.) Copel. Gen. Fil. 124(1947)

Lastreopsis sp. [Kermadec Islands — see Tindale,Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 3: 337,1965]

POLYSTICHUM RothPolystichum cystostegia (Hook.) J. B. Armstr. Trans.

N.Z. Inst. 13: 364 (1881)Aspidium cystostegia Hook. Sp. Fil. 4: 26, t. 227

(1862)Dryopteris cystostegia (Hook.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.

PI. 2: 812 (1891)

*Polystichum lentum (D. Don) T. Moore, Index Fil.86, 95 (1858)

Aspidium lentum D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 4(1825)

*Polystichum proliferum (R. Br.) C. Presl, Tent.Pterid. 83 (1836)

Aspidium proliferum R. Br. Prodr. 147 (1810)Polystichum richardii (Hook.) J. Smith, Hist. Fil.

220(1875)Aspidium richardi Hook. Sp. Fil. 4: 23, t. 222

(1862)Dryopteris richardi (Hook.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.

PI. 2: 813 (1891)Aspidium coriaceum (Swartz) Swartz var. acuti-

dentatum A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 71 (1832)Polystichum aristatum Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 37, t.

78 (1854), non C. Presl (1836)Polystichum neo-zelandicum Fee, Mem. Soc. Sci.

Nat. Strasbourg 5: 99 (1857)Polystichum lobatum (Hudson) C. Presl var. aris-

tatum (Hook, f.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 579 (1906)Aspidium oculatum Hook. Sp. Fil. 4: 24, t. 228

(1862)Polystichum oculatum (Hook.) J. B. Armstr. Trans.

N.Z. Inst. 13: 364 (1881)Dryopteris oculata (Hook.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.

PI. 2: 813 (1891)Polystichum richardii var. oculatum (Hook.) C.

Chr. Index Fil. 85, 280 (1905)Aspidium wawraeanum Szyszyl. in Wawra, Itin.

princ. Coburgi 126, t. 15 (1888)Aspidium zerophyllum Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 29:

418 (1897)Polystichum zerophyllum (Col.) C. Chr. Index Fil.

98 (1905), 589 (1906)Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Schott var. zerophyl-

lum (Col.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 56(1914)

*Polystichum setiferum (Forsskal) Woynar, Mitt.Naturwiss. Vereines Steiermark 49: 181 (1913)

Polystichum silvaticum (Col.) Diels in Engl. etPrantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 192 (1899)

Polypodium sylvaticum Col. Tasmanian J. Nat.Sci. 2: 163 (1845)

Aspidium aculeatum (L.) Swartz var. sylvaticum(Col.) Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 998 (1906)

Polystichum vestitum subsp. sylvaticum (Col.) C.Chr. Index Fil. 568, 588 (1906)


Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Schott var. silvaticum(Col.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20,85: 56 (1914)

Polystichum vestitum (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Tent.Pterid. 83 (1836)

Polypodium vestitum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 82(1786)

Aspidium vestitum (Forst. f.) Swartz, J. Bot.(Schrader) 1800 (2): 37 (1802)

Aspidium aculeatum (L.) Swartz var. vestitum(Forst. f.) Hook, ex Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 375(1864)

Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Schott var. vestitum(Forst. f.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 55 (1914)

Polystichum venustum Hombron, Voy. Pole Sud,Bot. t. 5 m-n (1844)

Aspidium venustum (Hombron) Hook. f. Fl.Antarct. 1: 106 (1844)

Aspidium pulcherrimum Col. Tasmanian J. Nat.Sci. 2: 167 (1845)

Aspidium waikarense Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci.2: 168 (1845)

Aspidium perelegans Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 29: 416(1897)

Polystichum perelegans (Col.) C. Chr. Index Fil.87 (1905), 586 (1906)

Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Schott var. perelegans(Col.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 56 (1914)

Aspidium aculeatum auct. non Swartz (1802): F.Muell. Veg. Chatham Isl. 70 (1864)

Aspidium proliferum auctt. non R. Br. (1810): A.Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 69 (1832); A. Cunn. Com-panion Bot. Mag. 2: 367 (1837); Raoul, ChoixPI. N.Z. 38 (1846)

RUMOHRA RaddiRumohra adiantiformis (Forst. f.) Ching, Sinensia

5: 70 (1934)Polvpodium adiantiforme Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr.

82(1786)Polystichum adiantiforme (Forst. f.) J. Smith, Hist.

Fil. 220 (1875)Dryopteris adiantiformis (Forst. f.) Kuntze, Revis.

Gen. PL 3: 378 (1898)Polypodium coriaceum Swartz, Prodr. 133 (1788)Aspidium coriaceum (Swartz) Swartz, J. Bot.

(Schrader) 1800 (2): 40 (1802)Tectaria coriacea (Swartz) Link, Hort. Berol. 2:

127 (1833)Hypopeltis coriacea (Swartz) Bory in Bel. Voy.

IndesOr., Bot. 2: 70(1833)Polystichum coriaceum (Swartz) Schott, Gen. Fil.

t. 9 (1834)Aspidium capense Willd. Sp. PL 5: 267 (1810)Polystichum capense (Willd.) J. Smith, Compan-

ion Bot. Mag. New Sen 2: 35 (1846)

Aspidium cunninghamii Col. Tasmanian J. Nat.Sci. 1: 379 (1843)

Aspidium cunninghamianum Col. Tasmanian J.Nat. Sci. 2: 166 (1845)

The following taxon requires further investigation:Aspidium coriaceum Swartz var. integra A. Rich.

Essai Fl. N.Z. 71 (1832)

DAVALLIACEAEARTHROPTERIS J. Smith ex Hook. f.Arthropteris tenella (Forst. f.) J. Smith ex Hook. f.

Fl. N.Z. 2: 43, t. 82 (1854)Polypodium tenellum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 81

(1786)Polypodium filipes T. Moore, Gard. Chron. 388

(1855)

DAVALLIAJ. E. SmithDavallia tasmanii Field, Ferns N.Z. 75, t. 24, f. 5

(1890) — asD. tasmaniDavallia tasmani Cheesem. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 23:

416(1891)

NEPHROLEPIS Schott*Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl, Tent. Pterid.

79 (1836)Polypodium cordifolium L. Sp. PL 2: 1089 (1753)Aspidium cordifolium (L.) Swartz, J. Bot.

(Schrader) 1800 (2): 32 (1802)Nephrolepis sp.The native New Zealand plant, previously referredto the widespread N. cordifolia, appears to differfrom the introduced plant and requires furtherinvestigation. The following names are relevant tosuch an investigation:Polypodium auriculatum L. Sp. PL 2: 1088 (1753)Nephrolepis auriculata (L.) Trimen, J. Linn. Soc,

Bot. 24: 152 (1887)Aspidium tuberosum Bory ex Willd. Sp. PL 5: 234

(1810)Nephrodium tuberosum (Bory ex Willd.) Desv.

Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 252 (1827)Nephrolepis tuberosa (Bory ex Willd.) C. Presl,

Tent. Pterid. 79 (1836)Nephrolepisflexuosa Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20: 231

(1888)Nephrolepis hirsutula (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Tent.

Pterid. 79 (1836)Polypodium hirsutulum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 81

(1786)Aspidium hirsutulum (Forst. f.) Swartz, J. Bot.

(Schrader) 1800 (2): 32 (1802)Polystichum hirsutulum (Forst. f.) Bernh. J. Bot.

(Schrader) 1801 (1): 16 (1803)Nephrodium hirsutulum (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Reliq.

Haenk. 1: 32 (1825)


Lepidonevron hirsutulum (Forst. f.) Fee, Gen. Fil.301 (1852)

Nephrolepis exaltata auctt. non Schott (1834):Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 1007 (1906); Dobbie,N.Z. Ferns ed. 2, 304 (1921); Cheesem. Man.N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 39 (1925); Dobbie, N.Z. Fernsed. 3, 354 (1931); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 226(1951)

BLECHNACEAEBLECHNUM L.Blechnum banksii (Hook, f.) Mett. ex Diels in Engl.

et Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 249 (1899)Lomaria banksii Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 31, t. 76

(1854)Spicanta banksii (Hook, f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.

PI. 2: 821 (1891)Blechnum chambersii Tindale in Beadle et al. Fl.

Sydney Region 86 (1972), nom. nov. proBlechnum lanceolatum (R. Br.) J. W. Sturm

Stegania lanceolata R. Br. Prodr. 152 (1810)Blechnum lanceolatum (R. Br.) J. W. Sturm,

Enum. PI. Vase. Crypt. Chil. 25 (1858), nonRaddi (1819)

Lomaria lanceolata (R. Br.) Sprengel, Syst. Veg.4: 62 (1827)

Spicanta lanceolata (R. Br.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.PI. 2: 821 (1891)

Struthiopteris lanceolata (R. Br.) Ching, Sun-yatsenia 5: 243 (1940)

Lomaria doodioides Brackenr. U.S. Expl. Exped.,Filic. 124 (1854)

Blechnum doodioides (Brackenr.) Brownlie, Pterid.Fl. Fiji 318 (1977), non Hook. (1840)

Blechnum aggregatum auctt. non Tindale, Proc.Linn. Soc. New South Wales 85: 254 (1960)[= B. chambersii X membranaceum]

Blechnum colensoi (Hook. f. in Hook.) Wakef. Vic-toria Naturalist 72: 159 (1956)

Lomaria colensoi Hook. f. in Hook. Icon. PI. 7: t.627-8 (1844)

Lomaria heterophylla Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci.2: 175 (1845), non Desv. (1811)

Blechnum patersoni (R. Br.) Mett. var. elongatum(Blume) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 109(1914), pro parte

Lomaria patersoni auctt. non Sprengel (1827): G.Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 64 (1882); Field, FernsN.Z. 98 (1890); Dobbie, Ferns N.Z. ed. 2, 180(1921); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 3, 200 (1931)

Lomaria elongata auctt. non Blume (1828):Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 29 (1854); Hook. f. Handb.N.Z. Fl. 367 (1864)

Lomaria patersoni var. elongata auct. non Hook,et Baker (1874): Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 975(1906)

Blechnum patersoni auctt. non Mett. (1856): Dob-bie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 280 (1951); Allan, Fl. N.Z.1: 80(1961)

Blechnum discolor (Forst. f.) Keys. Polyp. Herb.Bunge. 66 (1873)

Osmunda discolor Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 78 (1786)Hemionitis discolor (Forst. f.) Schkuhr, Krypt.

Gew. 1: 7, t. 6 (1809)Gymnopteris discolor (Forst. f.) Bernh. Neues J.

Bot. 1 (2): 20(1805)Onoclea discolor (Forst. f.) Swartz, Syn. Fil. 111

(1806)Lomaria discolor (Forst. f.) Willd. Sp. PI. 5: 293

(1810)Stegania discolor (Forst. f.) A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z.

87 (1832)Spicanta discolor (Forst. f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.

PI. 2: 821 (1891)Struthiopteris discolor (Forst. f.) Ching, Sun-

yatsenia 5: 243 (1940)

Blechnum durum (T. Moore) C. Chr. Index Fil. 153(1905)

Lomaria dura T. Moore, Gard. Chron. 290 (1866)Spicanta dura (T. Moore) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI.

2: 821 (1891)Struthiopteris dura (T. Moore) Ching, Sunyatsenia

5: 243 (1940)Lomaria rigida J. Smith, Ferns Brit. For. 290

(1866)

Blechnum filiforme (A. Cunn.) Ettingsh. Denkschr.Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math. Naturwiss. Kl. 23:57, t. 6, f. 5 (1864)

Lomaria filiformis A. Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag.2: 363 (1837)

Spicanta filiformis (A. Cunn.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.PI. 2: 821 (1891)

Struthiopteris filiformis (A. Cunn.) Ching, Sun-yatsenia 5: 243 (1940)

Lomaria propinqua A. Cunn. Companion Bot.Mag. 2: 364 (1837)

Lomaria pimpinellifolia Hook. f. London J. Bot.3: 412 (1844)

Stenochlaena heteromorpha J. Smith, J. Bot.(Hooker) 4: 149 (1841)

Lomariopsis heteromorpha (J. Smith) T. Moore,Index Fil. xvii (1857)

Lomariopsis htigelii C. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 263(1851)

Stenochlaena htigelii (C. Presl) Fee ex L. Underw.Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 46 (1906)

Blechnum reptans Luerssen, Fil. Graeff. 142 (1871)


Blechnum fluviatile (R. Br.) Lowe ex Salomon,Nomen. Gefasskrypt. 115 (1883)

Stegania fluviatilis R. Br. Prodr. 152 (1810)Lomaria fluviatilis (R. Br.) Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 4:

64 (1827)Spicanta fluviatilis (R. Br.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.

PI. 2: 821 (1891)Lomaria rotundifolia Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci.

1: 377 (1843), non Blume (1828)Lomaria rotundifolia Raoul, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.

Ser. Ill, 2: 115 (1844), non Blume (1828), neeCol. (1843)

Lomaria fluviatilis (R. Br.) Sprengel var. ramosaCol. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20: 225 (1888)

Blechnum fraseri (A. Cunn.) Luerssen, Flora 59: 292(1876)

Lomaria fraseri A. Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag.2: 364 (1837)

Spicanta fraseri (A. Cunn.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.PI. 2: 821 (1891)

Struthiopteris fraseri (A. Cunn.) Ching, Sun-yatsenia 5: 243 (1940)

Diploblechnum fraseri (A. Cunn.) DeVol in Li etal. Fl. Taiwan 1: 153, t. 52 (1975)

Blechnum membranaceum (Col. ex Hook.) Mett. exDiels in Engl. et Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4):249 (1899)

Lomaria membranacea Col. ex Hook. Sp. Fil. 3:34, t. 145 (1859)

Spicanta membranacea (Col. ex Hook.) Kuntze,Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 821 (1891)

Struthiopteris membranacea (Col. ex Hook.)Ching, Sunyatsenia 5: 243 (1940)

Lomaria oligoneuron Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 16:346 (1884)

Lomaria intermedia Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 19: 274(1887)

Blechnum hamiltonii C. Chr. Index Fil. 155 (1905),nom. nov. pro. Lomaria intermedia Col.

Struthiopteris intermedia (Col.) Ching, Suny-atsenia 5: 243 (1940)

Lomaria pygmaea Col. Trans N.Z. Inst. 25: 322(1893)

Blechnum pygmaeum (Col.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 158(1905)

Lomaria alternans Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 28: 616(1896)

Blechnum alternans (Col.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 150(1905)

Blechnum minus (R. Br.) Ettingsh. Denkschr. Kais-erl. Akad. Wiss., Math. Naturwiss. Kl. 23: 63,t. 8, f. 5, 12 (1864)

Stegania minor R. Br. Prodr. 153 (1810)Lomaria minor (R. Br.) Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 4: 65

(1827)Lomaria procera (Forst. f.) Sprengel var. minor (R.

Br.) Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 27 (1854)

Lomaria capensis (L.) Willd. var. minor (R. Br.)Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 981 (1906)

Blechnum capense (L.) Schldl. var. minus (R. Br.)Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 116 (1914)

Lomaria procera var. gracilis Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst.25: 323 (1893)

Blechnum nigrum (Col.) Mett. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.Ser. IV, 15: 69 (1861)

Lomaria nigra Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 1: 375(1843)

Spicanta nigra (Col.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2:822 (1891)

Struthiopteris nigra (Col.) Ching, Sunyatsenia 5:243 (1940)

Polybotrya nana Fee, Hist. Acrostich. 75, t. 38, f.1 (1845)

Blechnum norfolkianum (Heward) C. Chr. Index Fil.157 (1905)

Lomaria norfolkiana Heward, London. J. Bot. 1:122 (1842)

Blechnum lanceolatum (R. Br.) J. W. Sturm var.norfolkianum (Heward) Domin, Biblioth. Bot.20, 85: 113(1914)

Lomaria acuminata Baker ex Hook, et Baker, Syn.Fil. ed. 2, 481 (1874), non Desv. (1811)

Lomaria attenuata auctt. non Willd. (1810):Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 368 (1864); G. Thom-son, Ferns N.Z. 65 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 101(1890)

Blechnum penna-marina (Poiret) Kuhn, Fil. Afr. 92(1868)

Polypodium penna-marina Poiret in Lam. Encycl.5: 520(1804)

Lomaria penna-marina (Poiret) Trev. St. Leon,Atti Reale 1st. Veneto Sci. Ill, 14: 570 (1869)

Struthiopteris penna-marina (Poiret) Maxon et C.Morton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 66: 44 (1939)

Stegania alpina R. Br. Prodr. 152 (1810)Lomaria alpina (R. Br.) Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 4: 62

(1827)Blechnum alpinum (R. Br.) Mett. Fil. Hort. Bot.

Lips. 64 (1856)Lomaria linearis Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 1:

376 (1843)Lomaria pumila Raoul, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser.

Ill, 2: 115 (1844), non Kaulf. (1824)Spicanta pumila (Raoul) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PL

2: 822 (1891)Lomaria parvifolia Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20: 224

(1888)Blechnum parvifolium (Col.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 157

(1905)Lomaria distans Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 28: 615

(1896)Blechnum hillii C. Chr. Index Fil. 155 (1905), nom.

nov. pro Lomaria distans Col.


Struthiopteris distans (Col.) Ching, Sunyatsenia 5:243 (1940)

Blechnum procerum (Forst. f.) Swartz, J. Bot.(Schrader) 1800 (2): 75 (1802)

Osmunda procera Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 78 (1786)Onoclea procera (Forst. f.) Sprengel, J. Bot.

(Schrader) 1799 (2): 267 (1800)Asplenium procerum (Forst. f.) Bernh. Abh. Kur-

flirstl- Mainz. Akad. Niltzl. Wiss Erfurt 2(7): 17,t. 1, f. 1 (1802)

Stegania procera (Forst. f.) R. Br. Prodr. 153 (1810)Lomaria procera (Forst. f.) Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 4:

65 (1827)Parablechnum procerum (Forst. f.) C. Presl, Epi-

mel. Bot. 109 (1851)Blechnopteris procera (Forst. f.) Trevis. St. Leon,

Atti Reale 1st. Veneto Sci. II, 2: 166 (1851)Lomaria latifolia Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 2:

175 (1845)Lomaria duplicata Potts, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 9: 491

(1877)Blechnum minus auctt. non Ettingsh. (1864): Allan,

Fl. N.Z. 1: 81 (1961); Crookes, N.Z. Ferns, ed.6, 280 (1963)

Blechnum vulcanicum (Blume) Kuhn, Ann. Mus.Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 4: 284 (1869)

Lomaria vulcanica Blume, Enum. PI. Javae 202(1828)

Spicanta vulcanica (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen.PI. 2: 822 (1891)

Lomaria deltoides Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 1:376 (1843)

Lomaria deflexa Col. Tasmanian J. Nat. Sci. 2:178 (1845)

Lomaria paucijuga Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20: 222(1888)

Blechnum sp. ("Green Bay")Lomaria capense var. carsi Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns

ed. 3, 222, f. 76c (1931) — as Lomaria australisvar. carsi but corrected in errata

Blechnum sp. ("black spot")Stegania procera (Forst. f.) R. Br. var. stipulosa A.

Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 86, t. 13 (1832)Lomaria procera var. tegmentosa Hombron, Voy.

Pole Sud, Bot. t. 2e (1843)Lomaria procera var. flagelliformis Szyszyl. in

Wawra, Itin. princ. Coburgi 121 (1888)Lomaria capensis auctt. non Willd. (1810): Chee-

sem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 980 (1906); Dobbie, N.Z.Ferns ed. 2, 196 (1921); Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed.3,216(1931)

Blechnum capense auctt. non Schldl. (1825):Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 58 (1925); Allan,Fl. N.Z. 1: 80 (1961); Crookes, N.Z. Ferns, ed.6, 282 (1963)

Blechnum sp. ("mountain")Blechnum X aggregatum (Col.) Tindale, Proc. Linn.

Soc. New South Wales 85: 254 (1960), pro sp.[= B. chambersii Tindale X membranaceum(Col. ex Hook.) Mett]

Lomaria aggregata Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 20: 223(1888)

Blechnum incertae sedisThe following names are of uncertain status and

require further investigation:Blechnum capense (L.) Schldl. var. hookerianum

Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 115 (1914)Blechnum capense (L.) Schldl. var. contractum

Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 15 (1914)Blechnum capense (L.) Schldl. var. acuminatum

Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 115 (1914)Blechnum capense (L.) Schldl. var. auriculatum

Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 115 (1914)Lomaria paleacea Potts, N.Z. Country J. 6: 84

(1881)

DOODIA R. Br.Doodia aspera R. Br. Prodr. 151 (1810)

Woodwardia aspera (R. Br.) Fee, Gen. Fil. 207(1852)

Doodia media R. Br. Prodr. 151(1810) subsp. aus-tralis Parris, N.Z. J. Bot. 10: 593 (1972)

Doodia kunthiana auctt. non Gaudich. (1827): A.Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 365 (1837);Raoul, Choix PI. N.Z. 38 (1846)

Doodia milnei Carruth. in Seemann, Fl. Viti. 352(1873)

Doodia media R. Br. var. milnei (Carruth.) Bakerex Hook, et Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 2, 482 (1874)

Doodia caudata (Cav.) R. Br. var. milnei (Car-ruth.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 126 (1915)

Doodia connexa sensu Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl.369 (1864), non Kunze (1848)

IDoodia media R. Br. var. connexa G. Thomson,Ferns N.Z. 71 (1882)

Doodia mollis Parris, N.Z. J. Bot. 18: 145 (1980)Doodia media R. Br. var. caudata G. Thomson,

Ferns N.Z. 71 (1882)Doodia caudata auctt. non R. Br. (1810): A. Rich.

Essai Fl. N.Z. 76 (1832); A. Cunn. CompanionBot. Mag. 2: 364 (1837); Raoul, Choix PI. N.Z.38 (1846); Hook. f. Fl. N.Z. 2: 37 (1854) excl.syn.; Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 37 (1864); Chee-sem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 986 (1906); Cheesem. Man.N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 63 (1925); Allan, Fl. N.Z. 1: 77(1961); Crookes, N.Z. Ferns ed. 6, 310 (1963)

Doodia squarrosa Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 13: 382(1881)

Doodia caudata Baker, Ann. Bot. (London) 5: 221(1891)


Doodia caudata (Cav.) R. Br. var. squarrosa (Col.)C. Chr. Index Fil. 242 (1905)

Doodia X digena Parris, N.Z. J. Bot. 10: 596 (1972)[= D. caudata (Cav.) R. Br. X media R. Br.subsp. australis]

MARSILEACEAEPILULARIA L.Pilularia novae-zelandiae Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 9:

547, t. 29 (1877)Calamistrum novae-zelandiae (Kirk) Kuntze,

Revis. Gen. PI. 2: 822 (1891)

SALVINIACEAEAZOLLA Lam.Azolla filiculoides Lam. Encycl. 1: 343 (1783)Azolla rubra R. Br. Prodr. 167 (1810)Azolla filiculoides Lam. var. rubra (R. Br.) Stras-

burger, Ueber Azolla 78 (1873)* Azolla pinnata R. Br. Prodr. 167 (1810)

SALVINIA Seguier*Salvinia molesta D. Mitch. Brit. Fern Gaz. 10: 251

(1972)

SPECIES ERRONEOUSLY OR DUBIOUSLYRECORDED FOR NEW ZEALAND

Adiantum clavatum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 83(1786), non L. (1753) = Davallia forsteri Car-ruth, ex Hook, et Baker (see below)

Alsophila lunulata (Forst. f.) R. Br. Prodr. 158(1810) = Sphaeropteris lunulata (Forst. f.) R.Tryon, Contr. Gray Herb. 200: 22 (1970)

Recorded by Brackenr. U.S. Expl. Exped., Filic.286 (1854)

Angiopteris aurata Vriese in Vriese et Hartig, Mon-ogr. Maratt. 22 (1853)

Aspidium serra (Swartz) Swartz, J. Bot. (Schrader)1800(2): 33(1802)

Recorded by A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 68 (1832); A.Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 367 (1837); Raoul,Choix PI. N.Z. 38 (1846)

Asplenium difforme R. Br. Prodr. 151 (1810)Recorded by Hook. f. J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 1:

128 (1857); T. Moore, Index Fil. 124 (1859); C.Chr. Index Fil. 108 (1905)

Asplenium flexuosum Schrader, Goett. Gel. Anz.916 (1818)

Recorded by Fourn. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser. V,18: 309(1873)

Asplenium vulcanicum Blume, Enum. PL Javae 176(1828)

Recorded by Fourn. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser. V,18: 306 (1873)

Cyclophorus confluens (R. Br.) C. Chr. Index Fil.198 (1908) = Pyrrosia confluens (R. Br.) Ching,Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 49 (1935)

Recorded by C. Chr. loc. cit.; Domin, Biblioth.Bot. 20, 85: 188 (1915)

Davallia forsteri Carruth. ex Hook, et Baker, Syn.Fil. ed. 2, 470 (1874) = Sphenomeris angusti-folia (Bernh.) Brownlie, Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc.N.Z. 87: 196 (1959)

Recorded by Hook, et Baker loc. cit.; G. Thom-son, Ferns N.Z. 49 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 74(1890); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 956 (1906); J.B. Armstr. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 13: 364 (1881) —as Microlepia forsteri J. B. Armstr.; C. Chr. IndexFil. 464 (1906) — as Odontosoria angustifolia(Bernh.) C. Chr.

Davallia pinkneyi Col. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 29: 415(1897) = Microlepia strigosa (Thunb.) C. Presl,Epimel. Bot. 95 (1851)

Microlepia pinkneyi (Col.) C. Chr. Index Fil. 427(1906)

The dubious record of this species in New Zealandis explained by Brownlie, Trans. & Proc. Roy.Soc. N.Z. 87: 195 (1959)

Davallia dubia R. Br. Prodr. 157 (1810) = Culcitadubia (R. Br.) Maxon, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12:458 (1922)

Recorded by J. B. Armstr. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 13:368 (1881); ibid. 12: 346 (1880) — as Den-nstaedtia dubia J. Smith (see Kirk, N.Z. J. Sci1: 387, 1882)

Grammitis scolopendrina Bory in Duperrey, Voy.Monde, Crypt. 257, t. 30, f. 1 (1829) = Loxo-gramme scolopendrioides (Gaudich.) C. Morton,Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 33: 242 (1973)

Recorded by Bory loc. cit.; A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z.62 (1832); A. Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2:362 (1837); Raoul, Choix PI. N.Z. 37 (1846)

Hymenophyllum ciliatum (Swartz) Swartz, J. Bot.(Schrader) ' 1800 (2): 100 (1802) =Hymenophyllum hirsutum (L.) Swartz, J. Bot.(Schrader) 1800 (2): 99 (1802)

Recorded by Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 747 (1867);Hook, et Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 2, 63 (1874); G.Thomson, Ferns N.Z. 43 (1882); Field, FernsN.Z. 64 (1890); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 937(1906); Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. ed. 2, 11 (1925);Allan, Fl. N.Z. 1: 29 (1961)

Hymenophyllum emarginatum Swartz, J. Bot.(Schrader) 1800(2): 101 (1802)

Recorded by Fourn. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser. V,18: 266 (1873)

Hymenophyllum secundum Hook, et Grev. Icon.Fil. 2: t. 133 (1829)


Recorded also by A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 94 (1832);A. Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 369 (1837);Raoul, Choix PI. N.Z. 39 (1846)

Hymenophyllum tortuosum Hook, et Grev. Icon.Fil. 2: t. 129 (1829)

Recorded also by A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 94 (1832);A. Cunn. Companion Bot. Mag. 2: 369 (1837);Raoul, Choix PI. N.Z. 39 (1846)

Lindsaea incisa Prentice, J. Bot. 11: 295 (1873)Recorded by C. Chr. Index Fil. 394 (1906)

Lindsaea microphylla Swartz, J. Bot. (Schrader)1800 (2): 79 (1802)

Recorded by Hook, et Baker, Syn. Fil. 110 (1867)(in error for L. viridis Col. — see Baker, J. Bot.13: 108-10, 1875); C. Chr. Index Fil. 395 (1906)

Lindsaea repens (Bory) Beddome, Ferns S. India72, t. 209 (1864)

Recorded by Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 85(1914)

Lomaria germainii Hook. Sp. Fil. 3: 32 (1859) =Blechnum germainii (Hook.) Christ, Bull. Herb.Boissier, Ser. II, 2: 554 (1902)

Lomaria subcordata Fourn. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser.V, 18: 316 (1873) = Blechnum subcordatum(Fourn.) Brownlie, Fl. Nouv. Caledon. 3: 248(1969)

Phymatodes viellardii (Mett.) Fourn. Ann. Sci. Nat.Bot. Ser. V, 18: 287 (1873)

Polypodium acrostichoides Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr.81 (1786) = Pyrrosia acrostichoides (Forst. f.)Ching, Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 69 (1935)

Recorded by A. Rich. Essai Fl. N.Z. 63 (1832)Polypodium invisum Forst. f. Fl. Ins. Austr. 81

(1786) = Sphaerostephanos invisus (Forst. f.)Holttum, Allertonia 1: 211 (1977)

Polystichum mohrioides (Bory) C. Presl, Tent.Pterid. 83 (1836)

Recorded by Kirk, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 14: 386 (1882);Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 998 (1906) — as Aspi-dium mohrioides; Dobbie, N.Z. Ferns ed. 4, 242(1951); Allan, Fl. N.Z. 1: 89 (1961); Crookes,N.Z. Ferns ed. 6, 238 (1963)

Pteris longifolia L. Sp. PI. 2: 1074 (1753)Recorded by J. Buchanan, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 14:

356 (1882); Field, Ferns N.Z. 90 (1890)Tmesipteris truncata (R. Br.) Desv. Mem. Soc. Linn.

Paris 6: 192 (1827)Recorded by Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20, 85: 231

(1915) — as T. tannensis (Sprengel) Bernh. var.truncata (R. Br.) Domin; C. Reed, Bol. Soc. Brot.40: 85 (1966)

Trichomanes bipunctatum Poiret in Lam. Encycl.8: 69 (1808)

Recorded by Copel. Philipp. J. Sci. 51: 177 (1933)

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF NAMES

Acrophorus hispidus T. MooreAcrostichum barbarum L.

dichotomum L.leptophyllum (L.) Lam. et DC.

Adiantum aethiopicum L.affine auctt. non Willd.affine Willd.affine var. chathamicum Fieldaffine var. heterophyllum Col.affine var. pullum (Col.) Dominassimile Swartzcapillus-veneris L.clavatum Forst. f.cuneatum Forst. f.cuneatum Langsd. et F. Fischercunneipinnulum Nair et Ghoshcunninghamii Hook.diaphanum Blume

Page462450450451

433, 451451

438, 451451451451451

433, 437, 451472

438, 462438, 451438, 451

433, 438, 451433, 451

diaphanum var. polymorphum (Col.) Cheesem.451

formosum auct. non R. Br. 451formosum R. Br. 433, 451formosum var. cunninghamii (Hook.) F. Muell.

451fulvum Raoul 433, 438, 451hispidulum Swartz 433, 438, 451lineare (Swartz) Poiret 462pedatum Forst. f. 451polymorphum Col. 451pubescens Schkuhr 438, 451pullum Col. 451raddianum C. Presl 433, 437, 451setulosum J. Smith 451silvaticum Tindale 438trapeziforme Forst. f. 451trichomanoides (Dryander) Poiret 462trigonum Labill. 451tuberosum Col. 451viridescens Col. 433, 438, 451

Allantodia australis R. Br. 466tenera R. Br. 466

Allosorus esculentus (Forst. f.) C. Presl 463falcatus (R. Br.) Kunze 452rotundifolius (Forst. f.) Kunze 452scaberulus (A. Rich.) C. Presl 463

Alsophila colensoi Hook. f. 459cunninghamii (Hook. f. in Hook.) R. Tryon 459kermadecensis (W. R. B. Oliver) R. Tryon 459lunulata (Forst. f.) R. Br. 472milnei (Hook, ex Hook, f.) R. Tryon 459smithii (Hook, f.) R. Tryon 459tricolor (Col.) R. Tryon 459

Anarthropteris dictyopteris (Mett.) Copel. 454lanceolata (J. Smith) L. Moore 454


lanceolata (J. Smith ex Hook, f.) Pichi Serm.433, 454

Angiopteris aurata de Vriese in Vriese et Hartig472

Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link 433, 451

Apteropteris malingii (Hook.) Copel. 457

Arachniodes aristata (Forst. f.) Tindale 434, 465

Arthropteris tenella (Forst. f.) J. Smith ex Hook. f.435, 468

Aspidium aculeatum auct. non Swartz 468aculeatum (L.) Swartz var. sylvaticum (Col.)Cheesem. 467

aculeatum var. vestitum (Forst. f.) Hook, exHook. f. 468

aristatum (Forst. f.) Swartz 465capense Willd. 468cordifolium (L.) Swartz 468coriaceum (Swartz) Swartz 468coriaceum var. acutidentatum A. Rich. 467coriaceum var. Integra A. Rich. 468cunninghamianum Col. 468cunninghamii Col. 468cunninghamii Kunze 460cystostegia Hook. 467glabellum (A. Cunn.) Lowe 466hirsutulum (Forst. f.) Swartz 468hispidum Swartz 466lentum D. Don 467mohrioides Bory 473molle Swartz 460novae-zelandiae Ettingsh. 461nymphale (Forst. f.) Schkuhr 460oculatum Hook. 467pennigerum (Forst. f.) Swartz 460perelegans Col. 468proliferum auctt. non R. Br. 468proliferum R. Br. 467pulcherrimum Col. 468richardi Hook. 467serra (Swartz) Swartz 472squamigerum (Schldl.) Fee 461thelypteris (L.) Swartz var. squamigerumSchldl. 461

tuberosum Bory ex Willd. 468uliginosum Kunze 460velutinum A. Rich. 467venustum (Hombron) Hook. f. 468vestitum (Forst. f.) Swartz 468waikarense Col. 468wawraeanum Szyszyl. in Wawra 467zerophyllum Col. 467

Asplenium adiantoides (L.) C. Chr. 464adiantoides (L.) C. Chr. var. polyodon (Forst. f.)C. Chr. 464

adiantoides Raoul 463

adiantoides Raoul var. colensoi (Col.) Hook. f.463

adiantoides Raoul var. hookeriana (Col.)Hook. f. 463

adiantoides Raoul var. minus Hook. f. inHook. 463

adiantoides Raoul var. richardii Hook. f. inHook. 464

angustifolium Jacq. 454anomodum Col. 464apice-dentatum Hombron 464appendiculatum (Labill.) C. Presl 465aucklandicum (Hook, f.) Crookes 464australe (R. Br.) Brackenr. 466brownii J. Smith 466bulbiferum Forst. f. 434, 463bulbiferum subsp. gracillimum (Col.) Brownsey

434, 463bulbiferum var. appendiculata (Labill.) C. Chr.

434, 463bulbiferum var. canterburiense (J. B. Armstr.) C.Chr. 465

bulbiferum var. decomposita Kirk 465bulbiferum var. flaccidum (Forst. f.) Domin 463bulbiferum var. Integra Kirk 465bulbiferum var. laxa Hook. f. 465bulbiferum var. pseudo-lucidum Kirk 465bulbiferum var. shuttleworthianum (Kunze) G.Thomson 464

bulbiferum var. tremulum (Hombron) Domin465

bulbiferum var. tripinnatum Hook. f. 465bulbiferum var. triste (Raoul) Hook. f. 464canterburiense J. B. Armstr. 465caudatum auctt. non Forst. f. 464chathamense Brownsey 434, 442, 463colensoi Col. 463decurrens Willd. 464difforme R. Br. 472d'urvillei Mett. 464falcatum auctt. non Swartz 464falcatum Lam. 464falcatum var. caudatum sensu Allan 464flabellifolium Cav. 434, 463flabellifolium var. ramosum Col. 463flaccidum Forst. f. 434, 442, 463flaccidum subsp. haurakiense Brownsey 434,

463flaccidum var. aucklandicum Hook. f. 464flaccidum var. littoralis Dobbie 464flaccidum var. shuttleworthianum (Kunze)Hook. f. 464

flexuosum Schrader 472forsterianum Col. 464gracillimum Col. 463heterophyllum A. Rich. 463hookerianum Col. 434, 463


hookerianum var. colensoi (Col.) T. Moore 463hookerianum var. minus (Hook, f.) Domin 463hookerianum var. ornatum (Col.) Domin 463japonicum auctt. non Thunb. 466lamprophyllum Carse 434, 463laxum R. Br. 465leptophyllum (L.) Swartz 451lucidum Forst. f. 442, 464lucidum var. anomodum (Col.) Cheesem. 464lucidum var. aucklandicum (Hook, f.) Allan 464lucidum var. lyallii Hook. f. 463lucidum var. obliquum (Forst. f.) T. Moore 464lucidum var. paucifolium Hook. 464lucidum var. scleroprium (Hombron) T. Moore

464lyallii (Hook, f.) T. Moore 434, 463marinum L. var. bulbiferum (Forst. f.) F.Muell. 463

marinum var. flaccida (Forst. f.) F. Muell. 463marinum var. obtusata (Forst. f.) F. Muell. 464melanolepis Col. 464obliquum Forst. f. 464oblongifolium Col. 434, 442, 464obtusatum Forst. f. 434, 464obtusatum subsp. northlandicum Brownsey 434,

464obtusatum var. anomodum (Col.) Domin 464obtusatum var. integrifolium Szyszyl. in Wawra

464obtusatum var. lucidum (Forst. f.) Hook, etBaker 464

obtusatum var. lyallii G. Thomson 463obtusatum var. obliquum (Forst. f.) Hook. f. 464obtusatum var. pseudo-falcatum Kirk 465obtusatum var. scleroprium G. Thomson 464odontites (Thunb.) R. Br. 463ornatum Col. 463pauperequitum Brownsey 434, 442, 464petersenii Kunze 466polyodon Forst. f. 434, 464procerum (Forst. f.) Bernh. 471ramosum Dobbie 463raouli Mett. 463raoulii var. richardii (Hook, f.) Mett. 464richardii (Hook, f.) Hook. f. 434, 464richardii var. colensoi (Col.) Hook. 463rotundifolium Ettingsh. 465scleroprium Hombron 434, 464scolopendrium L. 465shuttleworthianum Kunze 434, 464subglandulosum (Hook, et Grev.) Salvo, Pradaet Diaz 442

symmetricum Col. 463terrestre Brownsey 434, 442, 464terrestre subsp. maritimum Brownsey 434, 464tremulum Hombron 465trichomanes L. 434, 442, 464

trichomanes var. melanolepis (Col.) C. Chr. 464triste Raoul 464umbrosum auctt. non J. Smith 466umbrosum var. leumfolia Dobbie 466umbrosum var. multifidum Dobbie 466umbrosum (Aiton) J. Smith var. tenuifoliumKirk 442, 466

vulcanicum Blume 472Athyriopsis petersenii (Kunze) Ching 466Athyrium australe (R. Br.) C. Presl 466

brownii (J. Smith) J. Smith 466congruum (Brackenr.) Copel. 466filix-femina (L.) Roth 434, 442, 465japonicum auctt. non Copel. 442, 466umbrosum auct. non C. Presl 466umbrosum (Aiton) C. Presl subsp. australe (R.Br.) C. Chr. 466umbrosum (Aiton) C. Presl var. australe (R. Br.)Domin 466

Azolla filiculoides Lam. 435, 445, 472filiculoides var. rubra (R. Br.) Strasburger 472pinnata R. Br. 435, 445, 472rubra R. Br. 445, 472

Balantium fibrosum (Col.) Fee 459lanata (Col.) Fee 459squarrosum (Forst. f.) Kunze 459

Bernhardia novae-hollandiae K. Mtiller 446tannensis (Sprengel) K. Muller 447

Blechnopteris procera (Forst. f.) Trev. St. Leon471Blechnum aggregatum auct. non Tindale 445, 469

X aggregatum (Col.) Tindale 471alpinum (R. Br.) Mett. 470alternans (Col.) C. Chr. 470banksii (Hook, f.) Mett. ex Diels in Engl. etPrantl 435, 469

capense auctt. non Schldl. 435, 445, 471capense Burm. f. 445capense (L.) Schldl. var. acuminatum Domin

471capense var. auriculatum Domin 471capense var. contractum Domin 471capense var. hookerianum Domin 471capense var. minus (R. Br.) Domin 470chambersii Tindale 435, 445, 469colensoi (Hook. f. in Hook.) Wakef. 435, 445,

469discolor (Forst. f.) Keys. 435, 469doodioides (Brackenr.) Brownlie 445, 469doodioides Hook. 445durum (T. Moore) C. Chr. 435, 469filiforme (A. Cunn.) Ettingsh. 435, 469fluviatile (R. Br.) Lowe ex Salomon 435, 445,

470fraseri (A. Cunn.) Luerssen ' 435, 444, 470germainii (Hook.) Christ 473hamiltonii C. Chr. 470


hillii C. Chr. 470lanceolatum (R. Br.) J. W. Sturm 445, 469lanceolatum var. norfolkianum (Heward)Domin 470

membranaceum (Col. ex Hook.) Mett. ex Dielsin Engl. et Prantl 435, 445, 470minus auctt. non Ettingsh. 471minus (R. Br.) Ettingsh. 435, 445, 470nigrum (Col.) Mett. 435, 470norfolkianum (Heward) C. Chr. 435, 445, 470parvifolium (Col.) C. Chr. 470patersoni auctt. non Mett. 445, 469patersoni (R. Br.) Mett. var. elongatum (Blume)Domin 469

penna-marina (Poiret) Kuhn 435, 445, 470pwcerum (Forst. f.) Swartz 435, 445, 471pygmaeum (Col.) C. Chr. 470reptans Luerssen 469subcordatum (Fourn.) Brownlie 473vulcanicum (Blume) Kuhn 435, 445, 471wattsii Tindale 445

Botrychium australe R. Br. 433, 436, 449australe var. erosum (J. Milde) Prantl 449australe var. millefolium (F. Hochst. ex J. Milde)Prantl 449

australe var. typicum R. T. Clausen 449biforme Col. 433, 449cicutarium auct. non Swartz 449cicutarium Swartz var. dissectum Hook. f. 449cicutarium var. virginicum (Hook, f.) W. L.Lindsay 449

dissectum auct. non Sprengel 449erosum J. Milde 449lunaria (L.) Swartz 433, 436, 449ternatum auctt. non Swartz 449tematum (Thunb.) Swartz var. australe (R. Br.)Domin 449

ternatum var. dissectum G. Thomson 449ternatum var. erosum (J. Milde) J. Milde 449virginicum auct. non Willd. 449

Byrsopteris aristata (Forst. f.) C. Morton 465

Caenopteris appendiculata Labill. 465bulbifera (Forst. f.) Desv. 463flaccida (Forst. f.) Thunb. 463novae-zelandiae Sprengel 463odontites Thunb. 463

Calamistrum novae-zelandiae (Kirk) Kuntze 472Calymella alpina (R. Br.) C. Presl 453

dicarpa (R. Br.) C. Presl 453major Nakai 453microphylla (R. Br.) C. Presl 453semi-vestita (Labill.) Ching 453

Cardiomanes reniforme (Forst. f.) C. Presl 458Ceterach rutaefolium (R. Br.) Mett. 465Cheilanthes ambigua Brackenr. 452

ambigua A. Rich. 461

austrotenuifolia Quirk et Chambers 438, 452dicksonioides Endl. 461distans (R. Br.) Mett. 433, 438, 452erecta Col. 452kirkii J. B. Armstr. 452pellucida Col. 461preissiana Kunze in Lehmann 452sieberi Kunze in Lehmann 433, 438, 452sieberi subsp. pseudovellaea Quirk et Chambers

438sieberi var. deltoidea J. B. Armstr. 452tenuifolia (Burm. f.) Swartz 438, 452tenuifolia subsp. sieberi (Kunze) Domin 452tenuifolia var. sieberi (Kunze) Hook. f. 452venosa Col. 452

Christella dentata (Forsskal) Brownsey et Jermy434, 459

Chrysopteris billardieri (R. Br.) Link 455Craspedaria serpens (Forst. f.) C. Presl 455Craspedophyllum armstrongii (Baker) Rae ex

Copel. 456cheesemanii (Baker) Wakef. 456

Crepidophyllum endlicherianum (C. Presl) C.Reed

433,

Crepidopteris endlicheriana (C. Presl) Copel.Ctenitis decomposita auct. non Copel.

glabella (A. Cunn.) Copel.pentangularis (Col.) Alstonvelutina (A. Rich.) Copel.

Ctenopteris grammitidis (R. Br.) J. Smithheterophylla (Labill.) Tindale

Culcita dubia (R. Br.) MaxonCyathea colensoi (Hook, f.) Domin 434, 459

cunninghamii Hook. f. in Hook. 434, 441, 459dealbata (Forst. f.) Swartz 434, 459dealbata var. tricolor (Col.) Domin 459falciloba (Col.) Dominkermadecensis W. R. B. Olivermedullaris (Forst. f.) Swartzmedullaris var. integra Hook.

458458467466467467454454472

459434, 459434, 459

459medullaris var. polyneuron (Col.) C. Chr. 459milnei Hook, ex Hook.f. 434, 459novae-zelandiae Domin 459polyneuron Col. 459smithii Hook. f. 434, 459tricolor Col. 459

Cyclophorus confluens (R. Br.) C. Chr. 472serpens (Forst. f.) C. Chr. 455

Cyclosorus dentatus (Forsskal) Ching 460gongylodes (Schkuhr) Link 460interruptus (Willd.) H. Ito 434, 441, 460nymphalis (Forst. f.) Ching 460pennigerus (Forst. f.) Ching 460pennigerus var. hamiltoni (Col.) Crookes inDobbie 461


Cyrtomium falcatum (L.f.) C. Presl 434, 465Cystopteris apiiformis Gand. 443, 466

fragilis auctt. non Bernh. 465fragilis (L.) Bernh. . 434, 443, 465fragilis var. apiiformis (Gand.) C. Chr. 443, 466fragilis var. laetevirens (Prentice) C. Chr. 465fragilis var. tasmanica (Hook.) Hook. f. 465laciniatus Col. 443, 465novae-zelandiae J. B. Armstr. 465tasmanica Hook. 434, 443, 465

Darea flaccida (Forst. f.) Willd. 463odontites (Thunb.) Willd. 463

Davallia dubia R. Br. 472forsteri Carruth. ex Hook, et Baker 472multifidum (Forst. f.) Sprengel 457novae-zelandiae Col. 462pinkneyi Col. 472tasmani Cheesem. 468tasmanii Field 435, 468

Dennstaedtia dubia J. Smith 472novae-zelandiae (Col.) Keys. 462

Deperia japonica (Thunb.) Kato 442petersenii (Kunze) Kato subsp. congrua (Brack-enr.) Kato 434, 442, 466

tenuifolia (Kirk) Kato 434, 442, 466Dicksonia antarctica auctt. non Labill. 459

antarctica Labill. var. fibrosa (Col.) Kirk 459fibrosa Col. 434, 459fibrosa var. microcarpa (Col.) C. Chr. 459gracilis Col. 459lanata Col. 434, 459lanata var. hispida Col. 459microcarpa Col. 459sparmanniana Col. 459squarrosa (Forst. f.) Swartz 434, 459squarrosa var. gracilis (Col.) C. Chr. 459

Dicranopteris dichotoma (Thunb.) Bernh. 452linearis (Burm. f.) L. Underw. 433, 452

Dictymia lanceolata J. Smith ex Hook. f. 454Dictyopteris lanceolata J. Smith 454Diphazium decurrens (R. Br.) Holub 448

scariosum (Forst. f.) Rothm. 448Diplazium australe (R. Br.) Wakef. 434, 442, 466

congruum Brackenr. 466japonicum auct. non Beddome 466petersenii (Kunze) Christ 466

Diploblechnum fraseri (A. Cunn.) DeVol in Li etal. 470

Diplooephyllum dilatatum (Forst. f.) Bosch 456scabrum (A. Rich.) Bosch 458

Doodia aspera R. Br. 435, 444, 471caudata auct. non R. Br. 444, 471caudata Baker 471caudata (Cav.) R. Br. var. milnei (Carruth.)Domin 471

caudata (Cav.) R. Br. var. squarrosa (Col.) C.Chr. 472

connexa Hook. f. 471X digena Parris 472kunthiana auctt. non Gaudich. 471media R. Br. subsp. australis Parris 435, 471media var. caudata G. Thomson 471media var. connexa G. Thomson 471media var. milnei (Carruth.) Baker ex Hook, etBaker 471

milnei Carruth. in Seemann 435, 471mollis Parris 435, 444, 471squarrosa Col. 435, 471

Drynaria billardieri (R. Br.) J. Smith 455scandens (Forst. f.) Fee 455

Dryopteris adiantiformis (Forst. f.) Kuntze 468affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenkins 434, 443, 466aristata (Forst. f.) Kuntze 465borreri Newman 466cystostegia (Hook.) Kuntze 467decomposita auct. non Kuntze 467dentata (Forsskal) C. Chr. 460dilatata (Hoffm.) A Gray 434, 443, 466filix-mas (L.) Schott 435, 443, 466glabella (A. Cunn.) C. Chr. 466gongylodes (Schkuhr) Kuntze 460gongylodes var. glabra (Mett.) Domin 460hispida (Swartz) Kuntze 467molle (Swartz) Hieron. 460nymphalis (Forst. f.) Copel. 460oculata (Hook.) Kuntze 467parasitica auct. non Kuntze 460pennigera (Forst. f.) C. Chr. 460pennigera var. hamiltoni (Col.) Cheesem. 461pseudo-mas (Wollaston) Holub et Pouzar 466punctata auctt. non. C. Chr. 462richardi (Hook.) Kuntze 467setigera auctt. non Kuntze 460thelypteris (L.) A. Gray var. squamulosum sensuCheesem. 461uliginosa (Kunze) C. Chr. 460velutina (A. Rich.) Kuntze 467

Equisetum arvense L. 433, 436, 449Gleichenia alpina R. Br. 439, 453

ciliata Col. 453circinnata Swartz 439, 453circinnata var. alpina (R. Br.) Dobbie 453circinnata var. hecistophylla (A. Cunn.)Hook. f. 453

circinnata var. mendellii T. Moore ex G.Schneider 453

circinnata var. patens (Col.) Domin 453circinnata var. semi-vestita (Labill.) T. Moore

453cunninghamii Heward ex Hook. 453cunninghamii var. montanum Dobbie 453dicarpa R. Br. 433, 439, 452, 453


dicarpa var. alpina (R. Br.) Hook. f. 439, 453dicarpa var. hecistophylla (A. Cunn.) G.Schneider 453

dicarpa var. major T. Moore 453dichotoma (Thunb.) Hook. 452flabellata R. Br. 453hecistophylla A. Cunn. 439, 453hermanni R. Br. 452littoralis Col. 453linearis (Burm. f.) C. B. Clarke 452microphylla R. Br. 433, 439, 453microphylla var. semi-vestita (Labill.) Alderw.

453patens Col. 453punctulata Col. 453semi-vestita Labill. 453semi-vestita var. hecistophylla (A. Cunn.)Hook. f. 453

speluncae R. Br. var. glandulosa T. Moore 453Gleicheniastrum circinnatum var. mendellii (T.

Moore) Nakai 453hecistophyllum (A. Cunn.) Nakai 453hecistophyllum var. majus (T. Moore) Nakai

453microphyllum (R. Br.) C. Presl 453microphyllum var. semi-vestitum (Labill.)Nakai 453

semi-vestitum (Labill.) C. Presl 453Goniopteris forsteri T'. Moore 461

pennigera (Forst. f.) J. Smith 461Grammitis araucana Philippi 454

armstrongii Tindale 439, 455australis R. Br. 454australis var. alpina S. Jones 454australis var. nana Franchet 454australis var. villosa Hook. f. 454billardieri Willd. 433, 454billardieri var. magellanica (Desv.) Sota 454ciliata Col. 433, 454ciliata Sota 454crassa Fee 439, 455givenii Parris in Parris et Given 433, 454grammitidis (R. Br.) Keys. 454heterophylla Labill. 454humilis Hombron 454kerguelenensis Tard. 455leptophylla (L.) Swartz 451magellanica Desv. 433, 454magellanica subsp. nothofageti Parris in Parriset Given 433, 454nana Brackenr. 454patagonica (C. Chr.) Parris in Parris et Given

433, 454poeppigiana (Mett.) Pichi Serm. 433, 439, 454pseudociliata Parris in Parris et Given 433, 455pumila J. B. Armstr. 454rawlingsii Parris in Parris et Given 433, 455

rigida Hombron 433, 439, 455rutaefolia R. Br. 465scolopendrina Bory in Duperrey 472

Gymnogramma alpina Potts 465billardieri Kaulf. 454leptophylla (L.) Desv. 451novae-zelandiae Col. 451pozoi (Lagasca) Desv. var. rutaefolia (R. Br.)Hook, et Baker 465

rutaefolia (R. Br.) Desv. 465Gymnopteris discolor (Forst. f.) Bernh. 469

Hemionitis discolor (Forst. f.) Schkuhr 469leptophylla (L.) Lagasca 451

Hemitelia falciloba Col. 459microphylla Col. 459smithii (Hook, f.) Hook, ex Hook, et Baker 459smithii var. microphylla (Col.) Cheesem. 459stellulata Col. 459

Histiopteris incisa (Thunb.) J. Smith 434, 461vespertilionis (Labill.) J. Smith 461

Huperzia australiana (Herter) Holub 447billardieri (Spring) Rothm. 448helmii (Nessel) Holub 448myrtifolia (Forst. f.) Holub 448novae-zelandiae (Col.) Holub 448polaris (Herter ex Nessel) Holub 448varia (R. Br.) Rothm. 448

Hymenophyllum aeruginosum auctt. nonCarmich. 457

aeruginosum (Poiret) Carmich. var. franklin-ianum (Col.) Hook. 457

alpinum Col. 457antarcticum C. Presl. 456armstrongii (Baker) Kirk 434, 456atrovirens Col. 434, 440, 456aucklandicum Bosch 456australe Willd. 440, 456, 457australe var. atrovirens (Col.) C. Chr. 456australe var. aucklandicum (Bosch) C. Chr. 456australe var. flexuosum (A. Cunn.) C. Chr. 457bivalve (Forst. f.) Swartz 434, 456cheesemanni Baker in Hook. f. 456cheesemanii var. armstrongii (Baker) Cheesem.

456ciliatum (Swartz) Swartz 472crispatum Hook, et Grev. 456cristulatum Rosenstock 458cupressiforme Labill. 434, 440, 456demissum (Forst. f.) Swartz 434, 456demissum var. megalocarpum (Col.) C. Chr.

456demissum var. polychilum (Col.) Domin 456dilatatum (Forst. f.) Swartz 434, 456emarginatum Swartz 472erecto-alatum Col. 456ferrugineum Colla 434, 457


flabellatum Labill.flexuosum A. Cunn.frankliniae Col.franklinianum Col.hirsutum (L.) Swartzimbricatum Col.javanicum Sprengel

434, 457434, 440, 457

457457472457457

javanicum var. atrovirens (Col.) Hook, et Baker456

lophocarpum Col. 458lyallii Hook. f. 434, 457malingii (Hook.) Mett. 434, 457megalocarpum Col. 456melanocheilos Col. 456meyeri C. Presl 457minimum A. Rich. 434, 440, 457montanum Kirk 440, 456multifidum (Forst. f.) Swartz 434, 457multifidum var. alpinum (Col.) Domin 457multifidum var. oligocarpum (Col.) Domin 457multifidum var. truncatum (Col.) Domin 457neo-zelandicum Gand. 456nitens R. Br. 457oligocarpum Col. 457peltatum (Poiret) Desv. 434, 440, 457polyanthos auctt. non Swartz 458polyanthos (Swartz) Swartz var. sanguinolentum(Forst. f.) Hook, ex Hook. f. 458

polychilum Col. 456pulcherrimum Col. 434, 457pusillum Col. 457pygmaeum Col. 440, 457pyriforme Bosch • 456rarum R. Br. 434, 457revolutum Col. 434, 440, 457rufescens Kirk 434, 458sanguinolentum (Forst. f.) Swartz 434, 440, 458sanguinolentum var. lophocarpum (Col.)Domin 458

scabrum A. Rich. 434, 458scabrum var. hirtum Col. 458secundum Hook, et Grev. 472semibivalve Hook, et Grev. 457spathulatum Col. 456subtilissimum Kunze 457tortuosum Hook, et Grev. 473truncatum Col. 457tunbridgense auctt. non J. E. Smith 458tunbridgense var. cupressiforme auctt. nonLabill. 458

tunbridgense (L.) J. E. Smith var. unilaterale(Willd.) G. Thomson 457unilaterale Willd. 457villosum Col. 434, 440, 458zeelandicum Bosch 457

Hypolepis ambigua (A. Rich.) Brownsey etChinnock 434, 461

dicksonioides (Endl.) Hook. 434, 461distans Hook. 434, 441, 462endlicheriana C. Presl 461lactea Brownsey et Chinnock 434, 462millefolium Hook. 434, 462petrieana Carse 461punctata auctt. non Kuhn 441, 461rufobarbata (Col.) Wakef. 434, 462rugosula auctt. non. J. Smith 441, 462subantarctica Brownsey et Chinnock 434, 462tenuifolia auctt. non Bernh. ex C. Presl441, 461tenuifolia (Forst. f.) Bernh. var. pellucida (Col.)Hook. 461

Hypopeltis coriacea (Swartz) Bory in Bel. 468Isoetes alpinus Kirk 433, 436, 449

kirkii A. Braun 433, 436, 449multiangularis Col. 449

Lastrea aristata (Forst. f.) T. Moore 465decomposita auct. non J. Smith 467glabella (A. Cunn.) Houlston et T. Moore 466hispida (Swartz) Houlston et T. Moore 467invisa J. B. Armstr. 461pennigera (Forst. f.) C. Presl 460pseudomas Wollaston 466torresiana (Gaudich.) T. Moore 460velutina (A. Rich.) Brackenr. 467

Lateristachys diffusa (R. Br.) Holub 448lateralis (R. Br.) Holub 448ramulosa (Kirk) Holub 448

Lastreopsis glabella (A. Cunn.) Tindale 435, 443,466

hispida (Swartz) Tindale 435, 443, 466microsora (Endl.) Tindale subsp. pentangularis(Col.) Tindale 435, 443, 467velutina (A. Rich.) Tindale 435, 443, 467

Lepidonevron hirsutulum (Forst. f.) Fee 469Lepidotis cernua (L.) P. Beauv. 447

densa Rothm. 447diffusa (R. Br.) Rothm. 448drummondii (Spring) Rothm. 448lateralis (R. Br.) Rothm. 448magellanica P. Beauv. 447volubilis (Forst. f.) Rothm. 448

Leptocionium sororium C. Presl 457Leptolepia novae-zelandiae (Col.) Mett. ex Diels in

Engl. et Prantl 434, 462Leptopteris hymenophylloides (A. Rich.) C. Presl

433, 450X intermedia (Andre) Brownsey 437, 450marginata (Col.) C. Chr. 450superba (Col.) C. Presl 433, 450

Lindsaea cuneata (Forst. f.) C. Chr. 462cuneata var. lessonii (Bory) C. Chr. 462incisa Prentice 473lessonii Bory in Duperrey 462


linearis Swartz 434, 462linearis var. trilobata (Col.) C. Chr. 462lunata Willd. 462microphylla Swartz 473repens (Bory) Beddome 473trichomanoides Dryander 434, 462trichomanoides var. lessoni (Bory) Hook. f. 462trilobata Col. 462viridis Col. 434, 462, 473

Litobrochia comans (Forst. f.) C. Presl 452incisa (Thunb.) C. Presl 461maciknta (A. Rich.) J. Smith 452vespertilionis (Labill.) C. Presl 461

Lomaria acuminata Baker ex Hook, et Baker 470aggregata Col. 471alpina (R. Br.) Sprengel 470alternans Col. 470attenuata auctt. non Willd. 470banksii Hook. f. 469capense var. carsi Dobbie 471capensis auctt. non. Willd. 471capensis var. minor (R. Br.) Cheesem. 470colensoi Hook. f. in Hook. 469deflexa Col. 471deltoides Col. 471discolor (Forst. f.) Willd. 469distans Col. 470doodioides Brackenr. 469duplicata Potts 471dura T. Moore 469elongata auctt. non Blume 469filiformis A. Cunn. 469fluviatilis (R. Br.) Sprengel 470fluviatilis var.ramosa Col. 470fraseri A. Cunn. 470germainii Hook. 473heterophylla Col. 469intermedia Col. 470lanceolata (R. Br.) Sprengel 469tatifolia Col. 471linearis Col. 470membranacea Col. ex Hook. 470minor (R. Br.) Sprengel 470nigra Col. 470norfolkiana Heward 470oligoneuron Col. 470paleacea Potts 471parvifolia Col. 470patersoni auct. non Sprengel 469patersoni var. elongata auct. non Hook, etBaker 469

paucijuga Col. 471penna-marina (Poiret) Trev. St. Leon 470pimpinellifolia Hook. f. 469procera (Forst. f.) Sprengel 471procera var. flagelliformis Szyszyl. in Wawra

471

procera var. gracilis Col. 470procera var. minor (R. Br.) Hook. f. 470procera var. tegmentosa Hombron 471propinqua A. Cunn. 469pumila Raoul 470pygmaea Col. 470rigida J. Smith 469rotundifolia Col. 470rotundifolia Raoul 470subcordata Fourn. 473vulcanica Blume 471

Lomariopsis heteromorpha (J. Smith) T. Moore469

hugelii C. Presl 469Loxogramme dictyopteris (Mett.) Copel. 454

scolopendrioides (Gaudich.) C. Morton 472Loxsoma cunninghamii R. Br. ex A. Cunn. 434,

461Lunathyrium japonicum (Thunb.) Kurata 442

petersenii (Kunze) H. Ohba 466Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pichi Serm. 447Lycopodium arcitenentis Herter 447

australianum Herter 433, 447australianum (Herter) Allan 447berggrenii (Herter ex Nessel) Herter 448billardieri Spring 436, 448billardieri var. gracile (Kirk) Cheesem. 448carolinianum auctt. non L. 448cernuum L. 433, 435, 447cernuum var. curvatum (Swartz) Nessel 447cernuum var. vulcanicum (Blume) Nessel 447clavatum L. var. fastigiatum (R. Br.) Benth. 447clavatum var. magellanicum (P. Beauv.)

433,436,

Hook. f.cochinchense Herter ex Nesselconsimilis Col.curvifolium Col.decurrens Col.decurrens R. Br.densum Labill.deuterodensum Herterdiffusum R. Br.distans Col.drummondii Springd'urvillaei A. Rich.fastigiatum R. Br.fastigiatum var. colensoi Nesselflagellaria auctt. non Borykraussianum Kunzelaterale R. Br.laterale var. diffusum (R. Br.) Hook. f.lessonianum A. Rich.magellanicum (P. Beauv.) Swartzmagellanicum var. berggrenii Herter ex Nessel

447myrtifolium Forst. f. 436, 448

447447448447447448447447448448448449

433, 436, 447448448449

433, 436, 448448448

436, 447


436, 448446448448447

436, 448449

435, 448447447

447436, 448

448448448448448450450

433,

novae-zelandicum Col.nudum L.pachystachyum Desv.phlegmaria auct. non L.polycephalum Col.ramulosum Kirk 433.sanguisorba Springscariosum Forst. f. 433.scopulosum Col.selago auctt. non L.selago L. var. flagellaria (A. Rich.) F. Muell.

448serpentinum Kunze in Lehmann 433, 448tannense Sprengelvarium R. Br. 433.varium var. alpinum R. Br.varium var. billardieri (Spring) Kirkvarium var. gracile Kirkvarium var. polaris Kirkvarium var. umbrosum R. Br.volubile Forst. f.volubile v&r.d'urvillaei (A. Rich.) Nessel

Lygodium articulatum A. Rich. 433, 450gracilescens Col. 450

Macroglena stricta (Menzies ex Hook, et Grev.)Copel. 458

Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) Ching 434,460

Marattia fraxinea auctt. non J. E. Smith 437, 450salicina J. E. Smith in Rees 433, 437, 450

Mecodium atrovirens (Col.) Copel. 456australe (Willd.) Copel. 456demissum (Forst. f.) Copel. 456dilatatum (Forst. f.) Copel. 456flabellatum (Labill.) Copel. 457flexuosum (A. Cunn.) Copel. 457montanum (Kirk.) Copel. 456pulcherrimum (Col.) Copel. 457rarum (R. Br.) Copel. 457rufescens (Kirk) Copel. 458sanguinolentum (Forst. f.) C. Presl 458scabrum (A. Rich.) Copel. 458villosum (Col.) Copel. 458

Meringium bivalve (Forst. f.) Copel. 456minimum (A. Rich.) Copel. 457multifidum (Forst. f.) Copel. 457

Mertensia alpina (R. Br.) Poiret 453cunninghamii (Heward ex Hook.) J. Smith 453dicarpa (R. Br.) Poiret 452dichotoma (Thunb.) Willd. 452flabellata (R. Br.) Poiret 453hermanni (R. Br.) Poiret 452linearis (Burm. f.) Fritsch 452microphylla (R. Br.) Kaulf. 453

Microlepia forsteri J. B. Armstr. 472novae-zelandiae (Col.) J. Smith 462

pinkneyi (Col.) C. Chr. 472strigosa (Thunb.) C. Presl 472

Microschizaea australis (Gaudich.) C. Reed 450fistulosa (Labill.) C. Reed 451

Microsorium diversifolium (Willd.) Copel. 455novae-zelandiae (Baker) Copel. 455pustulatum auct. non Copel. 455scandens (Forst. f.) Tindale 455

Microtrichomanes armstrongii (Baker) Copel. 456

Nephrodium affine Lowe 466aristatum (Forst. f.) C. Presl 465decompositum auctt. non R. Br. 467decompositum R. Br. var. glabellum (A. Cunn.)Hook. f. 466

decompositum var. microphyllum Hook. 466decompositum var. pubescens Hook. f. 467glabellum A. Cunn. 466gongylodes (Schkuhr) Schott 460hirsutulum (Forst. f.) C. Presl 468hispidum (Swartz) Hook. 467inaequilaterum Col. 460molle Desv. 460molle (Swartz) R. Br. 460nymphale (Forst. f.) Desv. 460pennigerum (Forst. f.) C. Presl 460pentangularum Col. 467propinquum R. Br. 460remotum Heward 460setigerum auctt. non Baker ex Hook, et Baker

460squamulosum Hook. f. 461thelypteris Desv. var. squamulosum (Hook, f.)Hook. 461

tuberosum (Bory ex Willd.) Desv. 468velutinum (A. Rich.) Hook. f. 467unitum R. Br. 460

Nephrolepis auriculata (L.) Trimen 444, 468cordifolia (L.) C. Presl 435, 444, 468exaltata auctt. non Schott 444, 469flexuosa Col. 468hirsutula (Forst. f.) C. Presl 435, 444, 468occidentalis (Kuhn) Kuntze 444tuberosa (Bory ex Willd.) C. Presl. 444, 468

Niphobolus bicolor Kaulf. 455rupestris auctt. non Sprengel 456serpens (Forst. f.) Endl. 455

Notholaena distans R. Br. 452

Odontosoria angustifolia (Bernh.) C. Chr. 472viridis (Col.) Kuhn 462

Onoclea discolor (Forst. f.) Swartz 469procera (Forst. f.) Sprengel 471

Ophioglossum coriaceum A. Cunn. 433, 436, 449costatum R. Br. 436, 450elongatum R. Cunn. ex A. Cunn. 450gramineum Willd. 450


lusitanicum L. 436, 449lusitanicum subsp. coriaceum (A. Cunn.) R. T.Clausen 436, 449

minimum J. B. Armstr. 450pedunculosum auctt. non Desv. 436, 450petiolatum Hook. 433, 436, 450reticulatum L. 436, 450vulgatum L. 437, 450vulgatum var. costatum (R. Br.) Hook. f. 450vulgatum var. gramineum Hook. f. 450vulgatum var. lusitanicum Hook. f. 449vulgatum var. minimum Hook. f. 450vulgatum var. pedunculosum (Desv.) Domin

450Omithopteris esculenta (Forst. f.) J. Smith 463

scaberula (A. Rich.) J. Smith 463Osmunda barbara (L.) Thunb. 450

dichotoma (L.) Sprengel 451discolor Forst. f. 469hymenophylloides (A. Rich.) J. B. Armstr. 450leptophylla (L.) Savigny 451lunaria L.procera Forst. f.regalis L.superba (Col.) J. B. Armstr.

449471

433, 437, 450450

Paesia scaberula (A. Rich.) Kuhn 434, 463Palhinhaea cernua (L.) Franco et Carv. Vase. 447

polycephala (Col.) Holub 447Parablechnum procerum (Forst. f.) C. Presl 471Pellaea falcata (R. Br.) Fee 433, 438, 452

falcata var. nana Hook. 438rotundifolia (Forst. f.) Hook. 433, 438, 452rotundifolia var. oblongifolia Hook. 452

Phegopteris cunninghamii Mett. 461incisa (Thunb.) Keys. 461

Phlebiophyllum venosum (R. Br.) Bosch 459Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman 434, 465Phylloglossum drummondii Kunze 433, 449Phymatodes billardieri (R. Br.) C. Presl 455

diversifolium (Willd.) Pichi Serm. 455novae-zelandiae (Baker) Pichi Serm. 455pustulata auct. non C. Presl 455scandens (Forst. f.) C. Presl 455viellardii (Mett.) Fourn. 473

Phymatosorus diversifolius (Willd.) Pichi Serm.433, 455

novae-zelandiae (Baker) Pichi Serm. 433, 455scandens (Forst. f.) Pichi Serm. 433, 455

Pilularia novae-hollandiae A. Br. 445novae-zelandiae Kirk 435, 445, 472

Pityrogramma leptophylla (L.) Domin 451Platyloma falcata (R. Br.) J. Smith 452

rotundifolia (Forst. f.) J. Smith 452

Platyzoma alpinum (R. Br.) Desv. 453dicarpum (R. Br.) Desv. 453

Pleopeltis billardieri (R. Br.) T. Moore 455diversifolia (Willd.) Melvaine 455

Pleurosorus rutifolius (R. Br.) Fee 434, 465Pneumatopteris pennigera (Forst. f.) Holttum 434,

460Polybotrya nana Fee 470Polyphlebium venosum (R. Br.) Copel. 459Polypodium achrostichoides Forst. f. 473

adiantiforme Forst. f. 468amplum Col. 461aristatum Forst. f. 465attenuatum auctt. non R. Br. 454auriculatum L. 468australe (R. Br.) Mett. 454australe var. ciliata (Col.) Kirk 454australe var. pumilum (J. B. Armstr.)Cockayne 454

australe var. rigida (Hombron) Cockayne 455australe var. villosum (Hook, f.) Cheesem. 454bicolor (Kaulf.) Mett. 455billardieri (Kaulf.) Fee 454billardieri R. Br. 455billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. 454billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. forma nana (Fran-chet) Skottsb. 455

billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. var. magellanicum(Desv.) C. Chr. 454

billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. var. pumilum (J. B.Armstr.) Cheesem. 454

billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. var. rigidum (Hom-bron) Cockayne 455

billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. var. villosum (Hook, f.)Cheesem. 454

cordifolium L. 444, 468coriaceum Swartz 468crassium Kirk 454cunninghamii Hook. 454dealbatum Forst. f. 459dentatum Forsskal 460dichotomum Thunb. 452dictyopteris Mett. 454dilatatum Hoffm. 466diversifolium Willd. 455eleagnifolium Bory in Duperrey 455falcatum L. f. 465filipes T. Moore 468filix-femina L. 465filix-mas L. 466fragile L. 465gramineum Poiret 454grammitidis R. Br. 454hirsutulum Forst. f. 468invisum Forst. f. 473leptophyllum L. 451


lineare Burm. f. 452magellanicum (Desv.) J. W. Sturm 454medullare Forst. f. 459molle Jacq. 460novae-zelandiae Baker 455nymphale Forst. f. 460paradoxum Col. 454patagonicum C. Chr. 454penna-marina Poiret 470pennigerum Forst. f. 460pennigerum var. giganteum Col. 461pennigerum var. hamiltonii Col. 461phymatodes auct. non L. 455poeppigianum Mett. 454pumilum (J. B. Armstr.) Cockayne 454punctatum auctt. non Thunb. 462punctatum var. rugosulum auctt. non Hook, etBaker 462

pustulatum auctt. non Forst. f. 455pustulatum Forst. f. 455rufobarbatum Col. 462rugosulum auctt. non Labill. 462rupestre auct. non R. Br. 456rupestre R. Br. var. sinuatum Col. 456scandens Forst. f. 455scandens Forst. f. var. billardieri (R. Br.) F.Muell. 455

scandens Labill. 455serpens Forst. f. 455setosum Forst. f. 467stellatum Vahl 455subsimilis Col. 461sylvaticum Col. 467tenellum Forst. f. 468vestitum Forst. f. 468v/rafe Gilbert 455viscidum auctt. non Roxb. in Beatson 462viscidum Col. 462vulgare L. 434, 455vulgare var. auritum Gilbert 455

Polystichopsis aristata (Forst. f.) Holttum 465Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Schott var. perelegans

(Col.) Dominaculeatum var. silvaticum (Col.) Dominaculeatum var. vestitum (Forst. f.) Dominaculeatum var. zerophyllum (Col.) Dominadiantiforme (Forst. f.) J. Smitharistatum (Forst. f.) C. Preslaristatum Hook. f.capense (Willd.) J. Smithcoriaceum (Swartz) Schottcystostegia (Hook.) J. B. Armstr.hirsutulum (Forst. f.) Bernh.hispidum (Swartz) J. Smithlentum (D. Don) T. Moorelobatum (Hudson)(Hook, f.) C. Chr.

C. Presl var.

468468468467468465467468468467468467

435, 443, 467

435,

mohrioides (Bory) C. Preslneo-zelandicum Feeoculatum (Hook.) J. B. Armstr.pennigerum (Forst. f.) Gaudich.perelegans (Col.) C. Chr.proliferum (R. Br.) C. Preslrichardii (Hook.) J. Smithrichardii var. oculatum (Hook.)schkuhrii C. Preslsetiferum (Forsskal) Woynarsilvaticum (Col.) Diels in Engl.

torresianum Gaudich.venustum Hombronvestitum (Forst. f.) C. Preslvestitum subsp. sylvaticum (Colzerophyllum (Col.) C. Chr.

473467467460468

435, 443, 467435, 467

C. Chr. 467467

435, 443, 467et Prantl 435,

467460468

435, 443, 468.) C. Chr. 467

467Pseudodiphasium volubile (Forst. f.) Holub 449Pseudolycopodiella serpentina (Kunze in Lehmann)

Holub 448

aristatum467

Pseudolycopodium densum (Rothm.) Holub 447Psilotum heterocarpum Col. 446

novae-zelandiae Gand. 446nudum (L.) P. Beauv. 433, 446triquetrum Swartz 446

Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. esculentum(Forst. f.) C. Chr. 463

aquilinum var. esculentum (Forst. f.) Kuhn 463esculentum (Forst. f.) Cockayne 434, 463

Pteris affinis A. Rich. 452alpina Field 461aquilina auct. non L. 463aquilina L. var. esculenta (Forst. f.) Hook, f.463brunoniana Endl. 461comans Forst. f. 433, 452confluens Thunb. 461cretica L. 433, 452esculenta Forst. f. 463falcata R. Br. 452incisa Thunb. 461interrupta Willd. 460lomarioides Col. 452longifolia L. 473macilenta A. Rich. 433, 438, 452macilenta var. pendula (Col.) Cheesem. 452macilenta var. saxatilis Carse 452microphylla A. Cunn. 463montana Col. 461novae-zelandiae Field 452pendula Col. 452rotundifolia Forst. f. 452saxatilis Carse 433, 438, 452scaberula A. Rich. 463seticaulis Hook. 452tenuis A. Cunn. 452tremula R. Br. 433, 452


tremula var. tenuis (A. Cunn.) Domin 452vespertilionis Labill. 461

Pyrrosia acrostichoides (Forst. f.) Ching 473bicolor (Kaulf.) Ching 456confluens (R. Br.) Ching 472serpens (Forst. f.) Ching 434, 455

Reediella endlicheriana (C. Presl) Pichi Serm. 458Ripidium dichotomum (L.) Bernh. 451Rumohra adiantiformis (Forst. f.) Ching 435, 443,

468aristata (Forst. f.) Chinghispida (Swartz) Copel.

443, 465467

Salvinia auriculata Aubl. 445hertzogii Sota 445molesta D. Mitch. 435, 445, 472natans (L.) All. 445

Sceptridium australe (R. Br.) H. Lyon 449biforme (Col.) H. Lyon 449

Schizaea asperula Wakef. 450australis Gaudich. 433, 437, 450bifida Willd. 433, 437, 450dichotoma (L.) J. E. Smith 433, 437, 450dichotoma var. forsteri (Sprengel) Domin 451fistulosa Labill. 433, 437, 451fistulosa var. australis (Gaudich.) Hook. f. 437,

450fistulosa var. propinqua (A. Cunn.) Bonap. 451palmata Hombron 450propinqua A. Cunn. 451

Schizoloma trichomanoides (Dryander) Kuhn 462Selaginella denticulata auct. non Link 449

kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun 433, 436, 449moellendorjfii Hieron. in Engl. et Prantl 433,

436, 449Selenodesmium elongatum (A. Cunn.) Copel. 458Sphaerocionium australe (Willd.) C. Presl 456

bivalve (Forst. f.) C. Presl 456demissum (Forst. f) C. Presi 456dilatatum (Forst. f.) C. Presl 456ferrugineum (Colla) Copel. 457frankliniae (Col.) Iwatsuki 457glanduliferum C. Presl 458lyallii (Hook, f.) Copel. 457malingii (Hook.) Iwatsuki 457sanguinolentum (Forst. f.) C. Presl 458scabrum (A. Rich.) C. Presl 458

Sphaeropteris lunulata (Forst. f.) Tryon 472medullaris (Forst. f.) Bernh. 459

Sphaerostephanos invisus (Forst. f.) Holttum 473Sphenomeris angustifolia (Bernh.) Brownlie 472

viridis (Col.) Brownlie 462Spicanta banksii (Hook, f.) Kuntze 469

discolor (Forst. f.) Kuntze 469dura (T. Moore) Kuntze 469

filiformis (A. Cunn.) Kuntze 469Jluviatilis (R. Br.) Kuntze 470fraseri (A. Cunn.) Kuntze 470lanceolata (R. Br.) Kuntze 469membranacea (Col. ex Hook.) Kuntze 470nigra (Col.) Kuntze 470pumila (Raoul) Kuntze 470vulcanica (Blume) Kuntze 471

Stachygynandrum myrtifolium (Forst. f.) P.Beauv. 448

scariosum (Forst. f.) P. Beauv. 448Stegania alpina R. Br. 470

discolor (Forst. f.) A. Rich. 469Jluviatilis R. Br. 470lanceolata R. Br. 469minor R. Br. 470procera (Forst. f.) R. Br. 471procera var. stipulosa A. Rich. 471

Stenochlaena heteromorpha J. Smith 469Mgelii (C. Presl) Fee ex L. Underw. 469

Stenoloma viride (Col.) C. Chr. 462Sticherus ciliatus (Col.) Nakai 453

cunninghamii (Heward ex Hook.) Ching 433,453

flabellatus (R. Br.) H. St. John 433, 453Struthiopteris discolor (Forst. f.) Ching 469

distans (Col.) Ching 471dura (T. Moore) Ching 469filiformis (A. Cunn.) Ching 469fraseri (A. Cunn.) Ching . 470intermedia (Col.) Ching 470lanceolata (R. Br.) Ching 469membranacea (Col. ex Hook.) Ching 470nigra (Col.) Ching 470penna-marina (Poiret) Maxon et C. Morton 470

Tarachia adiantoides (L.) Nakai ex Tuy. 464lucida (Forst. f.) Momose 464polyodon (Forst. f.) C. Presl 464

Tectaria coriacea (Swartz) Link 468Thelypteris confluens (Thunb.) C. Morton 434,

441, 461dentata (Forsskal) E. St. John 460gongylodes (Schkuhr) Small 460interrupta Iwatsuki 460nymphalis (Forst. f.) C. Reed 460palustris Schott var. squamigera (Schldl.) Weath.in I. M. Johnston 461

pennigera (Forst. f.) Allan 460squamigera (Schldl.) Ching 461torresiana (Gaudich.) Alston 460uliginosa (Kunze) Ching 460

Tmesipteris elongata P. A. Dangeard 433, 435,446

elongata subsp. robusta Chinnock 446forsteri auctt. non Endl. 447


fowerakeri H. Barberlanceolata P. A. Dangeardlanceolata M. Sykessigmatifolia Chinnocktannensis auct. non Bernh.tannensis (Sprengel) Bernh.

447433, 447

446433, 447

447433, 447

tannensis var. elongata (P. A. Dangeard)Domin 446

tannensis var. elongata Sahni 447tannensis var. lanceolata (P. A. Dangeard)Domin 447

tannensis var. truncata (R. Br.) Domin 473truncata (R. Br.) Desv. 473tugana H. Barber 446

Todea africana Willd. ex Bernh. 450barbara (L.) T. Moore 433, 450hymenophylloides A. Rich. 450intermedia Andre 450marginata Col. 450pellucida Carmich. ex Grev. et Hook. 450rivularis Sieber ex Kunze 450superba Col. 450

Trichomanes adiantoides L. 464alternans Carruth. in Seemann 458armstrongii Baker ex Hook, et Baker 456bivalve Forst. f. 456bipunctatum Poiret 473colensoi Hook. f. in Hook. 434, 458demissum Forst. f. 456dilatatum Forst. f. 456elongatum A. Cunn. 434, 458endlicherianum C. Presl 434, 458erectum Brackenr. 458humile auctt. non Forst. f. 458leptophyllum A. Cunn. 458lyallii (Hook, f.) Hook, ex Hook, et Baker 457malingii Hook. 457multifidum Forst. f. 457pacificum Hedw. 456peltatum Poiret 457polyodon Col. 458reniforme Forst. f. 434, 458rigidum Swartz var. elongatum (A. Cunn.) Hook,et Baker 458

rigidum var. strictum (Menzies ex Hook, et Grev.)Field 458

sanguinolentum Forst. f. 458squarrosum Forst. f. 459strictum Menzies ex Hook, et Grev. 434, 458tenue Brackenr. 458tenuifolia Burm. f. 452venosum R. Br. 434, 459venustula Col. 459

Urostachys australianus (Herter) Herter ex Nessel447

billardieri (Spring) Herter ex Nessel 448cockaynei Herter ex Nessel 447

helmii Nessel 448myrtifolius (Forst. f.) Herter 448polaris (Herter ex Nessel) Herter 448varius (R. Br.) Herter ex Nessel 448varius var. polaris Herter ex Nessel 448

Vandenboschia colensoi (Hook. f. ex Hook.)Copel. 458

Woodsia laetevirens Prentice ex Bailey 465Woodwardia aspera (R. Br.) Fee 471Xiphopteris heterophylla (Labill.) Sprengel 454

ACKNOWLEDGMENTSWe are particularly grateful to Mr M. Daellenbach whospent many hours as an assistant at Botany Division,DSIR, painstakingly locating and checking the publica-tion dates and bibliographic references of the severalhundred names of pteridophytes listed here. The inclu-sion of some of the names is entirely due to his diligence.We are also grateful to the following people for their com-ments on the manuscript or for information relevant toparticular taxa: Dr J. E. Braggins, Professor T. C. Cham-bers, Dr R. J. Chinnock, Mr A. P. Druce, Dr E. Hennip-man, Mr A. C. Jermy, Mr D. L. Jones, Dr B. W. McAlpin,Dr B. S. Parris, Dr M. G. Price, Dr W. A. Sledge, andMr W. R. Sykes.

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Iwatsuki, K. 1975: Studies in the systematics of filmy ferns:I. A note on the identity of Microtrichomanes. Ferngazette 11: 115-124.

1977a: Studies in the systematics of filmy fernsII. A note on Meringium and the taxa allied tothis. Gardens' bulletin 30: 63-74.

1977b: Studies in the systematics of filmy fernsIII. An observation on the involucres. Botanicalmagazine, Tokyo 90 : 259-267.

1978: Studies in the systematics of filmy fernsIV. Notes on the species with false veinlets. Mem-oirs of the College of Science, University of Kyoto,Series B, 8 : 31-43.

1981: Studies in the systematics of filmy fernsV. A note on the identity of Macroglena. HikobiaSupplement 1 : 59-66.

1982: Studies in the systematics of filmy fernsVI. The genus Sphaerocionium in Asia andOceania. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Uni-versity of Tokyo, Section III, 13 : 203-215.

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1977: Classification of Athyrium and alliedgenera of Japan. Botanical magazine, Tokyo 90 :23-40.

1984: A taxonomic study of the athyrioid ferngenus Deparia with main reference to the Pacificspecies. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Univer-sity of Tokyo, Section III, 13: 375-429.

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1967: Studies of fern types. I. Contributionsfrom the United States National Herbarium 38: 29-83.

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1980a: Further notes on Doodia, Grammitis,and Blechnum (Filicales). New Zealand journal ofbotany 18 : 145-147.

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44=Revised Classification of New Zealand

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