INTRODUCTIONDue to rapid industrialization, industrial workers
are exposed to several types of hazardsand accidents. Every year
lakhs of workers are injured due to mechanical, chemical,
electricalandradiationhazardsandit leadstopartial ortotal
disablement. Soinrecent years, greaterattention is given to health
and safety due to pressure from government,trade unions, labourlaws
and awareness of employers.he efficiency of workers depends to a
great extends on the environment in which thework. !ork environment
consists of all the factors, which act and react on the body and
mind ofan employee. he primary aim is to create an environment,
which ensures the greatest ease ofwork and removes all causes of
worries."ccupational health and safety is a discipline with a broad
scope involving many specializedfields. #n its broadest sense, it
should aim at$a% hepromotionandmaintenanceofthehighest
degreeofphysical, mental andsocialwell&being of workers in all
occupations.b%
hepreventionamongworkersofadverseeffectsonhealthcausedbytheir
workingconditions.c% he protection of workers in their employment
from risks resulting from factors adverseto health.d%
heplacingandmaintenanceof workersinanoccupational environment
adaptedtophysical and mental needs.e% he adaptation of work to
humans.Successful occupational health and safety practice re'uires
the collaboration andparticipation of both employers and workers in
health and safety programmes, and involves theconsideration of
issues relating to occupational medicine, industrial hygiene,
toxicology,education, engineering safety, ergonomics, psychology,
etc. "ccupational health issues are often given less attention than
occupational safety issuesbecause the former are generally more
difficult to confront. (owever, when health is addressed,so is
safety, because a healthy workplace is by definition also a safe
workplace. he converse,though, may not be true & a
so&called safe workplace is not necessarily also a healthy
workplace.he important point is that issues of both health and
safety must be addressed in everyworkplace.!ork plays a central
role in people)s lives, since most workers spend at least eight
hours aday in the workplace, whether it is on a plantation, in an
office, factory, etc. herefore, workenvironments should be safe and
healthy. *nfortunately some employers assume littleresponsibility
for the protection of workers)health and safety. #n fact, some
employers do noteven know that they have the moral and often legal
responsibility to protect workers.Health of the workers:(ealth is a
state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not
merely theabsence of diseases. #t+s a positive and dynamic concept
which means something more than theabsence of illness.Statutory
provisions: ,ccordingtofactories ,ct, -./0,
thestatutoryprovisionsregardingthehealthoftheworkers are stated in
the sections -- to 12. hey areCleanliness (sec !:Every factory
shall be kept clean by daily sweeping or washing the floors and
workroomsand by using disinfectants where every necessary. !alls,
doors and windows shall be repaintedor varnished at least once in
every 3 years.Disposal of wastes an" effluents (sec #!: he waste
materials produced fromthe manufacturing process must be
effectivelydisposed of wastes.$entilation an" te%perature (sec
&!:heremustbe provisionforade'uate ventilation for
thecirculationoffreshair. hetemperature must be kept at a
comfortable level. (ot parts of machines must be separated
andinsulated. he State 4overnment may make rules for the keeping of
thermometers in specifiedplaces and the adoption of methods which
will keep the temperature low.Re%oval of Dust an" fu%es (sec '!:#f
the manufacturing process used gives off injurious or offensive
dust and steps must betaken so that they are not inhaled or
accumulated.he exhaust fumes of internal combustionengines must be
conducted outside the factory.(rtificial hu%i"ification (sec )!:he
water used for this purpose must be pure. he State 4overnment can
frame rulesregarding the process of humidification etc. he water
used for humidification shall be takenfrom a public supply or other
source of drinking water and must be effectively purified
beforeuse. Overcrow"in* (sec +!: here must be no overcrowding in a
factory. #n factories existing before thecommencement ofthe ,ct
theremust beat least ...cubicmetersofspaceperworker.5orfactories
built afterwards, there must be at least /.1 cubic meters of space.
he chief inspector offactories can also prescribe the maximum
number of workers who can work in each work room. ,i*htin* (sec
-!:5actories must be well lighted. Effective measures must be
adopted to prevent glare orformation of shadows which might cause
eye strain.Drinkin* water (sec .!: ,rrangements must be made to
provide a sufficient supply of wholesome drinking water.,ll supply
points of such water must be marked 6drinking water7.8o such points
shall be within 12 ft. 9or :.3 meters% of any latrine, washing
place etc.5actories employing more than 132 workers must cool the
water during the hot weather.Toilet facilities (sec
/!:Everyfactorymust providesufficient number of latrinesandurinals.
heremust beseparate provisions for male and female workers.
;atrines and urinals must be kept in a clean and sanitary
condition. #n factoriesemploying more than 132 workers, they shall
be of prescribed sanitary types.Spittoons (sec #0!:, sufficient
number of spittoons must be provided at convenient places, in a
clean andhygienic condition. he State 4overnment may take rules
regarding their number, location andmaintenance. Safety of the
workers:Safetyisa measuresortechni'uesimplemented to reduce
theriskofinjury,loss anddanger to persons, property or the
environment in any facility or place involving themanufacturing,
producing and processing of goods or merchandise.Statutory
provisions: ,ccordingtofactories ,ct, -./0,
thestatutoryprovisionsregardingthesafetyoftheworkers are stated in
the sections 1- to /-. hey are1encin* of %achinery (Sec #!:#n every
factory, every dangerous part of any machinery, every moving part
of a primemover and every flywheel connected to prime mover the
head&race and tail&race of every waterwheel and water
turbine, and every part of an electric generator, motor or rotary
converter, everypart of transmission machinery, must be securely
fenced by safeguards of substantialconstruction.2ork on or near
%achinery in %otion (Sec ##!:#t is necessary to examine any part of
the machinery while it is motion. he examinationand lubrication of
the machinery, while in motion,should be carried out only by a
specially&trained adult worker wearing tight&fitting
clothing.3%ploy%ent of youn* persons on Dan*erous %achines (Sec
#&!:, young person should not be allowed to work at dangerous
machines unless, has beensufficiently instructed and received
sufficient training.Strikin* *ear an" "evices for cuttin* off power
(Sec #'!:#n every factory, suitable striking gear or other
efficient mechanical appliance has to beprovided, maintained and
used to move driving belts.Self4actin* %achines (Sec #)!:8o
travelling part of a self&acting machine in any factory and no
material carried thereonshall be allowed to run on its outward or
inward traverse within a distance of -0 inches from anyfixed
structure which is not a part of the machine, if a person is liable
to pass over the space overwhich it runs.Casin* of new %achinery
(Sec #+!:,ll machinerydrivenbypower, everyset&screw,bolt
orkeyoranyrevolvingshaft,spindle, wheel or pinion,spur, worm and
other toothed or friction&gearing has to be properlyencased or
guarded in order to prevent danger to the workmen.5rohi6ition of
e%ploy%ent of wo%en an" chil"ren near cotton openers (Sec #-!:
!omenandchildworkersareprohibitedtobeemployedinanypartofafactoryforpressing
cotton in which a cotton opener is at work.Hoists7 lifts7 liftin*
%achines (Sec #.8#/!:;ifting machines, chains, ropes and lifting
tackles must be of good mechanicalconstruction, sound material and
ade'uate strength and free from defects. hey are to be
properlymaintained and thoroughly examined by a competent person at
least once in every < months.Revolvin* %achinery (Sec &0!:he
maximum safe working peripheral speed of every grindstone or
abrasive wheel shallbe permanently affixed. Safe working peripheral
speed of every revolving vessel, cage, basket,flywheel, pulley or
disc has also to be ensured.5ressure plant (Sec
&!:#nanyfactoryoperationiscarriedonat
apressureabovetheatmosphericpressure,effective arrangements shall
be taken to ensure that the safe working pressure is not
exceeded.1loors7 stairs an" %eans of access (Sec
!:#neveryfactoryall floors, steps, stairs, passages andgangways
shall beof soundconstruction and properly kept and maintained.5its7
su%ps7 openin*s in floors (Sec &&!:Every fixed vessel,
sump, tank, pit or opening in the ground or in a floor, which may
be asource of danger shall be either securely covered or securely
fenced.39cessive wei*hts (Sec &'!:8o person is to be employed
in any factory to lift, carry or move any load so heavy as islikely
to cause him injury.5rotection of eyes (Sec &)!:he state
government may re'uire the provision of effective screens or
suitable goggles ifthe risk of injury to the eyes is caused
fromparticles or fragments thrown off in themanufacturing process
or from exposure to excessive light.5recautions a*ainst "an*erous
fu%es (Sec &+!:#n any factory, no person shall be allowed to
enter any chamber, tank, vat, pipe, flue orother confined space in
which dangerous fumes are likely to be present to an extent
involvingrisks to persons.39plosive or infla%%a6le "ust7 *as (Sec
&-!:,ll practicable measures have to be taken to prevent
explosion by, effective enclosure ofplant and machinery, removal or
prevention of the accumulation of dust, gas etc and exclusion
oreffective enclosure of all possible sources of
ignition.5recaution in case of fire (Sec &.!:Every factory has
to be provided with ade'uate means of escape in case of fire.
Effectiveandclearlyaudiblemeansofgivingwarninginthecaseoffirehavetobeprovided.,
freepassage&way giving access to each means of escape in case
of fire has to be maintained.5ower to re:uire specifications of
"efective parts or tests of sta6ility (Sec &/!:he factory
inspector to serve on the manager of a factory to furnish
specifications ofdefective parts or he may order the manager to
carry out tests as he may specify and to informhim of the
results.Safety of 6uil"in*s an" %achinery (Sec
'0!:Everyfactoryshouldadopt the measures toensurethesafetyof
thebuildings andmachinery. hefactorymust
employthere'uiredsafetyofficersaccordingtothenumberofworkers
working in the factory.5ower to %ake rules (Sec '!:he state
government has the power to make rules to supplement the provisions
relatingto safety contained in the act.Occupational
acci"ents;"isease:!ork&relatedaccidentsordiseasesareverycostlyandcanhavemanyseriousdirect
andindirect effects onthe lives of workers andtheir families. 5or
workers some of the "irectcosts of an injury or illness are$a% the
pain and suffering of the injury or illness=b% the loss of
income=c% the possible loss of a job=d% (ealth&care costs.#t
has been estimated that the in"irect costs of an accident or
illness can be four to ten timesgreater than the direct costs, or
even more. ,n occupational illness or accident can have so
manyindirect coststoworkersthat it isoftendifficult tomeasurethem.
"neofthemost obviousindirect costs is the human suffering caused to
workers) families, which cannot be compensatedwith
money.I"entifyin* haoth workers and employers are informed about
health and safety risks in the workplace.d% here is an active and
effective health and safety committee that includes both workersand
management.e% !orker health and safety efforts are ongoing.
CO=5(N> 5RO1I,3 Sanjay echnoplast Avt. ;td was established in
the year 1220 in pune9?anjhangaon%, is the thirdone and newly
established factory of the S,8B,C4?"*A. his group has one
moremanufacturing units which is in ,urangabad9estb.122D%. 9Sanjay
echnoplast Avt. ;td.% this unit has been a recent addition to the
group. #t has a spaciousshop floor of /2222 s' ft, and an office
area of 0222s' ft. Extremely well laid out plant, hasfacilities of
sheet metal forming E welding, injection moulding, conveyor
assembly lines, and atool room. his unit is #S"@S -uilding customer
responsive environment in making and deliverance of the products
and services. Department Arofile$The organization has mainly 5
departments. They are 1. HUM! "#$%U" '#("TM#!T ). *+!!
'#("TM#!T,.(U"&H$# '#("TM#!T-.M".#T+!/ '#("TM#!T
5.("%'U&T+%! '#("TM#!T"rganizational Fhart of (uman ?esource
Department$ /eneral ManagerManager +ndustrial "elation0r. Manager
#stablishment$r. Human "esource ManagerHilestones E ,chievements$-.
,warded as 6>est industry in the district for year 12207,from
government ofHaharashtra.1. ,ppreciation ,ward, from Iarroc
4roup.D. ,warded 5irst price for work in 3S, by 'uality circle
forum of #ndia./. ,warded second prize for stall exhibition in
6Hahavend7Directors+ Arofile$here are three director+s of Sanjay
echnoplast Avt. ;td.Sudhir Shriadkar >E 9Hech%, H>,. 1/ years
industrial experience. -1 years 4arware E Baggi. -1 years
businessexpertise in venture establishment engineering polymers.
Arasad kokil>E 9Elect%, D>H. 11 years industrial experience.
-1 years 4arware, 8ath 4roup E >adve Eng.-2 years business
expert in Aroduct Development, Aroject Hanager, #ndustrial
engineering andtechnologies.Sunil Aathak >E9Hech%, A4innuclear
Engineering. 11yearsindustrial experience,
-Dyearsprofessionalexperience with multinationals like Hanagement,
>usiness Alanning, Ienture Development.Esteemed Fustomers of
Sanjay echnoplast Avt. ;td. ;ear Forporation. Iideocon 4roup. ;umax
,utomotive ;td. >A Energy #ndia Avt. ;td. O?@3CTI$3S O1 TH3
STUD>(A 5ri%ary o6Bective:o ascertain the health and safety
measures adopted in Sanjay echnoplast Avt.;td.?A Secon"ary
o6Bective:-% o study the awareness of the workers about health and
safety in the work place.1% o find the occurrence of accidents
happened at the work place.D% o identify the role of management in
implementing health and safety./% ofindout thesatisfactionlevel
oftherespondentstowardshealthandsafetymeasures.3% o give
suggestions to improve the health and safety in the organization.
N33D 1OR TH3 STUD>(ealth and Safety measures are inevitable to
any organization where workers areinvolved. #t+s an organization+s
responsibility to provide to its workers beyond the payment ofwages
for their services. he worker+s health and safety on and off the
job within theorganization is a vital concern of the employer. he
working environment in a factory adverselyaffects the worker+s
health and safety because of the excessive heat or cold, noise,
odors, fumes,dust and lack of sanitation and pure air etc., which
leads to accident or injury or disablement orloss of life to the
workers. Aroviding a health and safer environment is a
pre&re'uisite for anyproductive effort. hese must be held in
check by providing regular health check&up,
protectivedevicesandcompensatorybenefitstotheworkers.
hisresearchdealswiththestudyonthehealth and safety measures
provided to the workers at Sanjay echnoplast Avt.
;td,Aune9Haharashtra%. SCO53 O1 TH3 STUD>his study would give an
overview of the health and safety measures existing at
Sanjayechnoplast Avt.;td, Aune. Sincehealthandsafetyaretwoimportant
elementsessential forimproving the productivity of an organization,
a study on the existing health and safety measureswould help the
organization to perform better. his study would throw light on the
perception oftheworkersregardinghealthandsafety. Sanjayechnoplast
Avt. ;td. canidentifytheareaswhere it can be improved, so as to
improve the performance of the workers. his study wouldalso help to
analyze the satisfaction level of the workers towards health and
safety measures andsuggest provisions to improve health and
safety.
,I=IT(TIONS O1 TH3 STUD>-% he study is applicable only to
Sanjay echnoplast Avt.;td. herefore the results cannotbe
generalized for the whole industry.1% Due to time constraints the
sample size had to be confined to -D3.D% he respondents have
replied to the 'ueries recalling from their memory. herefore
recallbias and personal bias are possible./% Since the data was
collected using a schedule, the interviewer unable to understand
andrecord the responses correctly.3% he respondents were unable or
unwilling to give response. R3S3(RCH D3SICN:, ?esearch design is an
arrangement of condition for collection and analysis of data in
amanner that aims to combine relevance to the research purchase
with economy in procedure.5undamental to the success of any
research project is the sound research design. S(=5,INC D3SICN:
5opulation:!orkers of Sanjay echnoplast Avt. ;td. i.e., -#)A
Sa%plin* =etho":Stratified Sampling Sa%ple 1ra%e:5rom the pilot
study, it was observed that a maximum of : respondents could be
coveredper day on average.8o. of days available for survey $ 12
days8o. of respondents per day $ :8o. of respondents for entire
period $ 12K:L-/2 respondents Sa%ple SiSIS: Ta6le showin* the a*e
of the respon"entsS NO R(NC3 NOA O1 R3S5OND3NTS 53RC3NT(C3 D,
>elow 13 & &> 1< N D2 D< 1:F D- N D3 :1 3DD
D< N /2 1: 12E ,bove /2 & &Total -D3 -22'A 1i*ure
showin* the a*e of the respon"entsIN13R3NC3:#n the survey, more
than one&fifth of the respondents are comes under the agelimit
of1< N D2 years and nearly three&fifth of the respondents
are having the age limit ofD- ND3 years and the
remainingone&fifth respondents falls between the age limit of
D< N /2 years. Ta6le showin* the e9perience (in years! of the
respon"entsS NO R(NC3 NOA O1 R3S5OND3NTS 53RC3NT(C3 D, >elow 3
& &> < N -2 30 /DF -- N -3 8"0< 8" Sometimes /3
DDF "ften :1 3DD ?arely . :E8ot at all & &Total -D3 -22'A/
1i*ure showin* the stress towar" workIN13R3NC3:#n the survey, only
very few respondents say that always they have stress and
nearlytwo&fifth of the respondents respond that sometimes they
have stress and nearly three&fifth of therespondents says often
they have stress and very few respondents says rarely they have
stresstowards work.Ta6le showin* the health checkup for workersS NO
R(NC3 NOA O1 R3S5OND3NTS 53RC3NT(C3 D, Cearly & &> (alf
yearly D1 1/F Juarterly ./