42 DESIGN A PHOTOVOLATIC ARRAY WITH BOOST … A PHOTOVOLATI… · The Maximum power point tracking control is based on ... Photovoltaic (PV) systems, Fuzzy Logic ... point tracking
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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 –
applications. It is crucial to operate the PV energy conversion systems wear the maximum
power point to increase the efficiency of the PV system. In this paper, a fuzzy logic controller
(FLC) is developed to assign priority to the installed system loads such that all critical loads
receive a higher priority than the non-critical loads, and so when there exists a shortage of
available energy the critical loads are first met before attempting to power the non-critical
loads. This energy dispatch controller is also optimized to maintain a higher battery charge so
that the controller is better able to power critical loads during an extended period of
unfavorable weather conditions or low solar insolation. In this study, the simultaneous
optimization of the membership functions and rule base of a fuzzy logic controller is carried
out. The maximum power operating point varies with insulation level and temperature. Therefore, the tracking control of the maximum power point is a complicated problem. To overcome these problems, many tracking control strategies have been proposed such as incremental conductance, parasitic capacitance and constant voltage. The DC-DC converter for a PV system has to control the variation of the maximum power point of the solar cell output
[2]. In other words modulation of the DC - DC converter
controls Maximum Power Point Tracking. In this paper P&O - MPPT is investigated, P&O technique applies perturbation to the boost DC-DC controller by increasing the pulse width modulator (PWM) duty cycle, subsequently observes the effect on the PV output power
[2]. In Fig: 1 Represents the Typical
diagram of maximum power point tracking and fuzzy logic controller in a Photovoltaic systems. Recently FUZZY logic has been applied for tracking the maximum power point of PV systems in because it has the advantages of being robust, design simplicity and minimal requirement for accurate mathematical model. One of the most popular algorithms of MPPT is P&O (Perturb and Observe) technique; however, the convergence problem and oscillation are occurred at certain points during the tracking. To enhance the performance of the P&O algorithm Fuzzy logic converter and Boost converter to the MPPT control. The simulation study in this paper is done in MATLAB Simulink Software.
Fig: 1 Typical Diagram Of MPPT & Fuzzy Logic Controller in a PV System.
II. MODELLING OF PV SYSTEMS
2.1 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
PV is not a constant DC energy source but has variation of output power, which depends strongly on the current drawn by the load. Besides, PV characteristic also changes with temperature and irradiation variation. The model of solar cell can be categorized as P-N semiconductor junction, when exposed to light the DC current is generated. So an ideal Solar cell may be modeled by a current source in parallel with a diode that mathematically describes the V-I characteristic by [3].
International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976
6545(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July
Fig: 2 Typical equivalent circuit of solar cell I=Ipv,cell – Id=Ipv,cell – I[exp(qv/α I=I0(e
Vd/VT -1) (2)
VPV=Vd-RsIpv (3) Where
Ipv is the cell current (Amps). ID is the diode saturation RS is the cell series resistance ( VD is the diode voltage. VPv is the cell voltage.
2.2 OUTPUT CHARACTERISTIC OF PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY
In this model, a PV cell is represented by a current source in parallel with a diode, and a
series resistance. A typical characteristic curve of PV model’s power and voltage curve is shown in Fig: 3
[3].
When the direct contact is between the source and the load, the output of the PV module maximum power and the operating point is noto add an adaptation device, MPPT controller with a Boost coand inverter, between the source and the load
Fig: 3 Typical Power
International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976
is the cell current (Amps). is the diode saturation current (Amps).
resistance (Ohms). is the diode voltage.
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTIC OF PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY
In this model, a PV cell is represented by a current source in parallel with a diode, and a A typical characteristic curve of PV model’s power and voltage curve is
When the direct contact is between the source and the load, the output of the PV module the operating point is no optimal. To avoid this problem, it is necessary
to add an adaptation device, MPPT controller with a Boost converter, Fuzzy logic controller and inverter, between the source and the load
[3].
l Power-Voltage Characteristic of Photovoltaic Array
International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 –
In this model, a PV cell is represented by a current source in parallel with a diode, and a A typical characteristic curve of PV model’s power and voltage curve is
When the direct contact is between the source and the load, the output of the PV module is optimal. To avoid this problem, it is necessary
nverter, Fuzzy logic controller
f Photovoltaic Array
International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 –
Fig: 6(C): Typical Membership Function Plots For ‘U’
Fig: 7 Rule Surface Of FLC.
3.3 DEFUZZIFICATION
Once the degrees of membership of the outputs have been found via the inference
engine, the defuzzification process takes these values and translates them into an output
dispatch signal. Once fuzzification is over, output fuzzy range is located .since at this stage a
non-fuzzy value of control is available a defuzzification [6]
is used for defuzzification in the
proposed scheme. The membership function of the variables error, change in error and change in
reference signal for PWM generator are shown in Fig: 6a-6c respectively.
IV. CONVERTER AND ITS COMPONENTS
4.1 BOOST CONVERTER In many industrial applications, it is required to convert a fixed-voltage DC source into a
variable voltage DC source. A DC –DC converter converts directly from DC to DC and is simply known as a DC converter
[7]. A boost converter provides an output voltage greater than
the input voltage. The circuit arrangement of a boost converter is shown in Fig:7. Value of the duty cycle is determined by the fuzzy controlled which is equipped with a set
of well defined rules.
International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 –
The main function of an inverter is to convert the DC voltage obtained from the PV generator into an AC current
[7]. The lowest DC voltage will occurs with high ambient
temperature, and this effect predominates over the increased of optimal voltage caused by an increment of the irradiance at a constant cell temperature, so the maximum number of series connected models should be determined by this case. Inverter as higher rated voltage of DC link capacitors, inductors and switches are required.
V. SIMULATION AND RESULTS This paper simulated the adopted soft switching boost converter, fuzzy logic
controller and the PV module modeling using the MATLAB SIMULINK SOFTWARE.
5.1 SIMULATION PV MODULES
The equation from 1 to 3 for generating the current by PV array are represented by MATLAB/SIMULATION as shown in Fig: 9
Fig: 9 Modeling Of the Current Generated By PV Array in Matlab/Simulink Software
International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976
6545(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July
5.2 SIMULATION OF BOOST CONVERTER The test signal when applied voltage waveform as shown in Fig: 10. The various parameters used for the simulation boost
Fig: 10 Boost Output
5.3 SIMULATION OF FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER The simulations of the MPPT show that the system is stable. The oscillations about the computed optimal operatinconverter. The designed PV module alogic controller module to tracking the maximum power point using switching techniques as shown in Fig: 11.
Switching frequency
Filter inductanc
Filter capacitance
Output resistance
Output inductance
International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976
The test signal when applied voltage waveform as shown in Fig: 10. The various simulation boost converter are as shown in Table-2.
Fig: 10 Boost Output from Converter
Table-2 Simulation Parameters
SIMULATION OF FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER
The simulations of the MPPT show that the system is stable. The oscillations about the computed optimal operating point are due to the switching action of the DC/DC
The designed PV module and DC-to-DC converter module can connected to fuzzy logic controller module to tracking the maximum power point using switching techniques as
Switching frequency 20KHZ
Filter inductance 0.3MH
Filter capacitance 250 µf
Output resistance 10 ohm
Output inductance 40mho
International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 –
This paper has presented the fuzzy logic controller for controlling maximum power point tracking of a photovoltaic system. The proposed algorithm in PV module and FLC was simulated. The simulation results show that this system is able to adapt the fuzzy parameters for fast response and good transient performances. In addition, the result of the simulation shows the increased efficiency of the system because of reducing the switching losses in the system. This system can provide high efficiency and low switching losses.
REFERENCES
[1] Hicham fakham , Di Lu, Brouno Francois.”Power Control Design Of A Battery Charger In A Hybrid Active PV Generator For Load Following Applications,” IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics., vol. 58, pp. 85-94, Jan 2011.
[2] Sang-hoom park ,Gil-Ro Cha, Yong-Chae Jung and Chung-yuen won .”Design and Application for PV Generationb System Using a Soft-Switching Boost Converter With SARC,” IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics., vol. 57, NO.2, Feb 2010.
[3] Basil M.Hamed, Mohammed S. El-Moghany.”Fuzzy Controller Design Using PhotoVolatic Maximum Power Point Tracking,” International Journal of Advanced Research inArtifical Intelligence, vol.1,no 3, 2012.
[4] Mohammed A.Elgendy, Bashar Zahawi, David J.Atkinson,”Assessment of Perturb and Observe MPPT Algorithm Implementation Techniques for PV Pumping Applications,” IEEE Transaction on Sustainable Energy., vol. 3, NO.1, Jan 2012.
[5] G.Balasubramanian, S.Singaravelu,”Fuzzy Logic Based Controller For A Standlone Hybrid Generation System Using Wind and PhotoVoltaic Energy,” International Journal of advances in Engineering & Technology, May 2012.
[6] Chokri Ben Salah, Mohamed Ouali ,”Comparison Of Fuzzy Logic and Neural Network in Maximum Power Point Tracker For PV Systems,”Elsevier, Electric Power Systems Research 81, pp.no. 43-50, 2011.
[7] Jaime Alonso-Martinez,Santiago Arnaltes,”A Three-Phase Grid- Connected Inverter For PhotoVoltaic Aopplications Using Fuzzy MPPT,” International Journal of Advanced
International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 –
Research inArtifical Intelligence, vol.1,no 4, 2011 [8] Caisheng Wang,M.Hashem Nehrir,”Power Management of a Stand- Alone
Wind/Photovoltaic/ Fuel Cell Energy System,” ,” IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion., vol. 23, NO.3, Sep 2008.
[9] Subiyanto, Azah Mohamed, Husasin Shareef,”Hopfield Neural Network Optimized Power Point Tracking In a PhotoVoltaic System,”International Journal of Photoenergy Vol. Article Id 798361, 13 pages,2012.
[10] Nopporn Patcharaprakitia,Suttichai Premrudeepreechacharnb,Yosanai Sriuthaisiriwong.” Maximum power point tracking using adaptive fuzzy logic control for grid-connected photovoltaic system”, 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
[11] Power Electronics; circuits, Devices and Applications.by M.Rashid [12] R.Valarmathi,S.Palaniswami, N.Devarajan,”Simulation and Analysis of Wind Energy
and PhotoVoltaic Hybrid System,”International Journal Of soft Computing and engineering, ISSN: 2231-2307,vol.2, issue.2,may 2012
Balamurugan T was born in Chennai on NOV 16, 1985. He received the
B.E. degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from the Anna
University, Chennai in 2007, M.Tech degree in Power Electronics and
Drives in PRIST University, Tanjore in 2011, MBA degree in Human
Resource Management in Annamalai University, Chidambaram in 2009.
Currently Pursuing Ph.D degree in Renewable Energy Sources in
Karpagam University, Coimbatore. He is Assistant Professor at the
department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering of Mount Zion
college of Engineering and Technology and he is also a life time member
of ISTE. He has a long experience in the design of control systems for
power electronic converters and more exactly multi-phase and multilevel
converters. He is currently working on advanced renewable energy based
generators and energy management systems for future smart grids.
Dr.S.Manoharan took his B.E degree in Electrical and Electronics
Engineering from Government College of Technology, Coimbatore in
1997, M.E degree in Electrical Machines from PSG College of
Technology, Coimbatore in 2004 and Ph.D. in the area of Electrical
Machines and drives from Anna University Chennai in July 2010. He has
over 18 years of teaching experience. He is currently working as Professor
and Head, Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering in
Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu. He has
published research papers in both National and international journals of
repute and presented papers in National and International Conferences. He
has published more than half a dozen-text books on Electrical and
Electronics related fields. He is a life member of ISTE, SSI and member of
IE (India) and IEEE. Presently under his guidance, there are 14 students
are doing their doctoral work in Anna university Chennai and Karpagam
university, Coimbatore.
International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976
6545(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July
Sheeba P
B.E. degree in E
University, Chennai in 2006,
in Anna University, Trichy in 2009, MBA degree in Human
Management in Alagappa University, Karaikudi
Professor at the
Mount Zion college of Engineering and Technology
experience in
converters. Sh
Savithri M
B.E. degree in E
University, Chennai in 2010
in Anna University,
department of Electrical
college of Engineering and Technology.
Hybrid energy based systems
International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976