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ISSN: 1119-1449
Nigerian-German Kainji Lake Fisheries Promotion Project
Technical Report Series 9.
CEEMENIEL
Nigerian-German (GTZ)Kainji Lake FisheriesPromotion Project
$110.;..k_
%1410.
March, 1998
FISHERIES STATISTICAL BULLETINKAINJI LAKE, NORTHERN NIGERIA, ( 37
ISSN: 1119-1449
Nigerian-German Kainji Lake Fisheries Promotion Project
Technical Report Series 9.
FISHERIES STATISTICAL BULLETINKAINJI LAKE, NORTHERN NIGERIA, `i997
CEEMENEL%-77,,v7,ttaliz.,
Nigerian-German (GTZ)Kainji Lake FisheriesPromotion Project
The Kainji Lake Fisheries Statistical Bulletin is published annually by the Nigerian- German (GTZ)Kainji Lake Fisheries Promotion Project. The bulletin presents summary tables and charts on levelsof fishing activity, fishing effort, yields and economic values of yields for the Lake fishery. Framesurvey data and fishing gear measurements are also included.
Data of fishing localities and units of effort are compiled from the annual frame surveyof Kainji Lake which takes place during November each year. Yield information is taken fl'om theproject's monthly catch and effort sampling which is extrapolated to the a.nnual frame survey data.Data on mesh size distribution per net type and other net characteristics (for example, headlinelength and depth) are obtained from the annual fishing gear survey conducted by the project.
Prior to the project statistical data on the Lake fisheries were available between 1969 to 1978.Mier this period regular collection of statistical data ceased. There was, therefore, a lack of currentinformation -which the project could utilise to formulate an appropriate management plan for thefishery.
Since it's inception, the Project set about to address this problem by instituting various surveyscovering the aspects of the fishery geared towards its management and development. Between 1993and 1997 these activities have generated a large volume of data. This has been analysed and asummary of the results are contained within this bulletin.
It is anticipated that the bulletin will be useful to Government Officers, researchers, academics andprospective fisherfolk.
A map of the Lake, locations of the boundaries used, a list of commercial Lake species andgeographical and hydrological information are also included.
For bibliographic purposes any data reproduced from this bulletin should be cited as follows:
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kainjil Lake, Northern Nigeria, 1997.Nigerian- German (GTZ) Kainji Lake Fisheries Promotion ProjectTechnical Report Series 9. ISSSN 1119-1449. ISBN 978-037-008-0
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kainji Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Pa.ge 2
FOREWORD
The Kainji Lake Fisheries Statistical Bulletin is published annually by the Nigerian- German (GTZ)Kainji Lake Fisheries Promotion Project. The bulletin presents summary tables and charts on levelsof fishing activity, fishing effort, yields and economic values of yields for the Lake fishery. Framesurvey data and fishing gear measurements are also included.
Data of fishing localities and units of effort are compiled from the annual frame surveyof Kainji Lake which takes place during November each year. Yield information is taken from theproject's monthly catch and effort sampling which is extrapolated to the annual fratne survey data.Data on mesh size distribution per net type and other net characteristics (for example, headlinelength and depth) are obtained from the annual fishing gear survey conducted by the project.
Prior to the project statistical data on the Lake fisheries were available between 1969 to 1978.Afler this period regular collection of statistical data ceased. There was, therefore, a lack of currentinformation -which the project could utilise to formulate an appropriate management plan for thefishery.
Since it's inception, the Project set about to address this problem by instituting various surveyscovering the aspects of the fishery geared towards its management and development. Between 1993and 1997 these activities have generated a large volume of data. This has been analysed and asummai-y of the results are contained -within this bulletin.
It is anticipated that the bulletin will be useful to Government Officers, researchers, academics andprospective fisherfolk.
A map of the Lake, locations of the boundaries used, a list of commercial Lake species andgeographical and hydrological information are also included.
For bibliographic purposes any data reproduced from this bulletin should be cited as follows:
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kainji Lake, Northern Nigeria, 1997.Nigerian- German (GTZ) Kainji Lake Fisheries Promotion ProjectTechnical Report Series 9. ISSSN 1119-1449. ISBN 978-037-008-0
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kaillii Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Pa.ge 2
10.30 N
Kainji Lake, Noitheto Nigmia.Showing ttin disttihnlion nf fishing vilInges
Date of formation: 1968Max. length: 134 kinMax. width: 24.1 kmDepth: 60m. (Max.), 11m (Mean)Surface area: 1,270 km2Volume: 13.97 km3Annual fluctuation in water level: 10-11 m.Catchment area: 1.6 x 106 km2
The Annual Lake Level (Meters above Sea Level) and Monthly Rainfall (mm)for Kainji Lake
140.0
138.0 -
136.0 -
134.0 -
132.0 -
130.0 -
128.0
List of A uatic Ve etation Kainji Lake
Plant speciesEichhomia crassipes, Water hyacinthEchnochloa stagnina, Niger grassPolygonium segalensisCyperus rotundus
% cover high water15.92*
% cover low water1.96*
* 1997 percent cover of Lake surface area
NGKLFIT Tech. Rep. &ties ISSN: 1119- 1449
Source: Vanden Bossehe, J.P. &
Bernacsek, G.M. Source book for
the inland fishery resources of Africa:
2. CIFA Tech. Paper. No. 18.2.
Rome. FAO
350.0
300.0
250.0
200.0
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
Monthly lake level (1997 data, NEPA, Kainji Dam)
n Monthly rainfall (1997 data, N)FFR)
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kainji Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 6
JF MAMJ J A S 0 N D
Month
Geographical Data for Kainji Lake
Date of formation: 1968Max. length: 134 kmMax. width: 24.1 kmDepth: 60m. (Max.), 11m (Mean)Surface area: 1,270 km2Volume: 13.97 km3Annual fluctuation in water level: 10-11 m.Catchment area: 1.6 x 106 km2
The Annual Lake Level (Meters above Sea Level) and Monthly Rainfall (mm)for Kainji Lake
EE
151.
o
140.0
138.0 -
136.0 -
134.0 -
132.0 -
130.0 -
128.0
List of Aquatic Vegetation, Kainji Lake
Plant speciesEichhomia crassipes, Water hyacinthEchnochloa stagnina, Niger grassPolygonfurn segalensisCype rus rotundus
% cover high water15.92*
% cover low water1.96*
* 1997 percent cover of Lake surface area
NGKLFIT Tech. Rep. Series ISSN: 1119- 1449
Source: Vanden Bossehe, J.P. &
Bernacsek, G.M. Source book for
the inland fishery resources of Africa:
2. CIFA Tech. Paper. No. 18.2.
Rome. FAO
350.0
300.0
250.0"al 41>
>CU
200.0CU
>CU 0
150.0 c
100.0 a.)
50.0
0.0
Monthly lake level (1997 data, NEPA, Kainji Dam)
n Monthly rainfall (1997 data, NIFFR)
Fis-heries Statistical Bulletin, Kainji Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 6
J F M A M J J A S 0 N D
Month
Checklist of the Commercially Exploited Fish Species in Kainji Lake
The Types of Fisheries SurveysSince 1993, annual frame surveys have been conducted by the Nigerian-German (GTZ) Kainji LakeFisheries Promotion Project (NGKLFPP) to determine the distribution and number of fishinglocalities, fisherfolk, fishing canoes and fishing gears around Kainji Lake. The results of thesesurveys are used to implement the gear based catch and effort sampling program from whichmonthly estimates of fishing effort and fish catch are derived. Changes in fishing gearcharacteristics such as mesh size, headline length and depth have been monitored through the catchassessment and annual gear surveys, conducted since 1994,
Fishing LocalitiesA total number of 309 fishing localities were recorded in 1997 giving a 8% increase from the 1996frame survey. Since 1993 there has been a steady increase in the number of fishing localities in allthe sub strata. The exception was in 1994 when a high water level was recorded causing temporaryfishing camps to be abandoned.
The highest number of fishing localities occurred in the eastern part of the Lake, especially in thesouth and north where the terrain is suitable for settlement and fishing activities. Niger State hadmore fishing localities (63%) than Kebbi State (37%), which may be attributed to its longershoreline. Kebbi State had more permanent fishing camps than Niger, particularly at Foge Island.Where they existed the temporaity fishing camps were evenly distributed between the sub strata .
FisherfolksThere was an increase in the number of fishing entrepreneurs and fishing assistants over the years.A total number of 5,772 fishing entrepreneurs and 7,136 fishing assistants were recorded during the1997 frame survey. From 1994 there was a decrease in the number of shoreline fisherfolk and anincrease in the number of fishing entrepreneurs per km shoreline from 4.4 to 6.6.
The number of fisherwornen is hard to quantify due to their poor accessibility in the villages,generally attributed to their cultural and religious practises. Although more likely higher, 335fisherwomen were recorded in 1997. The women recorded entirely used gill nets with an average of1.6 nets, 0.5 canoes and 1 assistant each.
Fishing Canoes and EnginesThe total number of fishing canoes decreased from 9,278 in 1996 to 7,623 in 1997. The south andnorth of the Lake had increases in canoe number whilst the highest concentration occurred at thewestern side of the central Lake basin. Despite the increase in the total number of canoes theaverage number per entrepreneur has consistently decreased from 1.9 to 1.3 for the past 4 years,
There was a decrease in the number of transport canoes, whilst since 1993 the number of enginesremained the same.
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kainji Lake, Nigeria 997 Page 8
NGKLFPP Tech. Rep. Series ISSN: 1119- 1449
OVERVIEW OF ME LAKE FISHERY
The Types of Fisheries SurveysSince 1993, annual frame surveys have been conducted by the Nigerian-Germa.n (GTZ) Kainji LakeFisheries Promotion Project (NGKLFPP) to determine the distribution and number of fishinglocalities, fisherfolk, fishing canoes and fishing gears around Kainji Lake. The results of thesesurveys are used to implement the gear based catch and effort sampling program from whichmonthly estimates of fishing effort and fish catch are derived. Changes in fishing gearcharacteristics such as mesh size, headline length and depth have been monitored through the catchassessment and annual gear surveys, conducted since 1994.
Fishing LocalitiesA total number of 309 fishing localities were recorded in 1997 giving a 8% increase from the 1996fi-ame survey. Since 1993 there has been a steady increase in the number of fishing localities in allthe sub strata. The exception was in 1994 when a high water level was recorded causing temporaryfishing camps to be abandoned.
The highest number of fishing localities occurred in the eastern part of the Lake, especially in thesouth and north where the terrain is suitable for settlement and fishing activities. Niger State hadmore fishing localities (63%) than Kebbi State (37%), which may be attributed to its longershoreline. Kebbi State had more permanent fishing camps than Niger, particularly at Foge Island.Where they existed the temporaty fishing camps were evenly distributed between the sub strata .
FisherfolksThere was an increase in the number of fishing entrepreneurs and fishing assistants over the years.A total number of 5,772 fishing entrepreneurs and 7,136 fishing assistants were recorded during the1997 frame survey. From 1994 there was a decrease in the number of shoreline fisherfolk and anincrease in the number of fishing entrepreneurs per km shoreline from 4.4 to 6.6.
The number of fisherwornen is hard to quantify due to their poor accessibility in the villages,generally attributed to their cultural and religious practises. Although more likely higher, 335fisherwomen were recorded in 1997. The women recorded entirely used gill nets with an average of1.6 nets, 0.5 canoes and 1 assistant each.
Fishing Canoes and EnginesThe total number of fishing canoes dect eased from 9,278 in 1996 to 7,623 in 1997. The south andnorth of the Lake had increases in canoe number whilst the highest concentration occurred at thewestern side of the central Lake basin Despite the increase in the total number of canoes theaverage number per entrepreneur has consistently decreased from 1.9 to 1.3 foi the past 4 years
There was a decrease in the number of transport canoes, whilst since 1993 the number of enginesremained the same.
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kainji Lake, Nigeria 997 Page 8
NC3J<I,FP1) Tech. Rep, Series ISSN: 1119- 1449
Fishing GearsDuring the 1997 fratne survey, a total number of 12,566 gill nets, 1,004 drift nets, 582 beach seines,3,703 cast nets, 7,996 longlines and 32,711 traps were recorded. The concentration of the gears(number per km shoreline) was highest at the western side of the central and northern basins of theLake.
Despite the increasing numbers of gears on the Lake, of concern was the decline recorded for allthe fishing methods in the number of gears owned by individual entrepreneurs. This was veryprominent in the gill net and longline fisheries. These two fisheries have the lowest daily catchvalues and coupled with the problem of gear theft on the Lake, ovvnership in future may fall further.
The number of larger fishing units (those entrepreneurs with a large number of gears) also declinedas did the number of gears new entrants entered the fishery with. The decline was particularlyworrying for the beach seine fishery where diversification into other fishin,g methods would bebeneficial in light of the present ban on beach seines.
The group of not active' fishing entrepreneurs (those who do not themselves participate in fishingactivities) had the highest crwnership of gears whilst the new entrants into the fishery had thelowest. There was evidence that these new entrants into th.e fishery were using cast nets which isworrying given the trend of using smaller mesh sizes of this gear.
Contravention of Fisheries RegulationsA total of 47% of gill nets, 71% drift nets, 100% beach seines and 26% cast nets recorded duting1997 were illegal (according to the Niger ancl Kebbi State Fisheries Edicts, 1996). Fencing offportions of the dra-w down area of the Lake and cutting of aquatic weeds to clear sites for beachseining occur and are of concern. These violations could pose a serious danger to the sustainedpi oductivity of the fish stocks.
Fishing Net CharacteristicsThe annual mean mesh size recorded from the CAS has remained stable. The average mesh size ingill nets and drift nets was lower than the minimum allowable size whilst it was above in cast nets.There has been a steady decline in the headline lengths in gill nets, drift nets and beach seine netswhilst the cast nets have increased in size. Except for 1995, for both gill nets and beach seines,there was a gradual decline in average depth of the net.
Annual Fish Yield and Effort Estimates by Gear TypeThe total estimated yield for the fishery was 28,753 Mt. during 1997, a decrease of 25% from38,246 Mt. tecorded in 1996.
The reason for the decline during 1997 is attributed to the variable yield from the beach seineswhich targeted the clupeid resource of the lake. The beach seine fishery expanded rapidly during1996 contributing 53 % to the total lake yield and the decline in catch from 20,334 Mt. to 11,327Mt. (39% of the total lake yield) in 1997 is of serious concern.
The associated high by-catch from beach seines, which were juveniles or immature stages of themajor commercial species of the lake is also of concern.
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kaihji Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 9
NGKI,FP1) Tech. Rep, Series 1SSN 1 I 19- 1449
Fishing GearsDuring the 1997 frame survey, a total number of 12,566 gill nets, 1,004 drift nets, 582 beach seines,3,703 cast nets, 7,996 longlines and 32,711 traps were recorded. The concentration of the gears(number per km shoreline) was highest at the western side of the central and northern basins of theLake.
Despite the increasing numbers of gears on the Lake, of concern was the decline recorded for allthe fishing methods in the number of gears owned by individual entrepreneurs. This was veryprominent in the gill net and longline fisheries. These two fisheries have the lowest daily catchvalues and coupled vvith the problem of gear theft on the Lake, ownership in future inay fall further.
The number of larger fishing units (those entrepreneurs with a large number of gears) also declinedas did the number of gears new entrants entered the fishery with. The decline was particularlyworrying for the beach seine fishery where diversification into other fishing methods would bebeneficial in light of the present ban on beach seines.
The group of not active' fishing entrepreneurs (those who do not themselves participate in fishingactivities) liad the highest olivnership of gears whilst the new entrants into the fishery had thelowest. There was evidence that these new entrants into th.e fishely were using cast nets which isworrying given the trend of using smaller mesh sizes of this gear.
Contravention of Fisheries RegulationsA total of 47% of gill nets, 71% drift nets, 100% beach seines and 26% cast nets recorded duting1997 were illegal (according to the Niger and Kebbi State Fisheries Edicts, 1996). Fencing offportions of the draw down area of the Lake and cutting of aquatic weeds to clear sites for beachseining occur and are of concern These violations could pose a serious danger to the sustainedptoductivity of the fish stocks.
Fishing Net CharacteristicsThe annual mean mesh size recorded from the CAS has remained stable. The average mesh size ingill nets and drift nets was lower than the minimum allowable size whilst it was above in cast nets.There has been a steady decline in the headline lengths in gill nets, drift nets and beach seine netswhilst the cast nets have increased in size. Except for 1995, for both gill nets and beach seines,there was a gradual decline in average depth of the net.
Annual Fish Yield and Effort Estimates by Gear TypeThe total estimated yield for the fishery was 28,753 Mt. during 1997, a decrease of 25% from38,246 Mt. tecorded in 1996.
The reason for the decline during 1997 is attributed to the variable yield from the beach seineswhich targeted the clupeid resource of the lake. The beach seine fishery expanded rapidly during1996 contributing 53 % to the total lake yield and the decline in catch from 20,334 Mt. to 11,327Mt. (39% of the total lake yield) in 1997 is of serious concern.
The associated high by-catch from beach seines, which were juveniles or immature stages of themajor commercial species of the lake is also of concern.
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kaihji Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page
The yield from the traditional gill net fishery, the second most important gear in terms of yield,remained constant from 1996 to 1997. Of concern, however, was the decline in catch ¡'ates of the 2inch to 4.5 inch meshed nets. The rise in small meshed gill nets (particularly 1 inch) is of concern.
l'he cast net fisheiy yield remained constant despite more nets operating on the lake. The cpuedeclined slightly from 1995 to 1997. Cast nets were the second most destructive gear in use on thelake and were responsible for high catches of undersized Citharitms ciiharys and Plapia sp.
In terms of yield the drift net fishery was the forth most important fishery present on the lake. Theannual contribution of drift nets declined from 11% in 1994 to 6% in 1997. During this time theyield fell by 57% to 1,653 Mt., despite a rise in the number of nets operating. Of grave concern isthe fall of the monthly catch per unit effort by 56% from 1995 to 1997.
The longline fishery experienced a decline in the total number of lines but had a stable cpue duringthe past 3 years. The longline was the most non-selective gear for small fish size in use on the lakeand targeted species not represented in the catches from other gears. The longline fishery should beencouraged to grow.
The trap fishery contributed 12% of yield in 1997 and has shown increasing yields andincreasing numbers of traps owned by fishermen during the last three years. The trap fisherytargeted small sized tilapiines and Citharima -which ultimately decreased the catches from gill nets.The Clariidae were also targeted at small size by cast nets reducing the future catches of thelongline fishery.
There were about 40 commercially exploited fish species on the lake, belonging to 14 families.Clupeids accounted for 31% of the total lake yield in 1997. The remaining percentage showed alarge mix of species of which Citharitms citharus contributed 11%, tilapiines 11% , Synadanti,smembranacemis 11% and Chysichtl2ys 8%. The remaining 15 fish taxon sampled contributedbelow 5%.
Citharitms and Synodotitis have a large fecundity and have withstood enormous fishing pressure.The fisheries using undersized meshed nets have mainly targeted the juveniles and immature stagesof these species. Small sized fish are mainly caught on the lake and this poses enormous pressure tothe tilapiine stocks -which, once diminished, would be almost impossible to revive given the currentsmall meshed gear configuration used and the low fecundity of the tilapiine species.
Economic Value of Fish Yield by Gear TypeThe gross income from the take fishery was Naira 845,647,0001 and was higher in 1997 than 1995.In 1997 the gill net fishery contributed 34% to the total catch value, followed by the beach seinefishery (23%). The cast net and trap fishery contributed 13% whilst the longline and drift netfisheries both contfibuted 9% of the total catch value for the lake.
I Exchange rate: USD 1 Naira 87
NGKLEPP Tech. Rep. Series ISSN: 1119- 1449
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kainp Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 10I Exchange rate: USD 1 Naira 87
NGKLEPP Tech. Rm, SefiCS ISSN: 1119- 1449
The yield from the traditional gill net fishery, the second most important gear in terms of yield,remained constant from 1996 to 1997. Of concern, however, was the decline in catch rates of the 2inch to 4.5 inch meshed nets. The rise in small meshed gill nets (particularly 1 inch) is of concern.
The cast net fishery yield remained constant despite more nets operating on the lake. The cpuedeclined slightly from 1995 to 1997. Cast nets were the second most destructive gear in use on thelake and were responsible for high catches of undersized Citharimis ciiharys and Mapia sp.
In. terms of yield the drift net fishery was the forth most important fishery present on the lake. Theannual contribution of drift nets declined from 11% in 1994 to 6% in 1997. During this time theyield fell by 57% to 1,653 Mt., despite a rise in the number of nets operating. Of grave concern isthe fall of the monthly catch per unit effort by 56% from 1995 to 1997.
The longline fishery experienced a decline in the total number of lines but had a stable cpue duringthe past 3 years. The longline was the most non-selective gear for small fish size in use on the lakeand targeted species not represented in the catches from other gears. The longline fishery should beencouraged to grow.
The trap fishery contributed 12% of yield in 1997 and has shown increasing yields andincreasing numbers of traps owned by fishermen during the last three years. The trap fisherytargeted small sized tilapiines and Citharima -which ultimately decreased the catches from gill nets.The Clariidae were also targeted at small size by cast nets reducing the future catches of thelongline fishery.
There were about 40 commercially exploited fish species on the lake, belonging to 14 families.Clupeids accounted for 31% of the total lake yield in 1997. The remaining percentage showed alarge mix of species of which Citharimis citharus contributed 11%, tilapiines 11% , Synoclonasmembranaceolis 11% and Chysichtl2ys 8%. The remaining 15 fish taxon sampled contributedbelow 5%.
CithaTimis and Synodontis have a large fecundity and have withstood enormous fishing pressure.The fisheries using undersized meshed nets have mainly targeted the juveniles and immature stagesof these species. Small sized fish are mainly caught on the lake and this poses enormous pressure tothe tilapiine stocks Whiell, once diminished, would be almost impossible to revive given the currentsmall meshed gear configuration used and the low fecundity of the tilapiine species.
Economic Value of Fish Yield by Gear TypeThe gross income from the take fishery was Naira 845,647,0001 and was higher in 1997 than 1995.In 1997 the gill net fishery contributed 34% to the total catch value, followed by the beach seinefishery (23%). The cast net and trap fishery contributed 13% whilst the longline and drift netfisheries both contributed 9% of the total catch value for the lake.
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kainfi Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 10
NGKLFPP Tech. Rep. Series ISSN: 1119- 1449
Fisheries Management implementation StrategyIt is clear that incidences of illegal fishing, in contravention of the fisheries regulations, abound onthe lake. These include the continuous use of beach seines and fishing with mesh sizes below theminimum stipulated sizes for gill nets, cast nets, drift nets and traps. The violations are of seriousconcern to the Kainji Lake Fisheries Management and Conservation Unit' which is charged withthe management of the fish resource. The problem, as indicated, is multi-faceted and should beapproached in a systematic fashion. In this direction, the project will focus mainly on the followingactivities:
to arrest the increase in the number of beach seines on the Lake and if possible reduce thenumber.
to stop the practice of fish fencing and grass cutting.
to arrest the increased use of 1 inch meshed gill nets and if possible reduce the number.
to arrest the increased use of 1 and 1.5 inch cast nets and if possible reduce the number.
to arrest the increased use of fishing traps.
For the effective long term monitoring of the fishery it is paramount that the catch assessment andframe surveys continue far beyond the expected life span of the project.
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kainji Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 11-
NGKLFPP Tech. Rep. Series ISSN: 1119- 1449
Fisheries Management implementation StrategyIt is clear that incidences of illegal fishing, in contravention of the fisheries regulations, abound onthe lake. These include the continuous use of beach seines and fishing with mesh sizes below theminimum stipulated sizes for gill nets, cast nets, drift nets and traps. The violations are of seriousconcern to the Kainji Lake Fisheries Management and Conservation Unit' which is charged withthe management of the fish resource. The problem, as indicated, is multi-faceted and should beapproached in a systematic fashion. In this direction, the project will focus mainly on the followingactivities:
to arrest the increase in the nuinber of beach seines on the Lake and if possible reduce thenumber.
to stop the practice of fish fencing and grass cutting.
to arrest the increased use of 1 inch meshed gill nets and if possible reduce the number.
to arrest the increased use of 1 and 1.5 inch cast nets and if possible reduce the number.
to arrest the increased use of fishing traps.
For the effective long term monitoring of the fishery it is paramount that the catch assessment andframe surveys continue far beyond the expected life span of the project.
Fisheries S'tatistical Bulletin, Kainji Lake, Nigeria, 1997 Page 11-
TABLE OF CONTE:NTS
NGKITP13 Tech. Rep. Series ISSN: 1119- 1449
Fisheries Statistical 13ztlletin, Kainji Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 12
SECTION 1. FISHING LOCALITIES AND TYPES 13
1.1. WHOLE LAKE 13
1.2. BY STATE 13-
SECTION 2. FRAME SURVEY DATA 14
2.1. WHOLE LAXE 14
2.2. BY STATE 14
2.3. BY SUB-STRNTUM 14
2.4. NUNIBER OF FISHERWOME.N, SHORE FISHERS AND TRANSPORT BOATS 16
SECTION 3. NUMBER OF LICENSED FISHERMEN BY STATE 16
SECTION 4. MESH SIZE DISTRIBUTION 17
SECTION 5. FISHING NET CHARACTERISTICS 18
SECTION 6. FISH YIELD 19
MONTHLY YIELD 1.9
6,2, BREAKDOWN OE THE ANNUAL YIELD BY FISH TAXON 19
6.3. BREAKDOWN OF THE ANNUAL YIELD BY FISH TAXON AND GEAR TYPE 19
SECTION 7. TOTAL ANNUAL FISHING EFFORT BY GEAR TYPE 20
SECTION 8. TOTAL ANNUAL VALUE OF FISH LANDED BY GEAR TYPE 21
SECTION 9. FISHING ACTIVITY AND CPUE LEVELS 22
TABLE OF CONTENTS
NGKITIT Tech. Rep. Series ISSN: 1119- 1449
Fisheries Statistical 13ulletin, Kainji Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 12
SECTION 1. FISHING LOCALITIES AND TYPES 13
1.1. WHOLE LAKE 13
1.2. BY STATE 13-
SECTION 2. FRA.ME SURVEY DATA 14
2.1. WHOLE LAKE 14
2.2. BY STATE 14
2.3. BY SUB-STRAFUM 14
2.4. NUNIEER OF FISBERWOMEN, SHORE FISHERS AND TRANSPORT BOATS 16
SECTION 3. NUMBER OF LICENSED FISHERMEN BY STATE 16
SECTION 4. MESH SIZE DISTRIBUTION 17
SECTION 5. FISHING NET CHARACTERISTICS 18
SECTION 6. FISH YIELD 19
MONTHLY YIELD 196,2, BREAKDOWN OF THE ANNUAL YIELD BY FISH TAXON 196.3, BREAKDOWN OF THE ANNUAL YIELD BY FISH TAXON AND GEAR TYPE 19
SECTION 7. TOTAL ANNUAL FISHING EFFORT BY GEAR TYPE 20
SECTION 8. TOTAL ANNUAL VALUE OF FISH LANDED BY GEAR TYPE 21
Year Ent Assis Can Eng GN DN BS CN LL TR1993 368 881 811 153 1,532 325 14 281 1,003 6,777
1994 358 869 785 180 1,356 280 28 325 681 531
1995 436 953 911 168 1,374 340 34 357 968 3,005
1996 478 1,141 971 220 1,661 354 27 348 568 2,615
1997 477 611 759 144 1,050 221 20 218 506 944
Fisherie,y Stati,ytical Bulletin, Kainji Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 15
Note: Ent= ,fishing entrepreneur (owner of the fishing units), aSSiS .fishing assistants, canfishing canoes, eng: outboard engines-, GN: gill net bundles, DAT: drift. nets, BS: beach,seines,CN: CaSi nets, LL: long/mes, IR.Jishing traps.011e bundle of gill net is .100 yds (91 meters) of unmounted netting material.Que longline is 100 hook.s (1 packet),
2.4. Number of Fisherwornen, Shore Fishers and Transport Boats
Section 3. Number of Licensed Fishermen by State
NC3KLFIT Tech. Rep. Series ISSN: 1119- 1449
Sub stratum 08
Note: Licen.se .fee per fishing ennepreneur (owner of the fishing gear) Naira 200,.fee per.fishing assistant (hired workers or sons/ daughters of the entrepreneur) Naira 50.Figures as at lst. June, 1998.
Year Ent L Assis Can Eng GN .DN BS CN LL 'FR1993 1,025 3,392 2,271 266 5376 643 122 1,120 2,960 3,790
Year Fisherwornen Shore fishers Trans .)ort boats1993 460 1881994 _. 949 1781995 115 573 2211996 226 360 173
1997 335 184 127
Niger KebbiYear Ent Ass Ent Ass1998 1,730 1,644 1,427 1,557
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kainfi Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 16
Note: Ent= .fishing entrepreneur (Mlle,' of the fishing units), CISSiS .fishing assistants, canfishing canoes, eng: outboard engines-, GN: gill net bundles, DAT: drift. nets, BS: beachseines,CN: cast nets, LL: long/mes, IR: ,fishing traps,One bundle of gill net is 100 yds (91 meters) of unmounted netting material.Otte longline is 100 hooks (1 packet),
2.4. Number of Fisherwomen, Shore Fishers and Transport Boats
Section 3. Number of Licensed Fishermen by State
NC3KLFFP Tech. Rep. Series ISSN: 1119- 1449
Sub str(tum 0 8
Note: License .fee per fishing entrepreneur (owner of the fishing gear) Nana 200,..fee per.fishing assistant (hired workers or sons/ daughters of the entreprenetu) Naira 50.Figures as at lst, lime, 1998.
Year Fisherwomen Shore fishers Transport boats1993 460 1881994 949 1781995 115 573 2211996 226 360 173
1997 335 184 127
Niger KebbiYear Ent Ass Ent Ass1998 1,730 1,644 1,427 1,557
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kainji Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 16
Section 4. Mesh Size Distribution (%)
Gill Net
Drift Net
Beach Seine
Cast Net
NGKLF1313 'Tech. Rep. Series ISSN: 1119- 1449
Note: According to the Niger and Kebbi State Fisheries Edicts, Alinimum allowable mesh sizes;GN : 3 inch , DN : 2.5 inch , CN : 2.0 inch, beach seines are banned under the edict.All nie,sh sizes measured as siretched mesh size in inches.
Fisheries- Statistical Bulletin, Kainji Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 17
Section 4. Mesh Size Distribution (%)
Gill Net
Drift Net
Beach Seine
Cast Net
NGKLFPF) 'Tech. Rep. Series ISSN: 1119- 1449
Note: According to the Niger and Kebbi State Fisheries Edicts, Minimum allowable mesh sizes:GN : 3 inch , DN : 2.5 inch , CN : 2.0 inch, beach seines are banned under the edict.All me,sb sizes measured as stretched mesh size in inches.
Year Clu Cic Syn Lat Bag Ale Cit Oth Total1995 0 613 731 200 969 173 1276 1338 5,300
1996 0 780 1939 376 1244 289 1345 1429 7,402
1997 0 766 2037 377 896 222 1740 1326 7,364
Year Clu Cic Syn Lat Bag Ale Cit Oth Total1995 0 291 580 51 726 229 982 967 3,827
1996 0 172 457 56 373 105 374 668 2,208
1997 0 116 345 39 242 66 360 486 1,653
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kaiiyi Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 19
Gill net S ecies rou
Beach seine
Cast net
Lon line
Fishin tra
NGKLFPP Tech. Rep. Series ISSN: 1119- 1449
Note: Clzt-clztpeids., Cic-cichlids, Syn-Synodontis/ hemisynodontis, Lates, Bag-Bagrus/Chryichthys/ Clarotes, Ale-Alestes, Cit-Citharimts/ Distichodzts, Oth-Cyprinids/Mormyrids/Hydrocynzts../ Clarids.All yield estimates are measured in metric tonnes
Section 7. Total Annual Fishing Effort by Gear Type
Note.. Effort is expressed as total number of gear fishing days in units of 1000: GN: number ofgill net bundles, DiV, BS, CN: total number of nets, LL, IR .. total number lines/ traps.
Year Clu Cic Syn Lat Bag Ale Cit Oth Total1995 9,526 605 662 324 897 292 1,370 1,540 15,215
1996 16,167 473 212 285 1,204 235 861 896 20,334
1997 8.877 385 190 171 566 159 477 501 11,327
Year Clu Cie Syn Lat Bag Ale Cit Oth Total1995 0 1,027 330 23 295 205 1,424 765 4,070
1996 0 1.314 396 29 135 103 762 579 3,318
1997 0 901 1.019 13 92 69 844 550 3,489
Year Clu Cic Syn Lat Bag Ale Cit Oth Total1995 0 82 156 232 960 14 78 924 2,445
1996 0 89 218 323 660 7 20 584 1,900
1997 0 76 118 235 443 8 29 510 1,419
Year Clu Cic Syn Lat Bag Ale Cit Oth Total1995 0 305 322 1 312 20 119 539 1,617
Section 7. Total Annual Fishing Effort by Gear Type
Note: Effort is expressed as total number of gear fishing days in units of 1000: GN: number ofgill net bundles, DN, BS, CN: total number of nets, LL, IR : total number lines/ traps.
Year Clu Cic Syn Lat Bag Ale Cit Oth Total1995 9,526 605 662 324 897 292 1,370 1,540 15,215
1996 16,167 473 212 285 1,204 235 861 896 20,334
1997 8,877 385 190 171 566 159 477 501 11,327
Year Clu Cie Syn Lat Bag Ale Cit Oth Total1995 0 1,027 330 23 295 205 1,424 765 4,070
1996 0 1,314 396 29 135 103 762 579 3,318
1997 0 901 1,019 13 92 69 844 550 3,489
Year Clu Cic Syn Lat Bag Ale Cit Oth Total1995 0 82 156 232 960 14 78 924 2,445
1996 0 89 218 323 660 7 20 584 1,900
1997 0 76 118 235 443 8 29 510 1,419
Year Clu Cic Syn Lat Bag Ale Cit Oth Total1995 0 305 322 1 312 20 119 539 1,617
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kalil.» Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 25
- -10 -
5 -
Figure 7. Cast Net Activity Level by Month
25
o
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
Figure 8. Cast Net cpue by Month
35
30 -
25 -
20 -
15-'
10 -
5 -
o
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
//
NGKLFPP Tech. Rep. Series ISSN: 1119- 1449
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----1995e- - -1996
1997
----1995-e- - -1996
- 1997
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kainji Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 25
'
`774L-.øç
Figure 9. The Longline Activity Level by Month
45
40 -
35 -
30
25
20
15
10
5
O
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
O
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
Figure 10. The Longline cpue by Month
NGKLFPP Tech. Rep. Series ISSN: 1119- 1449
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
1995
-1996
1997
Fi,s-herie,s Statistical Bulletin, Kainji Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 26
Figure 9. The Longline Activity Level by Month
45
40 -
35 -
30
25
20
15
10
5
o
Figure 10. The Longline cpue by Month
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
o
NGKI-FPP Tech. Rep. Series ISSN: 1119- 1449
/'
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
'Of
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
---1995-1996
. 1997
--19951996
- 1997
Fi,s-herie,s Statistical Bulletin, Kainji Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 26
Figure 11. Fishing Trap Activity Level by Month
60 -
50 -
40 -
30 -
20 -
10 -
o
0.8 -
0.6 -
0.4 -
0.2 -
o
1.2
Figure 12. Fishing Trap cpue by Month
Month
NGKLFPF Tech. Rep. Series ISSN: 1119- 1449
6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Month
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Note: activity is expressed as a percent of the total number of gears fishing per monthcpue is expressed as mean monthly Kg.fish caught per gear per 24 hrs.
---19951996
- 1997
1995
1996
- 1997
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kainji Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 27
Figure 11. Fishing Trap Activity Level by Month
60 -
50 -
40 -
30 -
20 -
10 -
o
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Month
Figure 12. Fishing Trap cpue by Month
1.2
0.8 -
0.6 -
0.4 -
0.2 -
o
\
NGKLFPP Tech. Rep. Series ISSN: 1119- 1449
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
Note: activity is expressed as a percent of the total number of gears fishing- per monthcpue is expressed as mean monthly Kg fish caught per gear per 24 hrs.
----1995- 1996
- 1997
1995
1996
- 1997
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kainji Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 27
NGKLEPP_Tecll. Rep. Series ISSN: 1119- 1449
NIGERIAN-GERMAN KAINJI LAKE FISHER1JS PROMOTION PROJECT TECHNICALREPORT SERIES
lbeun, M. O and M. Mdaihli (1994)Media of communication among fishermen around Kainji Lake basin.Nigerian-German Kainji Lake Fisheries Promotion Project Technical Report Series 1.ISBN 978-037-000-5
Drescht, S.; S.O. Alainti, and F. Adu (1995)Nutritional habits and food consumption patterns of fishing communities around LakeKainji, Nigeria. Nigerian-German Kainji Lake Fisheries Promotion Project TechnicalReport Series 2. ISBN 978-037-001-3
Adu, F.A. (1996)The nutritional status of pre-school children, Kainji Lake communities, Nigeria: a baselinesurvey. Nigerian-German Kainji Lake Fisheries Promotion Project Technical Rtport Series3.. ISBN 978-037-002-1
Ayeni I.S.O. and Mdailili (1996)Identification of non fishing income opportunities around Kainji Lake. Nigerian-GermanKaitiji Lake Fisheries Promotion Project Technical Report Series 4ISBN 978-037-003-X
Eyo, A.A. (1997)Post harvest losses in the fisheries of Kainji Lake. Nigerian-German Kainji Lake FisheriesPromotion Project Technical Report Series 5. ISBN 978-037-004-8
du Feu, TA; O.S. Mayo:mi. and M.D.B. Seisay (1997)Fishing gear survey, Kainji Lake, northern Nigeria, 1996. Nigerian-German Kainji LakeFisheries Promotion Project Technical Report Series 6. ISBN 978-037-005-6
du Feu, TA. and O.S. Abayomi (1997)Frame survey of Kainji Lake, Northern Nigeria, 1996. Nigerian-German Kainji LakeFisheries Promotion Project Technical Report Series 7. ISBN 978-037-006-4
Ayeni, I.S.0 and Mdaihli, M. (1997)Alternative income in Kainji Lake area: introduction of improved cocks tolisherfolk. Nigerian-German Kainji Lake Fisheries Promotion Project Technical ReportSeries 8. ISBN 978-037-007-2
Nigerian-German Kainji. Lake Fisheries Promotion ProjectFisheries Statistical Bulletin Kainji Lake, 1997 Nigerian-German Kainji Lake FisheriesPromotion Project Technical Report Series 9 ISBN 978-037-008-0
9alistical Bulletin, Kainji Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 28
NG1(1_,F1-1)_Tech. Rep. Series ISSN: 1119- 1449
NIGERIAN-GERMAN KAINJI LAKE FISHER1JiS PROMOTION PROJECT TECHNICALREPORT SERIES
lbeun, M. O and M. Mdaihli (1994)Media of communication among fishermen around Kainji Lake basin.Nigerian-German Kainji Lake Fisheries Promotion Project Technical Report Series 1.ISBN 978-037-000-5
Dreschl, S.; S.O. Alainu, and F. Adu (1995)Nutritional habits and food consumption patterns of fishing communities around LakeKainji, Nigeria. Nigerian-German Kainji Lake Fisheries Promotion Project TechnicalReport Series 2. ISBN 978-037-001-3
Adu, F.A. (1996)The nutritional status of pre-school children, Kainji Lake communities, Nigeria: a baselinesurvev. Nigerian-German Kainji Lake Fisheries Promotion Project Technical Rtport Series3.. ISBN 978-037-002-1
Ayeni I.S.O. and Mdailili (1996)Identification of non fishing income opportunities around Kainji Lake. Nigerian-GerrnanKaitiji Lake Fisheries Promotion Project Technical Report Series 4ISBN 978-037-003-X
Eyo, A.A. (1997)Post harvest losses in the fisheries of Kainji Lake. Nigerian-German Kainji Lake FisheriesPromotion Project Technical Report Series 5. ISBN 978-037-004-8
du Feu, TA; O.S. Abayomi and M.D.B. Seisay (1997)Fishing gear survey, Kainji Lake, northern Nigeria, I 996. Nigerian-German Kainji LakeFisheries Promotion Project Technical Report Series 6. ISBN 978-037-005-6
du Feu, T.A. and O.S. Abayomi (1997)Frame survey of Kainji Lake, Northern Nigeria, 1996. Nigerian-German Kainji LakeFisheries Promotion Project Technical Report Series 7. ISBN 978-037-006-4
Ayeni, I.S.0 and Mdaihli, M. (1997)Alternative income in Kainji Lake area: introduction of improved cocks tofisherfolk. Nigerian-German Kainji Lake Fisheries Promotion Project Technical ReportSeries 8. ISBN 978-037-007-2
Nigerian-German Kainji Lake Fisheries Promotion ProjectFisheries Statistical Bulletin Kainji Lake, 1997 Nigerian-German Kainji Lake FisheriesPromotion Project Technical Report Series 9 ISBN 978-037-008-0
Kainji Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 28
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kainji Lake, Nigeria, 1997.Pub. By Nigerian- German (GTZ) Kainji Lake Fisheries Promotion Project.Prepared by Mr. T.A. du Feu and M.B.D. Seisay of the NGKLFPP.
NGKLFPP Tech. Rep. Series ISSN: 1119- 1449
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kainji Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 29
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kainji Lake, Nigeria, 1997.Pub. By Nigerian- German (GTZ) Kainji Lake Fisheries Promotion Project.Prepared by Mr. T.A. du Feu and M.B.D. Seisay of the NGKLFPP.
NGKLFPP Tech. Rep. Series ISSN: 1119- 1449
Fisheries Statistical Bulletin, Kainji Lake, Nigeria. 1997 Page 29