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4.1 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Goals Introduce storage types Create a primary partition Create an extended partition and a logical drive Upgrade a disk from basic to dynamic Create a simple volume Introduce spanned, striped and mirrored volumes Understand and implement a RAID-5 volume Defragment volumes and partitions Recover from disk failures
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4.2 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Storage types used by Windows Server 2003 Basic storage (divides a hard disk into partitions)Dynamic storage (divides a hard disk into volumes)
Basic disk supports the following types of partitionsPrimary partition – a physical unit of storage created on a
basic diskExtended partitions – created from free space that has not
yet been partitioned
(Skill 1)
Introducing Storage Types
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4.3 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Dynamic disks support the following types of volumes Simple volume – consists of disk space from a single hard disk,
an entire disk, or multiple regions on the same disk that are linked together
Spanned volume – consists of disk space from multiple disks. Striped volume (RAID-0) – combines areas of free disk space
from two or more hard disks Mirrored volume (RAID-1) – is created using the free disk space
on two physical hard disks RAID-5 volume – is a fault-tolerant, striped, dynamic volume that
combines free disk space from 3 to 32 physical hard disks
Introducing Storage Types (2)
(Skill 1)
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4.4 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-1 Types of partitions on a basic disk
(Skill 1)
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4.5 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-2 How data is written to dynamic volumes
(Skill 1)
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4.6 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-3 Limitations of dynamic disks
(Skill 1)
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4.7 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Creating a Primary Partition
One primary partition on a basic disk stores the files required for the computer to boot
System files can be on an extended partition, but the boot files must reside on a primary partition or a volume
Use the Disk Management snap-in, or disport.exe, to create additional primary partitions using unallocated space on the hard disk
The Disk Management snap-in is included in the pre-configured Computer Management console.
(Skill 2)
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4.8 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-4 Available disk configuration
(Skill 2)
Provides information about each physical disk and the partitions or volumes on each disk
Provides information about the type of disk, the file system used to format the disk, the disk capacity, and the status of the disk
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4.9 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-5 Assigning the drive letter
(Skill 2)
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4.10 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-6 Formatting the partition and labeling the volume
(Skill 2)
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4.11 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-7 Properties dialog box for the primary partition
(Skill 2)
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4.12 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-8 Changing the drive letter of a primary partition
(Skill 2)
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4.13 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-9 The Change Drive Letter or Path dialog box
(Skill 2)
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4.14 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Creating an Extended Partition and a Logical Drive
Basic disks can have a maximum of four partitions per drive using the default master boot record (MBR) partitioning style
Extended partitions Do not store data like primary or logical partitionsAct as containers for logical partitions, where the data
is actually stored
(Skill 3)
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4.15 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-10 Starting the New Partition Wizard
(Skill 3)
Right-click onthe Unallocateddisk area
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4.16 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-11 Creating an extended partition
(Skill 3)
Newly created extended partition on Disk 0
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4.17 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-12 Setting the size for the extended partition
(Skill 3)
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4.18 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-13 A logical drive on an extended partition
(Skill 3)
A logical drive has been created on Disk 1
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4.19 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Upgrading a Disk from Basic to Dynamic
By default, the hard disk on a Windows Server 2003 computer is initialized with basic storage
When you upgrade a basic disk, the existing partitions are converted into simple volumes
Use the Disk Management snap-in to upgrade a basic disk to a dynamic disk
(Skill 4)
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4.20 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-14 The Convert to Dynamic Disk dialog box
Figure 4-15 The Disks to Convert dialog box
(Skill 4)
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4.21 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-16 The Disk Management message box
Figure 4-17 The Convert Disk to Dynamic warning message
Figure 4-18 The Confirm message box
(Skill 4)
You will have to reboot if you are converting a disk that includes the boot volume, system volume or a volume that includes the paging file
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4.22 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Creating a Simple Volume
Upgrading a basic disk to a dynamic diskAny existing partitions are converted to volumesAny free space that is left on the drive can be used to
create additional volumes Simple volume
Can be part of a disk or an entire disk Can be created only on a single dynamic disk
(Skill 5)
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4.23 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-19 Creating a simple volume
(Skill 5)
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4.24 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-20 Setting the size for the simple volume
(Skill 5)
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4.25 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-21 Newly created simple volume
(Skill 5)
Note that if you created the primary partition and the logical drive on the extended partition on the same disk, they were converted to simple volumes when the disk was upgraded to dynamic
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4.26 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Introducing Spanned, Striped and Mirrored Volumes
Spanned volumes Creating a spanned volume
Combines the unallocated space on multiple disks into one logical volume
A spanned volume can organize disk space on up to a maximum of 32 disks
Spanned disks allow you to combine the space used by multiple, smaller volumes, on multiple disks, into one spanned volume represented by a single drive letter
(Skill 6)
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4.27 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-22 Creating a spanned volume
(Skill 6)
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4.28 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-23 Selecting the disks to create a spanned volume
(Skill 6)
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4.29 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-24 Details of the spanned volume
(Skill 6)
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4.30 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-25 Newly created spanned volume
(Skill 6)
Spanned volume createdusing 300 MB of diskspace from two harddisks on your machine
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4.31 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Striped volumes As with spanned volumes, you can combine disk
space from a maximum of 32 disks to create a striped volume
On a striped volume, data is divided in blocks of 64 KB across each segment of the volume
Data is simultaneously written across all of the disks so that it is added to the disks at the same rate
Introducing Spanned, Striped and Mirrored Volumes (2)
(Skill 6)
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4.32 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-26 Assigning a drive letter to the striped volume
(Skill 6)
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4.33 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-27 Newly created striped volume
(Skill 6)
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4.34 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Mirrored volumes A mirrored volume provides fault tolerance because
you create two drives that are duplicates of each other
Mirrored volumes are inefficient in some respects because fifty percent of the available disk space is consumed by fault tolerance
Introducing Spanned, Striped and Mirrored Volumes (3)
(Skill 6)
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4.35 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-28 Selecting the disks for a mirrored volume
(Skill 6)
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4.36 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-29 Selecting the file system, name, and format the volume
(Skill 6)
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4.37 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-30 Newly created mirrored volume
(Skill 6)
Mirrored volume created by combining free space from two hard disks
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4.38 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Understanding and Implementing a RAID-5 Volume
Consists of disk space on at least three physical hard disks
Provides fault tolerance by writing one block of parity information for each stripe of data
If a disk fails, the system uses the parity information and the data from the remaining disks and performs a logical XOR (Exclusive OR) operation to determine what the missing section of data should be
(Skill 7)
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4.39 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-31 Setting the size for a RAID-5 volume
(Skill 7)
300 MB of space will be used from each disk for a total of 600 MB of usable storage space 1/3 (300 MB) will be lost to parity data
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4.40 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-32 Details of the RAID-5 volume
(Skill 7)
Summary of thesettings for theRAID-5 volume
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4.41 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-33 Newly created RAID-5 volume
(Skill 7)
A RAID-5 volume created using disk space from three hard disks
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4.42 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Defragmenting Volumes and Partitions The Disk Defragmenter rearranges files and unused
space, moving the segments of each file and folder to one location so that they occupy a single, contiguous space on the hard disk
Enhancements In Windows XP and Windows Server 2003, file system
defragmenter support is no longer dependent on compressed file routines and the Cache Manager
Limitations on defragmenting volumes with cluster sizes larger than 4 KB and on moving single NTFS file clusters have been remedied
(Skill 8)
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4.43 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Defragmenting Volumes and Partitions (2)Disk Defragmenter window Partitions to analyze and defragment
Lists the volumes you can view and defragmentProvides details such as the type of File System,
amount of Free Space, and Capacity of the drive Analysis display
Provides a graphical display of the fragmentation on the drive
Defragmentation displayProvides a constantly-updating representation of the
volume during defragmentation
(Skill 8)
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4.44 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-34 The Disk Defragmenter utility in the Computer Management console
(Skill 8)
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4.45 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-35 The Defragment Now button on the Tools tab
(Skill 8)
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4.46 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-36 Analyzing a disk
(Skill 8)
Click to view the analysis report for the selected disk volume
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4.47 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-37 Viewing the status of a disk after defragmentation
(Skill 8)
Select to analyze a disk for fragmentation
Select to defragment the disk
Select to open a report detailing the number of fragmented files in each identified file, the file size, and file name
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4.48 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-38 The Analysis Report
(Skill 8)
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4.49 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Recovering from Disk Failures
In the event of disk or volume failures, it is important to repair the disk or volume as quickly as possible to minimize the damage
Disk Management snap-inUsed to monitor the status of a disk or volume to
determine if it is functioning normally Used to review information about the disk including its
status
(Skill 9)
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4.50 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Corrective actions Offline or Missing Status
Make sure the disk is plugged in and attached to the computer
If Windows 2003 cannot locate the disk, use the Reactivate Disk command to bring the disk online
Online Disks (w/Errors) StatusA disk with the Online Disks (w/Errors) status is
accessible, but may contain I/O errors In such a situation, you can try to reactivate the disk to
bring it back online
Recovering from Disk Failures (2)
(Skill 9)
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4.51 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-39 Failed Redundancy
(Skill 9)
One disk in a 3-disk RAID array has failed because the disk is Offline, so redundancy has failed
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4.52 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-40 Failed disks and Reactivating a Missing disk
(Skill 9)
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4.53 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam 70-290 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment
Lesson 4: Organizing a Disk for Data Storage
Figure 4-41 Reactivating a Volume
(Skill 9)