Luca Marchiol Nanofertilizers for sustainable crop management Nanomaterials for products and application in agriculture 4° Workshop “AgriNanoTechniques”
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Luca Marchiol
Nanofertilizers for sustainable crop management
Nanomaterials for products and
application in agriculture
4° Workshop “AgriNanoTechniques”
Agriculture environmental pressure (percentage of impact)
modified from: Springmann et al. 2018. Nature 562, 519–525
Staple crops
Legumes
Nuts and seeds
Fruits and Vegetables
Vegetable oil
Sugar
Other crops
Animal products
0 50 100 150 200
2010
2050GHG emissions
Bluewater use
N fertilizers
2010
2050
2010
2050
2010
2050
P fertilizers
Energy
Energy
P rocks
CH4
CO2
CH4
CO2 N2
Emissions to land
N2O, NH3
modified from Urso and Gilberston. 2018. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 6, 4, 4453–4463
Agriculture product
Urea
MAP
Haber-Bosch
CO2 CO2
Conventional N-, P- Fertilizers
Eutrophication
Nutrient loss
Corn kernel
N content = 46%
P content = 52%
Nutrient Use Efficiency
N content = 46%
P content = 52%AESynthesis= 35%
AESynthesis= 35%
Atom Economy
Atom Conversion Efficiency
Urea = 0.35 x 0.50 x 0.46 = 0.08 → 8%
MAP = 0.35 x 0.25 x 0.52 = 0.05 → 5%
NANOTECHNOLOGY
modified from: Lowry et al., 2019. Nature Nanotechnol 14, 6, 541–553
Nano-enabled AgricultureConventional Agriculture
1920 2000 2080
Environmentalimpact
Yield
N2 fixation
Mechanization
Irrigation
Agrochemicals
New varietiesEnhance √
Sense
Deliver √
Efficient
Sustainable
Nutrient loading capacity
Nutrient release rate
Nutrient use efficiency
Crop quality and productivity
Economic feasibility
Environmental compatibility
Nanofertilizers_Expectations
→
→
→
→
→
→
Nanofertilizers_Soil application
Usman et al. 2020. Sci Tot Environ 721, 137778
ENMs
Size
Shape
Composition
Aggregation
Corona
Charge
Engineered Nanomaterials (ENMs) properties
Degradation
DissolutionChemical
transformations
Surface runoff
Plant uptake
Attachement
Aggregation
Straining
Movement to subsurface or groundwater
Mn+
Nanofertilizers_Foliar application
Upper epidermis
Palisade mesophyll
Lower epidermis
Cuticle
Air space
Phloem
Bundle sheathXylem
Vascularbundle
Leaf hair
Chloroplasts
Stomata
Guard cells
Cuticle
Spongy mesophyll
Composition
Structure
Macronutrient
nanofertilizer
Micronutrient
nanofertilizer
Nanomaterial
enhanced fertilizer
Plant growth
stimulator
MetallicCu, Fe, Mn
Mo, Zn
Ceramic Ca, Mg, Ca-PNutrient loaded zeolites
Mesoporous nSiO2
nCeO2, nTiO2
Polymeric N, K Nano-chitosan fertilizer
SWCNTs, MWCNTs,
Graphene, Fullerenes,
C containing NPK
modified from: Marchiol et al. 2020. Advances in Agronomy 161, 27-116
NH2NH
O
C
O
C
Types of Nanofertilizers
Kottegoda et al. 2017. ACS Nano, 11, 1214−1221.
Urea-Hydroxyapatite Nanohybrids for Slow Release of Nitrogen
Field trial - Oryza sativa
No
Fertilization
U
(100 kg N ha-1)
Yie
ld (t
ha
-1)
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
N release behavior in water
Time (seconds)
Cum
ula
tive
N (
g)
10000 30002000 40000
0.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
Urea-HA nanohybrid
Urea
U-HA
(50 kg N ha-1)
Macronutrient Nanofertilizer
2HN
O
CNH2
Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
Micronutrient Nanofertilizer
Raliya et al. 2015. Metallomics 7, 1584-1594
Effects of nZnO
on tomato growth
Soilapplication
Foliarapplication
Ph
loe
m
Xyle
m
nZnO (mg kg-1)
0 100 50010 250 750 1000
0
10
20
30
40
50
Flo
wers
(n
pla
nt-
1)
Control
Foliar
Soil
nZnO (mg kg-1)
0 100 50010 250 750 1000
0
3
4
6
7
Bio
mass (g
pla
nt-
1)
Control
Foliar
Soil
1
2
5
150
100
50
0
200
0 100 500 1000
nZnO (mg kg-1)
Lyc
opene
(g p
lant-
1)
Control
Foliar
Soil200
150
100
50
0
250
0 100 500 1000
nZnO (mg kg-1)
Fru
it y
ield
(g p
lant-
1)
Control
Foliar
Soil
Sun et al. 2018. Chemosphere 152, 81-91
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles - MSNs
enhance seedling growth and photosynthesis
in wheat and lupin
Nanomaterial enhanced fertilizers
● MSNs uptake/accumulation in different plant fractions
● MSNs stimulated photosynthesis and plant growth
50 nm 10 nm
plant uptake
0 200 500 1000 2000 0 200 500 1000 2000
(mg L-1)
Kabiri et al. 2017. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 49, 43325-43335
Zn or Cu
Release in soil
Cu-GO or Zn-GODry
ma
ss (
g p
ot-
1)
4
Ctrl Zn-GO ZnSO4 Ctrl Cu-GO CuSO4
Zn
up
take
(µ
g p
ot-
1)
Dry
ma
ss (
g p
ot-
1)
Cu
up
take
(µ
g p
ot-
1)
3
2
1
0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Pot trial - Triticum durum
c
a
b
ns
c
a
b
ns
Graphene Oxide (GO)
new carrier for slow release of
plant micronutrients
Plant Growth Stimulator
Social acceptance?
Environmental
footprint?
Economic viability?
Scalability?
Kah et al. 2018. Nat Nanotechnol. 13, 8, 677–684
Nanofertilizers_Research needs Other key drivers
● Nanofertilizers have a very interesting potentially but very limited published performance
data at the field scale, so far. More field studies needed.
● Most of current studies report on the properties of laboratory nanoformulations and not
necessarily commercial products;
● Needed implementation of Safe-by-Design for nanomaterial development and safe
innovation. Environmental implications!
● EFSA Journal 2018, 16, 5327: Guidance on risk assessment of the application of
nanoscience and nanotechnologies in the food and feed chain: Part 1, human and animal
health. Expected part 2, Agriculture?
Take-home messages
1. Ramírez-Rodríguez et al. 2020. Reducing nitrogen dosage in Triticum durum plants with
Urea-doped nanofertilizers. Nanomaterials 10, 1043. doi.org/10.3390/nano10061043
2. Gilbertson et al. 2020. Guiding the design space for nanotechnology to advance
sustainable crop production. Nat. Nanotechnol. doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-0706-5
3. Gomez et al. 2021. Effects of nano-enabled agricultural strategies on food quality:
Current knowledge and future research needs. J. Hazardous Materials. 401,123385.
doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123385
Readings
Nanomaterials for products and
application in agriculture
4° Workshop AgriNanoTechniques
Nanofertilizers for sustainable crop management
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