4ø /U5 n ê þ 5 M ù ó é &µ ú€¦ · 5ü*º û/nb2 "b- 4 bubeb"blb aî$ ³" Ç5Àb bbdb)7 b aî5ü*º û/nb1 s à ¸b¶ Ï t. ÿb2b b1 m &v 2b1 0 b+ 4 b10· ëbu"á 0b b"bdb.

HPCI

21 30

20 302km

100

100

d

6 1 20 EJ+WJEP+WP

6 21 7 10

7 11 31

•

•

•

,,

,

,

, 10,

Miyajima, J. and F. Fujibe, 2011: Climatology of extremeprecipitation in Japan for different time scales. SOLA, 7,157-160.

, 1977:. , 24, 63-70.

16 (1994 42009 12 ) 10 (00 10 ),

1 ( 00 60), (00 24

),

1 , 3 , 5 , 10 ,50 , 100

1. 10 1 ,(-3.25%/ ) ,

, , ( ,)

2. ,, 10

1 2011 3

),

,

1. 1•

1

• 1 , 1,

,

2. 1

3.

10 , 1 , , 95% .

10 11 -3.25 -5.34 -6.323 -4.03 -5.82 -6.245 -4.42 -5.99 -6.39

10 -4.89 -6.33 -6.5650 -6.27 -6.87 -6.17100 -6.81 -6.97 -5.87

• 10 , 1,

• ,

,

(%/ )

(1088 )

,

(1977) ,,

,(16 ) ,

10 1 1 1 1

10 1 1 1 1•

, ()

• 10 1

, 1

�

�

H18 H222008 Salt Micro-Powder

Hybrid

Salt Micro-Powder

Radius of CCN (�m)

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10

Cum

ulat

ive

Num

ber (

cm-3

) 100

1

10

0.1

0.01

0.001

1000BG-CCN

Polluted Maritime

Radius [um]

0.1 1 10

dn/d

logd

[#/c

m3 ]

0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000FlareMPMono

Accu

mulat

ed Su

rface

Rain

fall

Aver

aged

over

the D

omain

(mm)

(a)MP (b)CCN Flare

CCN( ) ()

Flare

2006-2007

[ ] [ ]

� 1 Ttop < -25 C

� 2 -25 C < Ttop < -5 C

� 3 -5 C < Ttop < 15 C

� 4 Ttop > 15C� 5: Hbase or 2km

?�

JICA

40 90

10 40

[email protected] FAX 029-853-8545

305-0052

H

1) Yoshida, Y., H. Ueno, D. Muto, and S. Aoki, Earth Planets Space, 63, 565–569, 2011.2) Hayashi, Y., H. Tsushima, K. Hirata, K. Kimura, and K. Maeda, Earth Planets Space, 63, 809–813,

2011.3) 2011 MIS036-P38 2011.4) 20115) 2011 P2‒22 2011.6) 126, 9-14, 2005.7) 2011 P2‒42 2011.8) 2011 P2‒67 2011.9) 2011 P2‒69 2011.10)Tsuboi, S., K. Abe, K. Takano, and Y. Yamanaka, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 85, 606-613, 1995.

•• MW

•

•

•

( ) K-NET KiK-netF-net 87

Global CMT Project

23 2011

MW MWP)

4. 4)

1.1)

2)

2. 10 1)

3)

3. 4-8Hz RMS ) 21 1, 2

3 2 S

(

(a) (c)2003(MW8.0)

(b)2011(MW9.0)

5. (a)(b) 1) 5). (c)2003

6)

:5m :1m

6. MW(GCMT) 7)

(MW9.0) (MW8.0)

7.

,

HP 6 HP 6

200-1000 200-1000

8.

8)

(

M9

9. MWP9) P 2 S

M .MWP10) M

PS

23 2011

21

Hayashi et al. (2011), Earth Planets Space, 63, 809-813.(2007)

2011.Tsushima et al. (2011), Earth Planets Space, 63, 821-826.

20 (a)(b)GPS

( ) ( )(c)(d) (c)( ) ( ) (a),

(b), (d)

( )NOAA

RFERHRI

500 km 200 km

10 m

Hayashi et al. (2011)

Tsushima et al. (2011)

2011

2011