4 th International Evidence Based Policing Confere nce A systematic study of Police Patrol using new technology Neil Wain.

4th International Evidence Based Policing Conference

A systematic study of Police Patrol using new technology

Neil Wain

Where are the police?

• Tackling Patrol Effectively (1996)

• Diary of a Police Officer (2001) only 17% officer time on “reassurance patrol”.

• In 2010 HMIC asked this question • In its report ‘Demanding Times’ (2011)

only 12% “visible” and “available”• Not just a question of where are they or

when are they on? But what are they doing?

Police patrol the evidence

• Visible Policing is linked to public confidence.

• Deterrence theory of patrol now proved– ‘clear, if modest, general deterrent effects of substantial increases in

police presence in crime hot spots … [it is time for] criminologists to stop saying “there is no evidence” that police patrol can affect crime’

(Sherman and Weisburd, 1995)

• Philadelphia Foot Patrol experiment 2009

• Bratton – “cops on the dots”

Police patrol the evidence

• Albert J Reiss Jr• Systematic Social

Observation (SSO)• Police field research in

1960/70’s

How Systematic Social Observation is done.

“. . .it includes selection of problems for investigation, preliminary investigation by direct observation (optional), definition of the universe to be observed, sampling for observation, development of instruments to collect and record observations systematically, provision for measuring error, pre-testing instruments, organization for direct field observations, processing observations,and quantitative analysis”*

*Reiss, “Systematic Observation of Natural Social Phenomena,”

How Systematic Social Observation is done.

• “Where” – Geographically defined study areas.

• The “When” – specific tours of duty

• The “What” – police and citizen behaviours

• The “Who” – officers in the beats at selected times.

A systematic study of Police Patrol using new technology - method

• Study in GMP

• Utilise ARLS, xReplay and FOXi

A systematic study of Police Patrol using new technology - method

• “Where” – Set of Police beats/Priority neighbourhoods– Volume of crime

– Calls for service

– Sociodemographic data

• “When” –Specific tours of duty• “What” specific tasked or directed patrol• “Who” Police officers and PCSO’s on patrol.

A systematic study of Police Patrol using new technology – outcomes?

• Analysis of patrols tasked to patrol crime hotspots and priority neighbourhoods.

• Revealing:– Where police patrol?– Length of time?– Any relationship with crimes/incidents?– Any crime reduction?– Cost effectiveness?

• Limitations?





86 Rugby RoadLooking For "Jack Jones" Before Walking Off Towards Yorkshire Street. She Described The Male As 19-20 Years Old, About 5'4" Height, With A Slim Wiry Build. Not Further Described. This Male May Or May Not Be Connected To The Incident But Is Included For Information Purposes. XX Stanley St (27th) - P1A4

White Male, Slim Build, Late Teens, Approx 5'6" Tall, Dark Black Hair, Possibly Wearing A Black Ed Hardy T-Shirt And Dark Coloured Jeans. Nfd Sus. No forensics

Tonight’s focus•OLDHAM ROAD ROCHDALE

(MARKED TO WORK THIS ROAD THROUGHOUT TOUR-BELIVED STOLEN AUDI AND OTHER CARS TRAVELLING THIS ROUTE)

•TOWN HEAD, ROCHDALE, P1A beat (Burglary hotspot)

Descriptions from 2 breaks on this area:

3) KIRKHOLT AND KINGSWAY, ROCDALE, P2H & F beat

(Burglary hotspot)



Start Date/time:01/06/2011 19:00:00

End Date/time:02/06/2011 02:00:00

Type In Out Duration

Response 01/06/2011 21:42 01/06/2011 21:43 00:01:04

Response 01/06/2011 21:43 01/06/2011 21:44 00:00:57

Sergeant (NPT) 01/06/2011 21:32 01/06/2011 21:36 00:04:01

Sergeant (NPT) 01/06/2011 21:38 01/06/2011 21:40 00:01:55

Traffic 02/06/2011 00:36 02/06/2011 00:37 00:01:01

Inspector 01/06/2011 21:38 01/06/2011 21:40 00:02:02 Total Time 0:11:00



T.N.S. 01/06/2011 19:57 01/06/2011 19:58 00:00:58 T.N.S. 01/06/2011 20:07 01/06/2011 20:08 00:00:57 T.N.S. 01/06/2011 20:12 01/06/2011 20:13 00:00:58 Response 01/06/2011 21:21 01/06/2011 21:22 00:00:54 Response 02/06/2011 01:38 02/06/2011 01:39 00:00:54 Response 02/06/2011 01:41 02/06/2011 01:42 00:01:02 Sergeant 01/06/2011 20:52 01/06/2011 21:04 00:11:54 Sergeant 01/06/2011 21:05 01/06/2011 21:08 00:03:00 Sergeant 01/06/2011 21:41 01/06/2011 21:42 00:01:01 PCSO 01/06/2011 19:43 01/06/2011 20:04 00:20:58 PCSO 01/06/2011 19:42 01/06/2011 20:04 00:21:02 PCSO 01/06/2011 19:41 01/06/2011 20:04 00:23:09 Sergeant 02/06/2011 01:50 02/06/2011 01:56 00:05:59 T.N.S. 02/06/2011 00:50 02/06/2011 01:30 00:39:59 T.N.S. 01/06/2011 20:03 01/06/2011 20:04 00:01:15 T.N.S. 01/06/2011 20:52 01/06/2011 21:07 00:15:00 T.N.S. 01/06/2011 21:41 01/06/2011 21:42 00:00:59 T.F.U. 01/06/2011 20:09 01/06/2011 20:10 00:00:57 T.F.U. 01/06/2011 20:12 01/06/2011 20:12 00:00:21 T.F.U. 01/06/2011 20:15 01/06/2011 20:16 00:00:57 T.N.S. 02/06/2011 00:51 02/06/2011 01:31 00:40:01 T.N.S. 02/06/2011 00:09 02/06/2011 00:18 00:08:58 T.N.S. 02/06/2011 00:19 02/06/2011 00:21 00:02:00 Pool 02/06/2011 00:51 02/06/2011 02:00 01:08:54 Pool 02/06/2011 00:54 02/06/2011 01:27 00:33:06 Pool 02/06/2011 01:28 02/06/2011 01:31 00:02:48 Pool 01/06/2011 21:20 01/06/2011 21:21 00:00:50

Total Time 5:08:51


PCSO 01/06/2011 19:43

01/06/2011 20:04

00:20:58

PCSO 01/06/2011 19:42

01/06/2011 20:04

00:21:02

PCSO 01/06/2011 19:41

01/06/2011 20:04

00:23:09

But we can map the actual patrol undertaken.


These are the results of the operation from the areas examined


• “I’m asking that more researchers begin to work with us and among us in the real-world laboratories of our departments and cities to help us prove or disprove the beliefs and practices that I, as a practitioner, and most of my colleagues deeply believe, espouse, and practice.”

Bill Bratton former Commissioner NYPD/LAPD

4 th International Evidence Based Policing Confere nce A systematic study of Police Patrol using new technology Neil Wain.

Documents

new technology slide

police officer

reassurance patrol

actual patrol

police presence

s slide

foxi slide

new technology neil