4 Russian Inter-Revolution 1907-1914 • A. Themes • B. Third-of-June Regime, 1907-11 • C. Crisis from Below 1. Minorities 2. Peasants 3. Workers D. Crisis at the Top E. Crisis from Without F. Conclusion
Dec 24, 2015
4Russian Inter-Revolution
1907-1914• A. Themes• B. Third-of-June Regime, 1907-11• C. Crisis from Below
1. Minorities2. Peasants3. Workers
D. Crisis at the TopE. Crisis from WithoutF. Conclusion
A. Themes
1. Breakdown of dysfunctional political system
2. Minority issue
3. Failure of Stolypin agrarian reform
4. Re-emergence of worker radicalism
5. Crisis in elites, defection of intelligentsia
6. Counterproductive foreign policy
B. Third-of-June Regime, 1907-11
1. Four power blocs2. Successful partnership, 1907-93. Growing tensions4. Naval reform bill5. Old Believer bill6. Finnish bill7. Western zemstvo bill8. Why Stolypin failed
Crisis from Below2. Peasants
a) Stolypin reform: conception
b) Peasant response
c) Implementation
d) Agrarian crisis: intensification
Peasant Duma Deputy, G.F. Fedorov (1908 speech)
When the peasants sent me here, they said: “Go, ask, demand that they divide up the land for us.” We did not come here to carve up our tiny plots into even smaller pieces. The government should not think that from this law the country will become content and tranquil. If I should get the two acres of land [that I now hold], all the same I shall scream: “Give me land!” I have nothing to eat. I can’t exist!! As to the comment by Duma deputy Shidlovskii [a noble landowner] that our [national] culture will go under, then just let him show me what “culture” will allow me to survive on two acres of land!
Peasant Disorders, 1908-1913
Year Number of Mass Disorders Repressed
1908 264
1909 328
1910 198
1911 243
1912 291
1913 173
Crisis from Below3. Workers
a) Strike movement
b) Lena Goldfields
c) Labor press
d) Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
Strike Movement, 1908-14
Year Total Strikes
Percent Political
Strikers
1908 900 5 176,000
1909 300 0 64,000
1910 200 0 46,000
1911 500 0 105,000
1912 2,000 64 725,000
1913 2,400 43 887,000
1914 3,500 68 1,337,000
D. Crisis at the Top, 1911-14
1. Intelligentsia: Vekhi Syndrome
2. Government: After Stolypin
3. Duma: United Opposition