4 periodic table

Periodic TableObjectives 5.4 Locate metals, nonmetals and metalloids in

the periodic table.

5.5 Locate the family of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens and inert gases in the periodic table.

5.6 Describe the progression of certain properties of elements in a given period on the basis of their atomic number.

5.8 Justify the classification of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens and inert gases in the periodic table on the basis of the simplified atomic model currently in use.

Metals, Non-metals and Metalloids

Elements have characteristic properties that allow them to be classified into three groups.

1

2

3

Lustre (shiny)

Conduct heat and electricity

Ductile

Malleable (bendable)

Dense

Most are solid at room temperature

Release gas when placed in acid

Properties of METALS

Dull (not shiny)

Poor or non-conductors

Non-ductile

Non-malleable (doesn’t bend)

Low densities

Will not react with acids

Can be gases, liquids or solids

Properties of NON-METALS

Metalloids are known as the “in between” group.

They have some properties of both metals and non-metals.

There are only 10 of these.

Properties of METALLOIDS

Si (Silicon) is shiny but is not

malleable or ductile

Metals, Non-metals and Metalloids Metals are found to the left of the

step line on the periodic table. Non-metals are to the right of this

line.

o Metalloidscluster right around this line.

Hydrogen is not a metal

State whether these are metals, non-metals or metalloids. (use your periodic table as a guide)

(CLICK FOR ANSWER)

State whether each of these is a metals non-metal or metalloid

1. Shiny and ductile ______________________

2. Malleable and non conductor _____________

3. Reacts with an acid and non ductile _________

4. Non malleable and dull _________________

(CLICK FOR ANSWER)

5. Releases a gas when placed in an acid

______________________

6. Will not react with an acid _________________

7. Ductile and non conductor _________________

8. Low density _________________

9. Non malleable and ductile _________________

PERIODIC TABLEElements on the periodic table are organized according to their similar properties.

Columns (going down on the periodic table) are called groups or families

Rows (going across of the periodic table are called periods.

Groups (Families) (Columns)

• 1st column is called alkali metals (Group IA)

• 2nd column is called alkaline earth metals (Group IIA)

• 7th column is called halogens (Group VIIA)

• The last or 8th column is called the inert or noble gases (Group VIIIA)

There are 4 groups (families) that this course is concerned with.

Next slide will show you a visual!

Please mark these onto your own periodic table

IA – Alkali Metals

IIA – Alkaline Earth Metals

VIIA - Halogens

VIIIA – Inert or Noble

Gases

Properties of Alkali Metals

Properties of Alkaline Earth Metals

• Soft, light metals that melt at low temperatures

• High degree of reactivity, especially with water

• Grey solids

• Hard

• Reactive

Properties of Halogens

Properties of Inert (Noble) Gases

• Corrosive and toxic

• Very reactive and colored

• Often form compounds with other elements

• No chemical reactivity

• Colorless

• Do not form compounds with other elements

State which FAMILY the following substances belong to by reading its description:

1.Very Hard ______________________

2. Very reactive and corrosive _____________

3. Soft light metal ___________________

4. Non reactive with other elements

_________________

(CLICK FOR ANSWER)

Families and Periods

The period # and the family # gives you very important information.

- Tells you how many energy shells an element has

- Tells you the number of valence electrons an element has

3 P+

4 N0

2 e-1 e-

Li7

3

WHAT IS VALENCE ELECTRONS?Valence electrons are the number of electrons in the outer most shell of an element.

1 valence electron

Lithium Magnesium

Mg24

12

8 e-2 e-

2 e-

2 valence electrons

12 P+

12 N0

WHAT ARE ENERGY SHELLS?

Recall:

Families - # of valence

Periods - # of shells

1st family so…. 1 valence electron

3rd period so…. 3 energy shells

How many valence electrons and shells does the following element have?

7th family so…. 7 valence electron

4th period so…. 4 energy shells

4th family so…. 4 valence electron

5th period so…. 5 energy shells

How many energy shells and valence electrons do the following elements have? (Click For Answer)

Element Valence Electron

Energy Shells

Ca 2 4

N 5 2

Rb 1 5

Te 6 5

F 7 2

WHICH ELEMENT…..

Is non-reactive and has 2 valence electrons

Has 4 energy shells and is very reactive with water?

Has 3 valence electrons and 4 energy shells?

Is a colorless gas and has 4 valence electrons?

Note the difference of the properties of metals, non-metals and metalloids.

Be able to find metals, nonmetals and metalloids on your periodic table

Know the Families and names of the first two and last two rows

Group IA – Alkali Metals Group IIA – Alkaline Earth Metals Group VIIA – Halogens Group VIIIA – Inert or Noble Gases

Valence Electrons are found in the outermost shell. The maximum number is 8.

You must be able to tell how many valence electrons each Family on the Periodic Table has.

Remember:Families – tells you # of

valence electronsPeriods – tells you # of

energy shells

Activities

WORKSHEET # 10