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@udns

B fhjkustaknd sukstbgfd weafe hg kurgagc prhmufds b nbrcd bjhugt h` edbt bgm nacet as fbnndm b `udn.

Fhbn, NYC , Ydtrhn , Odrhsdgd , whhm dtf.

Fnbssa`afbtahg h` @udns

@udns brd fnbssa`adm hg ted kbsas h` peysafbn sttds ag weafe tedy hffur. Vh `udns brd fnbssa`adm bs shnam,

naquam bgm cbsdhus `udns.

Fnbssa`afbtahg h` @udns

Vhnam `udns   Naquam `udns   Cbsdhus `udns

  Vhnam `udns < Fhjkustaknd sukstbgfds weafe brd shnam bt rhhj tdjpdrbturd brd fbnndm shnam `udns. Vhnam

`udns fhgtbag jbagny fbrkhg khte bs `rdd bgm fhjkagdm fbrkhg. Ag rurbn brdbs, @ardwhhm, Bcrafunturbn

wbstds, Bgajbn-mugc fbods brd ted jblhr shurfd h` dgdrcy.

Dxbjpnds < Vhjd shnam `udns brd <

(b) Fhbn (k) Fhod(f) Shhm (m) Febrfhbn

(d) Bgajbn-mugc fbods (`) Kbcbssd, Bcrafunturbn wbstds

  Naquam `udns < Phnbtand naquams weafe prhmufd fhjkustaknd vbphur brd fbnndm naquam `udns. Odrhsdgd as

ted jhst fhjjhgny usdm naquam `udn.

Dxbjpnds < Vhjd fhjjhg naquam `udns brd <

(b) Ydtrhn (k) Madsdn (f) Odrhsdgd (m) Bnfhehn

Ydtrhn, madsdn bgm odrhsdgd brd jaxturds h` eymrhfbrkhgs.

  Cbsdhus `udns <   Fhjkustaknd cbsds hr jaxturds h` fhjkustaknd cbsds brd fbnndm cbsdhus `udns.

Dxbjpnds < Vhjd fhjjhgny usdm cbsdhus `udns brd <

=FEBY]D[ 

FHG]DG]V

  @udns     Fnbssa`afbtahg h` @udns

  Fhbn     Mdstruftavd Mastannbtahg h` Fhbn

  Ydtrhnduj     [d`agagc

FH N YD][HNDTJ

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(b) Gbturbn cbs (k) Naqud`adnm pdtrhnduj cbs (NYC)

(f) Kahcbs (hr Chkbr cbs) (m) Fhbn cbs

(d) Sbtdr cbs (`) Yrhmufdr cbs

(c) Eymrhcdg cbs (e) Fhjprdssdm Gbturbn (FGC)

Ydtrhnduj cbs as hktbagdm bs b ky-prhmuft muragc ted `rbftahgbn mastannbtahg h` pdtrhnduj.

 Febrbftdrastafs h` bg amdbn `udn

Bg amdbn `udn sehunm ebvd ted `hnnhwagc febrbftdrastafs <

  At sehunm kd `barny fedbp bgm dbsany bvbanbknd.

  At sehunm kurg bt jhmdrbtd rbtd.

  At sehunm ght prhmufd bgy phashghus bgm arratbtagc `ujds muragc kurgagc.

  At sehunm ndbvd gh rdsamud (bse) b`tdr kurgagc.

  At sehunm prhmufd nbrcd bjhugt h` edbt pdr ugat jbss a.d., at sehunm ebvd eace fbnhra`af vbnud.

  At sehunm kd sb`d bgm fhgvdgadgt `rhj ted sthrbcd bgm trbgphrtbtahg phagt h` vadws.

  Ats acgatahg tdjpdrbturd sehunm kd bkhvd rhhj tdjpdrbturd. Vh tebt at as sb`d th usd sufe b `udn.

  Tsds h` @udns

  Fhhoagc bgm Edbtagc <  ]ed jhst fhjjhg usd h` `udns as `hr fhhoagc bgm edbtagc. ]ed fhjjhgny

usdm mhjdstaf `udns brd whhm, mry fbttnd mugc, fhbn, febrfhbn, odrhsdgd (ag rurbn brdbs) bgm fhbn,

odrhsdgd, NYC (ag urkbg brdbs).

  @hr ]rbgsphrtbtahg <   @udns sufe bs pdtrhn, madsdn bgm FGC brd usdm `hr ruggagc fbrs, sfhhtdrs,

 kusds, trufos bgm trbags. ]edsd buthjhkands brd usdm `hr trbgsphrtbtahg `rhj hgd pnbfd th bghtedr.

]ed `udn usdm ag bdrhpnbgds as fbnndm  bvabtahg `udn.

  @hr Cdgdrbtagc Dndftrafaty <  @udns sufe bs fhbn bgm gbturbn cbs brd usdm `hr cdgdrbtagc dndftrafaty

hg b fhjjdrfabn sfbnd, ag ]edrjbn phwdr stbtahgs. Ydtrhn, madsdn bgm odrhsdgd brd bnsh usdm `hr 

cdgdrbtagc dndftrafaty ag sjbnndr cdgdrbthrs fhjjhgny usdm bt ehjds bgm sehps, dtf.

  Ag Agmustry <  @udns sufe bs fhbn, gbturbn cbs, madsdn bgm `urgbfd han brd usdm ag ted agmustry `hr 

cdgdrbtagc stdbj ag khandrs. Vtdbj as rdquardm ag agmustry `hr edbtagc purphsds bgm bnsh `hr cdgdrbtagc

dndftrafaty `hr tedar hwg usd ag `bfthry. Agmustry ag ted rurbn brdbs bnsh usds kahjbss sufe bs kbcbssd” 

ted fdnnunhsd jbtdrabn nd`t b`tdr dxtrbftagc luafd `rhj ted sucbrfbgd `hr ruggagc khandrs.

  @hr Nbugfeagc Vpbfd Pdeafnds <   Vpbfd vdeafnds brd nbugfedm wate ted ednp h` rhfodts. [hfodts

usd spdfabn `udns fbnndm  prhpdnnbgts.   B prhpdnnbgt as b fhjkagbtahg h` b   `udn   bgm bg hxamazdr.

Fhbn

  Agtrhmuftahg <

Fhbn as b jagdrbn h` mbro krhwg hr knbfo fhnhur `hrjdm `rhj ted rdjbags h` pnbgts kuradm ag ted dbrte‑s

frust jannahgs h` ydbrs bch.

  Fhjphsatahg <

Fhbn as b vdry ajpurd `hrj h` fbrkhg. At jbagny fhgsasts h` bthjs h` fbrkhg, eymrhcdg bgm hxycdg. B

sjbnn bjhugt h` sunpeur as bnsh prdsdgt ag at.

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  Jagagc

Fhbn as jagdm usagc twh jdtehms‖hpdgfbst jagagc bgm ugmdrcrhugm jagagc. Hpdgfbst jagagc as usdm

wedg ted mdphsats h` fhbn brd gdbr ted sur`bfd h` ted dbrte. Tgmdrcrhugm jagagc as usdm wedg fhbn

mdphsats nad mddp agsamd ted dbrte‑s frust.

  @hrjbtahg

Fhbn as `hrjdm `rhj vdcbtbknd jbttdr kurradm ugmdr ted dbrte. Bkhut 699 jannahg ydbrs bch, ted dbrte

wbs fhvdrdm wate mdgsd `hrdsts, jbrsenbgms bgm ravdrs. ]ed `hrdsts crdw bgm madm bgm `dnn agth ted

wbtdrs h` ted surrhugmagc swbjps. ]edsd pnbgts wdrd fhvdrdm wate thgs h` dbrte hvdr b pdrahm h` 

jannahgs h` ydbrs. Mud th ted eucd prdssurd bgm tdjpdrbturd agsamd ted dbrte, teas vdcdtbknd jbttdr cht

fhgvdrtdm agth fhbn. @hr teas rdbshg, fhbn as oghwg bs `hssan `udn. At as bnsh b ghg-rdgdwbknd shurfd h` 

dgdrcy.

  ]ypds h` Fhbn

Fhbn fhjds ag `hur jbag vbradtads. ]ed pdrfdgtbcd h` fbrkhg ag bar-mradm sbjpnds brd bs `hnnhws.

  Ydbt <   ]eas as b jbtdrabn ag ted `arst stbcd h` fhbn `hrjbtahg. At fhgtbags hgny ;3% fbrkhg bgm as

fhgsamdrdm th kd ted nhwdst crbmd h` fhbn.

  Nacgatd <   ]eas vbradty h` fhbn fhgtbags ;5-69% fbrkhg. At ebs phhr edbtagc phwdr. At as krhwg ag

fhnhur kut nustrhus wedg mry.

 Katujaghus <   At as b sh`t fhbn fhgtbagagc 35-50% fbrkhg. At cavds b nbrcd prhphrtahg h` cbs wedg

edbtdm bgm kurgs wate b ydnnhw, nujaghus `nbjd.

  Bgterbfatd <   At as b ebrm fhbn bgm fhgtbags 1=-15% fbrkhg. At as nustrhus. At kurgs watehut sjhod bgm

cavds jufe edbt bgm nattnd bse.

Katujaghus fhbn as ky `br ted jhst usd`un bs b `udn, kut bgterbfatd as fhgsamdrdm th kd ted jhst supdrahr 

ag qubnaty.

  Tsds <

 Fhbn as usdm bs b `udn th fhgvdrt wbtdr agth stdbj th rug tedrjbn phwdr pnbgts `hr ted cdgdrbtahg h` 

dndftrafaty. At as bnsh usdm bs b `udn ag ehjds bgm `bfthrads, bgm th rug stdbj dgcagds.

 Fhbn as usdm ag ted prdpbrbtahg h` `udn cbsds, sufe bs fhbn cbs.

 Fhbn as usdm ag ted prdpbrbtahg h` sygtedtaf han bgm sygtedtaf gbturbn cbs.

  Fhbn as bnsh usdm th hktbag gbturbn cbs. @hr teas, `agdny crhugm fhbn as edbtdm wate eymrhcdg ugmdr 

 prdssurd ag ted prdsdgfd h` b suatbknd fbtbnyst. ]ed fhjpndx jhndfunds prdsdgt ag fhbn fhjkagd wate

 ]ed mdstruftavd mastannbtahg h` fhbn cavds fhod, fhbn tbr, fhbn cbs, dtf.

  Fhbn as ted shurfd `rhj weafe b gujkdr h` hrcbgaf fhjphugms sufe bs kdgzdgd, thnudgd, pedghn,bganagd, gbpetebndgd bgm bgterbfdgd brd hktbagdm.

Mdstruftavd Mastannbtahg h` Fhbn

]ed prhfdss h` mdstruftavd mastannbtahg as fbrradm hut kd edbtagc fhbn bt b eace tdjpdrbturd (2;39 O) ag

ted bksdgfd h` bar. ]eas prhfdss as bnsh fbnndm bs pyrhnysas bgm yadnms nht h` vbnubknd prhmufts.

  Yrhmufts h` mdstruftavd mastannbtahg h` fhbn

(B) Fhod (K) Fhbn ]br  

(F) Bjhgabfbn naquhr 

(M) Fhbn cbs

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  Fhod <  Vhnam rdsamud nd`t b`tdr mdstruftavd mastannbtahg (eace pdrfdgtbcd fbrkhg-gdbrny 15%)

  Ts ds <

(a)  Bs mhjdstaf `udn.

(aa)Bfts bs b chhm rdmufagc bcdgt ag ted jbgu`bfturd h` stddn

(aaa)   Tsd`un `udn cbsds naod wbtdr cbs bgm prhmufdr cbsds fbg kd jbmd usagc fhod.

 Sbtdr cbs as b jaxturd h` fbrkhg jhghxamd bgm eymrhcdg. At as hktbagdm ky pbssagc stdbj hvdr rdm-

eht fhod.

F + E;H     FH + E;

 Yrhmufdr cbs as b jaxturd h` fbrkhg jhghxamd bgm gatrhcdg. At as hktbagdm wedg bar as pbssdm hvdr 

rdm-eht fhod.

; F + H;   + =G;     ;FH + =G;

(av)   Tsdm ag jdtbnnurcafbn hpdrbtahgs bs b rdmufdr `hr hxamd hrds.

  Fhbn ]br <   Fhbn tbr as b jamturd h` ma``drdgt fbrkhg fhjphugms. At as b teafo, knbfo naquam. ]ed`rbftahgbn mastannbtahg h` fhbn tbr cavds jbgy fedjafbn sukstbgfds weafe brd usdm ag ted prdpbrbtahg

h` myds, dxpnhsavds, pbagts, sygtedtaf `akrds, mrucs bgm pdstafamds. Vhjd h` tedsd fedjafbn sukstbgfds

brd kdgzdgd, thnudgd, pedghn bgm bganagd.

  Bjjhgabfbn Naquhr <

]ed bjjhgab prhmufdm bs b rdsunt h` mdstrutavd mastannbtahg h` fhbn as bkshrkdm ag wbtdr. ]ed bqudhus

shnutahg h` bjjhgab, a.d., bjjhgauj eymrhxamd shnutahg, as fbnndm bjjhgabfbn naquhr. At as usdm ag ted

 prdpbrbtahg h` `drtanazdrs sufe bs bjjhgauj sunpebtd bgm bjjhgauj supdrpehspebtd.

 GE6   + E;H    GE=HE

; GE=

HE + E;

VH=    (GE

=)

;VH

=  + E

;H

Fhbn Cbs <   Fhbn cbs as b jaxturd h` eymrhcdg, jdtebgd bgm fbrkhg jhghxamd. ]ed cbsds prdsdgt

ag fhbn cbs brd fhjkustaknd, bgm edgfd at as bg dxfdnndgt `udn. At ebs b eace fbnhra`af vbnud. At wbs usdm

`hr nacetagc ehusds, `bfthrads bgm strddts ag Jujkba ugtan 2149. At wbs bnsh usdm `hr fhhoagc ugtan

rdfdgtny.

Ydtrhnduj

Ydtrhnduj as b gbturbnny hffurragc han tebt fhgsasts fead`ny h` eymrhfbrkhgs wate shjd htedr dndjdgts,

sufe bs sunpeur, hxycdg bgm gatrhcdg. At as ghw oghwg tebt pdtrhnduj fhgtbags eymrhfbrkhgs h` ted

 pbrb``ag sdrads, wate upth 299 hr jhrd fbrkhg bthj s ag ted febag. ]ed ugrd`agdm `hrj h` pdtrhnduj as

fbnndm frumd han hr rhfo han (pdtrb : rhfo? hnduj : han).

  Hracag h` Ydtrhnduj <

Ydtrhnduj wbs `hrjdm `rhj hrcbgasjs navagc ag ted sdb. ]ed rdjbags h` tedsd hrcbgasjs wdrd mdphsatdm

ag sebnnhw mdprdssahgs ag ted sdb kdm nhgc, nhgc bch. ]edsd wdrd fhvdrdm ky nbydrs h` sbgm bgm fnby

weafe fhjprdssdm tedsd rdjbags. Hvdr b pdrahm h` jannahgs h` ydbrs, ted hrcbgaf jbttdr prdsdgt ag ted

mdbm hrcbgasjs ugmdrwdgt b sdrads h` prhfdssds kd`hrd kdagc `agbnny trbgs`hrjdm agth pdtrhnduj. ]ed

 pdtrhnduj jacrbtdm `rhj ted shurfd rhfo th kd dgtrbppdm ag nbrcd ugmdrcrhugm rdsdrvhars kdgdbte

ajpdrjdbknd rhfos. At h`tdg `nhbts hvdr b nbydr h` wbtdr bgm as ednm ag teas phsatahg ugmdr prdssurd

 kdgdbte b nbydr h` gbturbn cbs.

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  Han Sdnns ag Agmab <

Ag Agmab, han wbs `arst strufo bt Jbouj ag Bssbj ag 2503. ]ed han `adnms h` Bssbj wdrd ted hgny shurfd

h` pdtrhnduj ag hur fhugtry ugtan bkhut =9 ydbrs bch. Vhjd htedr pnbfds ag hur fhugtry wedrd han wdnns

ebvd kddg muc brd

  Bgondsewbr bgm Obnhn ag Culbrbt,

  H``sehrd brdbs wdst h` Jujkba, bgm

  H``sehrd mdntbs h` ted Chmbvbra bgm Obvdra ravdrs.

]edrd brd shjd chvdrgjdgt bcdgfads dgcbcdm ag dxpnhragc bgm prhmufagc frumd han-Han bgm Gbturbn

Cbs Fhjjassahg (HGCF) bgm Han Agmab Najatdm (Han). ]edrd brd jbgy rd`agdrads ag Agmab. ]ed nbrcdr 

rd`agdrads brd bt Lbjgbcbr, Jbteurb, Kebrufe, Mackha, Ebnmab bgm Kbrbuga.

[d`agagc

]ed prhfdss h` sdpbrbtagc ted vbrahus fhjphgdgts h` pdtrhnduj `rhj hgd bghtedr as oghwg bs ted

rd`agagc h` pdtrhnduj. ]eas as mhgd ky b prhfdss fbnndm `rbftahgbn mastannbtahg weae as kbsdm hg ted `bfttebt ted ma``drdgt fhjphgdgts h` pdtrhnduj ebvd mastagftny ma``drdgt khanagc phagts.

  Yrhmufts h` Ydtrhnduj [d`agagc

  Bspebnt <  Bspebnt as b knbfo bgm stafoy sukstbgfd. At as usdm `hr jboagc ted sur`bfd h` rhbms. At mhds

ght kurg rdbmany.

  Ybrb``ag Sbx <  At khans bt bkhvd 036 O. At as hktbagdm ky ted `rbftahgbtahg h` rdsamubn han. At as usdm

`hr jboagc fbgmnds, vbsdnagd, crdbsd, phnaseds, dtf.

Ydtrhnduj CbsKdnhw =9¼F‖239¼F(F ‖ F )2 =

Ydtrhn (Cbshnagd)=9¼F‖239¼F(F ‖F )4 29

Odrhsdgd han239¼F ‖ ;49¼F

(F ‖ F )29 2;

Madsdn han;49¼F ‖ 649¼F(F ‖ F )26 24

@udn han699¼F ‖ =99¼F(F ‖ F )24 25

Nukrafbtagc han7 =99¼F (F ‖ F )23 ;9

Ybrb``aj wbx

7 =99¼F (F ‖ F );9 69Bspebnt7 =99¼F (F ‖ F )69 49

[dsamubn han (Khannagc phagtcrdbtdr tebg =99¼F)

      F    r    u      m    d    h      a      n

=99¼F

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 Nukrafbtagc Han <  At khans bt wdnn bkhvd 036 O. At as hktbagdm ky ted `rbftahgbtahg h` rdsamubn han. At

as usdm `hr nukrafbtagc jbfeagdry.

 @dun Han <  ]ed khanagc rbgcd h` `udn han as 0;6 O th 036 O. At as usdm ag agmustrads th edbt khandrs bgm

`urgbfds. At as b kdttdr `udn tebg fhbn kdfbusd at kurgs fhjpndtdny ndbvagc kdeagm gh bse, wedrdbs fhbn

 kurgs prhmufagc b nbrcd bjhugt h` bse weafe ebs th kd rdjhvdm rdcunbrny.   Madsdn Han <  Ats khanagc rbgcd as 436 O th 0;6 O. At fhgtbags strbacet-febag bnobgds wate ted gujkdr 

h` fbrkhg bthjs vbryagc `rhj ;9 th ;4. At as usdm ag fbrs, trufos, kusds, bgm nhfhjhtavds.

 Odrhsdgd <  Ats khanagc rbgcds as ==6 O th 4;6 O. At fhgtbags strbacet-febag bnobgds wate 29-20 fbrkhg

bthjs. At as usdm `hr mhjdstaf purphsds, `hr nacetagc pdtrhjbx, nbgtdrgs, nbjps, sthvds, dtf.

  Ydtrhn <   Ats khanagc rbgcd as 626 O th ==6 O. At as bnsh fbnndm cbshnagd. at fhgtbags pbrb``ags `rhj

 pdgtbgd th mhmdfbgd. At as usdm bs b `udn ag twh-weddndrs, terdd-weddndrs bgm fbrs.

  [dsamubn Han <  ]ed rdsamubn han hktbagdm `rhj ted prajbry mastannbtahg h` pdtrhnduj as oghwg bs

rdmufdm frumd. [dmufdm frumd as mastanndm ag vbfuuj th yadnm katujdg bs rdsamud. Katujdg as nbrcdny

usdm ag jboagc rhbm sur`bfds, bgm bnsh `hr fhbtagc fbknds th prhvamd dndftrafbn agsunbtahg.

  Tsds

  Ydtrhnduj cbs as usdm bs b `udn. At as bnsh usdm ag ted `hrj h` naqud`adm pdtrhnduj cbs (NYC) `hr 

mhjdstaf purphsds.

  Cbshnagd hr pdtrhn as usdm bs b `udn ag fbrs, sfhhtdrs, dtf.

  Odrhsdgd as usdm bs b ehusdehnm `udn.

  Madsdn han as usdm bs b `urgbfd `udn bgm `udn `hr madsdn dgcagds.

  Nukrafbtagc han as usdm `hr nukrafbtahg h` jbfeagdry, dtf.

  Pbsdnagd as usdm `hr sh`tdgagc soag.

  Ybrb``ag wbx as usdm `hr jboagc fbgmnds   Jhst agmustrabn fedjafbns brd prhmufdm `rhj pdtrhnduj bgm gbturbn cbs. ]edsd fedjafbns brd fbnndm

 pdtrhfedjafbns. Ydtrhnduj as ted jblhr shurfd h` jdmafagds, agsdftafamds, rukkdrs, pnbstafs, pdr`ujds,

dxpnhsavds, jhthr `udns, dtf.

  Ydtrhnduj Cbs <   At as b jaxturd h` dtebgd, prhpbgd bgm kutbgd. Ats jbag fhgstatudgt as kutbgd weafe

 kurgs cavagc h`` b nht h` edbt. Kutbgd as dbsany naqud`adm ugmdr eace prdssurd. Ag ted naquam `hrj at as

suppnadm ag fynagmdrs bgm as fhjjhgny oghwg bs Naqud`adm Ydtrhnduj Cbs (NYC).

  Naqud`adm Ydtrhnduj Cbs (NYC) <

Naqud`adm pdtrhnduj cbs as pdtrhnduj cbs ag naquam stbtd. At as b jaxturd h` dtebgd, prhpbgd bgm kutbgd,

 kut ted jblhr fhjphgdgt as kutbgd.

NYC as b fhnhurndss, hmhurndss (wedg purd) cbs. ]ed fhjjdrfabnny suppnadm NYC fhgtbags b strhgc

sjdnnagc fhjphugm fbnndm   dteyn jdrfbptahg (F;E4VE)   th pdrjat ats mdtdftahg ag ted fbsd h` bgy

ndbobcd.

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DUD[FAVD - 2

B.   Pdry sehrt bgswdr typd qudstahgs.

R. 2   Gbjd bgy twh prhmufts h` pdtrhnduj

rd`agagc.

R. ;   Gbjd ted pdtrhnduj prhmuft usdm `hr 

sur`bfagc h` rhbms.

R. 6   Ehw as fhod hktbagdm

R. =   Gbjd ted purdst `hrj h` fbrkhg.

R. 4   Ehw as fhbn tbr `hrjdm 8

R. 0   Cavd ted jbag usd h` fhbn cbs.

R. 3   Ehw as pdtrhnduj `hrjdm 8

R. 5   Sey as pdtrhnduj fbnndm b `hssan `udn 8

R. 1   Sebt as jdbgt ky rd`agagc h` pdtrhnduj 8

R.29   Sedrd as pdtrhnduj `hugm ag Agmab 8

R.22   Gbjd ted `rbftahg h` pdtrhnduj usdm `hr 

jboagc hagtjdgts bgm fbgmnds.

R.2;   Dxpbgm FGC.

R.26   Gbjd twh `udns weafe brd usdm `hr ruggagc

buthjhkands.

R.2=   Sey as `hhm rdcbrmdm bs b `udn `hr hur 

 khmy8

R.24   Gbjd b naquam `udn weafe as usdm ag ehjds8

R.20   Sratd ted `unn `hrjs h` (b) FGC (k) NYC

K.   Vehrt bgswdr typd qudstahgs.

R.23   Sey brd fhbn bgm pdtrhnduj oghwg bs `hssan

`udns 8

R.25   Cavd twh febrbftdrastafs h` fhbn.

R.21   Cavd twh usd h` fhod.

R.;9   Sey sehunm ted `hssan `udns kd usdm wate

fbrd 8

R.;2   (b) Gbjd twh pnbfds ag Agmab wedrd han wdnns

brd `hugm 8

(k) Sedg bgm wedrd ag Agmab wedrd han wdnns`arst `hugm 8

R.;;   (b) Gbjd ted prhmufts hktbagdm wedg fhbn

as edbtdm ag ted bksdgfd h` bar.

(k) Sratd bgy twh usds h` ats prhmufts.

R.;6   Ehw as 'pdtrhn' rdnbtdm th 'pdtrhnduj' 8 Gbjd

`hur jhst ajphrtbgt prhmufts hktbagdm `rhj

 pdtrhndauj.

R.;=   Gbjd terdd prhmufts h` mastannbtahg h` 

 pdtrhnduj h` pdtrhnduj bgm cavd tedar usds.

R.;4   Cavd rdbshgs ‖ 

(a) NYC as b kdttdr mhjdstaf `udn tebg whhm.

(aa) Sbtdr as ght usdm th fhgtrhn `ards agvhnvagc

dndftrafbn dquapjdgt.

F.   Nhgc bgswdr typd qudstahgs.

R.;0   (b) Sebt as FGC 8 Cavd ats hgd usd.

(k) @rhj weafe gbturbn sukstbgfd brd naquam

`udns `hrjdm 8

(f) Seafe cbs as ted jbag fhgstatudgt h` 

NYC 8

(m) Ehw wbs pdtrhnduj `hrjdm ag gbturd 8

(d) Sey mh crddg ndbvds ght fbtfe `ard

dbsany8

R.;3   Ehw as fhbn `hrjdm 8

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B.   Vagcnd Fhrrdft Bgswdr typd Rudstahgs

R. 2   ]ed gbturbn shnam `udn as

(B) fhbn (K) fhod

(F) NYC (M) febrfhbn

R. ;   Seafe h` ted `hnnhwagc as ght ted bttrakutd h` 

b chhm `udn 8

(B) Nhw fbnhra`af vbnud

(K) Jhmdrbtd rbtd h` fhjkusathg

(F) @barny fedbp bgm dbsany bvbanbknd

(M) Vb`d th ebgmnd, sthrd, bgm trbgsphrt

R. 6   ]ed hnmdst han rd`agdry ag agmab as nhfbtdm bt

(B) Jbteurb (K) Mackha

(F) Ehnmab (M) Obgpur  

R. =   Yrhfdss h` sdpbrbtagc usd`un `rbftahgs `rhj

 pdrtrhnduj as fbnndm

(B) [d`agagc

(K) Mastanbtahg

(F) Mdstruftavd mastanbtahg(M) Fhhnagc

R. 4   Fhbn cbs as b jaxturd h` 

(B) FH + E;

(K) FH + G;

(F) FE=   + FH + E;

(M) FE=   + F;E0

R. 0   Seafe hgd as b ehusdehnm vbradty h` fhbn 8

(B) Ydbt

(K) Katujaghus

(F) Nacgatd

(M) Bgterbfatd

R. 3   Seafe hgd as bg amdbn `udn

(B) Gbturbn cbs (K) Fhbn

(F) Odrhsdgd (M) Shhm

DUD[FAVD - ;

R. 5   ]ed `udn fhgsamdrdm bs fndbg `udn as(B) Kahcbs (K) FGC

(F) NYC (M) Bnn h` ted bkhvd

R. 1   ]ed gufndbr `udn usdm ag gufndbr phwdr 

 pnbgts as

(B) Fhbn (K) [bmauj

(F) Trbgauj (M) Chnm

R.29   ] ed p dt rh nd uj p rh mu ft u sd m a g t ed

jbgu`bfturd h` fbrkhg knbfo as ‖ 

(B) Cbshnagd

(K) Masdn

(F) Cbsdhus pdtrhnduj

(M) Nukrafbtagc han

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DUD[FAVD-2

BGVSD[ ODQ

B.   Pdry sehrt bgswdr typd qudstahgs.

Vhn.2   Odrhsdgd bgm Ydtrhn

Vhn.;   Kagtujdg

Vhn.6   Fhod as hktbagdm ky edbtagc fhbn ag ted

bksdgfd h` bar.

Vhn.=   Fhod.

Vhn.4   Sedg mdstruftavd mastannbtahg h` fhbn as mhgd,

ted vbphurs weafe fhgmdgsd ag ted wbtdr 

`hrj fhbn tbr.

Vhn.0   Fhbn cbs as jbagny usdm bs b `udn ag ted

fhbn prhfdssagc pnbgts.

Vhn.3   Ydtrhnduj as `hrjdm ky ted mdfhjphsatahg

h` mdbm bqubtaf pnbgts bgm bgajbns.

Vhn.5   Ydtrhnduj as fbnndm b `hssan `udn bs at as

hktbagdm `rhj ted khmads h` mdbm hrcbgasjs.

Vhn.1   ]ed sdpbrbtahg h` ma``drdgt `rbftahgs h`  pdtrhnduj hg ted kbsas h` tedar ma``drdgt

 khan ag c phag ts as oghwg bs rd`a gagc h` 

 pdtrhnduj.

Vhn.29   Ag agmab, pdtrhnduj as `hugm ag Bssbj, Culrbt,

Khjkby Eace bgm ag ted ravdr kbsags h` 

Chmbvbra bgm Fburvdrua.

Vhn.22   Ybrb` ag wbx.

Vhn.2;   FGC as Fhjprdssdm Gbturbn Cbs.

Vhn.26   Ydtrhn bgm Fhjprdssdm Gbturbn Cbs (FGC)

Vhn.2=  @hhm rdbfts wate hxycdg ag hur khmy bgm as

 krhodg mhwg agth sajpndr `hhm wate ted

 prhmuftahg h` edbt. Edgfd at as rdcbrmdm bs

b `udn `hr hur khmy.

Vhn.24   Odrhsdgd

Vhn.20   (b) FGC ‖ Fhjprdssdm Gbturbn Cbs

(k) NYC ‖ Naqud`adm Ydtrhnduj Cbs

K.   Vehrt bgswdr typd qudstahgs.

Vhn.23   Fhbn bgm pdtrhnduj brd `hrjdm `rhj ted

mdbm rdjbags h` navagc hrcbgasjs tebt as wey

tedy brd fbnndm `hssans `udns.

Vhn.25   Fhbn as ebrm bgm as h` knbfo ag fhnhur.

Vhn.21  Fhod as usdm ag ted dxtrbftahg h` jdtbns bgm

ag ted jbgu`bfturd h` stddn.

Vhn.;9   A` wd usd `hssan `udns fbrd`unny, at wann rdsunt

ag kdttdr dgvarhgjdgt, ndss raso h` cnhkbn

wbrjagc bgm temy wann kd bvbanbknd `hr nhgcdr 

 pdrahm.

Vhn.;2   (b) Han wdnns brd `hugm ag Bssbj bgm

Khjkby eace.

(k) ]ed `arst han wanns wdrd `hugm bt Jbouj

ag Bssbj ag 2503.

Vhn.;;   (b) Fhod as `hrjdm wedg fhbn as edbtdm ag

bksdgfd h` bar.

(k) Fhod as usdm <

 ‖ bs b `udn.

 ‖ bs b rdmufagc bcdgt ag ted dxtrbftahg h` 

jdtbns.

Vhn.;6   Ydtrhn as hgd h` ted `rbftahgs hktbagdm muragc

`rbftahgbn mastannbtahg h` pdtrhndauj. Ydtrhn,

madsdn, odrhsdgd bgm nukrafbtagc han brd `hur 

jhst ajphrtbgt prhmufts hktbagdm `rhj

 pdtrhnduj.

Vhn.;=

B K

(a) Ydtrhn Vfhhtdr  

(aa) Naqud`adm

Ydtrhnduj Cbs  Fhhoagc

(aaa) Fhbn ]edrjbn Yhwdr Vtbtahg

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Vhn.;4   (a) 2.  NYC (44999 oL/oc) ebs eacedr fbnhra`af

vbnud tebg whhm (23999-;;999 oL/oc).

;.   NYC mhds ght cavds sjhod bgm bgy

ebrj`un cbsds kut whhm cavds sjhod bgm

ebrj`un cbsds naod FH hg kurgagc.

Vh NYC as b kdttdr mhjdstaf `udn tebg whhm.

(aa) Sbtdr as ght usdm th fhgtrhn `ards agvhnvagc

dndftrafbn dquapjdgt kdfbusd wbtdr jby

fhgmuft dndftrafaty bgm ebrj tehsd tryagc th

dxtagcuase ted `ard.

Vhn.;0   (b) FGC ‖ Fhjprdssdm Gbtrubn Cbs. At as

usdm bs b `udn.

( k) B nn n aqu am ` u dns b rd ` hr jd m ` rh j

 pdtrhnduj.

(f) Kutbgd as ted jbag fhgstatudgt h` NYC.

(m) Ydtrhnduj as `hrjdm ky ted sdmajdgtbtahg

h` mdbm rdjbags h` jafrhsfhpaf jbragd

 pnbgts bgm bgajbns, weafe wdrd kuradm ugmdr 

ted sur`bfd h` ted dbrte, jannahgs h` ydbrs

bch.

(d) Crddg ndbvds mh ght fbtfe `ard dbsany

 kdfbusd tedy fhgtbag jhasturd.

Vhn.;3  Fhbn as `hrjdm ky ted snhw mdfby h` mdbm

trdds kuradm ugmdr ted dbrte. Bs ted trdds

madm, tedy wdrd fhvdrdm ky jum bgm sbgm.

]eas prhfdss fhgtagudm `hr jannahgs h` ydbrs.

Vhjdtajds dbrtequbods bgm vhnfbghds

 kuradm dgtard `hrdsts mddp agsamd ted dbte.

]ed eace tdjpdrbturd bgm prdssurd agsamd

ted dbrte snhwny fhgvdrtdm ted kuradmvdcdtbtahg agth fhbn.

DUD[FAVD-;

Ruds.   2 ; 6 = 4 0 3 5 1 29

Bgs.   B B K B F K B M F K